Dissolved Oxygen TMDL TWG 1 11192015

View “Slide Master” To Change Heading

Mid Coast Dissolved Oxygen TMDL KickKick--OffOff Meeting

Dan Sobota Oregon Department of Environmental Quality First Technical Workgroup Meeting November 19, 2015 Newport, Oregon View “Slide Master” To Change My backgroundHeading • Academic training: – Undergraduate degree from Virginia Tech in Biology – Master’s and PhD in Fisheries Science with a concentration in Stream Ecology from Oregon State – Worked on projects involving large wood inputs, ecosystem metabolism, and nitrogen cycling in Pacific Northwest streams

• Postdocs at Washington State University and the US EPA working on watershed nutrient cycling

• With Oregon DEQ since March 2014

• Have spent a lot of time in the Mid Coast fishing, hunting, mushroom picking, & hiking (including last weekend, when I got drenched in Drift Creek-Siletz) “Somewhere” in the Siletz Gorge

Slide 2 View “Slide Master” To Change Meeting ObjectivesHeading

Slide 3 View “Slide Master” To Change Meeting ObjectivesHeading

• Review scope & concepts for DO technical work

Slide 4 View “Slide Master” To Change Meeting ObjectivesHeading

• Review scope & concepts for DO technical work

• Review DO status in Mid Coast rivers

Slide 5 View “Slide Master” To Change Meeting ObjectivesHeading

• Review scope & concepts for DO technical work

• Review DO status in Mid Coast rivers

• Provide overview of proposed approach & focus areas

Slide 6 View “Slide Master” To Change Meeting ObjectivesHeading

• Review scope & concepts for DO technical work

• Review DO status in Mid Coast rivers

• Provide overview of proposed approach & focus areas

• Provide preliminary analysis & propose next steps

Slide 7 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading

Scope & context for DO technical work

Slide 8 View “Slide Master” To Change Total MaximumHeading Daily Load (TMDL)

Slide 9 View “Slide Master” To Change Total MaximumHeading Daily Load (TMDL)

• Pollution a waterbody can receive before impairment

Slide 10 View “Slide Master” To Change Total MaximumHeading Daily Load (TMDL)

• Pollution a waterbody can receive before impairment

• Required when a water quality standard exceeded

Slide 11 View “Slide Master” To Change TMDL equationHeading

TMDL = LA + WLA + MOS + RC

• LA: Load Allocation (nonpoint sources) • WLA: Waste Load Allocation (point sources) • MOS: Margin of Safety (account for uncertainty) • RC: Reserve Capacity (set aside for future development)

Slide 12 View “Slide Master” To Change TMDL processHeading

Identify Exceedances (prior to TMDL) View “Slide Master” To Change TMDL processHeading

Develop TMDL

Identify Exceedances (prior to TMDL) View “Slide Master” To Change TMDL processHeading

Develop Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)

Develop TMDL DMA Implementation Plan Identify Waste Load & Exceedances Load (prior to TMDL) Allocations View “Slide Master” To Change TMDL processHeading

Implement TMDL and WQMP

Develop Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)

Develop TMDL DMA Implementation Plan Identify Waste Load & Exceedances Load (prior to TMDL) Allocations View “Slide Master” To Change TMDL processHeading

Implement TMDL and WQMP

Develop Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)

Develop TMDL DMA Implementation Plan Identify Waste Load & Exceedances Load (prior to TMDL) Allocations View “Slide Master” To Change TWG scopeHeading & expectations

Photo by Russ George Photo by Bonnie Lamb

Slide 18 View “Slide Master” To Change TWG scopeHeading & expectations

• Goal : DEQ partners with stakeholders for advice on TMDL development and implementation including: –Documenting local knowledge to identify sources –Gaining information on land use conditions –Documenting management actions (past, current, planned) and other relevant activities –Development of alternatives and identification of a preferred solution

Adapted from the International AssociationPhoto by for Russ Public George ParticipationPhoto by - Bonnie http://www.iap2.org/ Lamb

Slide 19 View “Slide Master” To Change TWG scopeHeading & expectations

• Your part: We (DEQ) will look to you for advice and innovation in formulating solutions and incorporate your advice and recommendations into our decisions to the maximum extent possible

