Chocolate Wars - Deborah Cadbury
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Chocolate wars - Deborah Cadbury. 2010 The 150 year rivalry between the world's greatest chocolate makers Introduction: In 2010, America's largest food company, Kraft Foods, acquired Cadbury chocolates for $16.3 billion, in one of the largest acquisitions in British corporate history. Cadbury was 186 years old Purpose of the book is to find out how this happened Part one 1 Cocoa beans were imported from the Caribbean in the mid- 1800s and consumedas a drink there was no way see way to separate the fatty cocoa from the bean Birmingham where's the start of the Cadbury Business with brothers Richard and George Steam train link was established between eight in London in 1830 2 They travelled and learned how to cook or plantation To harvest the Merrills like cocoa pods the plantation workers would break them open with the long knife The seats are beans first coat coat with a wooden spoon the flesh a pulp scraped off, and the beans dried in the sun until the pill Crimson seed turned a rich home and brown Mayans Aztecs revered it and so did the Spanish explorers, eventually finding ways into the coffee shops of Victorian England 3 They Learned their business skills and John Cadberry their father did not like the way children were exploited for cleaning chimneys in the late 1800s They respected their employees Their business experience grew 4 They faced stiff competition from company selling a range of Cocoas, like Henry Rowntree Cadbury travelled with the fry brothers In 1847, they experimented with mixing the cocoa powder with its byproduct the excess cocoa fat They had upon a way of blending the two ingredients which sugar to make a rich creamy paste The concoction where's then pressed into a mould and left to set The result: The first solid chocolate bar in Britain It was a breakthrough: A way of mass producing a chocolate product that could be eaten instead of being consumed as a drink This made chocolate portable and turned it into a totally new kind of snack - The carrier on the railways what to bring to work They needed to improve the texture and production but the cabaret brothers did not have the money 5 In 1866, George Cadbury learned about the dutch manufacturer Coenraad van Houten Who is Coco who is selling in regional towns too He discovered that established matters of boiling and skimming the beam resulted in and indigestible Coco consisting of over 50% cocoa butter They perfected a hydraulic press that reduced the Coco fat to less than 30 per cent Flower and other extras that had been used to sop up The fat we're no longer needed The result: A pure smoother drink that tasted more like chocolate and less like potato flour George Cadbury succumbed Mr. Van Hooten, and the defatting machine was sold to the Quaker gentlemen, Cadbury. It was transported to Birmingham The new Coco essence was pure and by far the most expensive cocoa drink on sale There was very little regulation of the food market - even bread could be contaminated In 1860 the government introduced the first regulations to prevent adulteration foods Part two 6 Switzerland 1870s Unknown to Cadbury to Swiss entrepreneurs had the potential to destroy the English menu factures Henri Nestle had just begun selling special type of milk flour for babies, using his own formula for creating powdered milk Send some milk turn rancid so quickly, The puzzle was how to keep milk fresh He experimented with different ways of preserving whole milk Weather using milk or milk powder, The chocolate was a gritty gravely pulp best consumed quickly before the turn rancid Nestle was sold in 1875 and at the time it was the peak of English tourism to Switzerland Nearby Rudolph Lindt, in his chocolate shop, grinned his cocoa beans for three straight days and found it came out silken and smooth and this facilitated the manufacturing process, known as Conching Switzerland was fast establishing a reputation as the land of chocolate 7 Birmingham 1870s social welfare and reform was still in its infancy The idea of material success for its own sake was abhorrent Roasting room: A modern marvel where nine large cylinders driven by steam power rotated the beans over a Coke fire. In the milling room wonderfully scented creamy chocolate liquid emerged from hated Grannite millstones lining one side of the road In 1867 the British North America act established Canada's role as a dominion within the British Empire along with the construction of the inter colonial railway in Canada From here goods could reach the best interiors of the North American continent Before there was any clear understanding of globalization they recognize that there are new and handsome factory stood at the threshold of something big 8 In the 1880s, well