Active and Healthy Lifestyles Population

Methodology:

The annual District Needs Analysis is an assessment of statistical information for Cannock Chase which examines and highlights key social, environmental and economic issues in the District. The report forms a broad analysis of the most statistically significant socioeconomic issues affecting the District and cannot therefore provide a comprehensive insight into all subjects or themes.

The data featured in this report has been drawn from a combination of both local and national sources including those produced by Staffordshire County Council and the Office for National Statistics (ONS). There may be statistical differences between data sources due to statistics being generated from varying sources and consequent variations in the way that analysts have aggregated averages from within local or national contexts. In approaching statistics presented in this report, it is important to note that sources, particularly those relating to lower-level geographical areas or small counts of people, may present suppressed data scores to protect individual identity.

Disclaimer Statement:

This document has been produced by Cannock Chase Council. If you wish to reproduce any part of this document, please acknowledge the source. All data featured in this document has been accredited to a source which should be acknowledged when reproduced in any form. Information about sources given in this document is intended to direct users to the relevant data as published in online resources by organisations such as the Office for National Statistics. Please consult the original source for information about the use of statistics which they publish before reproducing any of the data featured in this document.

All of the statistical information included in this document was current at the time of writing in July 2014. However, due to the frequently changing nature of statistical information, this report is not intended to serve as a definitive position statement for the District and it is important to note that some data will have been revised since publication. Cannock Chase Council, while believing the information in this document to be correct at time of publication, does not guarantee its accuracy nor does the Council accept any liability for any direct or indirect loss or damage or other consequences, however arising from the use of such information supplied.

Contents:

People: Active and Healthy Lifestyles Population 5 Population Projections for Cannock Chase, 2037 6 Population Projections for Cannock Chase CCG, 2037 7 Workday Population 8 Workplace Population 9 Life Expectancy 12 Health Conditions 17 Stroke 17 Diabetes 17 Asthma 18 Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 18 Mental Health and Dementia 19 Deprivation 20 Employment and Health in Households with Dependent Children 20 Fuel Poverty 20 Food Banks 21 Health Inequality 21 Disability Living Allowance 21 Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)/ Incapacity Benefits 22 Employment and Long-Term Conditions 24 Lifestyle 25 Physical Activity 25 Obesity 27 Smoking and Alcohol 29

Place: Improved Living Environment Waste and Recycling 31 Living Environment 31 Urban/Rural Classification 31 Brownfield/Greenfield Development 32 Air Quality 33 Climate Change 34

Housing 35 Housing Requirements 35 Housing Market 36 Housing Affordability 39 Community Safety 40

Prosperity: Economic Resilience Educational Attainment 43 Disadvantage and Educational Attainment 45 School Performance 49 Adult Skills 50 Occupation and Earnings 51 Young People not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) 56 Unemployment 57 Youth Unemployment 59 Economic Growth and Resilience 61 Transport and Commuting 62 Distance Travelled to Work 62 Commuting for Work 63

Produced by Policy & Performance, August 2014.

Contact Helen Maiden, Research and Information Officer [email protected] for more information.

People: Active and Healthy Lifestyles

Population

The Mid-2013 Population Estimate for Cannock Chase indicates that the District population is 98, 119. This has seen an increase of 0.7% since 2011:

Mid-2013 Mid-2012 Population 2011 Population Estimate Census Estimate 98,119 97,462 97,940

Data Source: 2011 Census and Mid-Year Population Estimates for 2012 and 2013, Office for National Statistics.

Population across the fifteen Cannock Chase Wards saw change between 2011 and 2012. Some Wards experienced a decline in population, whereas the number of residents increased in other Wards, as shown on the table below.

Ward: 2011 2012 Population Change Population Population 2011-2012 Brereton and Ravenhill 6538 6664 1.9% Increase Cannock East 7063 7023 0.6% Decrease Cannock North 7286 7285 0.01% Decrease Cannock South 7673 7787 1.5% Increase Cannock West 6996 6972 0.3% Decrease Etching Hill and The Heath 6777 6712 1% Decrease Hagley 4655 4679 0.5% Increase Hawks Green 7628 7771 1.9% Increase Heath Hayes East and 6457 6459 0.03% Increase Wimblebury Hednesford Green Heath 4985 4986 0.02% Increase Hednesford North 7058 7073 0.2% Increase Hednesford South 5300 5317 0.3% Increase Norton Canes 7479 7453 0.3% Decrease Rawnsley 4977 4986 0.2% Increase Western Springs 6590 6773 2.8% Increase

Key: = Decrease = Increase

Data Source: 2011 Census Table KS101EW: Usual Resident Population, Office for National Statistics; Mid-Year Population Estimate for 2012, Office for National Statistics.

The table above shows that Western Springs has seen the largest increase in population, with a rise of almost 3% (2.8%) in the number of residents between 2011 and 2012. The largest decrease in population was in Cannock East which saw a fall of 0.6% in the number of residents during the same period.

Population Projections for Cannock Chase, 2037

2012-based Subnational Population Projections produced by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) are an indicator of future trends in population based on the continuation of observed trends over the past five years.1 These projections indicate that the Cannock Chase population will reach approximately 105,000 residents by 2037 – an increase of around 7% on 2013 figures.

2035 2037 2025 2030 2020 105,000 102,000 103,000 104,000 101,000

Data Source: 2012-based Subnational Population Projections for England (May 2014), Office for National Statistics.

Particular increases are anticipated in the proportion of the Cannock Chase population aged 65 and over. This age group is estimated to see a rise of more than 20% (21.3%), from 16,400 in 2012 to 19,900 in 2021. The age group 85+ is projected to see a rise of 36.8% during the same period, from 1,900 in 2012 to 2,600 in 2021.2 The chart below illustrates how the age structure of the Cannock Chase population is forecast to change between 2014 and 2037.

1 Office for National Statistics, 2012-based Subnational Population Projections for England (May 2014) http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/snpp/sub-national-population-projections/2012- based-projections/stb-2012-based-snpp.html 2 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile for Cannock Chase District Council, 2014; Office for National Statistics, Interim 2011-based Subnational Population Projections http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/snpp/sub-national-population-projections/Interim- 2011-based/index.html

Projected Change in Age Structure, Cannock Chase, 2014-2037 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0

Year 2014 Year 2037

Data Source: 2012-based Subnational Population Projections for England (May 2014), Office for National Statistics.

Population projections illustrated on the chart above indicate a decline in the number of Cannock Chase residents in younger age groups between 2014 and 2037. In contrast, the number of people aged 65 and over is estimated to see a considerable increase during this period. The number of residents aged 70-74 is forecast to increase by 75%, from 4,000 in 2014 to 7,000 in 2037. Furthermore, the number of residents aged 80-84 is predicted to double and the age group 85+ to triple in size during the same period. This trend of ageing population could have significant social and economic implications for the District.

Population Projections for Cannock Chase CCG, 2037

The population of NHS Cannock Chase Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) was approximately 133,400 in 2014.3 Population projections indicate that this will increase by around 5.7% by 2037, with the CCG covering a population of approximately 141,000 people. The proportion of different age groups within the CCG is also projected to change.

3 Please note that the boundaries of NHS Cannock Chase Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) differ from those of Cannock Chase District. Cannock Chase CCG incorporates 27 GP Practices across the District and the South Staffordshire areas of Cheslyn Hay and Great Wyrley. For all GP Practices within Cannock Chase CCG see http://www.cannockchaseccg.nhs.uk/commissioning/who-we-are/our-practices-directory/

Reflecting the trend of ageing population evident in District population projections, an increase in residents aged 65 and upwards is forecast for the period 2014 to 2037, as shown on the table below.

Percentage Change in Age Structure, Cannock Chase CCG, 2014-2037

Age Group 2014 2037 % Change 65 to 69 8,100 9,500 17.3% 70 to 74 6,300 9,300 47.6% 75 to 79 4,600 7,200 56.5% 80 to 84 3,100 5,500 77.4% 85 to 89 1,900 4,400 131.6% 90 and over 1,000 4,200 320%

Data Source: 2012-based Subnational Population Projections for Clinical Commissioning Groups in England (May 2014), Office for National Statistics.

This projected rise in older residents could have implications for the type and cost of services provided by Cannock Chase CCG.

Workday Population4

Workday population redistributes the population based on where they usually work, with those not in work recorded at their usual address. Workday population includes residents in employment (16+), with those not working (including those under 16) counted at their usual address.5

Figures for Cannock Chase showed a decrease of 8.9% between the District’s usual resident and workday populations in 2011, from 97,462 to 88,792.6 However, a number of Wards in the District saw an increase in population between their usual resident population and their workday population.

Three Wards saw an increase of between 6% and 12% in population during the working day – Cannock West (6%), Western Springs (6.1%) and Norton Canes (11.3%). However, Cannock South saw the largest increase of 86.8% with 6661 additional people in the Ward’s workday population.7

4 For more information about Cannock Chase’s Workday Population, see 2011 Census Briefing: Workday Population http://chaseweb.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/chief-executives- policy-and-performance/2011-census-briefings 5 Office for National Statistics, The Workday Population of England and Wales: An Alternative 2011 Census Output Base (2013). 6 2011 Census Table WD102EW: Population Density; 2011 Census Table KS101EW: Usual Resident Population, Office for National Statistics. 7 Ibid.

Wards with an Increase in Workday Population, 2011

Cannock Norton Western Cannock Canes South Springs West 11.3% 86.8% 6% 6.1%

The Office for National Statistics suggests that population gain can be ‘explained partly by movement of working people daily from adjacent areas’. This indicates that a considerable number of people not usually resident had employment based at a workplace in these Wards at the time of the 2011 Census.8

Workplace Population9

Workplace population redistributes the population based on their place of work. All usual residents aged 16 to 74 who are in employment and whose workplace is in the area are included. People who work mainly at or from home or do not have a fixed place of work are included in the area of their usual residence.10

38,814 people aged 16 to 74 had a workplace in Cannock Chase, worked mainly at or from home in the District or did not have a fixed place of work but were usually resident at the time of the 2011 Census.11 Cannock Chase’s

8 Office for National Statistics, ‘Differences between the Usually Resident and Workday Populations’, Part of 2011 Census, Workday Population Statistics for Output Areas in England and Wales (Part 1) Release http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/workday- population-statistics-for-output-areas-in-england-and-wales--part-1-/rpt-workday-population- of-england-and-wales.html#tab-Differences-between-the-usually-resident-and-workday- populations 9 For more information about Cannock Chase’s Workplace Population, see 2011 Census Briefing: Workplace Population http://chaseweb.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/chief-executives- policy-and-performance/2011-census-briefings 10 Office for National Statistics, Workplace Population Analysis, 2011 Census, http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/workplace-population-statistics-for- workplace-zones-and-middle-layer-super-output-areas--msoas--in-england-and- wales/workplace-population-analysis--2011-census.html 11 2011 Census Table WP101EW: Population (Workplace Population), Office for National Statistics.

