DOCSLIB.ORG

2019 National Hurricane Operations Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL COORDINATOR FOR METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH National Hurricane Operations Plan FCM-P12-2019 Washington, DC May 2019 Hurricane Florence, courtesy of NOAA. FEDERAL COORDINATOR FOR METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH 1325 East-West Highway, SSMC2 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301-628-0112 NATIONAL HURRICANE OPERATIONS PLAN FCM-P12-2019 Washington, D.C. May 2019 CHANGE AND REVIEW LOG Use this page to record changes and notices of reviews. Change Page Numbers Date Posted Initials Number (mm/dd/yyyy) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Changes are indicated by a vertical line in the margin next to the change or by shading and strikeouts. No. Review Date Comments Initials (mm/dd/yyyy) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. iv FOREWORD The Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research (OFCM) works with Federal agency stakeholders to plan hurricane observing and reconnaissance in preparation for each hurricane season. OFCM’s Working Group for Tropical Cyclone Operations and Research (WG/TCOR) manages the process of publishing an annual update to the National Hurricane Operations Plan (NHOP), which documents the agreed-upon interagency plans. The NHOP focuses heavily on the planning, execution, and use of aerial reconnaissance conducted by the Air Force Reserve Command’s 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron (WRS) and NOAA’s Aircraft Operations Center (AOC); addresses meteorological satellite, weather radar, and ocean observing; and a number of other, related topics. • The 2019 NHOP includes a number of noteworthy changes, including: • Revised tropical cyclone names and pronunciations (if there are any) • Additional dropsonde drops during flights (Chapter 5) • Availability of two NOAA WP-3D aircraft for operational missions (Chapter 5) • Increased area of aircraft Doppler Radar coverage (Chapter 5) • Drifting buoy deployment tasking (Chapter 9) • Revised coding forms (Section G) Thanks to all the participating Federal agencies for their cooperation in reviewing last year’s NHOP, identifying and drafting necessary changes, and working together to approve and incorporate those changes into the 2018 NHOP. //SIGNED// Mr. Michael F. Bonadonna Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research v vi NATIONAL HURRICANE OPERATIONS PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS CHANGE AND REVIEW LOG ................................................................................................... iv FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 CHAPTER 2: RESPONSIBILITIES OF COOPERATING FEDERAL AGENCIES ................ 2-1 2.1. General .................................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2. DOC Responsibilities............................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2.1. Forecasting and Warning Services......................................................................... 2-1 2.2.2. Support to DOD ..................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2.3. Post Analysis of Tropical Cyclones. ...................................................................... 2-2 2.2.4. Environmental Satellite Systems. .......................................................................... 2-2 2.2.5. Data Buoy Systems. ............................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.6. Weather Reconnaissance. ...................................................................................... 2-3 2.3. DOD Responsibilities. .......................................................................................................... 2-3 2.4. DOT and DHS Responsibilities. ........................................................................................... 2-3 2.4.1. Information Dissemination. ................................................................................... 2-3 2.4.2. Flight Assistance. ................................................................................................... 2-4 2.4.3. U. S. Coast Guard. ................................................................................................. 2-4 2.5. Annual Liaison with Other Nations. ..................................................................................... 2-4 2.6. Air Traffic Control/Flight Operations Coordination............................................................. 2-5 2.6.1. Gulf of Mexico Weather Reconnaissance.............................................................. 2-5 2.6.2. Air Traffic Control Assistance. .............................................................................. 2-5 CHAPTER 3: GENERAL OPERATIONS AND PROCEDURES OF THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HURRICANE CENTERS ..................................................................... 3-1 3.1. General. ................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2. Products................................................................................................................................. 3-1 vii 3.2.1. Tropical Weather Outlook (TWO). ............................................................................ 3-1 3.2.2. Tropical Cyclone Public Advisories (TCP). .............................................................. 3-1 3.2.3. Tropical Cyclone Forecast/Advisories (TCM). ......................................................... 3-2 3.2.4. Tropical Cyclone Discussions (TCD). ....................................................................... 3-2 3.2.5. Tropical Cyclone Updates (TCU). ............................................................................. 3-2 3.2.6. Graphical Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Speed Probabilities. ............................... 3-2 3.2.7. Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Speed Probabilities Text Product (PWS). .............. 3-3 3.2.8. Tropical Cyclone Watch Warning Product (TCV). ................................................... 3-3 3.2.9. Weather Prediction Center (WPC) Public Advisories (TCP). ................................... 3-4 3.2.10. Other Tropical Cyclone Products............................................................................. 3-4 3.2.11. NHC and CPHC Continuance of Advisories and Products for Post-Tropical Cyclones. .............................................................................................................................. 3-4 3.3. Numbering and Naming of Tropical and Subtropical Cyclones. .......................................... 3-4 3.3.1. Atlantic Basin............................................................................................................. 3-5 3.3.2. Pacific East of 140°W. ............................................................................................... 3-5 3.3.3. Pacific West of 140°W and East of 180°. .................................................................. 3-5 3.3.4. Pacific West of 180° and North of 0°. ....................................................................... 3-5 3.3.5. Subtropical Depressions............................................................................................. 3-5 3.4. Transfer of Warning Responsibility...................................................................................... 3-6 3.4.1. NHC to CPHC............................................................................................................ 3-6 3.4.2. CPHC to JTWC/(RSMC, Tokyo)/WFO Guam. ........................................................ 3-6 3.4.3. JTWC/RSMC, Tokyo to CPHC. ................................................................................ 3-6 3.5. Alternate Warning Responsibilities. ..................................................................................... 3-6 3.5.1. Transfer to Alternate. ................................................................................................. 3-6 3.5.2. Notification. ............................................................................................................... 3-7 3.6. Abbreviated Communications Headings. ........................................................................... 3-11 3.7.Hurricane Liaison Team (HLT). .......................................................................................... 3-13 3.7.1. National Weather Service (NWS) Responsibilities. ................................................ 3-13 3.7.2. Activation/Deployment. ..........................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Evolution of NOAA's Observing System Integrated Analysis (NOSIA)