Adapted from the International AssociationPhoto by for Russ Public George ParticipationPhoto by - Bonnie http://www.iap2.org/ Lamb

Slide 20 View “Slide Master” To Change DissolvedHeading oxygen concepts

Slide 21 View “Slide Master” To Change DO in riversHeading and streams

• A fundamental water quality parameter

• Essential to metabolism of aerobic organisms

• Influences solubility of nutrients, metals, and metalloids

Photo by Russ George Photo by Bonnie Lamb

Slide 22 Overview Viewof state “Slide criteria Master” for To DO Change in rivers and streams Heading Class Minimum Primary use/level of protection Criteria Spawning ≥ 11.0 mg/L or ≥ Salmonid spawning and incubation of 95% saturation embryos until emergence from the gravels

Cold Water ≥ 8.0 mg/L or ≥ Salmon, trout, cold-water invertebrates, and 90% saturation other native cold-water species exist throughout all or most of the year.

Cool Water ≥ 6.5 mg/L Mixed native cool-water aquatic life, such as sculpins, smelt, and lampreys. Includes estuaries.

Warm Water ≥ 5.5 mg/L Introduced or native warm-water species. No risk No change from Marine waters and waters in wilderness background areas

OAR 340-041-0016

Slide 23 Overview Viewof state “Slide criteria Master” for To DO Change in rivers and streams Heading Class Minimum Primary use/level of protection Criteria Spawning ≥ 11.0 mg/L or ≥ Salmonid spawning and incubation of 95% saturation embryos until emergence from the gravels

Cold Water ≥ 8.0 mg/L or ≥ Salmon, trout, cold-water invertebrates, and 90% saturation other native cold-water species exist throughout all or most of the year.

Cool Water ≥ 6.5 mg/L Mixed native cool-water aquatic life, such as sculpins, smelt, and lampreys. Includes estuaries.

Warm Water ≥ 5.5 mg/L Introduced or native warm-water species. No risk No change from Marine waters and waters in Wilderness background areas.

OAR 340-041-0016

Slide 24 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Why are criteria “either or”?

Theoretical 100% saturation curves

Sea level

11 300 m elevation DissolvedDissolved(mg/L) (mg/L) OxygenOxygen

0 5 10 15 20 25 Temperature (°C)

http://water.usgs.gov/software/DOTABLES/

Slide 25 View “Slide Master” To Change ConceptualHeading model – natural waters

Water column Dissolved Oxygen

Benthos/ Hyporheic zone

Slide 26 View “Slide Master” To Change ConceptualHeading model – natural waters

Atmospheric Oxygen

Air-water exchange rate (K)

Water column Dissolved Oxygen

Benthos/ Hyporheic zone

Slide 27 View “Slide Master” To Change What influencesHeading air-water exchange rate?

• Increases with temperature

Atmospheric Oxygen

• Decreases with barometric Air-water exchange rate (K) pressure (elevation) Water column

Dissolved Oxygen • Increases with channel roughness & slope

Benthos/ Hyporheic zone

Slide 28 View “Slide Master” To Change ConceptualHeading model – natural waters

Atmospheric Oxygen

Air-water exchange rate (K)

Water column Dissolved Oxygen Gross primary production (GPP)

Benthos/ Hyporheic zone

Slide 29 View “Slide Master” To Change What influencesHeading gross primary production (GPP)?

• Increases with temperature

• Increases with light

Water column

• Increases with nutrients Dissolved Oxygen Gross primary production (GPP)

Benthos/ Hyporheic zone

Slide 30 View “Slide Master” To Change ConceptualHeading model – natural waters

Atmospheric Oxygen

Air-water exchange rate (K)

Water column Dissolved Oxygen Gross primary production (GPP) Autotrophic respiration

Benthos/ Hyporheic zone

Slide 31 View “Slide Master” To Change ConceptualHeading model – natural waters

Atmospheric Oxygen

Air-water exchange rate (K)

Water column Dissolved Oxygen Gross primary production (GPP) Dissolved Autotrophic Heterotrophic organic carbon respiration respiration

Benthos/ Particulate Hyporheic zone organic carbon

Slide 32 View “Slide Master” To Change ConceptualHeading model – natural waters

Atmospheric Oxygen

Air-water exchange rate (K)

Water column Dissolved Oxygen Gross primary production (GPP) Dissolved Autotrophic Heterotrophic organic carbon respiration respiration

Benthos/ Ecosystem respiration (ER) Particulate Hyporheic zone organic carbon

Slide 33 View “Slide Master” To Change What influencesHeading Ecosystem Respiration (ER)?

