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Performance Analysis and Design of MIMO-OFDM System Using Concatenated Forward Error Correction Codes

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Performance Analysis and Design of MIMO-OFDM System Using Concatenated Forward Error Correction Codes J. Cent. South Univ. (2017) 24: 1322−1343 DOI: 10.1007/s11771-017-3537-2 Performance analysis and design of MIMO-OFDM system using concatenated forward error correction codes Arun Agarwal1, Saurabh N. Mehta2 1. PhD Scholar, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Information Technology, AMET University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 603112, India; 2. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Mumbai-400037, Maharashtra, India © Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract: This work investigates the performance of various forward error correction codes, by which the MIMO-OFDM system is deployed. To ensure fair investigation, the performance of four modulations, namely, binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-16 and QAM-64 with four error correction codes (convolutional code (CC), Reed-Solomon code (RSC)+CC, low density parity check (LDPC)+CC, Turbo+CC) is studied under three channel models (additive white Guassian noise (AWGN), Rayleigh, Rician) and three different antenna configurations(2×2, 2×4, 4×4). The bit error rate (BER) and the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) are taken as the measures of performance. The binary data and the color image data are transmitted and the graphs are plotted for various modulations with different channels and error correction codes. Analysis on the performance measures confirm that the Turbo + CC code in 4×4 configurations exhibits better performance. Key words: bit error rate (BER); convolutional code (CC); forward error correction; peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR); Turbo code signal reliability as well as the multiple transmissions, 1 Introduction without extra radiation and spectrum bandwidth [6−9]. OFDM is a technique for high-rate wireless transmission In recent years, MIMO (multiple input multiple systems because of its high spectral efficiency, immunity output) has developed and emerged as a very important against inter-symbol interference and robustness against technology in wireless communications [1−9]. MIMO multi-path channel fading. It also provides frequency supports multiple transmission purposes through diversity and thereby, it improves the BER performance exploiting its unique properties, such as the spatial of the frequency selective fading channels [16−22]. The diversity gain and the properties that are related to the combination of MIMO wireless technology with OFDM spatial multiplexing capability [10]. The MIMO system has been recognized as a most promising technique [23]. has the advantages of wide bandwidth, good isolation, The combined MIMO-OFDM technique has advantages enhanced radiation with low correlation [2] and such as, increased spectral efficiency of OFDM [24] and bandwidth efficiency [10]. Orthogonal frequency improved link reliability that enables the support of more division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the most antennas and larger bandwidths, leading to high data rate powerful modulation techniques that is employed in as well as high performance and it has larger utilization networking [10−15]. Plenty of designs have been in high-speed wireless transmission [25]. The increase in introduced and the generated codes have varied the transmission bandwidth efficiency of the combined multiplexing and diversity gains [4]. The merits of MIMO-OFDM has been studied through estimating the OFDM include high robustness to linear fiber effects, blind channel of the system [26]. The combined MIMO sharp roll-off of OFDM spectrum, multiple access system (Alamouti space-time block coding (STBC) capabilities and tolerance to inter-symbol interference MIMO system within space division multiplexing and inter-carrier interference [13]. MIMO systems (SDM)) has been analyzed and studied through consume less extra spectrum because of the development considering the matrix structure, which is present in the of space–time (ST) coding [10]. In addition, the MIMO equivalent channel matrix H of Ref. [5]. For the reliable technology provides a quality system to enhance the transmission of signals through the MIMO system, Received date: 2016−02−26; Accepted date: 2016−09−29 Corresponding author: Arun Agarwal, Assistant Professor, PhD; E-mail: [email protected] J. Cent. South Univ. (2017) 24: 1322−1343 1323 STBC has been developed. The STBC transmission correction representation is shown in Fig. 1. Forward using the combined SDM and STBC has been well- error correction (FEC) applies on the communication analyzed and it was found to be useful for the evaluation over wireless and it has been used as a technique for of other MIMO transmissions with quasiorthogonal controlling as well as correcting the errors that are STBC [1]. The XPM-induced degradation in each produced during video distribution. FEC codes include subcarrier of the double