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República De El Salvador Ficha País República de El Salvador AGOSTO DE 2016 Bandera Ficha País El Salvador país Agosto 2016 Datos 2012 2013 2014 1. DATOS BÁSICOS Económicos 1.1. Características generales Tasa crecimiento 1.9% 1.8% 2% real PIB (%) Nombre Oficial: República de El Salvador PIB por habitante $7,800 $7,900 $8,000 Gentilicio: Salvadoreño ($ corrientes) PIB absoluto $49.3 billones $50.21 $51.19 Capital: San Salvador (M. $ corrientes) billones billones Superficie total: 21,040 Km2 Composición PIB por sectores 2013 Límites: Limita al Norte y al Este con Honduras, al Industria 24.7% Oeste con Guatemala y al Sur con el Océano Agricultura 10.5% Servicios 64.8% Pacífico. Al Este, tiene frontera marítima con 1.4. Coyuntura económica Nicaragua, en el Golfo de Fonseca Idioma oficial: Español El país más pequeño de Centroamérica Moneda: Dólar Estadounidense geográficamente, El Salvador tiene la cuarta Prefijo telefónico: 00503 economía más grande de la región. Con la recesión Religión: 50% Católicos 38.2% Evangélicos mundial, el PIB real se contrajo en 2009 y el Forma de Estado: Soberano, gobierno crecimiento económico se ha mantenido bajo, con republicano, democrático y representativo con un un promedio de menos de 2% a partir de 2010 a sistema político pluralista. 2014. Las remesas representaron el 17% del PIB en 2014. En 2006, El Salvador fue el primer país en 1.2. Indicadores sociales ratificar el Acuerdo de Libre Comercio entre la Población Total 6,141,350 Crecimiento de la población 0.25% República Dominicana y Centroamérica (CAFTA-DR), anual (%) que ha reforzado la exportación de alimentos Tasa de Fecundidad (2014) 16.46 nacimientos por cada 1000 procesados, azúcar y etanol, y apoyó la inversión en personas Tasa de mortalidad 2014) 5.69 muertes por cada 1000 el sector de la ropa en medio del aumento de la personas competencia con Asia. La deuda pública de El Esperanza de vida (2014) 74.42 años Salvador ha estado creciendo en los últimos años, la Índice de desarrollo humano 0.662 IDH N° orden mundial (2014) cual asciende a unos 59% del PIB en 2014. La deuda Coeficiente de desigualdad 43.5 externa estaba por debajo del 30% del PIB en 2014. GINI (2014) En septiembre de 2014, El Salvador firmó un contrato de cinco años por $ 277.000.000 para el 1.3. Estructura del Producto Interior Bruto segundo compacto con la Corporación del Desafío El Salvador tiene la cuarta economía más grande de del Milenio (MCC) - una agencia del Gobierno de la región. Con la recesión mundial, el PIB real se Estados Unidos dirigido a estimular el crecimiento contrajo en 2009 y el crecimiento económico se ha económico y reducir la pobreza – para mejorar la mantenido desde el bajo, con un promedio de competitividad y la productividad de El Salvador en los mercados internacionales. En noviembre 2014, menos de 2% a partir de 2010 a 2014. Las remesas junto con sus homólogos de Guatemala y Honduras, representaron el 17% del PIB en 2014 y fueron el presidente Sánchez Cerén anunció el "Plan de la recibidos por cerca de un tercio de todas las casas. Alianza para la Prosperidad en el Triángulo del El crecimiento de las exportaciones sumado a un Norte". Este plan trata de abordar los desafíos que consumo interno fortalecido por el crédito y las enfrentan los tres países del Triángulo del Norte, remesas explican parte del incremento de 2,4% del incluyendo los pasos que los gobiernos tomarán PIB registrado al segundo trimestre del año 2015. para estimular el crecimiento económico, aumentar la transparencia y la responsabilidad fiscal, reducir 1 Bandera Ficha País El Salvador país Agosto 2016 la violencia, la modernización del sistema de justicia, mejorar la infraestructura, y promover las oportunidades de educación en los próximos años. 1.5. Comercio exterior El Salvador aplica el modelo de economía abierta, por ello desde de la década de los años setenta del siglo XX existe un esquema de libre comercio con los demás países del área Centro Americana, como parte del programa de integración política y comercial de la región. Durante el presente siglo y en concordancia con el esquema de globalización de la economía, el país ha mantenido un proceso constante de negociación con otras economías, para la obtención de Tratados de Libre Comercio, con la finalidad de potenciar los flujos comerciales bilaterales. Exportaciones Totales (2014) $ 4.256 billones Importaciones Totales (2014) $ 9.463 billones 1.6. Distribución del comercio exterior por países Los países más destacados en el ámbito de la exportación e importación son los siguientes: Países a los que el país exporta: US 46.5%, Honduras 14.2%, Guatemala 13.4%, Nicaragua 6.4%, Costa Rica 4.6% (2014) Países de los que el país importa: US 41%, Guatemala 9.5%, China 7.3%, México 7%, Honduras 5.3% (2014) 1.7. Inversión por productos Los productos exportados más destacados en el 2014 fueron: Las exportaciones de montaje en alta mar, café, azúcar, textiles y prendas de vestir, el oro, el etanol, productos químicos, electricidad, hierro y acero fábrica. Los productos importados más destacados en el 2014 fueron: Materias primas, bienes de consumo, bienes de capital, combustibles, alimentos, petróleo, electricidad. 