DOCSLIB.ORG

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 84

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 84 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 84 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF OPHIURANS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM RENE KCEHLER Professor of Zoology, University of Lyon, France WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1914 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Issued April 9, 1914. ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins. The Proceedings, the firet volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers based on the collections of the National ^luseum, presenting newly acquired facts in zoology, geology, and anthropology, including descriptions of new forma of annuals, and revi^sions of lunited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually and distributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and others interested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication is prmted on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the tables of contents of the volume. The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of sepa- rate publications comprismg chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treaties (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports Tlie of expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. majority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, and known as the Contributions from the National Iler- harium, has been published as bulletins. The present work forms No. 84 of the Bulletin series. Richard Rathbun, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, In charge of the United States National Museum. Washington, D. C., February 27, 191J^. m TABLE OF CONTENTS. ' FagA. Introduction ^ Family Ophiodermatidae ^ Ophioderma appressa (Say) 3 brevicauda Liitken ^ brevispina (Say) * cinerea Miiller and Troschel •• 6 rubicunda Liitken 7 variegata Liitken ' clypeata, new species 7 species ° Ophiarachnella angulata (Lyman) 9 Bathypectinura tessellata (Lyman) 9 Family Ophiolepidie 9 Opliiolepis elegans Liitken 9 paucispina (Say) ^^ Ophiozona impressa (Liitken) H nivea var. compta Verrill H Ophiomastus secundus Lyman 11 Ophioglypha convexa Lyman 12 coronata, new species 12 elevata Lyman 16 falcifera Lyman 1^ fasciculata Lyman 1' inornata Lyman 18 irrorata Lyman 18 lepida L)-maQ 20 Ijungmani Lyman 21 lymani I,juugman 22 robusta (Ayres) 23 sarsii (Liitken) 23 BculptiUs Lyman 24 Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman 24 lymani AV)'\'ille Thomson 26 planum Lyman 26 rugosum, new species 26 eculptum Verrill 28 serratum Lyman 29 testudo Lyman 29 vaUdum Ljungman 31 armigerum Lj-man 31 Ophiomisidium, new genus 32 gpeciosum, new species 34 pulchellum (W>-\-ille Thomson) 37 Ophiocten haatatum Lyman 37 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Family Amphiuridae 38 Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaus) 38 Ophioetigma isacanthum (Say) 38 Hemipholis elongata (Say) 39 Ophiactis asperula (Philippi) 40 dispar (Verrill) 40 duplicata (Lyman) 40 miilleri Lutken 41 savignyi (Miiller and Troechel) 41 Amphilepis norvegica (Ljimgman) 42 Ophiopliragmus wundermani (Lyman) 42 Ophiocnida filogranea Lyman 42 loveni (Ljungman) 42 scabriuscula (Lutken) 43 Amphilimna olivacea (Lyman) 43 Ophionereiq reticulata (Say) 44 squamuloea, new name 44 Ophiopsila riisei Liitken 45 maculata (Verrill) 45 Amphiura flexuosa Ljungman 45 latispina Ljungman 48 rathbuui, new species 50 kinbergiensis, new species 52 palmeii Lyman 55 fibulata, new species 56 kiikenthali Kcehler 59 complanata Ljungman 59 otteri Ljungman 61 grandisquama Lyman 63 stimpsoni Lutken 64 magellanica Lyman 05 diducta, new species 65 Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje) 66 tenuispina Ljungman 66 gracillima (Stimpson) 66 Amphiodia erecta, new species 67 lutkeni (Ljungman) 09 pulchella (Lyman) 70 Amphioplus abdita (Verrill) 71 cuneata (Lyman) 71 Family Ophiomycetidae 72 Ophiomyces mirabilis Lyman 72 Family Ophiacanthidse 72 Ophiacantha aculeata Verrill 74 anomala Sars 77 aspera Lyman 80 bidentata (Retzius) 80 echinulata Lyman 81 enopla Lyman 83 fraterna Verrill 83 granulifera Verrill 86 ILneata Koebler 87 pentacrinus Lutken 88 meridionalis Lyman 91 TABLE OF CONTENTS. VU Family Ophiacanthida;—Continued. Page. Ophiacantha vepratica Lyman 94 viv-ipara Ljungman 96 (Ophiopristis) permixta, new species 96 (Ophiotreta) affinis, new species 99 (Ophiotreta) sertala (Lyman) 102 (Ophiotreta) valencicnncsi Lyman 102 Ophiomitrella americana, new species 103 levis, new species 105 