• Increases with temperature

• Increases with GPP

Water column

• Increases with nutrients Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Autotrophic Heterotrophic organic carbon respiration respiration • Increases with organic Benthos/ Ecosystem respiration (ER) Particulate organic Hyporheic zone matter standing stock carbon

Slide 34 View “Slide Master” To Change ConceptualHeading model – natural waters

Atmospheric Oxygen Atmospheric Oxygen

Air-water exchange rate (K) Atmospheric Oxygen Air-water exchange rate (K)

Water Air-water exchange rate (K) column Water Dissolved column Oxygen Water Gross primary Dissolved column production Oxygen (GPP) Dissolved Autotrophic Heterotrophic organic carbon Gross primary Dissolved respiration respiration production Oxygen (GPP) Dissolved Autotrophic Heterotrophic organic carbon Gross primary respiration respiration production (GPP) Dissolved Autotrop Heterotro organic carbon Benthos/ hic phic Ecosystem respiration Particulate Hyporheic zone respirati respiratio (ER) organic carbon on n Benthos/ Ecosystem respiration Particulate Hyporheic zone (ER) organic carbon Benthos/ Ecosystem respiration Particulate Hyporheic zone (ER) organic carbon

Groundwater Dissolved Oxygen Groundwater Dissolved Groundwater Oxygen Dissolved Oxygen

• Groundwater can be depleted in DO and rich in nutrients

Slide 35 View “Slide Master” To Change Summary Heading

• Air-water exchange: adds or subtracts DO

• Gross Primary Production (GPP): adds DO

• Ecosystem Respiration (ER): subtracts DO

• DO measurements: combination of local & upstream influences

Slide 36 View “Slide Master” To Change ApproachHeading for DO TMDLs in Oregon

Slide 37 View “Slide Master” To Change ApproachHeading for DO TMDLs in Oregon

• LA and WLA developed for pollution influencing DO

–Biochemical Oxygen Demand

– Nutrients (for metabolism & Chemical Oxygen Demand)

– Light

– Heat

Slide 38 View “Slide Master” To Change EPA-approvedHeading DO TMDLs for Oregon rivers

Water Body Year Approved Pollutant(s)

Tualatin River 1988, 2001 & 2012 Ammonia, Phosphorus & Temperature

Bear Creek (Rogue) 1992 Ammonia & Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Pudding River 1993 Ammonia & Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Rickreal Creek 1994 Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Coast Fork Willamette River 1996 Ammonia & Phosphorus

Coquille River 1996 Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Columbia Slough 1998 Phosphorus & Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Upper Grande Ronde River 2000 Heat, Sediment, Nitrogen & Phosphorus

Sprague River 2002 Heat

Snake River – Hells Canyon 2004 Phosphorus

Amazon & Coyote Creeks 2006 Heat

South Umpqua River 2007 Heat & Nutrients

Upper John Day River 2010 Heat, Flow, & Morphology

Malheur River 2010 Phosphorus

http://www.deq.state.or.us/WQ/TMDLs/approved.htm Slide 39 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Other DO TMDLs currently under development

• Coquille River, Southern Oregon Coast

• Upper Deschutes River, Central Oregon

• Powder River, Eastern Oregon

Slide 40 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading

Status of DO on the Mid Coast

Slide 41 View “Slide Master” To Change Data requirementsHeading for 2010 Integrated Report

• Data collected since 1993

• ≥ 5 representative data points per site collected on separate days per period

• Daily mean of continuous dissolved oxygen data represents one data point

• Any combination of 5 days of continuous or grab sample data in the time period is acceptable

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/docs/2010AssessmentMethodology.pdf

Slide 42 View “Slide Master” To Change EvaluationHeading of DO data for 2010 Integrated Report

Slide 43 View “Slide Master” To Change EvaluationHeading of DO data for 2010 Integrated Report

Does sample conductivity indicate estuarine conditions (>200 µS)?

