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Mummies at Manchester The University of Manchester Research Mummies at Manchester Document Version Final published version Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Mcknight, L., & Atherton-Woolham, S. (2019). Mummies at Manchester: applying the Manchester Methodology to the study of mummified animal remains from ancient Egypt. In S. Porcier, S. Ikram, & S. Pasquali (Eds.), Creatures of Earth, Water and Sky : Essays on Animals in Ancient Egypt and Nubia (pp. 243-250). Sidestone Press. Published in: Creatures of Earth, Water and Sky Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:10. Oct. 2021 & PASQUALI (EDS) PASQUALI & PORCIER, IKRAM PORCIER, CREATURES OF EARTH, WATER, AND SKY CREATURES OF EARTH, WATER, AND SKY Ancient Egyptians always had an intense and complex relationship with animals in daily life as well as in religion. Despite the fact that re- search on this relationship has been a topic of study, gaps in our knowledge still remain. This volume presents well over 30 contributions that explore Human-Animal relationships on the subject. The research outlined in this from the Predynastic to the Roman period. volume has helped, for example, to better identify ways of sourcing the animals used in The essays cover topics such as animal hus- mummification, contributed to establishing bandry, mummification, species-specific stud- the eras during which animal mummification ies, the archaeology and economy of the ani- became common, and highlighted new tech- mal cults, funerary practices, iconography and niques for acquiring DNA. symbolism. The contribution of archaeomet- rical methods, such as DNA analyses, balms’ The fresh insights and diversity of topics analyses, AMS dating, radiography, and 3D makes the volume of interest for profession- imaging, are also represented as these play a als (Egyptologists, (archaeo-)zoologists and significant role in furthering our understand- historians), as well as those who are inter- ing of the human-animal relationship in Egypt. ested in Egyptology and in the relationship between humans and animals. ‘Creatures of CREATURES OF EARTH, The range of subject matter and contributors Earth, Water and Sky’ is the result of the first are indicative of the importance of animals international conference ever dedicated to and the role that they played in ancient Egypt animals in ancient Egypt and Nubia (the In- WATER, AND SKY and Nubia, and emphasises the need for con- ternational Symposium on Animals in Ancient tinued inter- and multidisciplinary studies Egypt, ISAAE 1, June 1-3 2016, held in Lyon). ESSAYS ON ANIMALS IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND NUBIA ISBN 978-90-8890-772-2 edited by ISBN: 978-90-8890-772-2 Stéphanie Porcier, Salima Ikram & Stéphane Pasquali 9 789088 907722 This is a free offprint – as with all our publications the entire book is freely accessible on our website, and is available in print or as PDF e-book. www.sidestone.com CREATURES OF EARTH, WATER, AND SKY ESSAYS ON ANIMALS IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND NUBIA edited by Stéphanie Porcier, Salima Ikram & Stéphane Pasquali This is a free offprint – as with all our publications the entire book is freely accessible on our website, and is available in print or as PDF e-book. www.sidestone.com LabEx ANR-11-LABX-0032-01 © 2019 Individual authors Published by Sidestone Press, Leiden www.sidestone.com Lay-out & cover design: Sidestone Press Photographs cover: Relief of Merymery and Apis statuette (photographs by K. Wentink) ISBN 978-90-8890-772-2 (softcover) ISBN 978-90-8890-771-5 (hardcover) ISBN 978-90-8890-773-9 (PDF e-book) Contents Abstracts 9 Preface 23 L’exploitation de l’autruche dans l’Égypte ancienne. L’exemple 25 des perles en coquille d’œuf d’autruche Halima Ali Toybou Scanning Sobek. Mummy of the Crocodile God 31 Julie Anderson & Daniel Antoine Donkey Burials at Tell El-Yahudia 39 Aiman Ashmawy Ali À propos des noms d’espèces appartenant au sous-ordre des 47 Sauria (lézards) attestés en Égypte ancienne et médiévale. Un tour d’horizon zoologique et lexicographique Sydney H. Aufrère Early Travellers and the Animal ‘Mummy Pits’ of Egypt. 