9 workplace population had a population density of 4.9 persons per hectare.12 2011 Census data indicates that 9.7% of the District’s workplace population worked mainly at or from home (3753 persons).13

Ward-level workplace population data indicates that Cannock Chase’s workplace population was concentrated in different areas across the District, with all Wards seeing a decrease in population during the working day with the exception of Cannock South.

Ward Usual Resident Workplace Numerical Percentage Population, 2011 Population, 2011 Change Change Brereton and 6,538 2,474 -4064 -62.2% Ravenhill Cannock East 7,063 2,307 -4756 -67.3% Cannock North 7,286 759 -6527 -89.6% Cannock South 7,673 9,944 +2271 +29.6% Cannock West 6,996 3,782 -3214 -45.9% Etching Hill and 6,777 1,073 -5704 -84.2% The Heath Hagley 4,655 828 -3827 -82.2% Hawks Green 7,628 2,351 -5277 -69.2% Heath Hayes 6,457 1,443 -5014 -77.7% East and Wimblebury Hednesford 4,985 789 -4196 -84.2% Green Heath Hednesford 7,058 1,829 -5229 -74.1% North Hednesford 5,300 2,181 -3119 -58.8% South Norton Canes 7,479 4,496 -2983 -39.9% Rawnsley 4,977 1,013 -3964 -79.6% Western Springs 6,590 3,545 -3045 -46.2%

Data Source: 2011 Census Table KS101EW: Usual Resident Population; 2011 Census Table WP101EW: Population (Workplace Population), Office for National Statistics.

The map below illustrates that the largest proportion of the District’s workplace population was concentrated in Cannock South in 2011 (25.6%).14

12 2011 Census Table WP102EW: Population Density (Workplace Population), Office for National Statistics. 13 2011 Census Table WP702EW: Distance Travelled to Work (Workplace Population), Office for National Statistics. 14 2011 Census Table WP101EW: Population (Workplace Population), Office for National Statistics.

Note: Percentage proportion of District Workplace Population in each Ward rounded to the nearest whole number. 11

Life Expectancy

Life expectancy is a measure of the average number of years a person would live if they experienced the age-specific mortality rates for the area where they lived and is used as a measure of the health status of the population.15 Life expectancy for males in Cannock Chase, 2008-2012, was 77.9 years. This was below both the Staffordshire and National averages of 78.9. Female life expectancy in the District during this period was 82.3 which was also lower than the Staffordshire average of 82.7 years and the National average of 82.8 years.16

Life Expectancy, Males, Life Expectancy, Females, 2008-2012 (years) 2008-2012 (years) 79 82.9 78.8 82.8 78.6 82.7 78.4 82.6 78.2 82.5 78.9 78.9 82.4 82.8 78 82.3 82.7 77.8 82.2 77.6 77.9 82.1 82.3 77.4 82

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014).

The rate of mortality from causes considered preventable per 100,000 population was 223 in Cannock Chase 2008-2012. This was above both the Staffordshire rate of 187 and the England rate of 188.

Cannock Staffordshire England Chase

187 188 223

15 Office for National Statistics, Life Expectancy at Birth and at Age 65 by Local Areas in the United Kingdom, 2006-08 to 2010-12 (April 2014) http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/subnational- health4/life-expec-at-birth-age-65/2006-08-to-2010-12/stb-life-expectancy-at-birth-2006-08- to-2010-12.html#tab-Background 16 Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014).

The Cannock Chase rate was the highest across the eight Staffordshire Districts during this period, followed by Tamworth at 204. 17

17 Ibid.

Life Expectancy in the Cannock Chase Wards

Life Expectancy, Males, 2008-2012 (years) 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 Brereton and Ravenhill 78.9 Cannock East 77 Cannock North 75.6 Cannock South 75.5 Cannock West 79.4 Etching Hill and The Heath 79.8 Hagley 77.7 Hawks Green 75.7 Heath Hayes East and Wimblebury 76.5 Hednesford Green Heath 80.4 Hednesford North 77.5 Hednesford South 81.4 Norton Canes 78.7 Rawnsley 76.6 Western Springs 78.3 Cannock Chase 77.9 Staffordshire 78.9 England 78.9

Life Expectancy, Females, 2008-2012 (years) 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90

Brereton and Ravenhill 83.1 Cannock East 82.4 Cannock North 82.1 Cannock South 82 Cannock West 85.4 Etching Hill and The Heath 84.5 Hagley 84.9 Hawks Green 78 Heath Hayes East and Wimblebury 80.4 Hednesford Green Heath 88 Hednesford North 82.9 Hednesford South 83.5 Norton Canes 83 Rawnsley 80.4 Western Springs 81.7 Cannock Chase 82.3 Staffordshire 82.7 England 82.8

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014)

As the charts above illustrate, life expectancy during the period 2008-2012 varied across the Cannock Chase Wards, with a number of Wards reporting a

14 life expectancy for both male and female residents which exceeded the District averages. In contrast, the charts above indicate that life expectancy was below the District average for both men and women in some Wards, including Cannock North, Cannock South, Hawks Green, Heath Hayes East and Wimblebury and Rawnsley.

The rate of mortality from causes considered preventable per 100,000 population was also above the Cannock Chase average of 223 in seven of the District’s Wards. This could indicate health inequalities across the District. These Wards are highlighted with stripes on the chart below.

Rate of Mortality from Preventable Causes (per 100,000 population), 2008-2012 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Brereton and Ravenhill 240

Cannock East 242

Cannock North 312

Cannock South 264

Cannock West 167

Etching Hill and The Heath 209

Hagley 280

Hawks Green 177

Heath Hayes East and Wimblebury 285

Hednesford Green Heath 158

Hednesford North 227

Hednesford South 197

Norton Canes 222

Rawnsley 222

Western Springs 217

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014)

Cannock Chase’s under 75 mortality rate from all causes 2008-2012 was the highest in Staffordshire at a rate of 393.7 per 100,000. This was above both the County average (341.9) and the National average (359.9). The under 75 mortality rate from cancer was also the highest in the County in Cannock

Chase at a rate of 165.3 per 100,000 during the same period, with the District reporting a rate which was above both the Staffordshire (143.6) and England (148.6) averages.18

Under 75 Mortality Rate from All Causes, 2008-2012 (ASR per 100,000)

Cannock England Chase Staffordshire 359.9 341.9 393.7

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014)

Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE), 2010-2012

Healthy life expectancy is an estimate of the average lifespan a person can expect to spend in good health calculated by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) for NHS Clinical Commissioning Groups in England 2010-2012. The table below shows that the percentage proportion of life in good health was lower than the England average for both males and females in Cannock Chase CCG, at birth and at age 65.

Percentage Proportion of Life in Good Health

Location HLE at Birth HLE at Birth HLE at Age HLE at Age 65 (Males) (Females) 65 (Males) (Females) 78.3% 75.7% 41.1% 37.9% Cannock Chase CCG

80.2% 78.0% 49.7% 46.1% England Avg.

Percentage Gap between National and District 1.9% 2.3% 8.6% 8.2% Averages

Data Source: Office for National Statistics, Healthy Life Expectancy at Birth and at Age 65: Clinical Commissioning Groups, 2010-2012, (March 2014).

18 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014).

Health Conditions

Analysis of health conditions in Cannock Chase refers to statistics recorded on GP Disease Registers. It is important to note that an increase in the recorded cases of health conditions can be interpreted as indicating a positive trend in terms of diagnosis and treatment. However, a rise in the prevalence of conditions could also highlight a potential increase in health issues which have an impact on the wellbeing of people in the District.

Stroke

Data for 2011/2012 indicated that the recorded prevalence of stroke in Cannock Chase was around 1,865 people.19 Recorded prevalence data for 2012/2013 reports that 1,776 people in the District experienced stroke or transient ischaemic attacks (TIA), showing an annual fall of almost 5% (4.8%).20

Diabetes

6.5% of people aged 17+ on GP Disease Registers in Cannock Chase were recorded as having Diabetes in 2012/2013. This was above the Staffordshire average of 6.4% and the England average of 6%. The chart below shows that Cannock Chase reported the third highest Diabetes prevalence across the Staffordshire Districts in 2012/2013.21

19 Cannock Chase District Commissioning Public Health Services Report on Commissioned Services, p. 38, Disease Prevalence Models, Public Health Observatories in England, courtesy of Staffordshire Public Health, July 2013. 20 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014). 21 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014).

Percentage 17+ on GP Disease Registers with Diabetes, 2012/2013

8% 6.8% 7.0% 6.3% 6.4% 6.5% 6.5% 7% 5.7% 6.1% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0%

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014).

The APHO Health Profile 2014 illustrates that the rate of recorded diabetes in Cannock Chase is significantly worse than the England average with a local value of 6.6 compared to an England value of 6.0.22

Asthma

Figures recorded on GP Disease Registers indicate that 5.9% of people were registered with asthma in the District in 2012/2013. The Cannock Chase prevalence was below the Staffordshire average of 6.1% and lower than the England average of 6%.23

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Statistics for 2011/2012 indicated a rise in the recorded prevalence of Hypertension (high blood pressure) since 2009/2010 to 14.7% of the Cannock Chase population on GP Disease Registers.24 This saw a further rise of 0.2% in 2012/2013, with figures showing a prevalence of 14.9%. However, whilst this was above the England average of 13.7%, it was lower than the Staffordshire

22 APHO Health Profile, Cannock Chase, 2014 http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/view.aspx?RID=116449 23 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014). 24 Cannock Chase District Commissioning Public Health Services Report on Commissioned Services, p. 37, courtesy of Staffordshire Public Health, July 2013.

18 average of 15.3% and was among the lower rates across the Staffordshire Districts in 2012/2013.25

Percentage on GP Disease Registers with Hypertension, 2012/2013 20% 18.1% 16.6% 18% 14.9% 15.0% 15.2% 15.7% 16% 13.7% 13.8% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014).

Mental Health and Dementia

The Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for the District indicates that between 20,600 and 24,600 people in the District were experiencing mental ill-health in the community.26

It is recognised that there are significant numbers of undiagnosed or unrecorded cases of people with dementia in Cannock Chase. Data for 2012/2013 indicates that the recorded prevalence of dementia on GP disease registers is 498 patients. The expected prevalence of cases of dementia in 2013 was 1092 patients, with an estimated under recording of 54%.27

25 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014). 26 Ibid. 27 Ibid.

Deprivation

Employment and Health in Households with Dependent Children

The 2011 Census indicates that there were dependent children in 30.7% of households in Cannock Chase which was above the West Midlands (30.2%) and England (29.1%) averages. In 4.1% of households with dependent children in the District no adults were in employment. This was a lower proportion than at Regional (4.8%) and National (4.2%) levels.