tevipellis (Lyman) 106 porrecta, new species 107 Ophiomitra robusta, new species 108 valida Lyman 110 Ophiopora bartletti (Lyman) Ill Ophiolimna littoralis Koehler Ill Ophioleda minima Koehler Ill Ophiotrema gracilis, new species 112 Ophiocamax austera Verrill 114 fasciculata Lyman 114 Ophiologimus socundus, now species 115 Ophiochiton grandis Verrill 116 Family Ophiocomidte 116 Ophiocoma alexandri Lyman 116 echinata (Lamarck) 117 pumila LUtken 117 riisei Liitken 118 Family Ophiothridd;i> 118 Ophiothrix angulata (Say) 118 lineata Lyman 120 oerstedii Liitken 121 suensonii Liitken 121 con^oluta, new species 122 Family Ophioscolecidse 124 Ophioscolex glacialis Miiller and Troschel 124 Ophioleptoplax atlantica, new species 124 Ophiobyrsella quadrispinosa, new species 125 Family Ophiochondridae 127 Ophiochondrus granulatus, new species 127 armatus (Koehler) 129 Family OphiomjTddse 132 Ophiomyxa flaccida (Say) 132 Ophiodera stimpsonii (Lyman) 132 Family Hemieuryalidae 133 Sigsbcia coniiera, new species 133 sexradiata, new species 135 Fanaily Astrochemidae 137 Astrochema elongatum, new species 137 Bibliographical References 141 Explanation of Plates 143 Supplementary list of West Indian Ophiurans 147 Index 167 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE OPHIURANS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. By Rexe Kcehler. Professor of Zoology, Universiti/ of Lyon, France. INTRODUCTION. The United States National Museum has been kind enough to entrust to me the study of a considerable collection of ophiurans commg chiefly from the Caribbean Sea, and including both littoral and deep-sea forms.' Thia collection contains a certain number of new species additional to those already discovered by the United States Coast Survey steamer Blal-e in the same waters. Among the species which are already known, many are very common and offer no special interest, but there are also a good many others the charactei-s of which have not been indicated by the authors m a satisfactory manner, so that I have found it necessary to study them in detail. Among them, I have particularly devoted my attention to the species of AmpMura and Ofhiacantha, both genera being understood in the widest sense. It seemed to me useful not to limit my observations to the species repre- sented in the collection which had been entrusted to me, but to extend them to certain neighbormg forms, the knowledge of which was likely to help toward an understanding of the former. I will describe and illustrate these forms in the present paper and I think that I shall not be reproached with having made it too long through such additions. For such a comparative study, I had to have recourse to the examination of a certain number of type-specimens, the most important and most numerous of which had been described either by Liitken or by Ljungman. These types, which are kept in the Stockholm Museum and in the Copenhagen Museum were most kindly communicated to me by Professor Theel and my very good friend Doctor Mortensen, to whom I beg to tender my best thanks for their kindness. The United States National Museum communicated to me also a few of Professor VerriU's species. The collection which has been handed to me includes in all 129 species, of which 24 are new. Here is a list of them: Family OPfflODERMATID.E. Ophioderma appressa (Say). Ophioderma variegata Lutken. Ophioderma brevicauda Lutken. Ophioderma clypeala, new species. Ophioderma bremspina (Say). Ophioderma, species. Ophioderma cinerea Miiller and Troschel. Ophiaraehnella angulata (LjTnan). Ophioderma rubicunda Lutken. Batkypectinura tessellata (Lyman). ' To complete the published records of West Indian ophiurans in the United States National Museum a list is appended of specimena identified by the Hon. Theodore Lyman but never reported on. BULLETIN UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family OPHIOLEPID^E. OpMoUpis elegans Liltken. Ophioglypha robusta (Ayres). Ophiolepis paucispina (Say). Ophioglypha sarsii (Liitken). OpMozona impressa (Ltitken). Ophioglypha sculptilis Lyman. Ophiozona nivea var. compta Verrill. Ophiomusium ehurneum Lyman. Ophiomastus seniiidus Lyman. Ophiomusium lymani Wyville Thomson. Ophioglypha convexa Lyman. Ophiomusium planum Lyman. Ophioglypha coronata, new species. Ophiomusium rugosum, new species. Ophioglypha elevata Lyman. Ophiomusium sculptum Verrill. Ophioglypha faldfera Lyman. Ophiomusium serratum Lyman. Ophioglypha fasciculata Lyman. Ophiomusium testudo Lyman. Ophioglypha inornata Lyman. Ophiomusium validum Ljungman. Ophioglypha irrorata Lyman. Ophiomusium armigerum Lyman. Ophioglypha lepida Lyman. Ophiomisidiuvi speciosum, new species. Ophioglypha Ijiingmani Lyman. Ophiomisidium pulchellum (Wyville Thomson). Ophioglypha lymani Ljungman. Ophiocten hasiatum Lyman. Family
