Reprinted with permission . Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era Lorenzo Cultural Center – February - May 2008 Introduction Welcome to Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era at the Lorenzo Cultural Center. Students will discover both the universal and the unique about this turbulent and momentous age through a series of exhibits employing video, audio, photos, posters and artifacts about the Civil War. Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era covers the political prelude to the war; Michigan’s vital role in the Underground Railroad; why Michiganders fought and the elements of daily life for the soldiers on both sides; ways doctors tried to save the men from battle wounds and disease while in the field; how those on the home front learned about the events of the war through letters and journalism; finally, how peace was achieved and why we continue to study and learn from it. Diverse topics include: music and clothing of the time period, the Underground Railroad, life of a Civil War soldier, Michigan’s role in the Civil War, Civil War prisons, medicine, and money of the era. This packet of information is designed to assist teachers in making the most of their students’ visit to the Lorenzo Cultural Center. Contained in the packet are: 1) An outline of the exhibit 2) Facts, information and activities related to the Civil War 3) Lesson plans related to the Civil War 4) Websites for Civil War research 5) A resource list with addresses and information 2 Reprinted with permission. Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era Lorenzo Cultural Center – February – May 2008 Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era February – May, 2008 Table of Contents Page Part I: Exhibit Outline . 4 Part II: Civil War Facts and Information . 5 Civil War Timeline . 5 Abraham Lincoln. 7 Slavery and the Underground Railroad . 8 Recruiting for the Civil War . 9 A Soldier’s Life . 9 Profiles of Michigan Soldiers . 10 Civil War Battlefield Medicine. 12 Civil War Prisons . .13 Life on the Civil War Home Front . 14 Memorialization of the Dead. 15 Part III: Lesson Plans for the Classroom . 16 The Compromises of 1820 & 1850 . 16 Quiz on Abolitionists . 17 Underground Railroad Code Words and Phrases . 18 Child of the Underground Railroad: Malinda Paris, A Memorial . 19 Make a Civil War Flag . 22 Wartime Correspondence. 24 Civil War Medicine Vocabulary . 26 Exploring the Grace Bedell Letter. 28 Part IV: Websites for Further Research . 29 Part V: More Civil War Resources . 31 3 Reprinted with permission. Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era Lorenzo Cultural Center – February – May 2008 Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era February – May, 2008 PART I: EXHIBIT OUTLINE Welcome to Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era Even though a battle was never fought in the state, Michigan’s contribution to the Civil War effort was important and useful. Twenty-three percent of Michigan’s male population or over 90,000 men, fought to preserve the Union. Explore the history and the horrors surrounding the deadliest war in the United States’ past. Our displays and exhibits highlight: ~ Political Prelude to War: Reasons for Secession ~ Michigan’s Role as a Station on the Underground Railroad ~ Michigan’s Entry into the War ~ A Soldier’s Life: The Horrors of War ~ Life on the Homefront: Rallying ‘Round the Flags 4 Reprinted with permission. Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era Lorenzo Cultural Center – February – May 2008 PART II: CIVIL WAR FACTS AND INFORMATION CIVIL WAR TIMELINE The American Civil War (1861-1865) pitted brother against brother in a new land which needed unification more than it needed to be divided, and it cost hundreds of thousands of lives, not to mention the several thousand it crippled forever. Armies were made up of poorly trained, poorly clothed, poorly equipped, and poorly fed individuals. Yet, soldiers from both sides fought with uncommon bravery, even when they knew they wouldn't make it to the end of the day. The Civil War gave birth to heroes. Men such as General Ulysses S. Grant, General Robert E. Lee, and of course, the Great Emancipator himself, President Abraham Lincoln, who abolished slavery, upholding Thomas Jefferson's decree that "All men are created equal." Prelude to War The War Begins: January – June 1820 - The Missouri Compromise is negotiated 1861 allowing Maine to be admitted to the Union as January and February- Mississippi, Florida, a Free State and Missouri as a slave state Alabama, Georgia, Texas, and Louisiana maintaining a balance between free and slave secede from the Union states. February 8- the Provisional Constitution of the 1838 - The Underground Railroad is formally Confederacy is adopted in Montgomery, organized by Robert Purvis Alabama and Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as President of the Confederacy 1850 - The Fugitive Slave Act requires the North to