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The Socio-Ecological Analytical Framework of Water Scarcity in Rafsanjan Township, Iran
S. Mehryar, et al., Int. J. of Safety and Security Eng., Vol. 6, No. 4 (2016) 764–776 THE SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK OF WATER SCARCITY IN RAFSANJAN TOWNSHIP, IRAN S. MEHRYAR, R. SLIUZAS, A. SHARIFI & M.F.A.M. VAN MAARSEVEEN Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geoinformation Management, Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Netherlands. ABSTRACT Ground water scarcity is a main socio-ecological challenge in the Middle East. While ground water reserves seem vast, the impacts of over-exploitation and inadequate control over water consumption may threaten the sustainability of aquifers. The signs of aquifer depletion and its influence on water accessibility have become apparent in recent years. Using the case of Rafsanjan Township, Iran, this study aims to understand the socio-ecological factors and their inter-relationships in driving and exacer- bating the water crisis situation, the ongoing policy responses and the possible consequences of current trends. The Drivers, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses (DPSIR) framework, developed by the European Environmental Agency in 1999, is used to analyze the components of the socio-ecological system. Inputs are generated through a time series analysis of Landsat images, extracted spatial data- sets, secondary literature and government reports. This study illustrates the conflict between rapid economic development policies that have simulated the expansion of pistachio orchards on the one hand and sustainable water resource management on the other. Some responses based on a long-term socio-ecological resilient planning approach may provide a more sustainable perspective, but will require a substantial rethinking of current policies, improved water management practices, and additional research. -
Kerman Province
In TheGod Name of Kerman Ganjali khan water reservoir / Contents: Subject page Kerman Province/11 Mount Hezar / 11 Mount joopar/11 Kerman city / 11 Ganjalikhan square / 11 Ganjalikhan bazaar/11 Ganjalikhan public bath /12 Ganjalikhan Mint house/12 Ganjalikhan School/12 Ganjalikhan Mosque /13 Ganjalikhan Cross market place /13 Alimardan Khan water reservoir /13 Ibrahimkhan complex/ 13 Ibrahimkhan Bazaar/14 Ibrahimkhan School /14 Ibrahimkhan bath/14 Vakil Complex/14 Vakil public bath / 14 Vakil Bazaar / 16 Vakil Caravansary / 16 Hajagha Ali complex / 16 Hajagha Ali mosque / 17 Hajagha Ali bazaar / 17 Hajagha Ali reservoir / 17 Bazaar Complex / 17 Arg- Square bazaar / 18 Kerman Throughout bazaar / 18 North Copper Smithing bazaar / 18 Arg bazaar / 18 West coppersmithing bazaar / 18 Ekhteyari bazaar / 18 Mozaffari bazaar / 19 Indian Caravansary / 19 Golshan house / 19 Mozaffari grand mosque / 19 Imam mosque / 20 Moshtaghieh / 20 Green Dome / 20 Jebalieh Dome / 21 Shah Namatollah threshold / 21 Khaje Etabak tomb / 23 Imam zadeh shahzadeh Hossien tomb / 23 Imam zadeh shahzadeh Mohammad / 23 Qaleh Dokhtar / 23 Kerman fire temple / 24 Moaidi Ice house / 24 Kerman national library / 25 Gholibig throne palace / 25 Fathabad Garden / 25 Shotor Galoo / 25 Shah zadeh garden / 26 Harandi garden / 26 Arg-e Rayen / 26 Ganjalikhan anthropology museum / 27 Coin museum / 27 Harandi museum garden / 27 Sanatti museum / 28 Zoroasterian museum / 28 Shahid Bahonar museum / 28 Holy defense museum / 28 Jebalieh museum / 29 Shah Namatollah dome museum / 29 Ghaem wooden -
Association of Decorative Elements in Haj Agha Ali House, the Largest Adobe House in the World
European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2015; www.european-science.com Vol.3, No.3 Special Issue on New Trends in Architecture, Civil Engineering, and Urban Studies ISSN 1805-3602 Association of Decorative Elements in Haj Agha Ali House, the Largest Adobe House in the World Zohre Rajabi Rostam Abadi1*; Hossein Rezaei2; Mohsen Boshak1 1MA in Art Research, Faculty of Art & Media, Payame Noor University, East Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran; 2MA in Urban Design, Faculty of Arts and architecture, Department of Urbanism, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Historical houses in Qajar era are among the most significant works of that time which represent specific features of that time having a close relationship with daily life of people. The houses are important for their plans and architectural spaces and they are also culturally and aesthetically unique because they contain many decoration and elements which are treasures of art and handicrafts. In this development, research was conducted in a library. Here motifs used in Haj Agha Ali house have been categorized after analysis and comparison. In fact, decoration is an integral part of traditional architecture in Iran as they show the type of using space and they also represent the dominant mind set of that time. Qajar art as occasion served was exposed with western elements and reacted upon them. The result of such reaction in architectural decoration is that in many cases imported elements are created with traditional elements in an associated combination. Although in some cases, the full unity is not the case but generally, the artists of that time could get to a general unity in architectural decorations with a combination of different cultural elements. -