sideband-OFDM (DSB-OFDM) the recursive systematic convolution code and the Turbo systems that employ a DD receiver has been analytically code. While using MIMO system, an inter-layer FEC characterized in Ref. [13]. An innovative method has coding technique that is combined with UEP is applied been developed to reduce the complexity and peak to [38]. The concatenated error correction code scheme, average power ratio of T-OFDM systems in Ref. [12]. termed as LDPC with Alamouti code MIMO-OFDM, has The DCP-OQAM-OFDM and the ECP-OQAM-OFDM been analyzed under various fading conditions, such as systems have been analyzed and their power spectral spatially independent, spatially correlated, spatial densities have also been studied in Ref. [11]. Generally, temporal correlated and spatial time frequency correlated the error-correcting codes produce a threshold effect that quasi-static Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami fading gradually reduces the performance at the low signal to channels. Due to the correlation structure, the loss of noise ratio (SNR) range. So, in order to minimize the diversity and the coding gain emerges. The arrangement threshold effect, two types of error correction codes that of concatenated code has been achieved by considering are related to the chaotic dynamical systems [27] have all the individual blocks [26]. been introduced. One of the error correction codes is This work presents a systematic study on the based on the principles of diversity and the other one is performance of the MIMO-OFDM system with based on the LDPC code. LDPC was introduced by concatenated forward error correction codes. Firstly, an GALLAGER [28] in 1962 and was rediscovered by MIMO-OFDM system is constructed with the Mackay and NEAL [29] in 1996. The LDPC code convolutional codes as the error correction codes and the exhibits a very low threshold effect. Orthogonal space concatenation of the convolutional codes with the time block codes (OSTBC) is used, in the case of the renowned block codes, such as LDPC codes, RSC and transmitting antennas [30]. It exhibits the property of Turbo codes then follows. diversity, but there is no coding gain. Hence, OSTBC Secondly, the systems are tested by transmitting that is concatenated with MIMO-OFDM [31, 32] has one-dimensional binary data and the BER analysis is been used to provide diversity in both space and time. performed. Subsequently, image transmission is also The concatenation scheme includes an inner OSTBC performed on these systems and the PSNR analysis is code and an outer channel code. The BER performance carried out. of the OSTBC code with MIMO-OFDM has been evaluated by not concatenating with the channel codes of 2 Concatenated FEC codes for MIMO- [33−36]. Convolution code is a channel coding technique, OFDM system which is concatenated with Alamouti STBC under various fading conditions that include uncorrelated 2.1 Without concatenation of FEC codes fading and spatial correlated as well as spatial time Prior to the description of the concatenated FEC correlated fading [33]. The efficiency of the convolution codes for the MIMO OFDM system, the MIMO OFDM coded MIMO-OFDM systems has been analyzed without system with convolutional codes alone (i.e., without the correlation channel models [37]. The block diagram concatenating multiple FECs) is presented. BIGDELI of MIMO-OFDM system with the forward error and ABOLHASSANI [39] have proposed a method for Fig. 1 High-level architecture of MIMO-OFDM system with forward error correction codes 1324 J. Cent. South Univ. (2017) 24: 1322−1343 deriving an exact closed-form transfer function (TF) for model include frequency selectivity, unfading, the convolutional code. LIU et al [40] have developed a interference and nonlinearity. Interference may result two-relay full-duplex asynchronous cooperative network in some cases, so it is not a good model for the terrestrial with the amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol and links [4]. The effect of AWGN on the concatenated error convolutional space-time coding. A three-layer decoding correction codes is investigated here. Simulation results framework for the asynchronous convolutional-coded are plotted for BPSK, QPSK, QAM-16 and QAM-64 PNC systems has been developed by YANG and system, in terms of BER with variation in the SNR ratio, LIEW [41]. as shown in Figs. 2−5, respectively. In Fig. 2, at 10 dB SNR, the BER is monotonically reduced to 0.04, 0.03 2.2 Concatenation of LDPC codes with convolutional and 0.02 for CC code, 0.03, 0.02 and 0.008 for codes RSC+CC, 0.02, 0.008 and 0.004 for LDPC+CC and GROSJEAN et al [42] have developed the 0.02, 0.004 and 10−3 for Turbo code in 2×2, 2×4 and 4×4 non-terminated systemic photograph-based LDPC, which configurations, respectively. The 4×4, 2×4 and 2×2 plot was concatenated with the convolutional code that reach the BER of 10−1 for CC at 7 dB, 8 dB and 9 dB contained high memory for achieving anytime reliability SNR, for RSC+CC at 6 dB, 7 dB and 8 dB SNR, for in an asymptotic way. The bilayer LDPC convolutional LDPC+CC at 5 dB, 6 dB and 6 dB SNR, respectively.
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