Intelligence Memorandum Re: El Salvador-Honduras, July 15, 1969

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Intelligence Memorandum Re: El Salvador-Honduras, July 15, 1969

. No Objection To Declassification 2008/06/12 : NLN-NSC-786-2-367-5 sc-J 7g- ti~~r..ICJt:J1-- .. I .... -. !> . ' .•..•... , ... ' . •• ..... '.' . '. SeSRI'! MORAY . OCI No.·0671/6~ CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY . Dir.ectorate. of Intelli.gencQ · '- . lS July 1969' .. INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM ~ . .. ~ - . El Salvador·-Ho·nduras (S~ t\.1Ation R'eport41 - As ' of h 00 PM EDT) '1. 'rhe OAS commission is'· Arrivin9 in Guatemala at . about 1300 hours and h.aving lunch before· proceeding to San Salvador • . Their plane will attempt a landing ' in San $alvador despi·te · continuing t"eportsof attack on the airport • . 2. AirratJ:..a.aks and around fi qht:.ina on t.h_e,-""-==r-=d=e=r~a=r--,,f;J_· _ --, 25Xl · continuing. \ [ . ' Honduras is sendi'-n-g-""--~ 100 troops to the area to augment .t e: 2S~man force already there. The HondUran army has repor.tealy suffered 12 deaQ. 3 • Honduras. claims to have downed three Salvadoran · fig-.hter. pla.nes. · 1he Salvadorans had att,aoked 'l'~9'uci9'alpa at dawn and. made. ~ddit1onal forays against localities in Olancha and in f3olJthwes.t.ern Honduras. Salvadoran planes were reported making machine qun runs against the oivilian population in th~ NueVa oootepegue area. HondUran aircraf~ have st.ruok the airport at San Salv~dCir, the port of LaUn1.on., an~ the f\cajlitla oil refinery and port. ' 4. Salvadora.n President Fidel Sanchez' ' e:peecl) early this · morning m~inta . ined . a belligerent. tone. The Salvador-an oo~gress has instituted a: state of 'siege for 30 days • . 5. The Honduran ro~nister of defense has sent orders to all stations to e~pel1 ' all Salvr;\doran nationals res!di~g.in .Honduras. 8eel\'B'i' MORAY No Objection To Declassification 2008/06/12: NLN-NSC-786-2-367-5 No Objection To Declassification 2008/06/12 : NLN-NSC-786-2-367-5 .~- -..: .. : ~ • • • • SSEJ!\SIf MORAY .... : 6. The Hond 'ur~ns,' feeling they are. at ·a· military . ,di·sadvan~~ge, are seeking weapons from abroad. Th~ U. S 'j 1 as a member of the OAS .team, ,has rejected. a . re<;tuest 'for arm,s and ammuntt.ion. ;=.;....-_. r.;:;~ . l?'= . 0;::.. ~"- .' . ~.~ r=--' =-. '- ~ . C"' . f- ~ . ~ ...,.. ~- ~fS,.- ... .. =::: • ~-- _________N_o_O_b<-jection To Declassification~008/06/1~ :J:::lLN-NSC-7~-~-~7~ 5 __ .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Agricultural Abandonment, Suburban Growth, and Forest Expansion in Puerto Rico Between 1991 and 2000
Copyright © 2008 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance. Parés-Ramos, I. K., W. A. Gould, and T. Mitchell Aide. 2008. Agricultural abandonment, suburban growth, and forest expansion in Puerto Rico between 1991 and 2000.. Ecology and Society 13(2): 1. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art1/ Research, part of a Special Feature on The influence of human demography and agriculture on natural systems in the Neotropics Agricultural Abandonment, Suburban Growth, and Forest Expansion in Puerto Rico between 1991 and 2000 Isabel K. Parés-Ramos 1, William A. Gould 2, and T. Mitchell Aide 1 ABSTRACT. The response of local economies to the globalization process can have a large effect on population and land-use dynamics. In countries with a high population density and relatively high levels of education, the globalization process has resulted in a shift in the local economy from agriculture to manufacturing, technology, and service sectors. This shift in the economy has impacted land-use dynamics by decreasing agricultural lands, increasing urban growth, and in some cases, increasing forest cover. This process of economic and forest transition has been well documented in Puerto Rico for the period 1950 to 1990, but some authors predicted that poor planning and continued urban growth would eliminate the gains in forest cover. To investigate the impacts of recent economic changes, we evaluated demographic and land-use changes for 880 “barrios” (i.e., neighborhoods), the smallest administrative unit, in Puerto Rico using government census data from 1990 and 2000 and land-cover classifications from 1991 and 2000.