    Evolution of NOAA's Observing System Integrated Analysis (NOSIA)

    Evolution of NOAA’s Observing System Integrated Analysis (NOSIA) Presented to the 13th Symposium on Societal Applications: Policy, Research and Practice (paper 9.1) Louis Cantrell Jr., and D. Helms, R. C. Reining, A. Pratt, B. Priest, and V. Ries 98th Annual Meeting American Meteorological Society Austin, Texas Overview 1 How NOSIA Informs Portfolio Decision Making 2 How NOSIA is Evolving Observing System Portfolio Management 3 System Engineering Measure of Effectiveness Each point on the Efficient Frontier represents an optimum Portfolio of Observing Programs within a Constrained Budget utcomes) O Measure of Effectiveness Measure Effectiveness of (MoE: Cost 4 Capability Improvement Prioritization NOAA Emerging Technologies for Observations Workshop Sponsored by the NOAA Observing Systems Council August 22-23, 2017 - NCWCP Identifying Capability Improvements for the Greatest NOAA -wide Benefit ▪ National Water Level Observation Network ▪ Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Buoy Ocean Profiles ▪ Commercial Fisheries Dependent Data Surveys ▪ ARGO ▪ Integrated Ocean Observing System Regionals ▪ Animal Borne Sensors ▪ National Observer Program (NOP) ▪ Drifting Buoy Network ▪ NEXRAD Precipitation Products ▪ Program-funded Habitat Surveys ▪ Coastal Weather Buoys Atmospheric Surface Observations ▪ Recreational Fish Surveys ▪ Historical Habitat Databases ▪ Chartered Vessels Research ▪ NWS Upper Air Soundings ▪ Coastal-Marine Automated Network ▪ GOES Imagery ▪ NERR_SWMP ▪ Automated Weather Observing System ▪ Global Ocean Observing System Carbon Network
  • NCEP Synergy Meeting Highlights: March 27, 2017

