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Dual Mode Vehicle and Infrastructure Alternative Analysis Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA/TX-08/0-5827-1 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date DUAL MODE VEHICLE AND INFRASTRUCTURE October 2007 ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS Published: April 2008 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Christine Ehlig-Economides and Jim Longbottom Report 0-5827-1 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering Dwight Look College of Engineering 11. Contract or Grant No. Texas A&M University Project 0-5827 College Station, Texas 77843-3116 and Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas 77843-3135 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Technical Report: Research and Technology Implementation Office September 2006-August 2007 P.O. Box 5080 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, Texas 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Project Title: Alternatives Analysis for Initial and Future TxDOT Deployment of a Dual Mode, Automated Transportation System URL: http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5827-1.pdf 16. Abstract The United States has a transportation challenge that requires addressing four issues simultaneously: traffic congestion, environmental pollution, safety, and energy security. A potential solution to these transportation challenges is the concept of an electrified guideway infrastructure providing energy in real time to automated vehicles. This project surveyed existing electrified advanced transportation concepts and selected five systems for evaluation of their technology readiness. None of the systems evaluated were judged ready for commercialization, but potential benefits of the technology warrant further development. Stakeholder interviews and a survey of collaboration mechanisms identified organizational and research paths that would enable accelerated development of a system capable of handling personal vehicles, public transit, and driverless freight movement on a common 21st century infrastructure. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Energy, Congestion, Safety, Emissions, Dual Mode, No restrictions. This document is available to the Electric Vehicle, Personal Rapid Transit public through NTIS: National Technical Information Service Springfield, Virginia 22161 http://www.ntis.gov 19. Security Classif.(of this report) 20. Security Classif.(of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 136 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized DUAL MODE VEHICLE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS by Christine Ehlig-Economides, Ph.D. Professor Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering Dwight Look College of Engineering Texas A&M University and Jim Longbottom TEES Associate Research Scientist Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering Dwight Look College of Engineering Texas A&M University Report 0-5827-1 Project 0-5827 Project Title: Alternatives Analysis for Initial and Future TxDOT Deployment of a Dual Mode, Automated Transportation System Performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration October 2007 Published: April 2008 HAROLD VANCE DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Dwight Look College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77843-3116 and TEXAS TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE The Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas 77843-3135 DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) or the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was conducted in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Project members extend thanks to the TxDOT project director Duncan Stewart and program coordinator Tonia Norman, and to members of the Project Management Committee (PMC) including Loretta Brown, Teresa Lemons, Don Lewis, Jackie Ploch, M. Kim Soucek, and Orlando Jamandre, Jr. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY—A CHALLENGE AND BOLD SOLUTION ............................. 1 1. RESEARCH METHOD OVERVIEW .................................................................................. 5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND BACKGROUND ............................................................... 7 Transportation Demand .............................................................................................................. 7 Congestion and Demographics ................................................................................................... 8 Energy Security ......................................................................................................................... 11 Emissions .................................................................................................................................. 13 Safety ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Roadway Costs.......................................................................................................................... 15 A View into the Future ............................................................................................................. 16 Why Focus on Automation ....................................................................................................... 19 Personal Rapid Transit and Dual Mode System History .......................................................... 20 Recent PRT Studies .................................................................................................................. 23 Current Department of Energy and Department of Transportation Technology Pathways ...... 25 ITS/VII .................................................................................................................................. 25 PNGV .................................................................................................................................... 25 FreedomCAR ........................................................................................................................ 26 Efficiency Myth ........................................................................................................................ 28 3. DUAL MODE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION .............................................................. 31 System Requirements................................................................................................................ 31 Technology Options .................................................................................................................. 32 Technology Readiness Levels Summary .................................................................................. 35 4. A PATH FORWARD—EFFECTING NETWORKED SYSTEM CHANGE ................. 39 An Equilibrium Shift................................................................................................................. 39 Collaboration............................................................................................................................. 42 Who Are the Stakeholders and How Is Consensus Built? ........................................................ 45 Stakeholder Comments/Insight ................................................................................................. 46 A Dual Mode Benefits Coalition .............................................................................................. 48 A Policy of Flexibility and Competition ................................................................................... 50 Value of Competition ............................................................................................................ 51 Electric Grid and Homeland Security Impact ....................................................................... 52 Transit System and Funding Impact ..................................................................................... 52 Use of Corridor Authority for Demonstration Pilots ............................................................ 53 A Method of Monitoring Progress ............................................................................................ 53 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................... 55 vii REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 59 APPENDIX A: DUAL MODE STAKEHOLDER/CUSTOMER ASSESSMENT ............... 63 A-1.0. Introduction.................................................................................................................... 65 A-2.0. Summary of Findings ...................................................................................................
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