capture and return escaped slaves April 12, 4:30 am - South Carolina's Fort Sumter is fired upon by the Confederates - the 1852 - Uncle Tom’s Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Civil War begins Stowe, incenses the South April 15- President Lincoln issues a 1854 - The Kansas-Nebraska Act passes proclamation announcing an "insurrection," and Congress and thus overturns the Missouri calls for 75,000 troops to be raised Compromise Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and 1857 - In March, the Supreme Court handed Tennessee secede from the Union down the Dred Scott Decision ruling that blacks are not U.S. citizens The War Ensues: July 1861-April 1862 1859- John Brown stages a raid on Harpers July 4, 1861- Lincoln gives a speech to Ferry Congress and the Congress authorizes a call for 500,000 men November 1860- Abraham Lincoln is elected president. Lincoln received 40% of the popular July 21 -The Union Army suffers a defeat at vote and won 59% of the Electoral votes. He Bull Run, 25 miles southwest of Washington was not even on the ballot in the Deep South February 22, 1862-President Lincoln issues On December 20, 1860- South Carolina votes General War Order No. 1 calling for all United to secede from the Union States naval and land forces to begin a general advance 5 Reprinted with permission. Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era Lorenzo Cultural Center – February – May 2008 The Confederates surprise Grant's unprepared September 1863-December 1864 troops at Shiloh on the Tennessee River November 19, 1863- President Lincoln resulting in a bitter struggle with 13,000 Union delivers the Gettysburg Address, a two minute and 10,000 Confederates killed or wounded speech that has come to symbolize the definition of democracy itself, at a ceremony June-December 1862 dedicating the battlefield as a National Gen. Robert E. Lee assumes command of the Cemetery Army of Northern Virginia In Virginia, Grant with an Army of 120,000 75,000 Union troops are defeated by 55,000 begins advancing toward Richmond to engage Confederates at the second battle of Bull Run Lee's Army, now numbering 64,000 Lee invades the North with 50,000 Abraham Lincoln is re-elected president Confederates and heads for Harpers Ferry carrying all but three states September 17- was the bloodiest day in U.S. After destroying Atlanta's warehouses and military history as the Confederate Armies are railroad facilities in November, Sherman stopped at Antietam in Maryland. By nightfall begins his march to the sea 26,000 men are dead, wounded, or missing The War Ends: 1865 January-August 1863 April 2- Grant's forces begin a general advance January 1- President Lincoln issues the final and break through Lee's lines eventually Emancipation Proclamation; the war to capturing the Confederate Capital in Richmond preserve the Union now becomes a and raise the Stars and Stripes revolutionary struggle for the abolition of slavery April 9- Gen. Robert E. Lee surrenders his Confederate Army to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in In early May- the Union Army is defeated by Virginia Lee's much smaller forces at the Battle of Chancellorsville in Virginia; Confederate Gen. April 14, the Stars and Stripes is Stonewall Jackson is mortally wounded by his ceremoniously raised over Fort Sumter and own soldiers Lincoln is shot as he and his wife Mary see the play "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theater June 3- General Lee, with 75,000 Confederates launches a campaign that will soon lead to April 15 President Abraham Lincoln dies at Gettysburg 7:22 in the morning and is laid to rest on May 4 in Oak Ridge Cemetery, outside Springfield, July 1-3- the tide of war turns against the South Illinois as the Confederates are defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg May 26 Remaining Confederate forces surrender and July 4- the last Confederate stronghold on the the nation is reunited as the Civil War ends Mississippi River, surrenders to Gen. Grant at Vicksburg after a six week siege On December 6, the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is finally ratified August, the President meets with Frederick – slavery is abolished Douglass who pushes for full equality for Union 'Negro’ troops 6 Reprinted with permission. Michigan’s Fight for Freedom: The Civil War Era Lorenzo Cultural Center – February – May 2008 ABRAHAM LINCOLN When Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860, seven slave states left the Union to form the Confederate States of America, and four more joined when hostilities began between the North and South. The Civil War then engulfed the nation as Lincoln vowed to preserve the Union, enforce the laws of the United States, and end the secession. Almost all historians judge Lincoln as the greatest President in American history because of the way he exercised leadership during the war and the impact of that leadership on the moral and political character of the nation.