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/docs/2010AssessmentMethodology.pdf

Slide 44 View “Slide Master” To Change EvaluationHeading of DO data for 2010 Integrated Report

Does sample conductivity indicate Yes Estuarine DO criteria: estuarine conditions 6.5 mg/L (>200 µS)?

Is salmon/steelhead a designated fish use in the water body?

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/docs/2010AssessmentMethodology.pdf

Slide 45 View “Slide Master” To Change EvaluationHeading of DO data for 2010 Integrated Report

Does sample conductivity indicate Yes Estuarine DO criteria: estuarine conditions 6.5 mg/L (>200 µS)?

Is salmon/steelhead a Yes Are the samples taken Yes Spawning criteria: designated fish use in during a designated 11.0 mg/L or 95% the water body? spawning period? saturation

Are the samples taken during an assumed resident trout spawning period?

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/docs/2010AssessmentMethodology.pdf

Slide 46 View “Slide Master” To Change EvaluationHeading of DO data for 2010 Integrated Report

Does sample conductivity indicate Yes Estuarine DO criteria: estuarine conditions 6.5 mg/L (>200 µS)?

Is salmon/steelhead a Yes Are the samples taken Yes Spawning criteria: designated fish use in during a designated 11.0 mg/L or 95% the water body? spawning period? saturation

Yes Are the samples taken Cold water criteria: during an assumed 8.0 mg/L or 90% resident trout No saturation spawning period?

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/docs/2010AssessmentMethodology.pdf

Slide 47 View “Slide Master” To Change Fish use designationHeading in Mid Coast streams and rivers ± 0 10 20 km Siletz-Yaquina

No spawning Salmon/steelhead spawning Resident trout spawning Alsea

Siuslaw

Source: ODFW Photo by Russ GeorgeSiltcoos

Slide 48 View “Slide Master” To Change 303(d) CategoriesHeading

Slide 49 View “Slide Master” To Change 303(d) CategoriesHeading

• Category 2. Attaining. For ≥ 10 samples in period of interest, > 90% meet criteria. For 5 to 9 samples, all meet criteria.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/docs/2010AssessmentMethodology.pdf

Slide 50 View “Slide Master” To Change 303(d) CategoriesHeading

• Category 2. Attaining. For ≥ 10 samples in period of interest, > 90% meet criteria. For 5 to 9 samples, all meet criteria.

• Category 3. Insufficient Data. < 5 samples collected on separate days in period of interest, or 5 to 9 samples with 1 not meeting criteria.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/docs/2010AssessmentMethodology.pdf

Slide 51 View “Slide Master” To Change 303(d) CategoriesHeading

• Category 2. Attaining. For ≥ 10 samples in period of interest, > 90% meet criteria. For 5 to 9 samples, all meet criteria.

• Category 3. Insufficient Data. < 5 samples collected on separate days in period of interest, or 5 to 9 samples with 1 not meeting criteria.

• Category 4. Water Quality Limited, TMDL Not Needed. TMDLs needed to attain standards approved (Category 4A), other requirements are expected to address the pollutant and meet standards (Category 4B), or impairment not caused by a pollutant (Category 4C)

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/docs/2010AssessmentMethodology.pdf

Slide 52 View “Slide Master” To Change 303(d) CategoriesHeading

• Category 2. Attaining. For ≥ 10 samples in period of interest, > 90% meet criteria. For 5 to 9 samples, all meet criteria.

• Category 3. Insufficient Data. < 5 samples collected on separate days in period of interest, or 5 to 9 samples with 1 not meeting criteria.

