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1 FIRST FOLIO: TEACHER AND STUDENT RESOURCE GUIDE Consistent with the Shakespeare Theatre Company’s central mission to be the leading force in producing and preserving the Table of Contents highest quality classic theatre, the Education Department challenges learners of all ages to explore the ideas, emotions Synopsis of Macbeth 3 and principles contained in classic texts and to discover the connection between classic theatre and our modern perceptions. Synopsis of Dunsinane 4 We hope that this First Folio: Teacher and Student Resource Guide will prove useful to you while preparing to attend A Little Scottish History 4 Dunsinane from the National Theatre of Scotland & Royal Shakespeare Company. Who’s Who 5 First Folio provides information and activities to help students After the Dictator Falls 6 form a personal connection to the play before attending the By Jackie McGlone production. First Folio contains material about the playwrights, Taking on “the Scottish Play” 8 their world and their works. Also included are approaches to By Clare Wallace explore the plays and productions in the classroom before and after the performance. Mapping the Play: Clans and Claims 10 First Folio is designed as a resource both for teachers and Questions for Discussion 11 students. All Folio activities meet the “Vocabulary Acquisition and Classroom Activities 12 Use” and “Knowledge of Language” requirements for the grades 8-12 Common Core English Language Arts Standards. We Resource List 15 encourage you to photocopy these articles and activities and use them as supplemental material to the text. Theatre Etiquette 16 Enjoy the show! Founding Sponsors The First Folio Teacher and Student Resource Guide for Miles Gilburne and Nina Zolt the 2014-2015 Season was developed by the Shakespeare Theatre Company Education Department: Presenting Education Sponsor Director of Education Samantha K. Wyer Associate Director of Education Dat Ngo Leadership Support Audience Enrichment Manager Hannah Hessel Ratner The Beech Street Foundation Community Engagement Manager Laura Henry Buda The D.C. Commission on the Arts & Humanities, an agency supported in School Programs Manager Vanessa Hope part by the National Endowment for the Arts Training Programs Manager Brent Stansell City Fund Education Coordinator Emily Marcello Education Intern Sarah Kate Patterson Mr. Jerry Knoll Shakespeare for a New Generation, a national program of the National Endowment for the Arts in partnership with Arts Midwest Additional Support Ada Harris Maley Memorial Fund Marshall B. Coyne Foundation Mark & Carol Hyman Fund The George Preston Marshall Foundation The Jacob and Charlotte Lehrman Foundation For more information on how you can Morningstar Philanthropic Fund Ms. Toni Ritzenberg participate in other Nora Roberts Foundation Shakespeare Theatre Company programs, Hattie M. Strong Foundation Solon E. Summerfield Foundation please call the Education Hotline at Clark Winchcole Foundation 202.547.5688 or visit ShakespeareTheatre.org. Washington Forrest Foundation 2 Shakespeare’s Macbeth: The Prequel Macbeth and his friend and fellow soldier Banquo make their way home after a victorious battle with Norway and encounter three witches. Taken aback by their unearthly appearance, Macbeth and Banquo listen amazed as the witches call Macbeth Thane of Glamis, then Thane of Cawdor and future King of Scotland. The witches go on to prophesy that Banquo, though never a king himself, will beget kings. Macbeth demands to know where the witches came by this information, but the witches disappear. Reeling from this supernatural occurrence, Macbeth and Banquo are further amazed when messengers from King Duncan, lords Ross and Angus, deliver the news that Macbeth has been granted the title Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth contemplates the witches' predictions and wonders if he should assist fate by doing away with King Duncan himself. Suppressing these murderous thoughts, Macbeth accompanies Ross, Angus and Banquo to see the king. Duncan honors Macbeth and Banquo for their deeds in battle and then declares his son, Malcolm, Prince of Cumberland, the official heir to the throne. The entire party departs to Inverness, Macbeth's home; Macbeth hurries ahead to prepare for their coming. Having sent word home to his wife about the predictions of the three witches, Macbeth arrives to find her already plotting the king's murder. Macbeth, at first horrified by his wife's plans, agrees to kill the king. That night, Lady Macbeth drugs the king's guards. On the way to murder Duncan, Macbeth sees a dagger floating in the air before him, leading him to the king's chamber. Macbeth kills Duncan with the guards' daggers and flees, consumed by guilt. Lady Macbeth lays the daggers near the sleeping guards, setting the scene for them to be blamed for the king's murder. Early in the morning, Macduff and Lennox arrive to meet the king and discover his bloody body. Macbeth