The proportion of households with dependent children in which no adults were in employment at the time of the 2011 Census was above the District average in seven of the fifteen Wards. The highest proportion was 7.9% in Cannock North, whilst the lowest was 1.5% in Hednesford South.

In more than 5% of households with dependent children in Cannock Chase (5.3%), one person in the household experienced a long-term health problem or disability (5.3%). This exceeded the average proportion in both the West Midlands (5.1%) and England (4.6%).

The proportion of households with dependent children in which one person in the household experienced a long-term health problem or disability at the time of the 2011 Census was similarly above the District average in seven of the fifteen Wards. The highest proportion was 7.7% in Cannock North, whilst the lowest was 3.7% in Western Springs. 28

Fuel Poverty

A household is deemed to be in fuel poverty if:

 The household has required fuel costs above the National median level.  If the household spent the required amount on fuel they would be left with a residual income below the poverty line.

Fuel poverty can be attributed to a range of factors, including the cost of energy, household income and also the energy efficiency of the property in which the household live.29

28 2011 Census Table KS106EW: Adults not in Employment and Dependent Children and Persons with Long-Term Health Problem or Disability for All Households, Office for National Statistics. 29 Department for Energy & Climate Change, Fuel Poverty Statistics, September 2013 https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/fuel-poverty-statistics

11.8% of households in Cannock Chase were deemed to be in fuel poverty in 2011 which was above the England average of 10.9%. The proportion of households in fuel poverty exceeded the District average in eight of the fifteen Cannock Chase Wards.30

Food Banks

Across the UK 913,138 people were supported by foodbanks established by The Trussel Trust in 2013-2014. The number of people helped by food banks more than doubled from 346,992 in 2012-2013. The rising number of people accessing foodbanks is attributed to the socioeconomic conditions associated with the recession of the late 2000s, such as the increasing cost of food and employment issues such as redundancy.31

The Cannock & District Foodbank was launched in October 2012. Between April 2013 and March 2014 the Foodbank collected 36,298.7 kilograms of food donated by the local community. More than 34,500 kilograms of food was distributed during this period (34,516 kg), with 2,608 adults and 1,292 children served with food parcels. Key reasons for people across the District being referred to the Foodbank during this period included changes and delays to welfare benefits, low income and debt. Two hundred people who received food vouchers from local providers were unemployed, with at least 110 people without a fixed abode.32

Health Inequality

Disability Living Allowance

Disability Living Allowance (DLA) began being replaced by Personal Independence Payment (PIP) for people aged 16 to 64 from April 2013. Figures for existing claimants of Disability Living Allowance (DLA) in 2013 indicate that 6.8% of people in Cannock Chase were claiming this benefit. This was above both the County (5.2%) and National (5.1%) averages.33

30 Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014) 31 The Trussell Trust, ‘Foodbank Stats’, http://www.trusselltrust.org/stats (accessed July 2014). 32 Cannock & District Foodbank, April 2013-March 2014, statistics courtesy of Sharon Jagger, Agency Co-ordinator, July 2014. 33 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014).

Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)/Incapacity Benefits

Benefit claimant data from the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) indicates that just over 4,000 (4,010) people in Cannock Chase were claiming Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)/Incapacity Benefits in February 2014 - 6.4% of people in the District aged 16-64. This was above the West Midlands average (6.3%) and the Great Britain average (6.2%). The Cannock Chase claimant rate saw a slight increase between November 2013 and February 2014, as did the claimant rate at Regional level.

Percentage Proportion of ESA/Incapacity Benefits Claimants (16-64), 2011-2014

7.0% 6.9% 6.8% 6.8% 6.8% 6.7% 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% 6.5% 6.5% 6.4% 6.4% 6.3% 6.3% 6.5% 6.3% 6.2% 6.2% 6.0%

5.8%

5.6%

Jul-13 Jul-12

Jun-13 Jun-12

Apr-12 Apr-13

Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-14

Feb-12 Feb-13 Feb-14

Sep-12 Sep-13

Oct-12 Oct-13

Mar-12 Mar-13

Nov-11 Nov-12 Nov-13

Aug-12 Aug-13

Dec-11 Dec-12 Dec-13

May-12 May-13

Cannock Chase West Midlands Great Britain

Data Source: DWP Benefit Claimants, NOMIS Labour Market Profile for Cannock Chase, Office for National Statistics. Percentage is a proportion of resident population aged 16-64.

Statistics relating to the proportion of claimants for benefits associated with disability and long-term health conditions indicates the prevalence of health inequalities in Cannock Chase.

The chart below illustrates the change in the proportion of claimants for ESA/Incapacity Benefits in the Cannock Chase Wards between February 2013 and February 2014.

Percentage Proportion of ESA Claimants (16-64), February 2013-February 2014 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0%

7.7% Brereton and Ravenhill 7.7% 8.7% Cannock East 8.7% 10.5% Cannock North 10.4% 10.6% Cannock South 10.4% 4.9% Cannock West 4.9% 6.1% Etching Hill and The Heath 5.9% 7.4% Hagley 7.4% 2.6% Hawks Green 2.5% 5.7% Heath Hayes East and Wimblebury 5.2% 4.7% Hednesford Green Heath 4.4% 8.5% Hednesford North 8.3% 3.7% Hednesford South 3.4% 6.4% Norton Canes 5.8% 5.8% Rawnsley 5.8% 6.1% Western Springs 6.3%

Feb-13 Feb-14

Data Source: DWP Benefit Claimants, NOMIS Labour Market Profile for Cannock Chase, Office for National Statistics. Percentage is a proportion of resident population aged 16-64.

The chart shows that, whilst the proportion of claimants was above the District average of 6.4% in a number of Wards, the proportion was below this rate in nine Wards in February 2014. Furthermore, a number of Wards saw a fall in the proportion of claimants over the twelve months between February 2013 to February 2014.

Employment and Long-Term Conditions

The Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase identifies that the employment rate for people with long-term health conditions was more than 13% lower than that of the working age population as a whole in the District in 2012 (13.2%). This was the second highest gap in employment rate across Staffordshire and above both the County (8%) and National (7.1%) averages.34

Percentage Gap in Employment Rate for People with Long-Term Conditions, 2012 16.0% 13.5% 14.0% 13.2% 12.0% 10.9% 9.9% 10.0% 7.6% 8.0%

6.0%

4.0% 2.4% 2.9% 2.0% -0.2% 0.0%

-2.0%

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014).

Combined with evidence of relatively high proportions of people claiming welfare benefits for illness and disability in the District, this data highlights evidence of barriers to labour market participation experienced by people with long-term health conditions.

34 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014).

Lifestyle

Physical Activity

A report by the Department of Health, Start Active, Stay Active identifies a ‘clear inverse relationship between physical activity and cardiorespiratory risk’, reporting strong evidence that physical activity can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease and stroke by around 20% to 35%. The risk of colon cancer is lowered by 30% for adults doing daily physical activity and the risk of breast cancer reduced by 20%. The report draws attention to strong evidence of a 30% to 40% lower risk of type 2 diabetes in at least moderately active people compared to those who are sedentary.35

Of the 500 respondents to the Sport England Active People Survey 7 (2012- 2013) in Cannock Chase, 30% participated in thirty minutes moderate intensity sport once a week (at least 4 sessions in the previous 28 days). This showed an increase on figures for 2011-2012, although remained below participation levels during the period 2005-2011.

Adult Participation in 30 Minutes Moderate Intensity Sport (1 session a week - at least 4 sessions of at least moderate intensity for at least 30 minutes in the previous 28 days) Cannock Chase, 2005-2013 35% 34% 33.7% 33% 33.3% 33.2% 32% 32.1% 31% 31.1% 30% 30.0% 29% 28% 28.4% 27% 26% 25% APS 1 (Oct APS 2 (Oct APS 3 (Oct APS 4 (Oct APS 5 (Oct APS 6 (Oct APS 7 (Oct 2005-Oct 2007-Oct 2008-Oct 2009-Oct 2010-Oct 2011-Oct 2012-Oct 2006) 2008) 2009) 2010) 2011) 2012) 2013)

Data Source: Sport England, Active People Survey 7 October 2012 – October 2013, Sports Participation Indicator (16+) http://www.sportengland.org/research/who-plays-sport/

35 Department of Health, Start Active, Stay Active (2011) https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/216370/dh _128210.pdf

The proportion of participants in Cannock Chase was below a National rate of 35.7%, a West Midlands rate of 33.3% and a Staffordshire rate of 34.1%.

Weekly Participation in Moderate Intensity Sport, 2012-2013

West Staffordshire England

Cannock Midlands Chase 34.1% 35.7%

33.3% 30%

Data Source: Sport England, Active People Survey 7 October 2012 – October 2013, Sports Participation Indicator (16+) http://www.sportengland.org/research/who-plays-sport/

The proportion of respondents who answered that they did not participate in any sport was 6.3% higher in Cannock Chase (52.8%) than in Staffordshire more widely (46.5%) between 2011 and 2013.36

The Health Impact of Physical Inactivity (HIPI) Indicator (March 2013) illustrates that around 4.6% of emergency hospital admissions for coronary heart disease in Cannock Chase could be preventable if 100% of the population aged 40-79 participated in the levels of physical activity recommended by the four Home Countries Chief Medical Officers.37 Around 3% (2.9%) of cases could be preventable if 75% of the 40-79 population engaged in this level of physical activity.

The Indicator illustrates that 20% of new cases of colorectal cancer could be preventable if 100% of the population aged 40-79 participated in the recommended levels of physical activity. Just over 13% (13.3%) of cases could be preventable if 75% of the 40-79 population engaged in this level of physical activity.38

36 Sport England, Active People Survey 7 October 2012 – October 2013, Sports Participation Indicator (16+) http://www.sportengland.org/research/who-plays-sport/ 37 The recommended level of physical activity is 30 minutes moderate intensity activity on at least five days per week (amounting to 150 minutes per week). See Department of Health, Start Active, Stay Active (2011) https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/216370/dh _128210.pdf 38 Public Health England, Health Impact of Physical Inactivity http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/view.aspx?RID=123459.

Evidence that the proportion of respondents to the Sport England Active People Survey who participate in physical activity is lower than County, Regional and National averages in Cannock Chase highlights the potential prevalence of health implications associated with physical inactivity in the District.