[Show full text]
Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua): Patterns of Human Rights Violations
writenet is a network of researchers and writers on human rights, forced migration, ethnic and political conflict WRITENET writenet is the resource base of practical management (uk) independent analysis e-mail: [email protected] CENTRAL AMERICA (GUATEMALA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, NICARAGUA): PATTERNS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS A Writenet Report by Beatriz Manz (University of California, Berkeley) commissioned by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Status Determination and Protection Information Section (DIPS) August 2008 Caveat: Writenet papers are prepared mainly on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. The papers are not, and do not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. The views expressed in the paper are those of the author and are not necessarily those of Writenet or UNHCR. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ................................................................................ iii 1 Introduction........................................................................................1 1.1 Regional Historical Background ................................................................1 1.2 Regional Contemporary Background........................................................2 1.3 Contextualized Regional Gang Violence....................................................4
[Show full text]
Civilian Killings and Disappearances During Civil War in El Salvador (1980–1992)
DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH A peer-reviewed, open-access journal of population sciences DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VOLUME 41, ARTICLE 27, PAGES 781–814 PUBLISHED 1 OCTOBER 2019 http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol41/27/ DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2019.41.27 Research Article Civilian killings and disappearances during civil war in El Salvador (1980–1992) Amelia Hoover Green Patrick Ball c 2019 Amelia Hoover Green & Patrick Ball. This open-access work is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Germany (CC BY 3.0 DE), which permits use, reproduction, and distribution in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are given credit. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/legalcode Contents 1 Introduction 782 2 Background 783 3 Methods 785 3.1 Methodological overview 785 3.2 Assumptions of the model 786 3.3 Data sources 787 3.4 Matching and merging across datasets 790 3.5 Stratiﬁcation 792 3.6 Estimation procedure 795 4 Results 799 4.1 Spatial variation 799 4.2 Temporal variation 802 4.3 Global estimates 803 4.3.1 Sums over strata 805 5 Discussion 807 6 Conclusions 808 References 810 Demographic Research: Volume 41, Article 27 Research Article Civilian killings and disappearances during civil war in El Salvador (1980–1992) Amelia Hoover Green1 Patrick Ball2 Abstract BACKGROUND Debate over the civilian toll of El Salvador’s civil war (1980–1992) raged throughout the conﬂict and its aftermath. Apologists for the Salvadoran regime claimed no more than 20,000 had died, while some activists placed the toll at 100,000 or more.
[Show full text]
Costa Rica Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala
Eaton’s mission is to improve Combining our electrical and Because we never lose sight of the quality of life and the vehicle expertise, our eMobility what matters. And it's our job to environment through the use of business supports the world’s make sure it works. power management growing electric vehicle market. technologies and services. We provide sustainable solutions We are powered by our vision, that help our customers Every day, all around the world, driven by strategy, guided by effectively manage electrical, people depend on technology, our aspirational goals and hydraulic and mechanical transportation, energy and committed to doing business power – more safely, more infrastructure to live, work and right. efficiently and more reliably. thrive. And the companies who Eaton’s 2019 revenues were provide these products and Media contact $21.4 billion, and we sell services depend on us to help products to customers in more solve some of the toughest Yunuel Ramirez than 175 countries. electrical, hydraulic and mechanical (+52 55) 228. 257.52 power management challenges on [email protected] Today, we have presence in 20 the planet. countries throughout the region. And more than 20,900 employees Central America & Caribbean South America in more than 68 sites. Costa Rica Argentina In Latin America, we operate across both the Electrical and Dominican Republic Bolivia Industrial sectors. El Salvador Brazil Our Aerospace Group designs, manufactures and integrates advanced solutions for aircraft. Guatemala Chile From individual components, to Honduras Colombia custom-engineered solutions, our Hydraulics Group a partner of choice for motion and control Jamaica Ecuador products.
