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The Hero's Journey

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The Hero's Journey The Use of Joseph Campbell’s “The Hero’s Journey” in Harry Potter Joseph Campbell is a mythologist who studied all of the great human myths and religious tales. He realized, in studying these myths and tales, that there were certain steps that every hero went through. He called this “The Hero’s Journey.” He first divided “The Hero’s Journey” into three main parts: Departure (part I), Initiation (part II) and Return (part III) (Campbell ix). Campbell then subdivided these three parts into a total of seventeen total steps. In the Departure, there are five steps: 1) The Call to Adventure, 2) The Refusal of the Call, 3) Supernatural Aid, 4) The Crossing of the First Threshold, and 5) The Belly of the Whale. In the Initiation, there are six steps: 1) The Road of Trials, 2) The Meeting with the Goddess, 3) Woman as the Temptress, 4) Atonement with the Father, 5) Apotheosis, and 6) The Ultimate Boon. In the Return, there are another six steps: 1) Refusal of the Return, 2) The Magic Flight (Campbell ix), 3) Rescue from Without, 4) The Crossing of the Return Threshold, 5) The Master of Two Worlds, and 6) Freedom to Live (Campbell x). It is important to note that not all of these individual steps are present in every hero’s tale, nor is it important that they be in this exact order (Vogler). After Campbell studied a lot of the great myths and realized this pattern, he published his findings in his book The Hero With a Thousand Faces, first published in 1949. Ever since then, authors have used “The Hero’s Journey” as an outline to tell their stories. One of the best-known examples of “The Hero’s Journey” from contemporary popular culture is the Harry Potter book series, written by J.K. Rowling. The Departure starts off with the Call to Adventure. As Campbell puts it, “[a] blunder— apparently the merest chance—reveals an unsuspected world, and the individual [the hero] is drawn into a relationship with forces that are not rightly understood” (51). This blunder causes ripples, and the largest ripple is called the herald—the being that calls the hero to adventure (Campbell 51). “But whether small or great, and no matter what the stage or grade of life, the call rings up the curtain, always, on a mystery of transfiguration—a rite, or moment, of spiritual passage, which, when complete, amounts to a dying and a birth. The familiar life horizon has been outgrown; the old concepts, ideals, and emotional patterns no longer fit; the time for the passing of a threshold is at hand” (Campbell 51). Next comes the hero’s Refusal of the Call. Sometimes, the hero’s culture teaches that adventuring beyond the known world is wrong (Campbell 59). “Some of the victims [those that refuse their call] remain spellbound forever (at least, so far as we are told), but others are destined to be saved [and eventually accept the call]” (Campbell 63). The fact that the hero may originally refuse the call does not mean that there will not be an adventure and that the hero won’t go on his or her quest. As Campbell writes, “Not all who hesitate are lost” (Campbell 64). The Call to Adventure in the Harry Potter series is quite easy to point out. It occurs near the beginning of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. The herald, Rubeus Hagrid, tells Harry that he’s a wizard and explains Harry’s past (Rowling Sorcerer’s 50). The Refusal of the Call is also quite obvious: “Hagrid looked at Harry with warmth and respect blazing in his eyes, but Harry, instead of feeling pleased and proud, felt quite sure there had been a horrible mistake. A wizard? Him?” (Rowling Sorcerer’s 57). Along the hero’s journey, the hero is given a Supernatural Aid. Campbell puts it best: “[The] first encounter of the hero-journey is with a protective figure (often a little old crone or old man) who provides the adventurer with amulets against the dragon forces he is about to pass” (69). This could take the form of an old wizard or just someone to be a friend to the hero who helps them through his or her quest. In Harry’s case, he has two Supernatural Aids: Hagrid and Albus Dumbledore, the headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, who becomes something of a father figure to Harry. Hagrid took Harry to get his wand, which is the major weapon that Harry uses in his fight against Voldemort, the supreme evil (Rowling Sorcerer’s 85). Dumbledore, on the other hand, mentors Harry through his fight against Voldemort. In addition, Dumbledore gives Harry the Cloak in Invisibility (Rowling Sorcerer’s 