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Comparison of Wireless Technologies Used in a Smart Home

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Comparison of Wireless Technologies Used in a Smart Home Master of Science in Electrical Engineering with emphasis on Telecommunication Systems June 2017 Comparison of Wireless Communication Technologies used in a Smart Home: Analysis of wireless sensor node based on Arduino in home automation scenario Oleh Horyachyy Faculty of Computing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE-371 79 Karlskrona Sweden This thesis is submitted to the Faculty of Computing at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering with emphasis on Telecommunication Systems. The thesis is equivalent to 20 weeks of full time studies. Contact Information: Author(s): Oleh Horyachyy E-mail: [email protected] University advisor: Prof. Kurt Tutschku Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Computing Internet : www.bth.se Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 SE-371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Fax : +46 455 38 50 57 __________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Context. Internet of Things (IoT) is an extension of the Internet, which now includes physical objects of the real world. The main purpose of Internet of Things is to increase a quality of people’s daily life. A smart home is one of the promising areas in the Internet of Things which increases rapidly. It allows users to control their home devices anytime from any location in the world using Internet connectivity and automate their work based on the physical environment conditions and user preferences. The main issues in deploying the architecture of IoT are the security of the communication between constrained low-power devices in the home network and device performance. Battery lifetime is a key QoS parameter of a battery-powered IoT device which limits the level of security and affects the performance of the communication. These issues have been deepened with the spread of cheap and easy to use microcontrollers which are used by electronic enthusiasts to build their own home automation projects. Objectives. In this study, we investigated wireless communication technologies used in low-power and low-bandwidth home area networks to determine which of them are most suitable for smart home applications. We also investigated the correlation between security, power consumption of constrained IoT device, and performance of wireless communication based on a model of a home automation system with a sensor node. Sensor node was implemented using Arduino Nano microcontroller and RF 433 MHz wireless communication module. Methods. To achieve the stated objectives of this research following methods were chosen: literature review to define common applications and communication technologies used in a smart home scenario and their requirements, comparison of wireless communication technologies in smart home, study of Arduino microcontroller technology, design and simulation of a part of home automation project based on Arduino, experimental measurements of execution time and power consumption of Arduino microcontroller with RF 433 MHz wireless module when transmitting data with different levels of security, and analysis of experimental results. Results. In this research, we presented a detailed comparison of ZigBee, WiFi, Bluetooth, Z-Wave, and ANT communication technologies used in a smart home in terms of the main characteristics. Furthermore, we considered performance, power consumption, and security. A model of a home automation system with a sensor node based on Arduino Nano was described with sleep management and performance evaluation. The results show that the battery lifetime of Arduino in a battery-powered sensor node scenario is determined by the communication speed, sleep management, and affected by encryption. Conclusions. The advanced communication strategy can be used to minimize the power consumption of the device and increase the efficiency of the communication. In that case, our security measures will reduce the productivity and lifetime of the sensor node not significantly. It’s also possible to use symmetric encryption with smaller block size. Keywords: Arduino microcontroller, home automation system, Internet of Things, power consumption __________________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgements I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Kurt Tutschku for the guidance, patience and continuous support throughout my thesis. I would like to extend my sincerest thanks and appreciation to Anders Carlsson for his continuous support, constant and timely advice and assistance. It wouldn’t have been possible to finish this thesis without their support, motivation, and encouragement. I would like also thank Maryna Yevdokymenko, Helen Tkachova, Stepan Voytusik, Volodymyr Sokolov, and Oksana Yevsieieva for their motivation and encouragement, pieces of advice, and useful feedback. I would like to thank my wonderful family and friends for their emotional support, prayers, and constant encouragement throughout my entire program. ii __________________________________________________________________________________ List of Figures Figure 3.1: Structure of smart home......................................................................................... 18 Figure 3.2: An example of smart home .................................................................................... 19 Figure 4.1: Low-cost RF 433 MHz modules ............................................................................ 39 Figure 4.2: Home automation model ........................................................................................ 41 Figure 5.1: Setup of experiment 2 ............................................................................................ 44 Figure 5.2: Setup of experiment 3 ............................................................................................ 45 Figure 5.3: Duty cycle and energy consumption of a battery-powered device ........................ 47 Figure 5.4: Execution time of encryption and decryption of one block of AES algorithm in Arduino ............................................................................................................................. 49 Figure 5.5: Relationship between encryption time and transmission rate of wireless module ............................................................................................................................... 49 Figure 5.6: Increasing of the encryption time for 6000 bps transmission speed ...................... 50 Figure 5.7: Comparison of transmission time for the plain text and encrypted message ........ 51 Figure 5.8: Transmission efficiency ......................................................................................... 51 Figure 5.9: Comparison of measurement results of current for different sleep modes ............ 53 Figure 5.10: Current consumption of Arduino Nano microcontroller over time using sleep mode when sending 4 bytes of data in plain text or using encryption .............................. 53 Figure 5.11: Comparison of energy consumption of Arduino Nano when sending 4 bytes of data on data rate 3000 bps using sleep mode. Considered time period equals 300 ms .... 54 Figure 5.12: Battery lifetime for 5 minutes period ................................................................... 55 Figure 5.13: Battery lifetime for a period of 300 ms depending on encryption, sleep management, and communication speed .......................................................................... 55 iii __________________________________________________________________________________ List of Tables Table 1.1: Aims and objectives of the research ......................................................................... 3 Table 3.1: Parameters of IoT devices ....................................................................................... 15 Table 3.2: Classification of IoT devices by constraints ........................................................... 16 Table 3.3: Typical IoT devices ................................................................................................. 17 Table 3.4: Comparison of wireless communication technologies ............................................ 25 Table 3.5: Recommendations for selecting wireless technology for smart home applications ....................................................................................................................... 30 Table 4.1: Mapping of aims and objectives to research questions and research methodology ..................................................................................................................... 35 Table 4.2: Comparison of different Arduino boards ................................................................ 38 Table 5.1: Cu rrent consumption during the data transmission ................................................. 52 Table 5.2: Current consumption during the sleeping at different sleep modes ........................ 52 iv __________________________________________________________________________________ List of Abbreviations 4G………… 4th Generation of mobile HTTP……... Hypertext Transfer Protocol telephony HVAC…….. Heating, Ventilation and Air 6LoWPAN... IPv6 over Low power WPAN Conditioning AC……........ Air Conditioner IDE……….. Integrated Development ACL………. Access Control List Environment ADC………. Analog-to-Digital Converter IEEE………. Institute of Electrical and AES……….. Advanced Encryption Standard Electronics
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