However, the Sport England Local Sport Profile for Cannock Chase identifies that more than 50% of respondents to the Active People Survey 7 (2012-2013) wanted to do more sport, including 17.7% of inactive adults. The most popular sport which respondents wanted to do was swimming.39

16.5% of respondents to the Sport England Active People Survey in Cannock Chase 2012/2013 had participated in sporting activity through club membership in the last four weeks. This was below the West Midlands average of 19.7% and the England average of 21%. However, participation through tuition/coaching proved more popular in the District, with 17.7% of respondents having engaged in physical activity by receiving tuition or coaching in the last twelve months. This was above both the West Midlands (15.8%) and England (15.8%) averages for 2012/2013.40

Obesity

Obesity is associated with health issues including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.41 Statistics indicate that men and women who are overweight or obese are less likely to meet physical activity guidelines for participation in at least moderate intensity activity with obese men and women having ‘the highest rates of low activity’.42 30.3% of adults in Cannock Chase were estimated to be obese in 2012. This was the second highest proportion in Staffordshire and was above both the Staffordshire (24.4%) and England (23.0%) averages.43

39 Sport England Local Sport Profile: Cannock Chase Participation Profile, 2014 http://www.sportengland.org/our-work/local-work/local-government/local-sport-profile/ 40 Ibid. 41 Public Health England: National Obesity Observatory www.noo.org.uk/NOO_about_obesity; Health & Social Care Information Centre, Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England 2014 (February 2014). 42 Health & Social Care Information Centre, Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England 2014 (February 2014). 43 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014).

Obesity in Adults, 2012

35% 30.3% 31.0% 30% 27.4% 23.2% 23.5% 24.1% 25% 21.4% 20% 18.0% 15% 10% 5% 0%

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014).

The prevalence of overweight (including obese) children of Reception age was above the England average in Cannock Chase in 2012/2013 with a local value of 27.3 compared to an England benchmark of 22.2. The prevalence of overweight (including obese) children of Year 6 age was also above the National average during the same period, with a local value of 36.4 compared to an England benchmark of 33.3.44

Reception Age Children, 2012-2013 Year 6 Children, 2012-2013

Cannock Cannock England England Chase Chase

27.3 22.2 36.4 33.3

44 Public Health Profiles: NCMP Local Authority Profile, Cannock Chase http://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/national-child-measurement-programme/data.

Smoking and Alcohol

Smoking increases the risk of a range of health conditions, including 90% of lung cancers as well as respiratory conditions and diseases associated with the heart and blood circulation. It is estimated that around 100,000 people die in the UK each year from smoking-related illnesses.45

The Local Tobacco Control Profile for Cannock Chase shows that smoking attributable mortality (2010-2012) was statistically worse than the England benchmark at a rate of 362.5 compared to a benchmark of 291.9.46

Data from the Integrated Household Survey indicates a smoking prevalence rate of 27.8% for Cannock Chase during 2012 which was statistically worse than the England benchmark of 19.5.47 However, provisional figures for smoking cessation 2012/2013 indicate that the rate of people who quit smoking at four weeks exceeded both the Staffordshire and England averages in Cannock Chase.48

Rate of People Quitting Smoking at Four-Weeks per 1,000 (2012/2013)

Cannock England Chase Staffordshire

45.8 44.5 42.9

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014).

Regular intake of alcohol which exceeds the recommended daily limits can lead to serious health problems including an increased risk of cancers and heart attack.49

45 NHS Choices http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/2344.aspx?CategoryID=53 46 Public Health England, Local Tobacco Control Profile for the West Midlands Region http://www.tobaccoprofiles.info/profile/tobacco- control/data#gid/1000110/pat/6/ati/101/page/0/par/E12000005/are/E08000025 47 Ibid. 48 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014). 49 NHS Livewell http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/alcohol/Pages/Effectsofalcohol.aspx

The 2014 Local Alcohol Profile for Cannock Chase shows that, as in previous years, the District had a significantly worse rate than England for alcohol- specific hospital admission among under 18s. However, the rate of alcohol related admissions to hospital per 100,000 in the District during 2012/2013 (1,893) was below the England average of 1,950.50 Furthermore, alcohol- specific hospital admission among males in the District was significantly lower than the England average in 2014.51

50 Staffordshire County Council, Health and Wellbeing Profile 2014 for Cannock Chase District Council (March 2014). 51 Local Alcohol Profiles for England (LAPE): Cannock Chase 2014 http://www.lape.org.uk/LAProfile.aspx?reg=X25002AE

Place: Improved Living Environment

Waste and Recycling

The rate of household waste recycled in Cannock Chase during 2012/2013 was 53.3% which showed an increase of 1.1% on levels of recycling in 2011/2012 (52.2%).52 Figures for 2013/2014 show a slight decrease to 52%, although this should be set in the context of the decline in green waste sent for composting at National level at the start of 2013 as a result of bad weather conditions.53 DEFRA identifies that the amount of waste recycled has stabilised over the last two years following the rapid rise which accompanied the expansion of local authority recycling collection schemes.54 Cannock Chase Council has continued to undertake roadshows and school visits to promote recycling during 2013/2014.55

Living Environment

Respondents to the ‘Feeling the Difference’ public confidence survey in Cannock Chase identified that health services, affordable housing, crime levels and good schools were strengths to be maintained in the District in October 2013. Priorities and calls for improvement related to roads and pavements, activities for young people, employment opportunities, shopping facilities, public transport and clean streets.56

Urban/Rural Classification

2011 data from DEFRA indicates that 51% of land in Cannock Chase was urban. Cannock Chase and Tamworth had the highest proportion of urban land across the Staffordshire Districts.57

52 Cannock Chase Council, Annual Performance Report, 2012-2013. 53 Cannock Chase Council, Annual Performance Report, 2013-2014; DEFRA, Statistics on Waste Managed by Local Authorities in England in 2012/13 (November 2013). 54 DEFRA, Statistics on Waste Managed by Local Authorities in England in 2012/13 (November 2013). 55 Cannock Chase Council, Annual Performance Report, 2013-2014. 56 Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Community Safety Profile, 2014 (January 2014). 57 Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014)

Percentage of Urban Land (Urban/Rural Classification), 2011 100% 95% 90% 80% 70% 60% 51% 50% 40% 30% 24% 16% 20% 10% 11% 13% 13% 10% 0%

Data Source: DEFRA, 2011 cited in Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014)

Brownfield/Greenfield Development

Promoting development on Brownfield (or previously developed) land is fundamental to sustainable land use, supporting socioeconomic regeneration and protecting the environment by reducing pressure on Greenfield land.58 The Cannock Chase Local Development Framework Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) provides an insight into Brownfield/Greenfield Development Trends in the District. The percentage of developments on previously developed land (Brownfield) as opposed to Greenfield land has fluctuated year on year between 2006/07 and 2013/14, from 57% to 99%.59

58 Environment Agency, Brownfield Land Redevelopment, http://www.environment- agency.gov.uk/research/library/position/41237.aspx 59 Cannock Chase District Council, Cannock Chase Local Development Framework Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA), May 2012 and August 2013. Years 2006/07- 2009/10 includes garden land within the definition of previously developed land (PDL) as per national planning policy. Following updated National policy in 2010, figures for 2010/11 onwards exclude residential garden land within the definition. The effect of the redefinition of garden land as Greenfield land upon the years prior to 2010/11 is not expected to have a significant effect upon the overall trends.

Percentage of Developments on Previously Developed Land (PDL/Brownfield Land)

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

78% 60% 85% 81% 99% 57% 80% 87%

Source: Cannock Chase Council, Cannock Chase Local Development Framework Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA), June 2014.

The table above indicates a trend of continued increase in the percentage of developments on previously developed land between 2012/13 and 2013/14. The relatively high rate of Greenfield land development indicated by figures for 2011/12 is attributed to the development of a single Greenfield site adjacent to Brindley Pumping Station, Rugeley. The SHLAA anticipates that, without this site, the percentage of developments on Brownfield land would have been in the region of 85% in 2011/12 and 95% in the year 2012/13. The latest SHLAA published in June 2014 identifies ‘a generally high rate of Brownfield land development’ between 2006/07 and 2013/14, with an average of 78% of all completions being on Brownfield land.60

Air Quality

Reducing air quality pollution has benefits for the health of people in Cannock Chase and supports the welfare of the District’s living environment. Currently there are two areas where air pollution exceeds national air quality objectives. Both of these are located on the A5 Watling Street, and relate to values of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) above the annual mean objective. Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) have been declared in order to tackle this issue. The 2014 Air Quality Progress Report identifies that the latest monitoring data has not shown additional locations of air quality pollution in the District, with a decrease in pollution levels from sites along the A5 Watling Street between Bridgtown and Norton Canes since 2009/10. No episodes of elevated sulphur dioxide were recorded in the ten month period during which monitoring took place. Scheduled improvements at the Churchbridge junction of the A5 with the A34 due to be completed in 2015 have the

60 Cannock Chase Council, Cannock Chase Local Development Framework Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA), June 2014, p. 79.

33 potential to decrease traffic congestion and subsequently reduce NO2 levels in this area.61

Climate Change

A reduction in greenhouse gases is a key element in decreasing the impact of climate change and supporting both the health of residents and the welfare of the local environment.62 Figures for 2012 indicate that Cannock Chase’s per capita carbon dioxide emissions were the second lowest in Staffordshire.

Total Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 2012 14 13 12 9.7 10 9.3 7.6 7.6 8.1 8 6 4.8 5 4 2 0

Data Source: Local Authority Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2012: Staffordshire Districts. Data courtesy of Anthony Morris, Recycling and Climate Change Officer, Cannock Chase Council. Sourced from Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), June 2014.

Whilst emissions from domestic sources saw a slight increase between 2011 and 2012, the District’s carbon dioxide emissions from industrial and commercial sources and transport have fallen since 2007.63 Total emissions in the District were higher by 0.2 in 2012 compared to 2011 figures, but remain below the rate of emissions in 2005-2010.

61 Cannock Chase Council, 2014 Air Quality Progress Report for Cannock Chase Council (April 2014). Information courtesy of Stephen Moore, Pollution Control Officer, Cannock Chase Council. 62 West Midlands Public Health Observatory, Climate Change and Health, http://www.wmpho.org.uk/topics/climatechangeandhealth.aspx 63 Local Authority Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2012: Staffordshire Districts. Data courtesy of Anthony Morris, Recycling and Climate Change Officer, Cannock Chase Council. Sourced from Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), June 2014.

Housing

Housing data for 2013-2014 indicates a total of 5,356 local authority owned dwellings in Cannock Chase as listed in the table below:

Type of Dwelling Number Bedsits 56 One Bedroom 2,171 Two Bedrooms 1,470 Three Bedrooms 1,603 Four Bedrooms 55 Five Bedrooms 1 Total 5,356

Data Source: Local Authority Housing Statistics 2013-2014 (DCLG), Courtesy of James Morgan, Housing Strategy Officer, Cannock Chase Council.