• Category 5: Water Quality Limited, TMDL Needed. For the period of interest, > 10% of the samples do not meet criteria, and ≥ 2 samples do not meet criteria.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/docs/2010AssessmentMethodology.pdf

Slide 53 View “Slide Master” To Change 303(d) CategoriesHeading

• Category 2. Attaining. For ≥ 10 samples in period of interest, > 90% meet criteria. For 5 to 9 samples, all meet criteria.

• Category 3. Insufficient Data. < 5 samples collected on separate days in period of interest, or 5 to 9 samples with 1 not meeting criteria.

• Category 5: Water Quality Limited, TMDL Needed. For the period of interest, > 10% of the samples do not meet criteria, and ≥ 2 samples do not meet criteria.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/docs/2010AssessmentMethodology.pdf

Slide 54 View “Slide Master” To Change 303(d) list Headingfor DO, 2010 Integrated Report ± 0 10 20 km Siletz-Yaquina

Category 2. Attaining *Salmon River has insufficient Category 3. Insufficient data data for evaluation of Cold Category 5. Water quality limited Water criteria & fail Spawning Streams criteria Alsea *Parts of Siletz & Yachats meet Cold Water criteria but fail Spawning criteria

Siuslaw

Siltcoos

Slide 55 View “Slide Master” To Change 303(d) CategoryHeading 5 list for DO, 2010 Integrated Report ± 0 10 20 km Siletz-Yaquina

Category 5. Water quality limited Streams

Alsea

Siuslaw

Siltcoos

Slide 56 View “Slide Master” To Change 303(d) CategoryHeading 5 list for DO, 2010 Integrated Report River/stream River miles Listing Period Criteria Salmon River 0 – 23.1 Sep 15 – May 31 Spawning Siletz River 21.5 – 65.3 Sep 1 – June 15 Spawning Depot Creek 0 – 4.5 Year Around Cold Water Beaver Creek (Yaquina) 0 – 7.3 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning Beaver Creek (Yaquina) 0 – 7.3 Year Around Cold Water Yaquina River 0 – 26.9 Jan 1 – May 15 Spawning Yaquina River 26.9 – 53.9 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning Yaquina River 0 – 56.8 Year Around Cold Water Big Elk Creek 0 – 5.3 Jan 1 – May 15 Spawning Big Elk Creek 5.3 – 29.5 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning Big Elk Creek 0 – 29.5 Year Around Cold Water North Fork Beaver Creek 0 – 9.5 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning South Fork Beaver Creek 0 – 6 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning South Fork Beaver Creek 0 – 6 Year Around Cold Water Alsea River 15.7 – 27 Sep 15 – Jun 15 Spawning Alsea River 27 – 47.4 Sep 1 – June 15 Spawning Alsea River 15.7 – 47.4 Year Around Cold Water Williamson Creek 0 – 2.7 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning North Fork Yachats River 0 – 6.3 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning Beamer Creek 0 – 2.1 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning School Fork 0 – 3.2 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning Yachats River 3.4 – 16.6 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning Keller Creek 0 – 2.6 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning Stump Creek 0 – 2 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning Siuslaw River 5.7 – 105.9 Sep 15 – May 31 Spawning Siuslaw River 5.7 – 105.9 Year Around Cold Water Wildcat Creek 0 – 18.8 Oct 15 – May 15 Spawning http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/2010Report.htm Slide 57 View “Slide Master” To Change Relevant criteriaHeading for DO in Mid Coast rivers and streams

Concentration and period 30-day 7-day 7-day Min Class Mean Min Mean Min Mean Min Salmonid 11.0 mg/L Spawning or 95% saturation Used in assessment

Cold Water 8.0 mg/L or 90% saturation

OAR 340-041-0016

Slide 58 View “Slide Master” To Change Relevant criteriaHeading for DO in Mid Coast rivers and streams

Concentration and period 30-day 7-day 7-day Min Class Mean Min Mean Min Mean Min Salmonid 11.0 mg/L 9.0 mg/L if Spawning or 95% spatial median saturation minimum Used in intergravel DO assessment > 8.0 mg/L

Cold Water 8.0 mg/L 6.5 mg/L 6.0 mg/L Used in or 90% TMDL saturation analysis if available