[Show full text]
El Salvador Case Study
International Alert. Local Business, Local Peace: the Peacebuilding Potential of the Domestic Private Sector Case study El Salvador* * This document is an extract from Local Business, Local Peace: the Peacebuilding Potential of the Domestic Private Sector, published in 2006 by the UK-based peacebuilding NGO International Alert. Full citation should be provided in any referencing. © International Alert, 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication, including electronic materials, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without full attribution. El Salvador El Salvador: a firm grip on the peace process Angelika Rettberg In January 1992, a peace agreement between the government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation, FMLN) put an end to 12 years of civil war. An important part of the Salvadoran private sector acted as a crucial interlocutor in this process, shaping the design of negotiations and the implementation of the final agreement. Many private sector leaders participated, both formally and informally, in negotiations and government advisory teams and business as a whole threw its weight behind Alfredo Cristiani, the president who led the peace talks. They actively promoted and were involved in conflict-related research and dedicated resources to support former FMLN combatants’ attendance at Central American graduate schools to foster the development of their managerial and other skills. Previous attempts at negotiating an end to the Salvadoran conflict had encountered business resistance. For example, José Napoleón Duarte, president from 1984-89, shocked the business community with a reform package aimed at redistributing wealth.1 However, by the end of the 1980s a convergence of factors produced a favourable climate for private sector support to peace negotiations.
[Show full text]
Antigua and Barbuda Country Statistics
Connecting for health Antigua and Barbuda Country statistics Canada WHO region: Americas Turks & Caicos Is Total population: 73,000 Haiti USA Dominican Republic Bermuda Puerto Rico GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 10,931 Mexico US/UK Virgin Is Bahamas Antigua & Barbuda, Anguilla, Cayman Is Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 70.0/75.0 Cuba Montserrat, Saint Kitts & Nevis Belize Guadeloupe Guatemala Dominica Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 60.1/63.6 El Salvador Jamaica Saint Lucia/Martinique Honduras Barbados Nicaragua Venezuela Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 13/11 Colombia Grenada Costa Rica Trinidad & Tobago Panama Ecuador Guyana Suriname Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 193/122 Brazil French Guiana Peru Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 527 Bolivia Paraguay Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 4.8 Argentina Chile Uruguay Figures are for 2003 unless indicated. Falklands/Malvinos Source: The world health report 2005. Geneva, WHO, 2005. Causes of death, Region of the Americas Mortality stratum Stratum B B: Low child, low adult Countries in regional mortality stratum Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Injuries 12% Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Communicable diseases Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and (including maternal causes) 15% Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of). Noncommunicable conditions 70% HIV, TB, malaria 3% Source: The world health report 2004. Geneva, WHO, 2004. Selected demographic indicators Selected country expenditure (% GDP) 100 10 GDP: 720 962 900 USD Urban Private 75 Rural % 7.5 Public Total GDP % Total 50 5 Not available 25 Not available Not available 2.5 0 0 Population Access to Access to Adult Population Health ICT Education impr.
[Show full text]
República De El Salvador
Ficha País República de El Salvador AGOSTO DE 2016 Bandera Ficha País El Salvador país Agosto 2016 Datos 2012 2013 2014 1. DATOS BÁSICOS Económicos 1.1. Características generales Tasa crecimiento 1.9% 1.8% 2% real PIB (%) Nombre Oficial: República de El Salvador PIB por habitante $7,800 $7,900 $8,000 Gentilicio: Salvadoreño ($ corrientes) PIB absoluto $49.3 billones $50.21 $51.19 Capital: San Salvador (M. $ corrientes) billones billones Superficie total: 21,040 Km2 Composición PIB por sectores 2013 Límites: Limita al Norte y al Este con Honduras, al Industria 24.7% Oeste con Guatemala y al Sur con el Océano Agricultura 10.5% Servicios 64.8% Pacífico. Al Este, tiene frontera marítima con 1.4. Coyuntura económica Nicaragua, en el Golfo de Fonseca Idioma oficial: Español El país más pequeño de Centroamérica Moneda: Dólar Estadounidense geográficamente, El Salvador tiene la cuarta Prefijo telefónico: 00503 economía más grande de la región. Con la recesión Religión: 50% Católicos 38.2% Evangélicos mundial, el PIB real se contrajo en 2009 y el Forma de Estado: Soberano, gobierno crecimiento económico se ha mantenido bajo, con republicano, democrático y representativo con un un promedio de menos de 2% a partir de 2010 a sistema político pluralista. 2014. Las remesas representaron el 17% del PIB en 2014. En 2006, El Salvador fue el primer país en 1.2. Indicadores sociales ratificar el Acuerdo de Libre Comercio entre la Población Total 6,141,350 Crecimiento de la población 0.25% República Dominicana y Centroamérica (CAFTA-DR), anual (%) que ha reforzado la exportación de alimentos Tasa de Fecundidad (2014) 16.46 nacimientos por cada 1000 procesados, azúcar y etanol, y apoyó la inversión en personas Tasa de mortalidad 2014) 5.69 muertes por cada 1000 el sector de la ropa en medio del aumento de la personas competencia con Asia.