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ophioderma Peruana, a New Species of Brittlestar
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 357: 53–65 (2013) Ophioderma peruana, a new species of brittlestar... 53 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.357.6176 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Ophioderma peruana, a new species of brittlestar (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Ophiodermatidae) from the Peruvian coast Tania Pineda-Enríquez1,†, Francisco A. Solís-Marín1,‡, Yuri Hooker2,§, Alfredo Laguarda-Figueras1,| 1 Colección Nacional de Equinodermos “M. Elena Caso M.”, Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria s/n Deleg. Coyoacán CP 04510 México 2 Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Caytano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Urb. Ingeniería, S.M.P. Lima, Perú † http://zoobank.org/29C721AC-5981-485C-B257-C496113060EA ‡ http://zoobank.org/A2417F0D-CA2A-4BE2-A6F0-C8991F4B90EA § http://zoobank.org/094F1EA7-A5E6-4625-B36A-898EA2F93AC2 | http://zoobank.org/D8F6D077-9DA7-4BDB-B7BA-73009E7EE032 Corresponding author: Tania Pineda-Enríquez ([email protected]) Academic editor: Yves Samyn | Received 2 September 2013 | Accepted 11 November 2013 | Published 2 December 2013 http://zoobank.org/6455E2A2-D412-4DEF-816A-A49410923991 Citation: Pineda-Enríquez T, Solís-Marín FA, Hooker Y, Laguarda-Figueras A (2013) Ophioderma peruana, a new species of brittlestar (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Ophiodermatidae) from the Peruvian coast. ZooKeys 357: 53–65. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.357.6176 Abstract Ophioderma peruana sp. n. is a new species of Ophiodermatidae, extending the distribution of the genus Ophioderma to Lobos de Afuera Island, Peru, easily distinguishable from its congeners by its peculiarly fragmented dorsal arm plates.
    [Show full text]
  • Brittle-Star Mass Occurrence on a Late Cretaceous Methane Seep from South Dakota, USA Received: 16 May 2018 Ben Thuy1, Neil H
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Brittle-star mass occurrence on a Late Cretaceous methane seep from South Dakota, USA Received: 16 May 2018 Ben Thuy1, Neil H. Landman2, Neal L. Larson3 & Lea D. Numberger-Thuy1 Accepted: 29 May 2018 Articulated brittle stars are rare fossils because the skeleton rapidly disintegrates after death and only Published: xx xx xxxx fossilises intact under special conditions. Here, we describe an extraordinary mass occurrence of the ophiacanthid ophiuroid Brezinacantha tolis gen. et sp. nov., preserved as articulated skeletons from an upper Campanian (Late Cretaceous) methane seep of South Dakota. It is uniquely the frst fossil case of a seep-associated ophiuroid. The articulated skeletons overlie centimeter-thick accumulations of dissociated skeletal parts, suggesting lifetime densities of approximately 1000 individuals per m2, persisting at that particular location for several generations. The ophiuroid skeletons on top of the occurrence were preserved intact most probably because of increased methane seepage, killing the individuals and inducing rapid cementation, rather than due to storm-induced burial or slumping. The mass occurrence described herein is an unambiguous case of an autochthonous, dense ophiuroid community that persisted at a particular spot for some time. Thus, it represents a true fossil equivalent of a recent ophiuroid dense bed, unlike other cases that were used in the past to substantiate the claim of a mid-Mesozoic predation-induced decline of ophiuroid dense beds. Brittle stars, or ophiuroids, are among the most abundant and widespread components of the marine benthos, occurring at all depths and latitudes of the world oceans1. Most of the time, however, ophiuroids tend to live a cryptic life hidden under rocks, inside sponges, epizoic on corals or buried in the mud (e.g.2) to such a point that their real abundance is rarely appreciated at frst sight.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Bathyal Ophiacanthid Brittle Star (Ophiuroidea: Ophiacanthidae) with Caribbean Affinities from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Mediterranean