363 dwellings received work to prevent them from becoming non-decent in terms of Decent Homes Standard delivery in 2013-2014. Cannock Chase Council received 57 Right to Buy (RTB) applications during this period with 27 RTB sales completed.64

Affordable housing completions totaled 102 in 2013-2014, exceeding the annual target of 51. These were delivered through a range of different tenure types including social rent, shared ownership, affordable rent and Help to Buy. Six of the completions were delivered through the Mortgage Rescue Scheme, whereby Registered Providers assisted households in mortgage difficulties by buying and then renting back their properties. There was also one completion through the Council’s programme for the re-purchase of vacant former Council properties – a two bed house which was re-let for social rent.65

Housing Requirements

Cannock Chase Council’s Submission Local Plan Part 1 (May 2013) set a target of 5,300 dwellings (241 dwellings per annum) as part of a wider south east Staffordshire partnership approach to meeting housing needs.66 It has

64 Local Authority Housing Statistics 2013-2014 (DCLG), Courtesy of James Morgan, Housing Strategy Officer, Cannock Chase Council. 65 Affordable Housing Delivery 2013-2014, Courtesy of James Morgan, Housing Strategy Officer, Cannock Chase Council. 66 Cannock Chase District Council, Cannock Chase Local Development Framework Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA), August 2013, p. 22.

35 been identified in the Strategic Housing Market Assessment that Cannock Chase should provide between 250 and 280 dwellings per annum between 2006 and 2028 as part of the 900-955 dwellings per annum recommended for the south east Staffordshire area.67

The District’s Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) published in June 2014 provides an overview of the progress on housing delivery in Cannock Chase since 2006/07:

Net Dwelling Completions, Cannock Chase, 2006-2014

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

558 340 242 179 263 43 168 262

Data Source: Cannock Chase District Council, Cannock Chase Local Development Framework Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA), June 2014, p. 26.

The table above illustrates that 2,055 dwellings have been completed since 2006 – an average of 257 dwellings per annum. This leaves a residual requirement of 3,245 dwellings equivalent to 232 completions per annum.68

Housing Market

The overall average house price in Cannock Chase for the quarter April to June 2014 was £149,385. This was around £25,000 (£25,252) lower than the Staffordshire average for the same period (£174,637), and was also below both the West Midlands (£182,045) and the National (England and Wales) averages (£256,615). The Cannock Chase average house price was the second lowest in Staffordshire at the end of June 2014 after Newcastle-under- Lyme (£146, 985).69

67 Ibid. Note that as part of the South East Staffordshire strategy, a portion of the District’s housing needs at Rugeley and Brereton are to be met through provision in Lichfield District (equivalent to 500 homes at the East of Rugeley Strategic Development Allocation proposed in the Submission Lichfield District Local Plan. See SHLAA, August 2013, pp. 22-23. 68 Cannock Chase District Council, Cannock Chase Local Development Framework Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA), June 2014, p. 26. 69 HM Land Registry House Prices, West Midlands Region, Qtr. Ending June 2014 (August 2014).

Average House Price, April-June 2014

Cannock West England Staffordshire Chase Midlands and Wales £174, 637 £149, 385 £182, 045 £256, 615

Data Source: HM Land Registry House Prices, West Midlands Region, Qtr. Ending June 2014 (August 2014).

The average house price at District level saw an annual increase of 4.2% which was below the increase at County, Regional and National levels between June 2013 and June 2014 (Staffordshire 4.3%, West Midlands 5%, England and Wales, 5.9%).

The chart below shows the average property prices for different types of dwellings in Cannock Chase, Staffordshire, the West Midlands and England and Wales for the quarter April to June 2014.

Average Property Prices, Apr-Jun 2014

£344,438

£282,277

£274,581

£400,000 £244,861

£214,225 £211,278 £203,530 £350,000

£162,510

£149,773

£137,014

£125,430

£123,656 £300,000 £123,373

£120,753 £104,516

£250,000

£81,244

£200,000

£150,000

£100,000

£50,000 Detached Semi-Detached Terraced Flat/Maisonette Cannock Chase Staffordshire West Midlands England and Wales

Data Source: HM Land Registry House Prices, West Midlands Region, Qtr. Ending June 2014 (August 2014).

The house price for detached, semi-detached and flat/maisonette households was lower in Cannock Chase than in Staffordshire, the West Midlands and England and Wales. However, the price for a terraced property in the District was above the Staffordshire average at £125,430 compared to £123,656.

There were 415 overall property sales in Cannock Chase between April and June 2014, with the majority of sales being for semi-detached properties (152). The pie charts below illustrate that detached and semi-detached properties comprised a larger proportion of overall sales in the District than at National level during this period.

Property Sales in Cannock Chase, Apr-Jun 2014

Flat/Maisonette 6.3%

Detached Terraced 21.9% 35.2%

Semi-detached 36.6%

Property Sales in England and Wales, Apr-Jun 2014

Flat/Maisonette 19.8% Detached 24.1%

Semi- Terraced 29.7% detached 26.5%

Data Source: HM Land Registry House Prices, West Midlands Region, Qtr. Ending June 2014 (August 2014)

Housing Affordability

It is possible to consider the affordability of housing in Cannock Chase by comparing the average house price in the District to average income. It is important to note that there is a difference in time frame between the latest available data relating to house price and income. Average house price figures relate to the period April-June 2014, whilst the latest available data relating to average annual pay for all employee jobs is for 2013. However, these datasets can be compared to provide an indication of the difference between average income and house price.70

Comparing the average house price in Cannock Chase for April-June 2014 (£149,385) to the average annual pay for all employee jobs in the District in 2013 (£21, 830) indicates that the average house price is 6.8 times higher than the average annual income. However, this was a smaller difference than at County, Regional and National levels.

How many times greater is average house price than average annual income?

England and West Staffordshire Wales Cannock Midlands Chase 6.8 7.4 7.5 9.3

Data Source: Office for National Statistics, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 2013 Provisional Results; HM Land Registry House Prices, West Midlands Region, Qtr. Ending June 2014 (August 2014).

70 Office for National Statistics, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 2013 Provisional Results; HM Land Registry House Prices, West Midlands Region, Qtr. Ending June 2014 (August 2014).

Community Safety

The 2014 Community Safety Profile for Cannock Chase identifies that low crime levels are considered to be the most important aspect of making somewhere a good place to live. 71

All recorded crime in Cannock Chase in 2012/2013 saw a reduction of 8% on the previous year and a reduction of 28.4% over the past six years. Reported incidents of Anti-Social Behaviour (ASB) in 2012/2013 saw a reduction of 14.3% on the previous year and a reduction of 55.2% over the past six years since 2007/2008.

Trend in All Recorded Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour, Cannock Chase, 2007-2013 8,500 7,454 7,500 7,030 6,805 6,508 6,500 5,803 5,340 5,500 5,721 5,486 4,500

3,500 4,729 3,590 2,500 2,992 2,564

1,500 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 All Recorded Crime Anti-Social Behaviour (ASB)

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Community Safety Profile 2014 (January 2014).

Cannock Chase has seen a 30% (29.7%) reduction in violent crime since 2007/2008 and a fall of 40% in serious acquisitive crime, including domestic burglary, vehicle crime and robbery. Whilst the rate of alcohol related violent

71 All data relating to community safety in Cannock Chase sourced from Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Community Safety Profile, 2014 (January 2014).

crime in Cannock Chase was above the County average, there was a 4.1% reduction in these offences in the District between 2011/2012 and 2012/2013.

Annual Change in Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour, Cannock Chase, 2012/2013 0% -10% -10.3% -7.3% -17.5% -9.1% -20% -23.3% -20.0% -18.9% -30% -29.8% -26.2% -28.3% -40% -38.4% -36.9% -50%

-60% -70% -80% -77.5% -90%

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Community Safety Profile, 2014 (January 2014).

Community Safety in the Cannock Chase Wards

The rate of crime per 1,000 residents was above the District rate of 52.1 in Cannock South (116.5), Brereton and Ravenhill (109.7), Western Springs (72.2) and Cannock West (59.7) Wards in 2012/2013. Rates of anti-social behaviour were above the District rate of 26 in Cannock East (29.5), Cannock North (28.6) and Cannock South (64.3), Hednesford North (37.9) and Western Springs (42.2).72

72 Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014). Please note that there are slight numerical differences between the District rate cited in Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Community Safety Profile, 2014 (January 2014) and the District rate cited in Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014).

Perceptions of Community Safety

The percentage of respondents to the ‘Feeling the Difference’ public confidence survey in Cannock Chase who reported feeling safe in the District during the day increased to almost 99% (98.7%) in October 2013. 73 Whilst the percentage of respondents who felt safe after dark was lower at 81% (80.8%), this percentage has seen an increase on results from 2011. Furthermore, around two thirds of respondents in the District did not feel that there were any significant problems in the local area. People using or dealing drugs was identified as the most significant issue with around a quarter of respondents (24%) recognising this issue as a fairly big or big problem.

Key findings from ‘Feeling the Difference’, Waves 12-15, 2011-2013

98.7% 80.8% 8.2% Have Been a Feel Safe Feel Safe after Victim of/ during the Day Dark Witnessed a Crime

Young People and Community Safety

More than 600 young people from Cannock Chase took part in the Staffordshire-wide ‘What do you Think?’ survey in Summer 2013. The survey identified that younger people are most likely to feel safe at home and school, but feel less safe ‘Online’ (when using the Internet).74

73 All data relating to the ‘Feeling the Difference’ public confidence survey sourced from Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Community Safety Profile, 2014 (January 2014). 74 Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Community Safety Profile, 2014 (January 2014).

Prosperity: Economic Resilience

Educational Attainment

Educational attainment has important implications for determining students’ success in further education and the labour market, providing ‘a useful indicator of future skills’.75

Key Stage 1, 2012-2013 (Years 1 and 2, Pupil Ages 5-7 years)

89% of pupils eligible for Key Stage 1 assessment in Cannock Chase achieved Level 2+ in reading which was above the West Midlands average (88%) and the same as the England average (89%). The proportion of students who obtained Level 2+ in Mathematics (90%) was slightly below the West Midlands and England averages (91%). However, 85% of pupils obtained Level 2+ in writing which was in line with both the Regional and National averages and 90% achieved Level 2+ in Science. This was above the West Midlands average of 89% and the same as the England average of 90%.76

Key Stage 1 Attainment in Cannock Chase 2012-2013

Level 2+ Level 2+ Level 2+ Level 2+ Reading Writing Maths Science 89% 85% 90% 90%

Data Source: National Curriculum Assessments at Key Stage 1, Sept 2012-Aug 2013, Cannock Chase, Neighbourhood Statistics.

75 HM Government, Opening Doors, Breaking Barriers: A Strategy for Social Mobility: Update on Progress Since April 2011, May 2012 http://www.dpm.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files_dpm/resources/HMG_SocialMobility _acc.pdf ; Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase District Profile, 2012. 76 National Curriculum Assessments at Key Stage 1, Sept 2012-Aug 2013, Cannock Chase, Neighbourhood Statistics.