the Cadberry brothers at Bourneville we're finally reaping the rewards of 20 years of hard work, dear future American rifle was living hand to mouth in Colorado. Milton Hershey was struggling 9 By 1880 Britain was linked to were colonies by almost 100,000 miles of cable Spohn under the world's oceans The Cadbury brothers faced growing competition from abroad Fry's concentrated Coco was selling well 10 After van Houten sold George Cadbury bury his first Coco press, he was sitting on top of another breakthrough When van Houten edit alkaline saltsso before roasting the been, he found the Coco tasting less bitter The cocoa powder was darker strongly aromatic in all together smoother and more chocolaty Sales for the more soluble Dutch Coco soared, reaching 50% of the British market in the 1890s In Britain Coco changed from being a product that only if you could afford to a product that was on every household shopping list In 1899, Hershey salted caramel company Part three 11 It's 1899 and the cabaret team had struggled for 10 years to find a formula that could be the Swiss milk chocolate.j George Cadbury began to hear a polling report of a slave trade in Africa. Slavery was rife in the very plantations where he was buying most of his Coco: São Tomé. This was a moral blow more severe than any business setback. 12 In 1900 cabaret bought 45% open to beans from Sol tome and Principe, around present day Nigeria The two islands were under Portuguese control in slavery had nationally been abolished in Portuguese colonies during the 1870s; serpentine Quakers had pioneered campaigns against slavery for three centuries The British slave trade act of 1807 made it illegal to capture and transport slaves across the British Empire The Royal Navy intercepted more than 1600 slave ships between 1808 and 1860 and liberated 150 thousand slaves found on board 13 The slumbering American market was waking up to a chocolate tycoon of its own in the name of Milton Hershey His mixture could be blended with the ingredients from the Coco being without spoiling to produce a smooth milk chocolate Net sales sword from $1.3 million in 1906 to more than $5 million in 1911 Unable to have children cutey in Milton Hershey signed the deed of trust endowing there orphan school with 486 acres of farmland in Pennsylvania 14 Cadbury to be getting his chocolate from slaves and it was being hidden more skilfully, good I had to be stopped Cocoa is a e from Ghana was not as good as in the area of Nigeria Competition was tough between Cadbury fry and Rountree 15 World war one started in Europe in 1914 This did not affect Hershey in the US and he bought land in Cuba to increases revenues I started the Hershey Corporation Part four 16 The roaring 20s and George c Cadbury and died Forest tomorrow's was born in 1904 in America but raised in North battle ford Saskatchewanh In Chicago William Wrigley Junior was selling his candy spearmint and juicy fruit gum Baby Ruth Butterfinger Oh Henry, named after a pretty company employee who went into such a flatterer when your boyfriend arrived that all the young lady could exclaim was Ohenry 17 In World War II Cadbury factories were used to be a munitionsc From his factory in New York New Jersey Mars with unique replaced to benefit under the nurturing wing of his rival Milton Hershey Milton Hershey died in 1945 Forest Mars confirmed that money was the new religion 18 Forrest Mars Hill to know start and ordered cocoa and sugar to arrive at a certain time on a certain day to minimize the amount of capital tied up in the business By contrast Canterbury had money tied up in this large inventory 20 I rain Rosenfeld became chief executive of craft in 2006 and chairman or year later Cadbury had a large slice of the British market in Australia Africa India Singapore and Malaysia etc. Now separated from Schweppes division, Cadbury confection what is the word $16 billion with the annual sales of $8 billion For the American food giant which was five times larger Cadbury was attempting Target Much of the transformation of craft into the second largest food giant in the world happened between 1988 and 2007 under the nurturing wing of America's leading tobacco giant Phillip Morris Kraft gainful of independence from the tobacco giant in 2007 and became America's largest food and drink menu facture and a fitting challenger to Nestlé the number one food company in the world Kraft Foods began in 1903 when a Canadian entrepreneur known as jail craft open the cheese business in Chicago 21 The hotly contested takeover of Cadbury was one of the largest completed acquisitions in British history Globalization helps lift millions out of poverty and distributes a wider range of products around the world at cheaper prices than ever before This convinced Cadbury shareholders to sell .