A Study to Copper Mines & Industries with an Outlook
A STUDY TO COPPER MINES & INDUSTRIES WITH AN OUTLOOK TO IRAN MARKET By: Ali Bakhtiari Ghaleh-Elham Kordzadeh Independent Researchers May-July 2016 1 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………7 2. COPPER HISTORY……………………………………………………………………………………….9 3. APPLICATION OF COPPER ................................................................... 11 4. COPPER IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES ............................................ 13 5. COPPER ALLOYS FAMILIES .................................................................. 15 6. COPPER SOURCES AND SUPPLY ........................................................... 18 6.1. MAIN COPPER MINES IN THE WORLD……………………………………………….19 6.1.1. ESCONDIDA, CHILE.............................................................................. 20 6.1.2. CANANEA, MEXICO ............................................................................. 21 6.1.3. COLLAHUASI, CHILE ............................................................................ 22 6.1.4. ANDINA, CHILE .................................................................................... 23 6.1.5. TOQUEPALA, PERU ............................................................................. 24 6.1.6. EL TIENIENTE, CHILE ........................................................................... 24 6.1.7. CERRO VERDE, PERU ........................................................................... 25 6.1.8. RADOMIRO TOMIC, CHILE .................................................................. 26 6.1.9. LOS BRONCES, CHILE ......................................................................... -
Quantifying Geotechnical Changes in the Rafsanjan Plain in Time Series and Finding out Their Causes Using Radar Remote Sensing Techniques
Quantifying Geotechnical Changes in the Rafsanjan Plain in Time Series and Finding out Their Causes Using Radar Remote Sensing Techniques *a Ali Akabr Mahdavian Jalal Hassanshahiab a Ms in GIS and Rs, Yazd Azad University, Yazd, Iran bMs in GIS and Rs, Natural resources and watershed management organization, Kerman, Iran *a e-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT Subsidence is the earth’s surface movement towards down relative to a datum such as sea level. The main reason of subsidence in Iran is groundwater overuse which if not managed correctly, it causes irreparable damages. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is identification of subsidence areas and estimating the rate which will have a significant role in controlling this phenomenon. One of the most suitable methods of identification of subsidence is using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)technique. This method is superior to other detection T in terms of cost, precision, extent of the study area and time and it can provide an accurate estimate of the area. In this research, zone of the Rafsanjan plain has been investigated between 2006 and 2010. In order to calculate subsidence rate, SAR data related to the ASAR sensor in C-band and ALOS PALSAR in L-band were used. Generalized linear models in C-band and Lband with values of 0.91 and 0.89 and RMSE coefficient of 0.37 and 0.61 represented a strong linear relationship. Also the relationship between subsidence and the changes in piezometric levels (groundwater extraction) in the study area showed that for each 4.7 centimeters groundwater level decrease, there has been one centimeter subsidence. -
The Role of Urban Agriculture Technologies in Transformation Toward Participatory Local Urban Planning in Rafsanjan
land Article The Role of Urban Agriculture Technologies in Transformation toward Participatory Local Urban Planning in Rafsanjan Mohsen Farhangi 1,* , Sara Farhangi 2, Paulien C. H. van de Vlasakker 3 and Gerrit J. Carsjens 4 1 Department of Thematic Studies—Technology and Social Change, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden 2 Department of Art and Architecture, University Iuav of Venice, 30135 Venice, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology—Theoretical Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden; [email protected] 4 Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The agricultural sector in developing countries is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change and water scarcity. Iran is one Middle Eastern country facing a growing water crisis. Rafsanjan county, located in the province of Kerman, is losing its pistachio orchards to water shortages and climate change. The modernisation of irrigation methods and transfer of water from other regions have been the main strategies taken by the governmental authorities. The lack of success of these strategies has led to the emergence of more participatory approaches in the transformation of the agricultural sector and local urban planning in Rafsanjan. This study analyses the actor network Citation: Farhangi, M.; Farhangi, S.; of transformation in the agricultural sector and the rise of high-tech urban agriculture, and aims van de Vlasakker, P.C.H.; Carsjens, to understand the role of technologies in supporting citizen participation in local urban planning. -