OAR 340-041-0016

Slide 59 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading

BREAK

Slide 60 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading

Proposed Analysis Approach & Focus Areas

Slide 61 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Four-step process

1 2 3 4

Continuous Evaluate Reach Watershed DO data data model model

Slide 62 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Four-step process: 1. Continuous DO data

Continuous DO data

Slide 63 View “Slide Master” To Change ContinuousHeading dissolved oxygen data

• In 2008, DEQ placed sondes in five Mid Coast river basins

– 17 unique site-time datasets in Spring, Summer, and Fall

– Close to as mid channel – mid thalweg depth as possible

– 15-minute intervals for 3-4 days (DO, SpC, pH, & temperature)

– Additional grab sample data (2x) for nutrients and BOD

– Flow and channel dimensions measured

• Intended to characterize critical periods for DO

Slide 64 View “Slide Master” To Change ContinuousHeading DO data from the Mid Coast - 2008 (!

± Siletz-Yaquina 0 10 20 km Salmon River (1 ‰ October) ! Yaquina River (3 ‰ May & October) (!( (! Beaver Creek (6 ‰ June, September, & November) Category 5. Water quality limited Streams (! (!(!(! (! Alsea (! (! (! Alsea River (3 ‰ September)

(! Siuslaw Siuslaw River (2 ‰ June & November)

Siltcoos

Slide 65 View “Slide Master” To Change WhatHeading do steady-state DO data look like?

South Beaver Creek at 1st S Beaver Cr Rd Bridge 90 100 70 80 DissolvedDissolved OxygenOxygen (%(% saturation) saturation)

Jun-25-08 Jun-26-08 Date

Slide 66 View “Slide Master” To Change What doHeading non steady-state DO data look like?

Slide 67 View “Slide Master” To Change ContinuousHeading DO data - 2008 ± 0 10 20 km Siletz-Yaquina

Steady-state Non steady-state Category 5. Water quality limited Streams Alsea

Siuslaw

Siltcoos

Slide 68 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Four-step process: 2. Evaluate DO data

1 2

Continuous Evaluate DO data data

Slide 69 View “Slide Master” To Change How did we Headingevaluate data?

Alsea River @ Five Rivers • Selected a 24-hr cycle within each period

Slide 70 View “Slide Master” To Change How did we Headingevaluate data?

• Night-time regression method for air-water exchange & ER

Alsea River @ Five Rivers

Slope = Air-water exchange rate Intercept = Ecosystem Respiration

Applies to average temperature during measurement period

O. Izagirre, M. Bermejo, J. Pozo, and A. Elosegi. Rivermet©: An excel-based tool to calculate river metabolism from diel oxygen{concentration curves. 2007. Environmental Modelling & Software, 22(1):24-32.

Slide 71 View “Slide Master” To Change How did weHeading evaluate data?

Slide 72 View “Slide Master” To Change How did weHeading evaluate data?

• Assumed that instantaneous air-water exchange rate (K) & ER varied with temperature

Tt – TN – Kt = KN * 1.024

Tt – TN – ER t = ER N * 1.07

Slide 73 View “Slide Master” To Change How did weHeading evaluate data?

• Assumed that instantaneous air-water exchange rate (K) & ER varied with temperature

Tt – TN – Kt = KN * 1.024

Tt – TN – ER t = ER N * 1.07

• Atmospheric DO flux t (Ft) = Kt * DO saturation deficit

Slide 74 View “Slide Master” To Change How did weHeading evaluate data?

• Assumed that instantaneous air-water exchange rate (K) & ER varied with temperature

Tt – TN – Kt = KN * 1.024

Tt – TN – ER t = ER N * 1.07

• Atmospheric DO flux t (Ft) = Kt * DO saturation deficit

• GPP t = [DOt] – Ft + ERt

Slide 75 View “Slide Master” To Change How did weHeading evaluate data?

Alsea River @ Five Rivers 9/23/2008

Slide 76 View “Slide Master” To Change How did weHeading evaluate data?