    NCEP Synergy Meeting Highlights: March 27, 2017

    NCEP Synergy Meeting Highlights: March 27, 2017 This meeting was led by Mark Klein (WPC) and attended by Steven Earle (NCO); Glenn White ​ (GCWMB); Israel Jirak (SPC); Mike Brennan (NHC) Scott Scallion (MDL); Brian Miretsky (ER); ​ ​ Jack Settelmaier (SR); Andy Edman (WR); John Eise (CR), and Curtis Alexander (ESRL). 1. NOTES FROM NCO (Steven Earle) ​ ​ RTMA/URMA - Implementation delayed until May 2 http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/notification/scn17-17rtma_urma.htm ​ LMP/GLMP - Implementation scheduled for 3/29 http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/notification/scn17-22lamp_glmpaaa.htm ​ ECMWF-MOS - Implementation tentatively scheduled for 3/30; Likely to delay at least a week. Internal NWS only NHC Guidance Suite (NHC only) - Scheduled implementation in mid-May http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/notification/pns17-09chghurche77removal.htm ​ ESTOFS-Atlantic - Feedback due by COB today with implementation April 25 http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/notification/scn17-34extratropical.htm ​ NWM - 30-day IT stability test scheduled to begin today. Implementation scheduled for early May. SCN to be released soon. GFS - 30-day IT stability test scheduled to begin in May; Implementation scheduled for mid-June. SCN will be released in early May. CMAQ - CONUS only upgrade. Evaluation and IT stability test expected to start at the end of April PETSS/ETSS - NCO began work on the upgrade; Evaluation and IT stability expected to start in early May 2. NOTES FROM EMC 2a. Global Climate and Weather Modeling Branch (GCWMB) (Glenn White): ​ The Office of the Director has approved the implementation of the GFS NEMS. The 30-day IT test is now scheduled for May and implementation is scheduled for mid-June.
  • The Impact of Dropsonde and Extra Radiosonde Observations During NAWDEX in Autumn 2016

    The Impact of Dropsonde and Extra Radiosonde Observations During NAWDEX in Autumn 2016

    FEBRUARY 2020 S C H I N D L E R E T A L . 809 The Impact of Dropsonde and Extra Radiosonde Observations during NAWDEX in Autumn 2016 MATTHIAS SCHINDLER Meteorologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat,€ Munich, Germany MARTIN WEISSMANN Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Munich, Germany, and Institut fur€ Meteorologie und Geophysik, Universitat€ Wien, Vienna, Austria ANDREAS SCHÄFLER Institut fur€ Physik der Atmosphare,€ Deutsches Zentrum fur€ Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany GABOR RADNOTI European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom (Manuscript received 2 May 2019, in final form 18 November 2019) ABSTRACT Dropsonde observations from three research aircraft in the North Atlantic region, as well as several hundred additionally launched radiosondes over Canada and Europe, were collected during the international North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment (NAWDEX) in autumn 2016. In addition, over 1000 dropsondes were deployed during NOAA’s Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT) and Reconnaissance missions in the west Atlantic basin, supplementing the conven- tional observing network for several intensive observation periods. This unique dataset was assimilated within the framework of cycled data denial experiments for a 1-month period performed with the global model of the ECMWF. Results show a slightly reduced mean forecast error (1%–3%) over the northern Atlantic and Europe by assimilating these additional observations, with the most prominent error reductions being linked to Tropical Storm Karl, Cyclones Matthew and Nicole, and their subsequent interaction with the midlatitude waveguide. The evaluation of Forecast Sensitivity to Observation Impact (FSOI) indicates that the largest impact is due to dropsondes near tropical storms and cyclones, followed by dropsondes over the northern Atlantic and additional Canadian radiosondes.
  • Massively Deployable, Low-Cost Airborne Sensor Motes for Atmospheric Characterization

    Massively Deployable, Low-Cost Airborne Sensor Motes for Atmospheric Characterization

    Wireless Sensor Network, 2020, 12, 1-11 https://www.scirp.org/journal/wsn ISSN Online: 1945-3086 ISSN Print: 1945-3078 Massively Deployable, Low-Cost Airborne Sensor Motes for Atmospheric Characterization Michael Bolt, J. Craig Prather, Tyler Horton, Mark Adams Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA How to cite this paper: Bolt, M., Prather, Abstract J.C., Horton, T. and Adams, M. (2020) Massively Deployable, Low-Cost Airborne A low-cost airborne sensor mote has been designed for deployment en masse Sensor Motes for Atmospheric Characteri- to characterize atmospheric conditions. The designed environmental sensing zation. Wireless Sensor Network, 12, 1-11. mote, or eMote, was inspired by the natural shape of auto-rotating maple https://doi.org/10.4236/wsn.2020.121001 seeds to fall slowly and gather data along its descent. The eMotes measure Received: January 2, 2020 and transmit temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed es- Accepted: January 28, 2020 timates alongside GPS coordinates and timestamps. Up to 2080 eMotes can Published: January 31, 2020 be deployed simultaneously with a 1 Hz sampling rate, but the system capac- Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and ity increases by 2600 eMotes for every second added between samples. All Scientific Research Publishing Inc. measured and reported data falls within accuracy requirements for reporting This work is licensed under the Creative with both the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the National Commons Attribution International Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This paper presents the License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ design and validation of the eMote system alongside discussions on the imple- Open Access mentation of a large-scale, low-cost sensor network.
  • Annual Weather/Climate Data Summary 2010 Pacific Island Network