Key Stage 2, 2012-2013 (Years 3-6, Pupil Ages 7-11 years)

73% of pupils eligible for Key Stage 2 assessment in Cannock Chase achieved Level 4+ in Reading, Writing and Mathematics. This was slightly below the West Midlands average (74%) and the England average (75%).77

GCSE (Key Stage 4), 2012-2013 (Years 10 and 11, Pupil Ages 14-16 years)

GCSE attainment in Cannock Chase has seen an improving trend since 2006/07. Figures for 2012/13 show an increase of almost 20% (18.8%) since 2006/07, with 56.7% of pupils achieving 5+ A*-C GCSEs (including English and Mathematics).78 However, as the chart below illustrates, the percentage of pupils meeting this level of attainment continues to fall below the Regional (West Midlands) and National (England) comparators.

Percentage of Pupils 5+ A*-C GCSEs inc. England and Maths, 2006-2013 65% 60.6% 58.8% 60% 58.2% 55.1% 59.9% 58.8% 55% 57.4% 50.7% 56.7% 54.3% 50% 47.8% 52.6% 45.5% 51.2% 48.5% 45% 47.3% 46.2% 40% 43.4% 43.0% 41.1% 35% 37.9%

30% 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 Cannock Chase West Midlands England

Data Source: GCSE and Equivalent Results for Young People by Gender, Referenced by Location of Pupil Residence, Cannock Chase, Neighbourhood Statistics.

77 National Curriculum Assessments at Key Stage 2, Sept 2012-Aug 2013, Cannock Chase, Neighbourhood Statistics. 78 GCSE and Equivalent Results for Young People by Gender, Referenced by Location of Pupil Residence, Neighbourhood Statistics.

Post 16 Education

The proportion of students achieving two or more passes of A-Level equivalent size has fluctuated in Cannock Chase between 2008 and 2013, and has seen a downward trend at both Regional and National levels during the same period. 83.1% of students in Cannock Chase achieved two or more passes of A-Level equivalent size in 2012-2013 which was lower than the West Midlands (90%) and England (91.7%) averages.79

From 2013 school students are required to remain in education or training until the end of the academic year in which they are seventeen, with a rise to eighteen by 2015. This can include full-time education at school or college, an apprenticeship or traineeship or part-time education combined with employment or volunteering of 20 hours or more per week. This has the potential to impact on post-16 participation and attainment in the District.80

Apprenticeships

There were 712 Apprenticeship Programme Starts in Cannock Chase in 2013. This showed an increase of 9.2% on figures for 2012 when there were 652 Apprenticeship Programme Starts in the District.81

Disadvantage and Educational Attainment

‘Children from the most disadvantaged backgrounds – those eligible for free school meals – are less likely to achieve the expected level of attainment at each stage in the education system or to progress to higher education’.82

The rate of pupils in receipt of Free School Meals (FSM) per 1,000 residents was 20.5 in Cannock Chase in 2013, although rates differed across the District’s fifteen Wards, as shown in the table below.83

79 GCS/Applied GCE A/AS and Equivalent Examination Results (Level 3) for Young People by Gender, Referenced by Location of Student Residence, Cannock Chase, Neighbourhood Statistics. 80 GOV.UK ‘School Leaving Age’, https://www.gov.uk/know-when-you-can-leave-school [accessed June 2014]. See also http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/parents/education_after_16/ 81 Staffordshire Observatory, Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent LEP Dashboard http://ias.staffordshireobservatory.org.uk/IAS/dataviews/report?reportId=389&viewId=519&g eoReportId=6161&geoId=50&geoSubsetId=25 82 HM Government, Opening Doors, Breaking Barriers: A Strategy for Social Mobility: Update on Progress Since April 2011, May 2012 http://www.dpm.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files_dpm/resources/HMG_SocialMobility _acc.pdf

Rate of Pupils in Receipt of Free School Meals per 1,000 Residents, 2013

Ward: Free School Meals (Rate per Difference from 1,000 Residents), District Average Brereton and Ravenhill 25.7 +5.2 Cannock East 24.6 +4.1 Cannock North 44.7 +24.2 Cannock South 29.7 +9.2 Cannock West 8.9 -11.6 Etching Hill and The 20.4 -0.1 Heath Hagley 28.8 +8.3 Hawks Green 8.4 -12.1 Heath Hayes East and 14.7 -5.8 Wimblebury Hednesford Green 13.2 -7.3 Heath Hednesford North 23.1 +2.6 Hednesford South 7.9 -12.6 Norton Canes 18.3 -2.2 Rawnsley 14.7 -5.8 Western Springs 19.0 -1.5

Key: = Lower = Higher

Data Source: Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014). Data sourced from the School Census, January 2013.

Whilst the majority of Wards had a rate below the District average, the proportion of pupils claiming Free School Meals was above the Cannock Chase rate in six Wards in 2013.

A gap in attainment was evident between pupils in receipt of Free School Meals and those who were not at different stages of National Curriculum assessment in 2012-2013. The chart below shows the gap in attainment across the different curriculum areas of Key Stage 1 Assessment during this period.

83 Staffordshire County Council, Cannock Chase Enhanced District Profile, 2014 (February 2014). Data sourced from the School Census, January 2013.

Key Stage 1 Assessment: FSM and Non-FSM Pupils, 2012-2013 100% 92% 93% 92% 88% 90% 76% 79% 80% 72% 67% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Level 2+ in Reading Level 2+ in Writing Level 2+ in Level 2+ in Science Mathematics FSM Pupils Non-FSM Pupils

Data Source: National Curriculum Assessments at Key Stage 1 by Free School Meal Eligibility, Sept 2012-Aug 2013, Cannock Chase, Neighbourhood Statistics.

A gap in attainment has been evident in Key Stage 2 Assessment over the period 2009-2013.

Key Stage 2 Assessment: Pupils Achieving Level 4+ in Reading, Writing and Mathematics 80% 76% 76% 68% 70% 66% 60% 56% 49% 50% 40% 40% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 FSM Pupils Non-FSM Pupils

Data Source: National Curriculum Assessments at Key Stage 2 by Free School Meal Eligibility, Sept 2012-Aug 2013, Cannock Chase, Neighbourhood Statistics.

Whilst GCSE attainment has increased in Cannock Chase between 2006 and 2013, the chart below illustrates that a gap of more than 25% (25.6%) remains between attainment levels among Key Stage Four pupils in receipt of Free School Meals and those who are not. This is a larger gap than was evident in GCSE results in 2011/12 when the proportion of FSM pupils attaining 5+ A*-C grades at GCSE (including English and Mathematics) was 24.8% lower than the proportion of Non-FSM pupils obtaining these qualifications.

GCSE Attainment (5+ A*-C Including English and Mathematics) FSM and Non-FSM Pupils, 2006-2013 70%

59.5% 60% 55.5% 54.1% 50.4% 56.7% 50% 45.3% 52.6% 43.4% 51.2% 2012/13 Gap of 39.7% 47.3% 25.6% 40% 43.0% 41.1% 37.9%

30% 33.9% 30.7%

25.2% 20% 20.8% 19.5%

10% 14.0% 13.5%

0% 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13

All Pupils FSM Pupils Non-FSM Pupils

Data Source: GCSE and Equivalent Results for Young People by Free School Meal Eligibility, Sept 2012-Aug 2013, Cannock Chase, Neighbourhood Statistics.

Evidence of the attainment gap between FSM and Non-FSM pupils illustrates the impact of disadvantage on educational achievement and highlights the potential consequences of this inequality for the social and economic prospects of FSM pupils.

School Performance

School performance statistics for 2013 indicate a trend of improvement in GCSE attainment levels across the majority of the District’s secondary schools when compared with 2012. Two of the District’s secondary schools have seen a fall in attainment between 2012 and 2013, although five schools have seen a rise in the proportion of pupils achieving 5+ A*-C grades at GCSE including English and Mathematics.

Percentage of Pupils in Cannock Chase Secondary Schools achieving 5+ A*-C GCSEs (or equivalent) including English and Mathematics

Cannock Chase 2010 2011 2012 2013 Secondary Schools

Staffordshire University Academy* N/A N/A 43% 50%

Cannock Chase High School 46% 48% 59% 56%

Cardinal Griffin Catholic High School 60% 66% 52% 69%

Fair Oak Academy* N/A N/A 55% 63%

Hagley Park Academy* N/A N/A 50% 53%

Kingsmead Technology College 55% 52% 61% 63%

Norton Canes High School 44% 48% 51% 34%

* Pre-2012 results are not available for Staffordshire University Academy, Fair Oak Academy and Hagley Park Academy as these schools became Academies in 2012. Data Source: The Department for Education: School and Local Statistics Performance Tables, KS4 Performance Tables Year on Year Comparisons: Percentage achieving 5+ A*-C GCSEs (or equivalent) including English and Mathematics.

Figures for 2013 show that the majority of secondary schools across Cannock Chase are performing above the current Secondary School Floor Standard

(2013) of 40% pupils achieving 5+ A*-C Grades at GCSE including English and Mathematics.84

Adult Skills

The UK Commission for Employment and Skills projects an increasing supply and demand for higher level qualifications in the labour market of the future.85 With reference to this, it is positive that data from the Annual Population Survey shows the proportion of Cannock Chase residents aged 16-64 with no qualifications fell from 13.3% in 2012 to 10.9% in 2013.86 Furthermore, the chart below shows that the proportion of residents with qualifications equivalent to NVQ 4 and above increased during the same period.

84 Department for Education, School Quality: Impact Indicator 17: Number of Secondary Schools Below the Floor Standard, 2013. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/294016/Im pact_indicator_17_2013_update_final.pdf (accessed July 2014) 85 UKCES, Working Futures 2012-2022 (March 2014), p. 96, p. 117. 86 All qualifications data with the exception of data from the 2011 Census taken from the Office for National Statistics Annual Population Survey. Percentage is proportion of resident population aged 16-64. Note that percentages and categories from Annual Population Survey data are not comparable with those included in 2011 Census data. The Annual Population Survey, a sample-based survey, has low confidence levels at District geography. Statistics published on the basis of this survey should be considered in the context of such issues of statistical reliability and as an indicator of trends.

% 16-64 with NVQ 4+ Qualifications, 2009-2013 40% 34.4% 35.2% 35% 32.9% 31.3% 29.9% 30% 27.8% 28.4% 26.0% 26.3% 24.7% 25% 23.4% 20.3% 20% 16.7% 16.3%

15% 12.8%

10% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Cannock Chase West Midlands Great Britain

Data Source: Annual Population Survey, NOMIS, Office for National Statistics. Percentage proportion of resident population aged 16-64.

However, as the chart illustrates, the proportion of residents qualified to NVQ 4 and above remained below Regional and National comparators during the period 2009 to 2013. Evidence that the proportion of people in Cannock Chase attaining higher level qualifications is lower than the Regional and National averages could indicate potential issues relating to the accessibility of the future labour market for residents in the District.