Alsea River @ Five Rivers 9/23/2008

Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) = GPP + ER

Slide 77 View “Slide Master” To Change NEP, Spring-SummerHeading

Yaquina River

-3.90 mg O 2/L/d 1.70 mg O 2/L/d

Beaver Creek

-8.50 mg O 2/L/d 4.90 mg O 2/L/d

Slide 78 View “Slide Master” To Change NEP, Fall Heading

Salmon River

-4.20 mg O 2/L/d

Yaquina River

-8.10 mg O 2/L/d -6.90 mg O 2/L/d

Beaver Creek

-4.90 mg O 2/L/d -10.00 mg O 2/L/d

Alsea River

2.50 mg O 2/L/d -1.90mg O 2/L/d -1.50mg O 2/L/d

Slide 79 View “Slide Master” To Change Summary Headingof data evaluation

Slide 80 View “Slide Master” To Change Summary Headingof data evaluation

• 12 of 17 sonde datasets had steady-state data

Slide 81 View “Slide Master” To Change Summary Headingof data evaluation

• 12 of 17 sonde datasets had steady-state data

• Estimates of K, ER, and GPP comparable to other rivers in Oregon, North America, and Europe

Slide 82 View “Slide Master” To Change Summary Headingof data evaluation

• 12 of 17 sonde datasets had steady-state data

• Estimates of K, ER, and GPP comparable to other rivers in Oregon, North America, and Europe

• In the Spring/Summer, no clear control – Mix of light, nutrient, and temperature limitations? – Need mechanistic reach-scale model to figure out

Slide 83 View “Slide Master” To Change Summary Headingof data evaluation • 12 of 17 sonde datasets had steady-state data

• Estimates of K, ER, and GPP comparable to other rivers in Oregon, North America, and Europe

• In the Spring/Summer, no clear control – Mix of light, nutrient, and temperature limitations? – Need mechanistic model to figure out

• In the Fall, ER consumed more DO than GPP produced – Points toward BOD as important – Mechanistic modeling still needed to quantify

Slide 84 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Four-step process: 3. Develop reach-scale models

1 2 3

Continuous Evaluate Reach DO data data model

Slide 85 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Reach-scale model options

Slide 86 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Reach-scale model options

• Statistical model –Hypothesized relationships between variables and data where relationships seeks to best describe data –Examples: regression, random forests

Hilborn, Ray, and Marc Mangel. The ecological detective: confronting models with data . Vol. 28. Princeton University Press, 1997.

Slide 87 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Reach-scale model options

• Statistical model –Hypothesized relationships between variables and data where relationships seeks to best describe data –Examples: regression, random forests

• Mechanistic model –Hypothesized relationship between variables in data where nature of relationships is specified by specific processes –Examples: Lotka-Volterra models, Ricker model

Hilborn, Ray, and Marc Mangel. The ecological detective: confronting models with data . Vol. 28. Princeton University Press, 1997.

Slide 88 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Reach-scale model for DO data

Slide 89 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Reach-scale model for DO data

• Our choice: mechanistic model

Slide 90 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Reach-scale model for DO data

• Our choice: mechanistic model

• Why? Allows evaluation of specific management actions & Adjustments to model/calibration based on new data

Slide 91 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Reach-scale model for DO data

• Our choice: mechanistic model

• Why? Allows evaluation of specific management actions & Adjustments to model/calibration based on new data

• Data check suggests sufficient data for modeling processes influencing DO

Slide 92 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Reach-scale model for DO data

• Our choice: mechanistic model

• Why? Allows evaluation of specific management actions & Adjustments to model/calibration based on new data

• Data check suggests sufficient data for modeling processes influencing DO

• Tool to help estimate contribution of factors (temperature, light, nutrients, etc.) influencing DO

Slide 93 View “Slide Master” To Change Reach-scaleHeading model option: QUAL2Kw

• Mechanistic, mass balance model

• EPA-approved model (http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models.html )

• Used for TMDLs in Oregon & Washington

• Peer reviewed

Slide 94 View “Slide Master” To Change PreliminaryHeading run of QUAL2Kw on Alsea River, 9/23/08