    Annual Weather/Climate Data Summary 2010 Pacific Island Network

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Annual Weather/Climate Data Summary 2010 Pacific Island Network Natural Resource Data Series NPS/PACN/NRDS—2012/273 ON THE COVER Sunset at American Memorial Park (AMME), Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service staff. Annual Weather/Climate Data Summary 2010 Pacific Island Network Natural Resource Data Series NPS/PACN/NRDS—2012/273 Tonnie L. C. Casey National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring P.O. Box 52 Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 April 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for the timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. Data in this report were collected and analyzed using methods based on established, peer- reviewed protocols and were analyzed and interpreted within the guidelines of the protocols.
  • Driftsondes Providing in Situ Long-Duration Dropsonde Observations Over Remote Regions

    Driftsondes Providing in Situ Long-Duration Dropsonde Observations Over Remote Regions

    DRIFTSONDES Providing In Situ Long-Duration Dropsonde Observations over Remote Regions BY STEPHEN A. COHN, TERRY HOCK, PHILIPPE COCQUEREZ, JUNHONG WANG, FLORENCE RABIER, DAVID PARSONS, PATRICK HARR, CHUN-CHIEH WU, PHILIPPE DROBINSKI, FATIMA KARBOU, STÉPHANIE VÉNEL, ANDRÉ VARGas, NadIA FOURRIÉ, NATHALIE SAINT-RAMOND, VINCENT GUIdaRD, ALEXIS DOERENBECHER, HUANG-HSIUNG HSU, PO-HSIUNG LIN, MING-DAH CHOU, JEAN-LUC REDELSPERGER, CHARLIE MARTIN, JacK FOX, NICK POTTS, KATHRYN YOUNG, AND HAL COLE A field-tested, balloon-borne dropsonde platform fills an important gap in in-situ research measurement capabilities by delivering high-resolution, MIST dropsondes to remote locations from heights unobtainable by research aircraft. igh-quality in situ measure- ments from radiosondes and H dropsondes are the gold stan- dard for vertical profiles of funda- mental atmospheric measurements such as wind, temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH). Satellite- borne remote sensors provide much- needed global, long-term coverage; however, they do not match the ability of sondes to capture sharp transitions and fine vertical struc- ture, and have significant perfor- mance limitations (e.g., the inability of infrared sounders to penetrate clouds, poor accuracy in the bound- ary layer). Sondes are also a trusted FIG. 1. The driftsonde system concept. means to calibrate and validate remote sensors. However, it is challenging to launch understanding the development of tropical cyclones radiosondes from remote locations such as the ocean to validating satellite retrievals in Antarctica. surface or the interior of Antarctica. Aircraft release The driftsonde is a unique balloonborne in- dropsondes above such locations but are limited by strument that releases dropsondes to provide the range and endurance of the aircraft.
  • Global Hawk Dropsonde Observations of the Arctic Atmosphere Obtained During the Winter Storms and Pacific Atmospheric Rivers (WISPAR) field Campaign

    Global Hawk Dropsonde Observations of the Arctic Atmosphere Obtained During the Winter Storms and Pacific Atmospheric Rivers (WISPAR) field Campaign

    Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3917–3926, 2014 www.atmos-meas-tech.net/7/3917/2014/ doi:10.5194/amt-7-3917-2014 © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Global Hawk dropsonde observations of the Arctic atmosphere obtained during the Winter Storms and Pacific Atmospheric Rivers (WISPAR) field campaign J. M. Intrieri1, G. de Boer1,2, M. D. Shupe1,2, J. R. Spackman1,3, J. Wang4,6, P. J. Neiman1, G. A. Wick1, T. F. Hock4, and R. E. Hood5 1NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA 2Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Box 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 3Science and Technology Corporation, Boulder, CO 80305, USA 4National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Dr., Boulder, CO 80305, USA 5NOAA, Unmanned Aircraft Systems Program, 1200 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA 6University at Albany, SUNY, Department of Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences, Albany, NY 12222, USA Correspondence to: J. M. Intrieri ([email protected]) Received: 20 February 2014 – Published in Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss.: 23 April 2014 Revised: 15 September 2014 – Accepted: 20 October 2014 – Published: 25 November 2014 Abstract. In February and March of 2011, the Global Hawk Comparison of dropsonde observations with atmospheric re- unmanned aircraft system (UAS) was deployed over the Pa- analyses reveal that, for this day, large-scale structures such cific Ocean and the Arctic during the Winter Storms and as the polar vortex and air masses are captured by the re- Pacific Atmospheric Rivers (WISPAR) field campaign. The analyses, while smaller-scale features, including low-level WISPAR science missions were designed to (1) improve our jets and inversion depths, are mischaracterized.
  • Singapore Changi Airport Dropsonde for Weather

    Singapore Changi Airport Dropsonde for Weather

    41621Y_Vaisala156 6.4.2001 10:05 Sivu 1 156/2001156/2001 Extensive AWOS System: Singapore Changi Airport 2000 NWS Isaac Cline Meteorology Award: Dropsonde for Weather Reconnaissance Short-Term Weather Predictions in Urban Zones: Urban Forecast Issues and Challenges The 81st AMS Annual Meeting: Precipitation Extremes and Climate Variability 41621Y_Vaisala156 6.4.2001 10:05 Sivu 2 Contents President’s Column 3 Vaisala’s high-quality customer Upper Air Obsevations support aims to offer complete solutions for customers’ AUTOSONDE Service and Maintenance measurement needs. Vaisala Contract for Germany 4 and DWD (the German Dropsonde for Weather Reconnaissance in the USA 6 Meteorological Institute) have signed an AUTOSONDE Service Ballistic Meteo System for the Dutch Army 10 and Maintenance Contract. The service benefits are short GPS Radiosonde Trial at Camborne, UK 12 turnaround times, high data Challenge of Space at CNES 14 availability and extensive service options. Surface Weather Observations World Natural Heritage Site in Japan 16 The First MAWS Shipped to France for CNES 18 Finland’s oldest and most Aviation Weather experienced helicopter operator Copterline Oy started scheduled The Extesive AWOS System to route traffic between Helsinki Singapore Changi Airport 18 and Tallinn in May 2000. Accurate weather data for safe The New Athens International Airport 23 journeys and landings is Fast Helicopter Transportation Linking Two Capitals 24 provided by a Vaisala Aviation Weather Reporter AW11 system, European Gliding Champs 26 serving at both ends of the route. Winter Maintenance on Roads Sound Basis for Road Condition Monitoring in Italy 28 Fog Monitoring Along the River Seine 30 The French Air and Space Academy has awarded its year Additional Features 2000 “Grand Prix” to the SAFIR system development teams of Urban Forecast Issues and Challenges 30 Vaisala and ONERA (the The 81st AMS Annual Meeting: French National Aerospace Precipitation Extremes and Climate Variability 38 Research Agency).
  • Technical Characteristics and Performance Criteria for Systems in the Meteorological Aids Service in the 403 Mhz and 1 680 Mhz Bands

    Technical Characteristics and Performance Criteria for Systems in the Meteorological Aids Service in the 403 Mhz and 1 680 Mhz Bands

    Recommendation ITU-R RS.1165-3 (12/2018) Technical characteristics and performance criteria for systems in the meteorological aids service in the 403 MHz and 1 680 MHz bands RS Series Remote sensing systems ii Rec. ITU-R RS.1165-3 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1.
  • Cranking up the Intensity: Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events

    Cranking up the Intensity: Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events