Occupation and Earnings

It is possible to consider occupations among Cannock Chase residents with reference to the Annual Population Survey. Whilst data from this sample- based Survey does not provide such a comprehensive insight as data from the 2011 Census, it can be utilised as a more recent indicator of trends in occupation type in the District.87

87 Note that percentages and categories from Annual Population Survey data are not comparable with those included in 2011 Census data. The Annual Population Survey, a sample-based survey, has low confidence levels at District geography. Statistics published on the basis of this survey should be considered in the context of such issues of statistical reliability and as an indicator of trends.

Annual Population Survey data indicates how the proportion of Cannock Chase residents working in different occupation groups has changed between 2013 and 2014, as illustrated in the table below.

Occupation Group Cannock West Midlands Great Britain Chase April April April April April April 2012- 2013- 2012- 2013- 2012- 2013- March March March March March March 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 Soc 2010 Major Group 1-3 (Managers, Directors, Senior Officials, 34.8% 39.2% 39.5% 40.9% 44% 44.5% Professional Occupations, Associate Professional and Technical) Soc 2010 Major Group 4-5 (Administrative and 30.4% 19.5% 22.6% 21.8% 21.5% 21.4% Secretarial, Skilled Trades Occupations) Soc 2010 Major Group 6-7 (Caring, Leisure and other Service Occupations, 16.5% 20.4% 17.9% 17.4% 17.2% 17.1% Sales and Customer Service Occupations) Soc 2010 Major Group 8-9 (Process, Plant and 18.3% 21% 20% 19.9% 17.3% 17% Machine Operatives, Elementary Occupations)

Data Source: Annual Population Survey, NOMIS, Office for National Statistics. Percentage is a proportion of all persons 16+ in employment.

The table above shows that the proportion of residents employed in administrative and secretarial occupations as well as skilled trades occupations has fallen by a larger proportion at District level than at Regional or National levels. Furthermore, the proportion of Cannock Chase residents working in the category which includes elementary occupations has increased, whilst seeing a small decline at both Regional and National levels. This could indicate a rise in the proportion of Cannock Chase residents employed in elementary occupations. Research has identified that these types of employment can be associated with low skill levels, low pay and limited opportunity for progression.88

88 Paul Sissons, The Hourglass and the Escalator: Labour Market Change and Mobility (July 2011).

As the table above illustrates, the proportion of Cannock Chase residents in employment in higher paid occupations, such as managerial and professional roles, saw an increase in 2013-2014, closing the gap between employment in these occupations at District and Regional levels. The chart below demonstrates a rising trend of employment in these occupations since 2010.

Percentage 16+ employed in Soc 2010 Major Group 1-3 Occupations (Managers, directors, professional and technical occupations) 50%

45% 44.5%

40% 40.9%

35% 39.2% 34.3% 34.8% 30% 29.8% 25% April 2010-March April 2011-March April 2012-March April 2013-March 2011 2012 2013 2014 Cannock Chase West Midlands Great Britain

Data Source: Annual Population Survey, NOMIS, Office for National Statistics.

However, this has been accompanied by a rise in the proportion of residents in the District working in lower paid occupations such as caring, sales and service occupations.

Percentage 16+ employed in Soc 2010 Major Group 6-7 Occupations (Caring, service, sales and customer service occupations) 22%

20% 20.4% 18% 17.4% 17.1% 16% 17.3% 16.5% 14% 10.9% 12%

10% April 2010-March April 2011-March April 2012-March April 2013-March 2011 2012 2013 2014 Cannock Chase West Midlands Great Britain

Data Source: Annual Population Survey, NOMIS, Office for National Statistics.

As the chart above indicates, more than 20% of Cannock Chase residents were employed in these occupation groups in 2013-2014 – a proportion above both Regional and National averages. This indicates that a significant number of Cannock Chase residents in employment could be in receipt of lower earnings, leaving them vulnerable to in-work poverty.

The chart below shows the National median earnings for different occupation groups in 2013 and illustrates that the proportion of residents in Cannock Chase working in sales and customer service roles, elementary occupations and caring and leisure jobs in Cannock Chase could be in receipt of earnings at the lower end of the earnings distribution. Median earnings for those working in elementary occupations were nearly £430 lower than those for residents working as managers, directors and senior officials (£428.70).

National Median Full-Time Gross Weekly Earnings by Major Occupation Group, April 2013 (£ per week) £900.00 £765.10 £800.00 £703.20 £700.00 £582.40 £600.00 £476.10 £436.10 £500.00 £399.60 £400.00 £331.20 £336.40 £336.70 £300.00 £200.00 £100.00 £0.00

Data Source: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 2013 Provisional Results, Office for National Statistics.

The Office for National Statistics Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings indicates that gross weekly pay for full-time workers in Cannock Chase based on earnings by residence was £477.90 in 2013. This was below the Staffordshire average (£515.60), the West Midlands average (£483.00) and the Great Britain average (£518.10) which indicates that some workers in the District could experience socioeconomic issues associated with lower-level earnings.89

89 Earnings by Residence 2013, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Office for National Statistics.

Young People not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET)

‘A long period without work at a young age can have a long-lasting effect on a person’s life chances, leading to a higher future likelihood of unemployment and lower earnings’.90

Data for June 2014 indicates that there were 188 young people of Academic Age 16 to 18 who were not in employment, education or training in Cannock Chase.91 This comprised around 14.7% of the Staffordshire total. The chart below illustrates that Cannock Chase had the second highest number of NEET young people across the County in June 2014.92 However, data cited later in this document relating to Jobseeker’s Allowance claims among 18-24 year olds in the District shows a significant twelve month decrease.

Number of NEETs Academic Age 16-18, June 2014 250 207 181 182 188 200 176 110 123 150 84 100 50 24 0

Data Source: NEET and Not Known Monthly Report, June 2014. Courtesy of Nilhan Akpinar, Skills and Further Learning, Staffordshire County Council.

90 Tony Dolphin, Remember the Young Ones: Improving Career Opportunities for Britain’s Young People (IPPR, August 2014). 91 Please note that Academic Age 16-18 is different from actual age 16-18 as it includes some people aged 19 based on their month of birth date. Those included in Academic Age 16-18 have a birth date between 31/08/1994 to 31/08/1997. 92 NEET and Not Known Monthly Report, June 2014. Courtesy of Skills and Further Learning, Staffordshire County Council.

Unemployment

The chart below shows that the proportion of JSA claimants in Cannock Chase remained lower than in the West Midlands and Great Britain during the period July 2012 to July 2014. JSA claims in the District fell by 50% during this period from 3.6% to 1.8%, decreasing by a larger margin than at Regional (1.6%) and National (1.4%) levels during this period.

Percentage of Resident Population aged 16-64 claiming JSA, 2012-2014 5.3%

4.8% 4.6%

4.3% 3.8% 3.8%

3.3% 3.6% 3.0% 2.8% 2.4% 2.3%

1.8% 1.8%

1.3%

Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14

Jun-13 Jun-14

Apr-13 Apr-14

Jan-13 Jan-14

Feb-13 Feb-14

Sep-12 Sep-13

Oct-13 Oct-12

Mar-13 Mar-14

Nov-12 Nov-13

Aug-12 Aug-13

Dec-12 Dec-13

May-13 May-14 Cannock Chase West Midlands Great Britain

Data Source: All People Claiming JSA – Monthly from 2006, ONS Claimant Count with Rates and Proportions, NOMIS.

The JSA claimant rate was above the District average in five Wards in July 2014, but the same as or below the District average in ten Wards.93 The chart below shows the trend in JSA claimant rate across the Cannock Chase Wards between July 2013 and July 2014.

93 The JSA Claimant Rate was above the District average in Cannock East, Cannock North, Cannock South, Hagley and Hednesford North and the same as the District average in Brereton and Ravenhill. See All People Claiming JSA – Monthly from 2006, ONS Claimant Count with Rates and Proportions, NOMIS.

Percentage 16-64 claiming JSA, Cannock Chase Wards, July 2013-July 2014 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0%

3.1% Brereton and Ravenhill 1.8% 4.4% Cannock East 2.7% 5.0% Cannock North 3.1% 5.6% Cannock South 3.3% 2.5% Cannock West 1.5% 2.5% Etching Hill and The Heath 1.3% 2.9% Hagley 1.9% 1.4% Hawks Green 1.0% 2.8% Heath Hayes East and Wimblebury 1.3% 1.9% Hednesford Green Heath 1.3% 3.8% Hednesford North 2.2% 1.7% Hednesford South 1.1% 3.1% Norton Canes 1.6% 2.1% Rawnsley 1.3% 2.3% Western Springs 1.5%

Jul-13 Jul-14

Data Source: Claimant Count with Rates and Proportions, Office for National Statistics.

The chart illustrates that all Wards in the District have seen a fall in JSA claimant rate over the twelve month period July 2013 to July 2014. Whilst the rate of JSA claims in Cannock North and Cannock South remains above the District average, these Wards saw a fall of around 2% in JSA claimant rate between July 2013 and July 2014 (Cannock North 1.9%, Cannock South 2.3%).

The APHO Health Profile for 2014 indicates that the rate of long term unemployment per 1000 people aged 16-64 during 2013 was lower than the

National average in Cannock Chase, with a local value of 8.8 compared to an England value of 9.9.94

Youth Unemployment

A larger proportion of residents aged 18-24 were claiming JSA than in the age groups 25-49 and 50-64 in Cannock Chase in July 2014.

Percentage Persons Claiming JSA as a Proportion of the Resident Population of the Same Age, July 2014

50-64, 1.1%

25-49, 18-24, 1.8% 3.9%

Data Source: Office for National Statistics, Claimant Count – age duration with proportions, NOMIS.

Despite a slight rise in the claimant rate between June 2014 and July 2014, the proportion of young people claiming JSA has seen a significant decrease over the past twelve months.

94 APHO Health Profile, Cannock Chase, 2014 http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/view.aspx?RID=116449

Percentage of People aged 18-24 Claiming JSA, 2013-2014

8.0% 7.5% 7.5% 7.0% 6.6% 6.5% 6.0% 6.2% 5.5% 4.9% 5.0% 4.5% 3.9% 4.0% 3.5% 3.9% 3.0%

Cannock Chase West Midlands Great Britain

Data Source: Office for National Statistics, Claimant Count – age and duration with rates, NOMIS. Percentage is the number of persons claiming JSA as a proportion of the resident population of the same age.

The chart above illustrates that the proportion of JSA claimants aged 18-24 in the District has fallen by nearly 3% (2.7%) since July 2013. This is a larger margin than at Regional (2.6%) and National (2.3%) levels. This represents a reduction of 220 claimants or 40.7% of 18-24 year olds claiming JSA in July 2013, with 320 people aged 18-24 claiming JSA in July 2014.

The significance of the reduction in JSA claims among the 18-24 age group is emphasised through comparison with the JSA claimant rate among this group at the height of the recession. In April 2009 1,045 young people aged 18-24 in Cannock Chase were claiming benefit as a result of unemployment, 12.4% of this age group.