    Zootaxa 4820 (1): 019–030 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4820.1.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ED703EC8-3124-413F-8B17-3C1695B789C5 A new bathyal ophiacanthid brittle star (Ophiuroidea: Ophiacanthidae) with Caribbean affinities from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Mediterranean LEA D. NUMBERGER-THUY & BEN THUY* Natural History Museum Luxembourg, Department of Palaeontology, 25, rue Münster, 2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-995X *corresponding author: [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-9565 Abstract Identifiable remains of large deep-sea invertebrates are exceedingly rare in the fossil record. Thus, every new discovery adds to a better understanding of ancient deep-sea environments based on direct fossil evidence. Here we describe a collection of dissociated skeletal parts of ophiuroids (brittle stars) from the latest Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene of Sicily, Italy, preserved as microfossils in sediments deposited at shallow bathyal depths. The material belongs to a previously unknown species of ophiacanthid brittle star, Ophiacantha oceani sp. nov. On the basis of morphological comparison of skeletal microstructures, in particular spine articulations and vertebral articular structures of the lateral arm plates, we conclude that the new species shares closest ties with Ophiacantha stellata, a recent species living in the present-day Caribbean at bathyal depths. Since colonization of the deep Mediterranean following the Messinian crisis at the end of the Miocene was only possibly via the Gibraltar Sill, the presence of tropical western Atlantic clades in the Plio-Pleistocene of the Mediterranean suggests a major deep-sea faunal turnover yet to be explored.
    [Show full text]
  • In Situ Observations Increase the Diversity Records of Rocky-Reef Inhabiting Echinoderms Along the South West Coast of India
    Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 48 (10), October 2019, pp. 1528-1533 In situ observations increase the diversity records of Rocky-reef inhabiting Echinoderms along the South West Coast of India Surendar Chandrasekar1*, Singarayan Lazarus2, Rethnaraj Chandran3, Jayasingh Chellama Nisha3, Gigi Chandra Rajan4 and Chowdula Satyanarayana1 1Marine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai 600 028, Tamil Nadu, India 2Institute for Environmental Research and Social Education, No.150, Nesamony Nagar, Nagercoil 629001, Tamil Nadu, India 3GoK-Coral Transplantation/Restoration Project, Zoological Survey of India - Field Station, Jamnagar 361 001, Gujrat, India 4Department of Zoology, All Saints College, Trivandrum 695 008, Kerala, India *[Email: [email protected]] Received 19 January 2018; revised 23 April 2018 Diversity of Echinoderms was studied in situ in rocky reefs areas of the south west coast of India from Goa (Lat. N 15°21.071’; Long. E 073°47.069’) to Kanyakumari (Lat. N 08°06.570’; Long. E 077°18.120’) via Karnataka and Kerala. The underwater visual census to assess the biodiversity was carried out by SCUBA diving. This study reveals 11 new records to Goa, 7 to Karnataka, 5 to Kerala and 7 to the west coast of Tamil Nadu. A total of 15 species representing 12 genera, 10 families, 8 orders and 5 Classes were recorded namely Holothuria atra, H. difficilis, H. leucospilota, Actinopyga mauritiana, Linckia laevigata, Temnopleurus toreumaticus, Salmacis bicolor, Echinothrix diadema, Stomopneustes variolaris, Macrophiothrix nereidina, Tropiometra carinata, Linckia multifora, Fromia milleporella and Ophiocoma scolopendrina. Among these, the last three are new records to the west coast of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomic Resolution of the Class Ophiuroidea Unlocks a Global Microfossil Record
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Current Biology 24, 1874–1879, August 18, 2014 ª2014 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.060 Report Phylogenomic Resolution of the Class Ophiuroidea Unlocks a Global Microfossil Record Timothy D. O’Hara,1,* Andrew F. Hugall,1 Ben Thuy,2 We used a phylogenomic approach to address these defi- and Adnan Moussalli1 ciencies, obtaining 52 de novo ophiuroid transcriptomes and 1Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, VIC 3001, three from other echinoderm classes, in addition to three pub- Australia lically available transcriptomes and three genomes (see Table 2Section Pale´ ontologie, Muse´ e National d’Histoire Naturelle du S1 available online). Twenty-nine of the ophiuroid transcrip- Luxembourg, 24 Rue Mu¨ nster, 2160 Luxembourg tomes were obtained from deep-sea (>500 m) samples, to ensure adequate taxonomic representation across the class. We identified and aligned 425 orthologous genes that could Summary be annotated using available sea urchin, hemichordate, or actinopterygian genomes (Table S2). After trimming, we used Our understanding of the origin, evolution, and biogeog- 102,143 amino acid positions to reconstruct a phylogeny of raphy of seafloor fauna is limited because we have insuf- the Echinodermata, with a focus on the ophiuroids (Figure 1). ficient spatial and temporal data to resolve underlying The resulting sequence matrix is 85% complete (Figure S1) processes [1]. The abundance and wide distribution of mod- and is the largest genetic data set ever assembled to analyze ern and disarticulated fossil Ophiuroidea [2], including brittle phylogenetic relationships within echinoderms.