[Show full text]
NSIAD-91-166 El Salvador: Military Assistance Has Helped Counter But
ll~liftvl St.at,ths (;thnt*ral At~t~ollrll,irrb~~fi~e ___ “.-- -.__II..,“-1- __..I ._ ..” _^“_l_ __“”..__ _,. ._. .._... ,”.. *“, 11- -_-_._.... __-. --.-----l_-..-.--- -_--_---- Report, t,o the I-IorWY~able GAO Kd ward M. Kcmr~ody, IJ .S. Stmde .l__l-l” _-_1 “--m-“1.. April I!)91 EL SALVADOR Military Assistance Has Helped Counter but Not Overcome the Insurgency -.-“_(- _.~ ._-. _.- _-.l___l_^-__l_-__ - -... -“----p--m- -.-.-- --- National Security and International Affairs Division B-242216 April 23,199l The Honorable Edward M. Kennedy United States Senate Dear Senator Kennedy: In responseto your request, this report describeswhat impact U.S. military assistanceto El Salvador has had on that country’s ability to counter insurgent forces, how the assistance has changed that country’s military capabilities, and how the assistancehas attempted to instill and support respect for democracy and human rights. Unless you release its contents earlier, we plan no further distribution of this report until 30 days from its issue date. At that time, we will send copies of the report to appropriate congressional committees and the Secretariesof Defenseand State. Major contributors to this report are listed in appendix I. If you have any questions, please call me on (202) 2754128. Sincerely yours, Joseph E. Kelley Director, Security and International Relations Issues l3xecutive Swnmary Since 1980, the United States has provided over $1 billion in military aid Purpose to El Salvador to assist the government in its fight against an insur- gency. Senator Edward M. Kennedy requested that GAO review the U.S.
[Show full text]
El Salvador ICRC Worldwide Consultation on the Rules of War
PEOPLE ON WAR Country report El Salvador ICRC worldwide consultation on the rules of war Report by Greenberg Research, Inc. EVEN WARS HAVE LIMITS EVEN WARS HAVE LIMITS EVEN WARS HAVE LIMITS EVEN WARS HAVE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS About the People on War project To mark the 50th anniversary of the modern Geneva Conventions (on 12 August 1999), the ICRC launched its People on War project with the aim of building greater respect for fundamental humanitarian principles. At centre stage is a worldwide consultation giving the general public a chance to air their views on the many facets of war. The idea was that civilians and combatants alike would be able to share their experiences, express their opinions on what basic rules should apply in war, discuss why those rules sometimes break down and look at what the future holds. With this in mind, the ICRC commissioned Greenberg Research, Inc. to design a research programme that would enable people to be heard in the most effective way possible. Under the guidance of Greenberg Research, ICRC staff and Red Cross and Red Crescent volunteers carried out this consultation in 12 countries (Afghanistan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cambodia, Colombia, El Salvador, Georgia/ Abkhazia, Israel, the occupied territories and the autonomous territories, Lebanon, Nigeria, Philippines, Somalia and South Africa), conducting in-depth, face-to-face interviews, group discussions and national public opinion surveys. Surveys on the basis of a questionnaire only were conducted in a further five countries (France, Russian Federation, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States) in order to reflect these people’s perceptions of war.