Slide 95 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Reach data

• Riparian shade data – GIS via HeatSource

• Water quality data – DEQ

• Flow data – Oregon Water Resources & DEQ

• Tributary inputs solved by watershed area regression (flow) and weighted load inputs solved by difference

• Groundwater inputs solved by difference in flows between upstream, downstream, and tributary inputs

Slide 96 View “Slide Master” To Change Model interfaceHeading – see Excel spreadsheet

Slide 97 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Preliminary results – Dissolved Oxygen

Slide 98 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Preliminary results - Temperature

Slide 99 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Preliminary results – Carbonaceous BOD

Slide 100 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Preliminary results – Ammonium

Slide 101 View “Slide Master” To Change PreliminaryHeading results – Specific Conductivity

Alsea river (Oregon, USA) (9/23/2008) 100

20 conductivity(uS/cmconductivity (uS/cm25C) 25C) 10

0 20 15 10 5 0 distance upstream (Km) Conductivity (uS/cm 25C) Conductivity (uS/cm 25C) obs avg Conductivity (uS/cm 25C) pred min Conductivity (uS/cm 25C) pred max

Slide 102 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Preliminary results - Nitrate

Slide 103 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Preliminary reach-scale model results summary

Slide 104 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Preliminary reach-scale model results summary

• 2008 DEQ data seem appropriate for QUAL2Kw

Slide 105 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Preliminary reach-scale model results summary

• 2008 DEQ data seem appropriate for QUAL2Kw

• Following QUAL2Kw recommendations for equations and default parameter values (unmeasured), results look promising

Slide 106 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Preliminary reach-scale model results summary

• 2008 DEQ data seem appropriate for QUAL2Kw

• Following QUAL2Kw recommendations for equations and default parameter values (unmeasured), results look promising

• Will need to conduct uncertainty/sensitivity analysis, and expand reach to include other Alsea site (for more data comparisons)

Slide 107 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Preliminary reach-scale model results summary

• 2008 DEQ data seem appropriate for QUAL2Kw

• Following QUAL2Kw recommendations for equations and default parameter values (unmeasured), results look promising

• Will need to conduct uncertainty/sensitivity analysis, and expand reach to include other Alsea site (for more data comparisons)

• Remember this is for one to several days during measurement period

Slide 108 View “Slide Master” To Change Four-step Headingprocess: 4. Link reach-scale model with watershed model

1 2 3 4

Continuous Evaluate Reach Watershed DO data data model model

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Slide 110 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Watershed analysis

• Watershed models –Soil and Water Assessment Tool (USDA) –HSPF (EPA) –VELMA (EPA Western Ecology Division)

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• Watershed models –Soil and Water Assessment Tool (USDA) –HSPF (EPA) –VELMA (EPA Western Ecology Division)

• Each can be run at daily time steps, which is needed for linking to reach-scale models

Slide 112 View “Slide Master” To Change Heading Watershed analysis

• Watershed models –Soil and Water Assessment Tool (USDA) –HSPF (EPA) –VELMA (EPA Western Ecology Division)

• Each can be run at daily time steps, which is needed for linking to reach-scale models

• Allow look at potential BOD and nutrient sources as well as riparian conditions (shade) for management options

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• Finalize reach-scale modeling approach – DEQ recommends moving forward with QUAL2Kw – What other data are available for analysis & modeling? •Ground water inputs in specific areas (e.g., Alsea)? •Information on the spatial extent (and estimates) of fertilizer application from agricultural operations? •Septic systems, i.e., age, distribution, etc.?

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• Develop memo/publication describing data evaluation, reach-scale modeling, and watershed source linkage – Will seek feedback from TWG on steps – Will set up case-study watershed for example; could use feedback

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Implement 1 2 3 4 TMDL and Continuous Evaluate Reach Watershed DO data data model model WQMP

Develop Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)

Develop TMDL DMA Implementation Plan Identify Waste Load & Exceedances Load (prior to TMDL) Allocations

Slide 117 View “Slide Master” To Change AcknowledgmentsHeading

Kevin Brannan, ODEQ Peter Bryant, ODEQ Julia Crown, ODEQ Bob Hall, University of Wyoming Emily Stanley, University of Wisconsin

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