The Mineral Industry of Iran in 2006
2006 Minerals Yearbook IRAN U.S. Department of the Interior April 2009 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUS T RY OF IRAN By Philip M. Mobbs Iran had an extensive mineral production and processing Production sector. Iran’s hydrocarbon sector, which included the production of natural gas and oil, the refining of crude oil, Based on estimates of mineral commodity production, and the distribution of hydrocarbons, was a significant facet significant increases in output in 2006 compared with that of of the country’s economy. According to the U.S. Energy 2005 were projected for bauxite, borax, copper concentrate, Information Administration (2007), Iran was the world’s fourth copper metal, iron ore, refined lead, perlite, and refined zinc. ranked producer of crude oil. Iranian crude oil and condensate Declines were projected for ferrochromium, ferrosilicon, and production averaged about 4 million barrels per day in 2006, pig iron. Data on estimated mineral production are provided in or about 5.5% of the world’s output. The country also was table 1. estimated to account for more than 1% of the world’s output of cement, chromium, refined copper, and fluorspar (table 1; Structure of the Mineral Industry Edelstein, 2007, p. 21.25-21.27; Miller, 2008; Papp, 2008; van Oss, 2008). The Ministry of Industries and Mines administered all mining, smelting, and refining industries except the oil and gas sectors, Minerals in the National Economy which were administered by the Ministry of Petroleum. Basic geologic exploration and most initial evaluations of the nation’s Production, processing, transportation, and sales of crude mineral resources (except hydrocarbons) were performed by the oil and natural gas accounted for about 11% of the country’s Geological Survey of Iran. -
Sand Fly Surveillance Within an Emerging Epidemic Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Iran
Archive of SID Iranian J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2010, 4(1): 17–23 MR Yaghoobi-Ershadi et al.: Sand fly Surveillance within … Original Article Sand fly Surveillance within an Emerging Epidemic Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Iran *MR Yaghoobi-Ershadi1, M Hakimiparizi1, AR Zahraei-Ramazani2, H Abdoli2, AA Akhavan1, M Aghasi3, MH Arandian2, AA Ranjbar4 1Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2Isfahan Training and Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 3School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran 4Control of Communicable Disease Unit, Department of Public Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Received 19 Dec 2009; accepted 10 Apr 2010) Abstract Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major has become a hot topic in Iran. The objective of this study was to determine some ecological aspects of sand flies in the study area. Methods: Sand flies were collected biweekly from indoors and outdoors fixed places in the selected villages, using 30 sticky paper traps from the beginning to the end of the active season of 2006 in Kerman Province, south of Iran. The flies were mounted and identified. Some blood fed and gravid female sand flies of rodent burrows and indoors were dissected and examined microscopically for natural promastigote infection of Leishmania parasite during Au- gust to September. Results: In total, 2439 specimens comprising 8 species (3 Phlebotomus and 5 Sergentomyia) were identified. The most common sand fly was P. papatasi and represented 87.1% of sand flies from indoors and 57.2% from outdoors. -
The Family Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Kerman Province, Southeastern Iran
BIHAREAN BIOLOGIST 7 (1): pp.20-24 ©Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2013 Article No.: 131103 http://biozoojournals.3x.ro/bihbiol/index.html The family Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Kerman province, Southeastern Iran Seyed Massoud MADJDZADEH1,2,*, Hosseinali LOTFALIZADEH3 and Fatemeh ABOLHASANZADEH1,2 1. Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. 2. Department of Biodiversity, International Center for Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran. 3. Department of Plant Protection, East-Azarbaijan Research Center for Agriculture & Natural Resources, Tabriz, Iran. *Corresponding author, S.M. Madjdzadeh, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 8. December 2012 / Accepted: 28. February 2013 / Available online: 3. March 2013 / Printed: June 2013 Abstract. The family Torymidae (Hymenoptera.: Chalcidoidea) is an important group because of its role as agricultural pests or biocontrol agent pests in many ecosystems. Fauna of this family was studied in the northern areas of Kerman province (Southeastern Iran). In this study eight species belonging to seven genera were collected and identified. Their taxonomic, biological and distributional data are presented. Within collected specimens, two species are new records for the Iranian fauna: Pseudotorymus militaris (Boheman) and Torymoides kiesenwetteri (Mayr). Key words: Fauna, Torymidae, Hymenoptera, new records, Iran. Introduction man Province where there are varied climatic conditions during -