[Show full text]
Rafael López López Camuy, PR 787.356.7382 [email protected]
Rafael López López Camuy, PR 787.356.7382 [email protected] Rafael “Rafy” Lopez is the owner of El Remanso Dairy Farm, a second-generation dairy farm in Puerto Rico established in 1961. A member of the Holstein USA Association since March 1983. He graduated from Michigan State University in 1980, with a bachelors in Dairy Science. While in MSU, he was coached in dairy cattle judging by Professor Lon D. McGilliard. As a breeder, he has developed the first homozygous bull for Slick Gene in Holstein cattle and the first bull from Puerto Rico to be entered in an AI company in the USA. “Rafy” has judged dairy shows in his native Puerto Rico and National and regional shows in the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Panama, and Peru. He has judged categories of Holstein, Brown Swiss, Jerseys and mixed in over 30 fairs and National Shows. Rafy has been involved in several Dairy organizations; he was president of the Puerto Rico Holstein Association, he is a current member of the board of directors of the P.R.D.H.I.A, and the A.P.L.C.Q (Dairy farmers coop). He continuously collaborates with FFA, 4-H clubs and the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus (Land grant college), either training for dairy cattle judging, providing animals for research or work experience, as well as receiving groups of students at his dairy farm. Top five most significant judging experiences: • 2014 Puno, Peru - 2 days of judging over 230 animals, all Brown Swiss • 2005 San Miguel, El Salvador - This show had very large classes of over 40 cows • 2009 Puerto Rico National Dairy Show - It meant the most to be able to judge in my own country • 2012 Dominican Republic, National Show • 2011 Azuero, Panama - First time judging cross breed animal Besides judging type conformation classes, this judge also enjoys: • Youth Shows.
[Show full text]
Capital Flows to Latin America and the Caribbean: 2020 Year-In-Review in Times of COVID-19 (LC/WAS/TS.2021/1), Santiago, 2021
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA ECLAC Office in Washington, D.C. AND THE CARIBBEAN Capital flows to Latin America and the Caribbean 2020 year-in-review in times of COVID-19 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA ECLAC Office in Washington, D.C. AND THE CARIBBEAN Capital flows to Latin America and the Caribbean 2020 year-in-review in times of COVID-19 This document has been prepared by Helvia Velloso, Economic Affairs Officer, under the supervision of Inés Bustillo, Chief of the Washington Office of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. The report has been prepared based on market views and developments. All data and information are from market sources, unless otherwise noted. United Nations publication LC/WAS/TS.2021/1 Copyright © United Nations, March 2021 All rights reserved Printed at United Nations, Santiago 21-00096 This publication should be cited as: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Capital flows to Latin America and the Caribbean: 2020 year-in-review in times of COVID-19 (LC/WAS/TS.2021/1), Santiago, 2021. Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Documents and Publications Division, [email protected]. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction.
[Show full text]
El Salvador / January 2021
FACT SHEET > El Salvador / January 2021 El Salvador 71,500 internally displaced 51,437 confirmed cases and 1,509 UNHCR is appealing for people between 2006 and 2016 deaths due to COVID-19 by18 January USD 19 million to support according to a profiling exercise 2021 (4,705 active cases). 1 vulnerable people in need led by the Government. of protection in El Salvador. June 2020 Operational Context Communities in El Salvador are severely affected by gang violence, extortion, threats to life and sexual violence, as well as other serious human rights violations. This violence has led to the forced displacement of persons seeking protection and access to basic services and livelihood opportunities. According to a profiling exercise on forced internal displacement led by the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, 71,500 individuals were displaced throughout the country between 2006 and 2016. In January 2020, El Salvador passed legislation to protect, aid and offer durable solutions to people internally displaced due to violence as well as those who may be at risk of displacement. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are increasing gaps and inequalities in El Salvador, deepening structural weaknesses such as chronic violence and affecting the economy. The health crisis will have a greater impact on vulnerable and low-income households, people with disabilities, children, elderly, indigenous, women, LGBTI population, and displaced or at-risk population. The country is also highly vulnerable to climate risks, threatening food security, water, livelihoods, agricultural production, accentuating the lack of work and resources. Operational context El Salvador is one of the countries with the highest rate of violence in the world, being the youth, women and VenezuelaLGBTI persons Situation the ones who more frequently experience serious human rights violations.
[Show full text]