It is possible to attribute the fall in JSA claims among young people to a number of factors. Evidence at National level suggests that more young people are remaining in education for longer to obtain higher-level qualifications.95 The increase in apprenticeship opportunities, which enable

95 UKCES, Working Futures 2012-2022 (March 2014), p. 96.

60 young people to gain training and employment, can also be identified as contributing to a reduction in youth unemployment.96

Economic Growth and Resilience

The business start-up rate in Cannock Chase between February 2013 and February 2014 saw an annual change of -20%, with the majority of the Staffordshire Districts seeing a fall in business start-ups during this period. However, Cannock Chase has seen the second lowest annual decrease as illustrated on the chart below, and quarterly change in business start-ups was at 2.3%, with a monthly change of 7.3% in February 2014.97

Annual Change in Business Start-ups, February 2013-February 2014 30%

20% 17.8%

9.1% 10% 6.9%

-33.7% -21.7% -20.8% -20.0% -11.1% 0%

-10%

-20%

-30%

-40%

Data Source: Stoke-on-Trent & Staffordshire Enterprise Partnership Economic Bulletin, June 2014.

A recent study of economic and social conditions in former mining communities has identified that such areas remain characterised by low rates of employment and business formation rates below the National average. Yet the South Staffordshire Coalfield is recognised as being among the smaller former coalfield areas which ‘now appear less disadvantaged than

96 Staffordshire Observatory, Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent LEP Dashboard http://ias.staffordshireobservatory.org.uk/IAS/dataviews/report?reportId=389&viewId=519&g eoReportId=6161&geoId=50&geoSubsetId=25 97 Stoke-on-Trent & Staffordshire Enterprise Partnership Economic Bulletin, June 2014.

61 the rest’.98 Cannock Chase is identified as the principal Local Authority District in the South Staffordshire Coalfield which is recognised as being among six former coalfield areas in which job growth in other sectors has offset unemployment caused by the closure of local collieries from the 1980s onwards. However, job density remains an issue with figures for the South Staffordshire Coalfield showing fifty-two employee jobs (excluding self- employed) per 100 residents of working age in 2012 which was below the Great Britain average of 67.99

Transport and Commuting

Distance Travelled to Work

The chart below shows the proportion of Cannock Chase residents who travelled different distances to work at the time of the 2011 Census.

Distance Travelled to Work, 2011

9.4% Less than 2km 16.2% 2km to less than 5km 7.9% 5km to less than 10km 2.5% 10km to less than 20km 1.5% 2.6% 20km to less than 30km 16.3% 30km to less than 40km 8.5% 40km to less than 60km 60km and over 12.3% Work mainly at or from home 22.8% Other

Source: 2011 Census Table DC7102EWla: Distance Travelled to Work by Sex by Age, Office for National Statistics.

98 Mike Foden, Steve Fothergill and Tony Gore, The State of the Coalfields: Economic and Social Conditions in the Former Mining Communities of England, Scotland and Wales (Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research, Sheffield Hallam University, June 2014). Note that this report refers to the South Staffordshire Coalfield but where LSOA statistics are unavailable it utilises Cannock Chase data, identifying the District as the principal Local Authority District within this coalfield. 99 Ibid.

The largest proportion of Cannock Chase residents aged 16 and over in employment the week before the 2011 Census travelled between 10km and 20km to work. This reflects National data which indicates that the average distance commuted to work in England and Wales was 15km.100 Around 16% of residents in the District travelled less than 2km and between 2km and 5km to their workplace, whereas 2.5% of residents travelled 60km or more.

Younger residents aged between 16 and 24 and older residents aged 65 and over were more likely to travel shorter distances from less than 2km to less than 5km to work.101 Residents in full-time employment of 31 or more hours per week were more likely to travel further distances to work with the largest proportion of part-time workers in the District travelling less than 2km to their workplace (26.7%).102

A higher proportion of residents with no cars of vans in their household travelled shorter distances to work, with 29% of these residents travelling less than 2km to work. However, some residents with no cars or vans in their household travelled a variety of distances to their workplace. 10.5% travelled between 5km and 10km, whilst 5.1% travelled between 20km and 30km.103

Commuting for Work

In 2011 nearly 15,000 people commuted to a place of work in Cannock Chase from other local authorities (14,879).104 The chart below illustrates that the largest numbers of people who lived outside the District but worked in Cannock Chase came from South Staffordshire, Lichfield, Walsall and Stafford.

100 2011 Census Table DC7102EWla: Distance Travelled to Work by Sex by Age, Office for National Statistics; Office for National Statistics, 2011 Census Analysis – Distance Travelled to Work (March 2014). 101 2011 Census Table DC7102EWla: Distance Travelled to Work by Sex by Age, Office for National Statistics. 102 2011 Census Table DC7605EWla: Distance Travelled to Work by Hours Worked by Sex, Office for National Statistics.; Office for National Statistics, 2011 Census Analysis – Distance Travelled to Work (March 2014). 103 2011 Census Table DC7402EWla: Distance Travelled to Work by Car or Van Availability, Office for National Statistics. For more information about travel to work in Cannock Chase, see 2011 Census Briefing: Travel to Work http://chaseweb.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/chief- executives-policy-and-performance/2011-census-briefings 104 2011 Census Table WU01UK: Location of Usual Residence and Place of Work by Sex, Office for National Statistics.

People who work in Cannock Chase but Live Outside the District: Top Ten Locations, 2011 3,328 3,500 3,000 2,706 2,500 2,243 2,000 1,720 1,500 928 1,000 563 466 314 500 257 251 0

Data Source: 2011 Census Table WU01UK: Location of Usual Residence and Place of Work by Sex, Office for National Statistics.

More than 23,500 people who lived in Cannock Chase commuted to other local authorities or abroad for work in 2011 (23,534).105 The largest numbers of people who moved out of the District for work commuted to Lichfield, Walsall, Stafford and South Staffordshire.

People who live in Cannock Chase but Work Outside the District: Top Ten Locations, 2011 4,285 4,500 3,855 4,000 3,420 3,500 3,000 2,472 2,500 2,035 2,000 1,567 1,500 989 771 1,000 382 352 500 0

Data Source: 2011 Census Table WU01UK: Location of Usual Residence and Place of Work by Sex, Office for National Statistics.

105 Ibid.

Commuting in Cannock Chase: Number of People and Location they Travelled from/to, 2011

Inflow Outflow Net Change in Cannock

South Staffordshire 3,328 Chase Population from Lichfield : 4,285 most popular locations:

South Staffordshire Lichfield: 2,706 Walsall : 3,855 +856

Lichfield -1,579 Walsall : 2,243 Stafford : 3,420 Walsall -1,612

Stafford Stafford: 1,720 South Staffordshire: 2,472 -1,700

Data Source: 2011 Census Table WU01UK: Location of Usual Residence and Place of Work by Sex, Office for National Statistics.

The largest proportion of people who commuted into Cannock Chase from other local authorities was aged 35-49 (5,802). People in this age group were also the largest proportion who commuted out of Cannock Chase to work elsewhere (9,515).106

How do People Commute Into and Out of Cannock Chase?

Method of travel to work relates to the method of travel used for the longest part, by distance, of a person’s usual journey to work. The most popular methods of travel for people who lived in Cannock Chase but commuted to work outside the District were:

106 2011 Census Table WU02UK: Location of Usual Residence and Place of Work by Age, Office for National Statistics.

Method of Travel Number of People Driving a car or van 19,685 Passenger in a car or van 1,397 Bus, minibus or coach 714 Train 699 On foot 468 Bicycle 239

Data Source: 2011 Census Table WU03UK: Location of Usual Residence and Place of Work by Method of Travel to Work.

The most popular methods of travel for people commuting into Cannock Chase for work from outside the District were:

Method of Travel Number of People Driving a car or van 12, 636 Passenger in a car or van 906 Bus, minibus or coach 576 On foot 292 Bicycle 173 Train 122

Data Source: 2011 Census Table WU03UK: Location of Usual Residence and Place of Work by Method of Travel to Work.

Driving a car or van proved the most popular method of commuting amongst both those moving into Cannock Chase for work and those who moved out of the District to a workplace in another area.

Whilst 122 people commuted the largest part of their journey from other local authorities to work in Cannock Chase by train, nearly 700 people commuted out of the District by train (699), with the majority commuting to workplaces in Birmingham (438) and Walsall (113).

Travelling the longest part of a journey to work using a bicycle or on foot was more popular among residents of Cannock Chase who worked in other areas than those who travelled into the District for work. 107

107 2011 Census Table WU03UK: Location of Usual Residence and Place of Work by Method of Travel to Work, Office for National Statistics.

Commuting Comparisons 2001-2011

It is possible to examine how commuting patterns have changed during the decade in relation to the District’s top inflow/outflow destinations at the time of the 2011 Census and how figures of commuters to specific locations by different methods of transport have changed.

Outflow: People who live in Cannock Chase but work elsewhere

Location: 2001 2011 Change

Cannock Chase to 4,322 4,285 -37: fewer people commute to Lichfield Lichfield in 2011

Cannock Chase to South 2,225 2,472 +247: more people commute to Staffordshire South Staffordshire in 2011

Cannock Chase to 2,487 3,420 +933: more people commute to Stafford Stafford in 2011

Cannock Chase to 4,227 3,855 -372: fewer people commute to Walsall Walsall in 2011

Data Source: 2001 Census Travel Flows data, accessed via NOMIS, Office for National Statistics; 2011 Census Table WU01UK: Location of Usual Residence and Place of Work by Sex, Office for National Statistics.

The data in the table above shows that fewer people in Cannock Chase commuted to Lichfield and Walsall in 2011 than in 2001. More people in Cannock Chase commuted to South Staffordshire and Stafford in 2011 than in 2001.

Inflow: People who commute into Cannock Chase for work

Location: 2001 2011 Change

Lichfield to Cannock 2,598 2,706 +108: more people commute into Chase Cannock Chase from Lichfield in 2011

South Staffordshire to 3,364 3,328 -36: fewer people commute into Cannock Chase Cannock Chase from South Staffordshire in 2011 Stafford to Cannock 1,606 1,720 +114: more people commute into Chase Cannock Chase from Stafford in 2011

Walsall to Cannock 1,700 2,243 +543: more people commute into Chase Cannock Chase from Walsall in 2011

The data in the table above shows that fewer people from South Staffordshire commuted to Cannock Chase in 2011 than in 2001. However, a greater number of people from Lichfield, Stafford and Walsall commuted to Cannock Chase in 2011 than in 2001.

2001 Census data shows that 323 people who lived in Cannock Chase commuted to Birmingham by train. This increased by 35.6% to 438 people in 2011. Sixty-four people who lived in Cannock Chase commuted to Walsall by train. This increased by 76.6% to 113 people in 2011.108

108 2011 Census Table WU03UK: Location of Usual Residence and Place of Work by Method of Travel to Work.