Doawnoald the Book
The Most Learned of the Shica This page intentionally left blank The Most Learned of the Shi'a The Institution of the Marjac Taqlid Edited by LINDA S. WALBRIDGE OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2001 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Bombay Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 2001 by Linda S. Walbridge Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved, No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The most learned of the Shi'a : the institution of the Marjac taqlid / edited by Linda S. Walbridge. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-513799-X 1. Marja'. 2. Taqlid. 3. Authority—Religious aspects—Islam. 4. Shi'ah—Doctrines. I. Title BP195.M7 W35 2000 297.6'l-dc21 00-027868 1 35798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper I dedicate this book to John and Nathaniel with love This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments This book has been, relatively speaking, a pleasure to work on because of the fine people involved in the project. -
Iran's Earthen Architectural Heritage As Reflected in the Terra Congress Proceedings and Iran Journal
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2017 Iran’s Earthen Architectural Heritage as Reflected in the errT a Congress Proceedings and Iran Journal Shaghayegh Torkzaban University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Torkzaban, Shaghayegh, "Iran’s Earthen Architectural Heritage as Reflected in the errT a Congress Proceedings and Iran Journal" (2017). Theses (Historic Preservation). 634. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/634 Suggested Citation: Torkzaban, Shaghayegh (2017). Iran’s Earthen Architectural Heritage as Reflected in the errT a Congress Proceedings and Iran Journal. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/634 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Iran’s Earthen Architectural Heritage as Reflected in the errT a Congress Proceedings and Iran Journal Abstract Iran is an important place for architectural and archaeological studies, especially for its wealth of earthen architecture. International scholarly studies in Iran began in the late nineteen and early twentieth centuries. However much of this research was not published until the end of the 1950s. In the 1960s, many scholarly conferences and publications on the conservation of earthen architecture began. Two major events occurred regarding Iran’s architectural heritage. The first was the founding of an international academic journal, Iran Journal, in 1963 by the British Institute of Persian Studies. The other was the formation of the first international congress on the conservation of earthen heritage, Terra, held in 1972, in Yazd, Iran. -
1 Geography and Development 16Nd Year-No.53–Winter 2019 Received
1 Extend Abstracts Geography and Development 16nd Year-No.53–Winter 2019 Received: 15/06/2017 Accepted: 19/02/2018 PP: 1-3 Investigation the Quality Changes of Zayandehrud River Water Using Fuzzy Logic Dr. Fariba Rahpou Dr. Hasanali Ghayoor Assistant Professor of Crisis Management of Professor of Geography International Research Institute of Project index University of Isfahan Dr. Zohre Rajabi Assistant Professor of Natural Geography Introduction Zayandeh River is a vital river stream for Isfahan Province and Central Plateau of Iran. This river is located as the largest Iranian central plateau in the Gavkhoon watershed and plays an important role in the supply of drinking water, industry and agriculture in the central regions of Iran. Today, due to the dramatic reduction of river water due to the construction of several dam and water catchments for water use for agricultural,industrial, recreational and construction of several recreational towns along the river, unauthorized drafting water by motor pumps, lack of rainfall, drainage of various types of Human, industrial, and agricultural sewage in to the river have caused the death of the river and Gavkhoni wetland. Considering the importance of Zayandehrood river water in its catchment area, especially in the environment, and also considering the importance of aquatic life, maintaining the ecological balance of the river and And knowing more precisely the qualitative state of the river water, conducting a study on the amount of pollution in this river seems to be necessary. Therefore, in order to manage the water to prevent further contamination of the river water, this study attempts to investigate the water quality in terms of water quality changes at different times and locations.