    CRANKING UP THE INTENSITY: CLIMATE CHANGE AND EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS CLIMATECOUNCIL.ORG.AU Thank you for supporting the Climate Council. The Climate Council is an independent, crowd-funded organisation providing quality information on climate change to the Australian public. Published by the Climate Council of Australia Limited ISBN: 978-1-925573-14-5 (print) 978-1-925573-15-2 (web) © Climate Council of Australia Ltd 2017 This work is copyright the Climate Council of Australia Ltd. All material Professor Will Steffen contained in this work is copyright the Climate Council of Australia Ltd Climate Councillor except where a third party source is indicated. Climate Council of Australia Ltd copyright material is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License. To view a copy of this license visit http://creativecommons.org.au. You are free to copy, communicate and adapt the Climate Council of Australia Ltd copyright material so long as you attribute the Climate Council of Australia Ltd and the authors in the following manner: Cranking up the Intensity: Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events by Prof. Lesley Hughes Professor Will Steffen, Professor Lesley Hughes, Dr David Alexander and Dr Climate Councillor Martin Rice. The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. David Bowman (University of Tasmania), Dr. Kathleen McInnes (CSIRO) and Dr. Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick (University of New South Wales) for kindly reviewing sections of this report. We would also like to thank Sally MacDonald, Kylie Malone and Dylan Pursche for their assistance in preparing the report. Dr David Alexander Researcher, — Climate Council Image credit: Cover Photo “All of this sand belongs on the beach to the right” by Flickr user Rob and Stephanie Levy licensed under CC BY 2.0.
  • TC Modelling and Data Assimilation

    TC Modelling and Data Assimilation

    Tropical Cyclone Modeling and Data Assimilation Jason Sippel NOAA AOML/HRD 2021 WMO Workshop at NHC Outline • History of TC forecast improvements in relation to model development • Ongoing developments • Future direction: A new model History: Error trends Official TC Track Forecast Errors: • Hurricane track forecasts 1990-2020 have improved markedly 300 • The average Day-3 forecast location error is 200 now about what Day-1 error was in 1990 100 • These improvements are 1990 2020 largely tied to improvements in large- scale forecasts History: Error trends • Hurricane track forecasts have improved markedly • The average Day-3 forecast location error is now about what Day-1 error was in 1990 • These improvements are largely tied to improvements in large- scale forecasts History: Error trends Official TC Intensity Forecast Errors: 1990-2020 • Hurricane intensity 30 forecasts have only recently improved 20 • Improvement in intensity 10 forecast largely corresponds with commencement of 0 1990 2020 Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project HFIP era History: Error trends HWRF Intensity Skill 40 • Significant focus of HFIP has been the 20 development of the HWRF better 0 Climo better HWRF model -20 -40 • As a result, HWRF intensity has improved Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 significantly over the past decade HWRF skill has improved up to 60%! Michael Talk focus: How better use of data, particularly from recon, has helped improve forecasts Michael Talk focus: How better use of data, particularly from recon, has helped improve forecasts History: Using TC Observations
  • Observations of Extreme Variations in Radiosonde Ascent Rates

    Observations of Extreme Variations in Radiosonde Ascent Rates

    Observations of Significant Variations in Radiosonde Ascent Rates Above 20 km. A Preliminary Report W.H. Blackmore Upper air Observations Program Field Systems Operations Center NOAA National Weather Service Headquarters Ryan Kardell Weather Forecast Office, Springfield, Missouri NOAA National Weather Service Latest Edition, Rev D, June 14, 2012 1. Introduction: Commonly known measurements obtained from radiosonde observations are pressure, temperature, relative humidity (PTU), dewpoint, heights and winds. Yet, another measurement of significant value, obtained from high resolution data, is the radiosonde ascent rate. As the balloon carrying the radiosonde ascends, its' rise rate can vary significantly owing to vertical motions in the atmosphere. Studies on deriving vertical air motions and other information from radiosonde ascent rate data date from the 1950s (Corby, 1957) to more recent work done by Wang, et al. (2009). The causes for the vertical motions are often from atmospheric gravity waves that are induced by such phenomena as deep convection in thunderstorms (Lane, et al. 2003), jet streams, and wind flow over mountain ranges. Since April, 1995, the National Weather Service (NWS) has archived radiosonde data from the MIcroART upper air system at six second intervals for nearly all stations in the NWS 92 station upper air network. With the network deployment of the Radiosonde Replacement System (RRS) beginning in August, 2005, the resolution of the data archived increased to 1 second intervals and also includes the GPS radiosonde height data. From these data, balloon ascent rate can be derived by noting the rate of change in height for a period of time The purpose of this study is to present observations of significant variations of radiosonde balloon ascent rates above 20 km in the stratosphere taken close to (less than 150 km away) and near the time of severe and non- severe thunderstorms.