    [Show full text]
  • Key to the Common Shallow-Water Brittle Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228496999 Key to the common shallow-water brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea Article · January 2007 CITATIONS READS 10 702 1 author: Christopher Pomory University of West Florida 34 PUBLICATIONS 303 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Christopher Pomory on 21 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. 1 Key to the common shallow-water brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea CHRISTOPHER M. POMORY 2007 Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA. [email protected] ABSTRACT A key is given for 85 species of ophiuroids from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea covering a depth range from the intertidal down to 30 m. Figures highlighting important anatomical features associated with couplets in the key are provided. 2 INTRODUCTION The Caribbean region is one of the major coral reef zoogeographic provinces and a region of intensive human use of marine resources for tourism and fisheries (Aide and Grau, 2004). With the world-wide decline of coral reefs, and deterioration of shallow-water marine habitats in general, ecological and biodiversity studies have become more important than ever before (Bellwood et al., 2004). Ecological and biodiversity studies require identification of collected specimens, often by biologists not specializing in taxonomy, and therefore identification guides easily accessible to a diversity of biologists are necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • (Echinodermata) from the Late Maastrichtian of South Carolina, USA
    Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (2018) 137:337–356 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13358-018-0166-9 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) REGULAR RESEARCH ARTICLE An unusual assemblage of ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from the late Maastrichtian of South Carolina, USA 1 1 2 Ben Thuy • Lea D. Numberger-Thuy • John W. M. Jagt Received: 19 July 2018 / Accepted: 14 September 2018 / Published online: 28 September 2018 Ó Akademie der Naturwissenschaften Schweiz (SCNAT) 2018 Abstract A small, albeit diverse, assemblage of dissociated ophiuroid ossicles, mostly lateral arm plates, from the upper Maas- trichtian Peedee Formation temporarily (August 1998) exposed at North Myrtle Beach (Horry County, South Carolina), is described and illustrated. This lot comprises at least seven species, five of which are new and formally named herein. The assemblage is of note in providing a significant expansion of the palaeobiogeographical record of latest Cretaceous brittle stars. Furthermore, it includes a new genus and species of the family Asteronychidae that is transitional between the stem euryalid Melusinaster and Recent asteronychids, as well as the oldest unambiguous fossil representative of the family Amphiuridae. Finally, this assemblage stands out in lacking Ophiotitanos and ophiomusaids, two of the most widely distributed and abundant brittle star taxa during the Late Cretaceous. Instead, it is dominated by members of the Amphilimnidae, Amphiuridae and Euryalida, which are amongst the rarest components in the faunal spectrum of modern- day equivalents. The assemblage represents a unique combination of taxa unknown from any other outcrops of upper Mesozoic rocks and seems to document the onset of modern shallow-sublittoral ophiuroid assemblages. Keywords Late Cretaceous Á North America Á New species Á Palaeoecology Introduction undertaken on a large scale in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event): New Microfossils from the Dudelange Drill Core, Luxembourg
    Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 29, 2021 Brittlestar diversity at the dawn of the Jenkyns Event (early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event): new microfossils from the Dudelange drill core, Luxembourg Ben Thuy* and Lea D. Numberger-Thuy Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum Luxembourg, 25 rue Münster, 2160 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg BT, 0000-0001-8231-9565; LDN-T, 0000-0001-6097-995X *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Ophiuroids, the slender-armed cousins of starfish, constitute an important component of modern marine benthos and have been used successfully in the exploration of (palaeo)-ecological and evolutionary trends, yet their fossil record is still poorly known. One of the major gaps in the known palaeobiodiversity of this group coincides with a global palaeoenvironmental crisis during the early Toarcian (Early Jurassic, 183 myr ago), known as the Jenkyns Event. Here we describe ophiuroid remains retrieved from a series of sam- ples from the Dudelange (Luxembourg) drill core, which spans the lower part of the Toarcian, between the top of the Pliensbachian and the onset of the Jenkyns Event. A total of 21 species are recorded, including three new genera and 12 new species. Ophiuroid diversity and abundance fluctuate in parallel with depositional facies, with lowest values coinciding with black shales. Highest diversities, including exceptional occurrences of taxa nowadays restricted to deep-sea areas, are recorded from just below the black shales, corresponding to the onset of the Jenkyns Event. Our results show that even small (100 g) bulk sediment samples retrieved from drill cores can yield numerous identifiable ophiuroid remains, thus unlocking this group for the study of faunal change across palaeoenvironmental crises.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Habitats and Biodiversity of Dampier and Montebello Marine
    CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE Benthic habitats and biodiversity of the Dampier and Montebello Australian Marine Parks Edited by: John Keesing, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Research March 2019 ISBN 978-1-4863-1225-2 Print 978-1-4863-1226-9 On-line Contributors The following people contributed to this study. Affiliation is CSIRO unless otherwise stated. WAM = Western Australia Museum, MV = Museum of Victoria, DPIRD = Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Study design and operational execution: John Keesing, Nick Mortimer, Stephen Newman (DPIRD), Roland Pitcher, Keith Sainsbury (SainsSolutions), Joanna Strzelecki, Corey Wakefield (DPIRD), John Wakeford (Fishing Untangled), Alan Williams Field work: Belinda Alvarez, Dion Boddington (DPIRD), Monika Bryce, Susan Cheers, Brett Chrisafulli (DPIRD), Frances Cooke, Frank Coman, Christopher Dowling (DPIRD), Gary Fry, Cristiano Giordani (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia), Alastair Graham, Mark Green, Qingxi Han (Ningbo University, China), John Keesing, Peter Karuso (Macquarie University), Matt Lansdell, Maylene Loo, Hector Lozano‐Montes, Huabin Mao (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Margaret Miller, Nick Mortimer, James McLaughlin, Amy Nau, Kate Naughton (MV), Tracee Nguyen, Camilla Novaglio, John Pogonoski, Keith Sainsbury (SainsSolutions), Craig Skepper (DPIRD), Joanna Strzelecki, Tonya Van Der Velde, Alan Williams Taxonomy and contributions to Chapter 4: Belinda Alvarez, Sharon Appleyard, Monika Bryce, Alastair Graham, Qingxi Han (Ningbo University, China), Glad Hansen (WAM),
    [Show full text]
  • Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea)
    Vol. 16: 105–113, 2012 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Published online July 19 doi: 10.3354/ab00435 Aquat Biol Slow arm regeneration in the Antarctic brittle star Ophiura crassa (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) Melody S. Clark*, Terri Souster British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK ABSTRACT: Regeneration of arms in brittle stars is thought to proceed slowly in low temperature environments. Here a survey of natural arm damage and arm regeneration rates is documented in the Antarctic brittle star Ophiura crassa. This relatively small ophiuroid, a detritivore found amongst red macroalgae, displays high levels of natural arm damage and repair. This is largely thought to be due to ice damage in the shallow waters it inhabits. The time scale of arm regener- ation was measured in an aquarium-based 10 mo experiment. There was a delayed regeneration phase of 7 mo before arm growth was detectable in this species. This is 2 mo longer than the longest time previously described, which was in another Antarctic ophiuroid, Ophionotus victo- riae. The subsequent regeneration of arms in O. crassa occurred at a rate of approximately 0.16 mm mo−1. To date, this is the slowest regeneration rate known of any ophiuroid. The confir- mation that such a long delay before arm regeneration occurs in a second Antarctic species pro- vides strong evidence that this phenomenon is yet another characteristic feature of Southern Ocean species, along with deferred maturity, slowed growth and development rates. It is unclear whether delayed initial regeneration phases are adaptations to, or limitations of, low temperature environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Field Guide 5.5.Indb
    Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates Invertebrates Benthic Moore Islands Kirrily and McDonald and Hibberd Ty Island Heard to Guide cation Identifi Field Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates A guide for scientifi c observers aboard fi shing vessels Little is known about the deep sea benthic invertebrate diversity in the territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI). In an initiative to help further our understanding, invertebrate surveys over the past seven years have now revealed more than 500 species, many of which are endemic. This is an essential reference guide to these species. Illustrated with hundreds of representative photographs, it includes brief narratives on the biology and ecology of the major taxonomic groups and characteristic features of common species. It is primarily aimed at scientifi c observers, and is intended to be used as both a training tool prior to deployment at-sea, and for use in making accurate identifi cations of invertebrate by catch when operating in the HIMI region. Many of the featured organisms are also found throughout the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, the guide therefore having national appeal. Ty Hibberd and Kirrily Moore Australian Antarctic Division Fisheries Research and Development Corporation covers2.indd 113 11/8/09 2:55:44 PM Author: Hibberd, Ty. Title: Field identification guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands benthic invertebrates : a guide for scientific observers aboard fishing vessels / Ty Hibberd, Kirrily Moore. Edition: 1st ed. ISBN: 9781876934156 (pbk.) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Benthic animals—Heard Island (Heard and McDonald Islands)--Identification.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinodermata of Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea with the Description of a New Genus and a Species
    Rec. zool. Surv. India: Vol 119(4)/ 348-372, 2019 ISSN (Online) : 2581-8686 DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v119/i4/2019/144963 ISSN (Print) : 0375-1511 Echinodermata of Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea with the description of a new genus and a species D. R. K. Sastry1*, N. Marimuthu2* and Rajkumar Rajan3 1Erstwhile Scientist, Zoological Survey of India (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), FPS Building, Indian Museum Complex, Kolkata – 700016 and S-2 Saitejaswini Enclave, 22-1-7 Veerabhadrapuram, Rajahmundry – 533105, India; [email protected] 2Zoological Survey of India (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), FPS Building, Indian Museum Complex, Kolkata – 700016, India; [email protected] 3Marine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai – 600028, India Zoobank: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:85CF1D23-335E-4B3FB27B-2911BCEBE07E http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B87403E6-D6B8-4ED7-B90A-164911587AB7 Abstract During the recent dives around reef slopes of some islands in the Lakshadweep, a total of 52 species of echinoderms, including four unidentified holothurians, were encountered. These included 12 species each of Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea and eightspecies each of Echinoidea and Holothuroidea. Of these 11 species of Crinoidea [Capillaster multiradiatus (Linnaeus), Comaster multifidus (Müller), Phanogenia distincta (Carpenter), Phanogenia gracilis (Hartlaub), Phanogenia multibrachiata (Carpenter), Himerometra robustipinna (Carpenter), Lamprometra palmata (Müller), Stephanometra indica (Smith), Stephanometra tenuipinna (Hartlaub), Cenometra bella (Hartlaub) and Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck)], four species of Asteroidea [Fromia pacifica H.L. Clark, F. nodosa A.M. Clark, Choriaster granulatus Lütken and Echinaster luzonicus (Gray)] and four species of Ophiuroidea [Gymnolophus obscura (Ljungman), Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) marginata Koehler, Ophiomastix elegans Peters and Indophioderma ganapatii gen et.
    [Show full text]