2 Bandera Ficha País El Salvador país Agosto 2016 2. SITUACIÓN POLÍTICA gobierno no puede negociar con ellas y tiene que hacer uso de todos los recursos a su alcance para 2.1 Política interior combatirlas, entre ellos las fuerzas elites de la La Constitución Vigente es del año 1983 y dispone policía, ejército o tribunales específicos. La que El Salvador es un país con un sistema político sentencia prohíbe asimismo negociaciones con esos pluralista que se expresa por medio de los partidos grupos terroristas, pero dicho fallo habilita al Estado políticos, los cuales son los únicos instrumentos a buscar, incluso, ayuda internacional. para la representación del pueblo. Aspectos internos relevantes: Su territorio está organizado en 14 departamentos, Seguridad: Existen elevados niveles de violencia, 39 distritos y 262 municipios. Geográficamente los criminalidad, a mayo de 2015 los estamentos de Departamentos están agrupados en tres zonas: seguridad reportaban más de 250 ataques de Occidente, Central y Oriente. pandilleros contra las fuerzas de seguridad, han sido El Tribunal Supremo Electoral es la autoridad asesinado 24 oficiales de la policía. máxima en temas de elecciones. Constituido por Migración: Durante la década del 70 y 80 del siglo cinco magistrados y sus respectivos suplentes, tres pasado, miles de salvadoreños abandonaron su país de ellos serán electos, uno de cada uno de ternas debido a la guerra civil. No existe un censo pero las propuestas por los tres partidos políticos que hayan autoridades salvadoreñas estiman que existen obtenido mayor número de votos en la última alrededor de dos millones y medio de sus elección presidencial. Los dos Magistrados connacionales en el extranjero de los cuales el 94% restantes serán elegidos, de dos ternas propuestas residen en los Estados Unidos, de estos hay 208,000 por la Corte Suprema de Justicia y no deben tener amparados bajo un Tratado de Protección Temporal ninguna afiliación partidista y son electos por la que les permite residir y trabajar. Durante 2014, Asamblea Legislativa para un periodo de cinco años. remitieron US$ 4,217.2 millones en remesas lo que Le corresponde convocar, organizar, dirigir y vigilar representa el 17% del PIB. De acuerdo a la Agencia los procesos electorales relacionados con la de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas de EE.UU. (ICE) elección del presidente y vice presidente de la para Latinoamérica, en el año fiscal 2015 (que en República, diputados al Parlamento Estados Unidos inicia el 1 de octubre y termina el 30 Centroamericano, diputados a la Asamblea de septiembre) fueron deportados 21,920 Legislativa, y miembros de los concejos municipales. salvadoreños, y en lo que va del año fiscal 2016 la Con periodos presidenciales de cinco años. La cifra es de 6,499 repatriados. Asamblea Legislativa está conformada por 84 Conflictos sociales: Con una larga historia de diputados, los cuales pueden ser relegidos en exclusión y debilidad social, comportamientos elecciones que se efectúan cada tres años. culturales que toleran, normalizan y reproducen la Las próximas elecciones presidenciales serán en el violencia, la debilidad de las instituciones que año 2019, el ganador será el que obtenga en provoca impunidad, la carencia de una visión primera vuelta la mitad más uno, de lo contrario se compartida sobre cómo enfrentar esta celebraría una segunda vuelta entre los dos problemática junto con la no planificación de candidatos más votados. Las elecciones legislativas iniciativas han estimulado el establecimiento, la y municipales serán en el año 2018. complejidad y la reproducción de las expresiones El 24 de agosto de 2015 la Sala de lo Constitucional criminales y violentas en esta sociedad. de la Corte Suprema de Justicia (CSJ) dictó una sentencia, la cual fue firmada por unanimidad, donde declara que las pandillas deben ser consideradas como “grupos terroristas”, el 3 Bandera Ficha País El Salvador país Agosto 2016 Datos biográficos de representantes del gobierno Formación académica: •Ingeniero de profesión, graduado de la Universidad de El Salvador; con maestría en Ingeniería de la Formación y Sistemas de Empleos, de la Universidad de Toulouse, Francia; estudios de maestría en Administración y Dirección de Empresas y Administración de Recursos Humanos. •Ha realizado estudios de Programas de Alta Gerencia, en el Instituto Centroamericano de Administración de Empresas, Presidente: SALVADOR SÁNCHEZ CERÉN INCAE, de Costa Rica, y en la Universidad Centroamericana “Doctor José Simeón Cañas de El Aspectos familiares: Nació el 18 de junio de 1944, Salvador”, así como diferentes pasantías en noveno de doce hermanos, hijo de Antonio Alfonso Especialización de Conocimientos sobre los Sánchez de oficio carpintero y Dolores Hernández Sistemas Políticos y Democráticos de Estados vendedora de mercado.
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