202), which later comes up in Harry’s Initiation as a part of the Ultimate Boon. We also find out that Harry and Voldemort’s wand have the same wand core: a phoenix feather from Dumbledore’s phoenix, Fawkes (Rowling Goblet 697). The next step in the hero’s journey is the Crossing of the First Threshold. The hero starts to adventure, but eventually gets to the edge of the known land and must travel out into the unknown. First, however, the hero must get past the threshold guardian into the land of the unknown, the land of power (Campbell 77). This threshold is usually the first real danger that the hero comes across. The Crossing of the First Threshold occurs at the end of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. At the end of the first book, Harry encounters Voldemort for the second time, but it’s really the first time that any battle with Voldemort is explained in detail. Granted, up to this point, he has left the familiar life of Number Four, Privet Drive behind, but he’s still going to school, which he’s always done. This is the first time that Harry really gets to fight the supreme evil (Rowling Sorcerer’s 294). After Crossing the First Threshold, the hero is thrown into the Belly of the Whale. “The hero, instead of conquering or conciliating the power of the threshold, is swallowed into the unknown, and would appear to have died” (Campbell 90). During this time where the hero is thought to be dead, the hero is actually waiting to be reborn, in a sense. After the hero’s first encounter with the forces of evil, he or she is now wiser, and knows more what to expect. The Departure encases the hero’s leaving of the familiar and the hero’s first encounter with the forces of evil. Harry’s Departure completes in the Belly of the Whale directly after his first battle with Voldemort, when he wakes up in the Hospital Wing. In the Belly of the Whale, the hero is often thought to have died. Dumbledore admits that he thought he may have been too late in arriving to save Harry from Voldemort (Rowling Sorcerer’s 297). In addition to this, we learn that Harry has not completely defeated the ultimate evil (Rowling Sorcerer’s 298). After the hero’s Departure comes the Initiation. This process starts with the Road of Trials. This is mostly a series of troubles that the hero comes across that he or she deals with in the ultimate journey to defeat the forces of evil (Campbell 97). The next few books tell of Harry’s Road of Trials. In book two, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry kills a giant snake that has been terrorizing the school (320) and defeats a younger version of Voldemort that attempted to come back to life through the use of his old diary (322). In the next book, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Voldemort’s faithful servant Peter Pettigrew, previously thought to be Harry’s friend Ron’s pet rat Scabbers, escapes (381). In addition to this, Harry defeats a large amount of Dementors, soul-sucking creatures who defend the wizard prison Azkaban (Rowling Prisoner 411), and saves his godfather, Sirius, who was wrongly accused of killing thirteen people (Rowling Prisoner 415). The Road of Trials continues in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, where Harry is thrown into the Triwizard Tournament, an ancient competition between three of Europe’s best magic schools, where he must complete three tasks. In the first task, Harry must obtain a golden dragon egg from a nesting mother (Rowling Goblet 356). In the second task, Harry has to save his friend Ron from the merpeople in the school lake (Rowling Goblet 505). The final task involves traversing a maze and getting to the Triwizard Cup at the center in order to win the tournament. Harry reaches the cup at the same time as another competitor from the same school, and so they both touch it and are whisked away from the maze. In a lot of the myths, the father-figure is seen as over-bearing and nightmarish. Campbell writes, “[The] archetypal nightmare of the ogre father is made actual in the ordeals of primitive initiation” (137). Therefore, this meeting with the father-figure is often another fight of the forces of good and evil. In Harry’s case, the Atonement with the Father occurs when Voldemort is resurrected, with Pettigrew brewing a potion that grew Voldemort a body. Rowling writes: The thin man stepped out of the cauldron, staring at Harry…and Harry stared back into the face that had haunted his nightmares for three years. Whiter than a skull, with wide, livid scarlet eyes and a nose that was flat as a snake’s with slits for nostrils….
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