rushes into the chamber and kills the two sleeping guards. In the ensuing confusion, Malcolm and Donalbain, the king's sons, flee to England and Ireland, respectively. The princes' flight arouses suspicion of their guilt, and Macbeth is crowned King of Scotland. Having achieved the throne, Macbeth begins to fear Banquo, who witnessed the witches' prophesy and who— according to them—will beget a long line of kings. Macbeth plans a great feast and invites Banquo, then arranges to have him and his son, Fleance, murdered. Banquo is killed, but Fleance escapes. At the feast, Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo sitting at the table and he rages in a fit of madness, alarming the guests. Tormented by guilt and fearing for his future as king, Macbeth decides to visit the witches again. Some of the Scottish lords have begun to suspect Macbeth's involvement in the murders. Macduff travels to England to meet with Malcolm, who has been taken in by King Edward (Edward the Confessor, 1042-46). Macduff hopes that Edward will help put Malcolm back on the throne by sending an army headed by Siward, Earl of Northumberland. Learning of Macduff’s journey, Macbeth sends murderers to Macduff’s castle in his absence to kill his wife and children. Ross delivers this devastating news to Macduff in England. Macduff vows to avenge his family in battle with Macbeth and return the throne to Malcolm, the rightful heir. Macbeth returns to the witches who summon a series of apparitions with three warnings: first, to beware Macduff; second, that “none of woman born” shall harm Macbeth; and third, that Macbeth will never be defeated until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane (the location of Macbeth's castle.) Feeling confident that the woods will never uproot and move themselves to his home, Macbeth returns to prepare for Malcolm's attack. Back at the castle, Lady Macbeth is walking and talking in her sleep. Her nurse summons a doctor and together they watch as Lady Macbeth, sleepwalking, relives the night of Duncan's murder. As Macbeth prepares for war, Lady Macbeth ends her life. Malcolm rallies the English forces and travels to Birnam Wood, where they are met by Scottish lords who have abandoned the tyrant Macbeth. To hide their number as they approach the castle, Malcolm instructs the army to cut branches from the forest and ride with them in front. Macbeth is horrified when a messenger tells him that Birnam Wood appears to be marching towards them. He dons his armor and prepares to fight, still convinced that “none of woman born” can hurt him. Macbeth meets Macduff on the battlefield and confesses this seeming infallibility, but Macduff tells him he was “from his mother’s womb untimely ripped.” Macduff defeats Macbeth, and Malcolm is restored to the throne. 3 DUNSINANE Synopsis Under the cover of night, an English army sweeps through Scotland arriving at the castle of Dunsinane. There is a fierce battle and they kill the tyrant king, Macbeth, and take the seat of power. After the battle, Siward, the English commanding officer, discovers that Lady Macbeth (the Scottish queen known as Gruach) is not in fact dead as he has previously been led to believe. Siward attempts to install a new king in Scotland: Malcolm. However, many of the clans will not accept Malcolm as the king while Gruach still lives. One of Siward’s Scottish allies, Macduff, suggests killing the queen to put an end to the conflict, but Siward is a man of principle and refuses. Attempting to restore peace and establish Malcolm as the rightful ruler, Siward is beset by a brutal guerrilla uprising and must also deal with discontent amongst his own inexperienced men. Isolated and alone, he is drawn to the charismatic Gruach and a romance develops between them. King Malcolm calls a parliament and, in a surprise move, whilst addressing this parliament Siward proposes a marriage between Gruach and Malcolm to achieve lasting peace. Both Malcolm and Gruach agree to this and preparations are made for the wedding. However, the night of the wedding Gruach’s men storm the castle and free her, killing several of Siward’s men in the process. Siward realizes that the Queen’s son and heir is still alive and puts all his efforts into finding him and the queen, against Malcolm’s advice and wishes. After much bloodshed, Siward’s men capture Lulach (the queen’s son) and he is killed. Siward believes that this will now put an end to the conflict, but Malcolm disagrees. Siward travels the length and breadth of a snow-covered Scotland, compelled to return Lulach’s body to Gruach. When at last he finds her, the queen is holding a baby who she claims is Lulach’s child. She refuses Siward’s plea to make peace with England and instead tells him Lulach’s son will be the next true king of Scotland… A Little Scottish History Scotland is a land of geographic variety, from the marshy lowlands of southern Scotland to the craggy highlands of the north.
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