67 Exploration and Exploitation of the Animal Catacombs in the Age of Early Travel Tessa T. Baber From Egyptology to Ornithology. The Cults of Sacred Falcons 87 and The Musée des Confluences’ Raptor Mummies Rozenn Bailleul-LeSuer Interpreting the Faunal Remains from the Tombs at the Temple 99 of Millions of Years of Amenhotep II in Western Thebes. Funerary Practices, Ritual Practices or, Perhaps, Something Else? Fabio Bona, Anna Consonni, Tommaso Quirino & Angelo Sesana Une analyse chimique de la composition de baumes de 109 momies animales égyptiennes conservées au musée des Confluences (Lyon, France) Manon Bondetti, Stéphanie Porcier, Matthieu Ménager & Cathy Vieillescaze Économie du culte des animaux sacrés en Égypte hellénistique 119 et romaine Silvia Bussi Bœufs d’Égypte, bœufs du Soudan. Une morphologie différente? 127 Louis Chaix L’étude des momies animales du musée des Confluences 137 à Lyon. L’exemple des momies de poissons Alain Charron Des chiens et des bandelettes 145 Françoise Dunand, Roger Lichtenberg, Cécile Callou & Fleur Letellier-Willemin Trapping Baqet’s Rat 155 Linda Evans De la valeur emblématique des dromadaires en terre cuite 161 d’Égypte Jérôme Gonzalez Formes et figures animales dans le mobilier égyptien 171 Hélène Guichard Shedding New Light on Old Corpses. Developments in the 179 Field of Animal Mummy Studies Salima Ikram Mummies from the City of Canine Deities. An Analysis of 193 Canid Osteofaunal Remains from the Tomb of the Dogs on Gebel Asyut al-Gharbi, Asyut, Middle Egypt Chiori Kitagawa Emploi et symbolisme des cornes de bovins au Proto dynastique. 211 Exemples d’Abou Rawach Joséphine Lesur Appréhender les momies autrement. L’étude des textiles des 221 momies de gazelles du musée des Confluences à Lyon Fleur Letellier-Willemin Known and Unknown Animals in a Bilingual Glossary on a 231 Papyrus from Egypt, and the Egyptian Effect on the Small Animal of Callimachus Nikos Litinas Mummies at Manchester. Applying the Manchester Methodology 243 to the Study of Mummified Animal Remains from Ancient Egypt Lidija McKnight & Stephanie Woolham The North Ibis Catacomb at Saqqara 251 Paul T. Nicholson The Conservation of Animal Mummies. Problems and Possible 259 Solutions Cinzia Oliva & Matilde Borla La polychromie d’un cercueil de faucon d’époque romaine 267 Sandrine Pagès-Camagna† & Yannick Vandenberghe Sur la manière dont un Égyptien a raconté l’installation de 273 l’animal sacré de Mendès Stéphane Pasquali Datations par le carbone 14 de 63 momies animales du musée 283 des Confluences à Lyon (France) Stéphanie Porcier, Pascale Richardin, Gaëtan Louarn, Salima Ikram & Didier Berthet Les cinq momies de chat de la Società Africana d’Italia (SAI). 293 Nouvelles recherches, nouvelles découvertes Maria Diletta Pubblico & Cinzia Oliva The Burial Ground for Osiris-(NN)-Animals at Tuna el-Gebel 305 Katrin Annikka Schlüter Study of Different Wrapping Types on Ibis Mummies from 315 Tuna-el-Gebel, Hermopolis Ahmed Tarek, Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, Nesma Mohamed, Ahmed Khairy & Ahmed Abedellatif The Conservation of Animal Mummies and Associated 323 Material. Study Cases at the Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France Noëlle Timbart Le ‘Tête-de-chien’ (κυνοκέφαλος) des Grecs. L’Égypte au 331 prisme des animaux Marco Vespa ‘Fishing’ for Mitochondrial DNA in Mummified Sacred Ibis. 341 Development of a Targeted Enrichment Protocol Resolves the Ancient Egyptian DNA Survival Debate Sally Wasef, Leon Huynen, Craig Donald Millar, Sankar Subramanian, Salima Ikram, Barbra Holland, Eske Willerslev & David Martin Lambert Appendix. Program of the Symposium 351 Mummies at Manchester Applying the Manchester Methodology to the Study of Mummified Animal Remains from Ancient Egypt Lidija McKnight & Stephanie Woolham1 Introduction Manchester Museum, part of The University of Manchester, is home to a world-renowned Egyptology collection, comprising some 18,000 objects, including seventeen complete and numerous partial human mummies, and 45 mummified animals. The University has a long association with mummy studies spanning over a century, with research attention in recent years concentrating on the practice of animal mummification, an area of mummy studies which has traditionally been neglected in favour of human remains. This paper describes the study protocol, known as the Manchester Methodology, which has arisen from interdisciplinary research conducted at the University on mummified animals since 2000. Mummy Studies at The University of Manchester In May 1908, Margaret Murray, lent by University College London to catalogue the Manchester Museum’s collection, performed autopsies of two human mummies, believed to be brothers, excavated from a single tomb the previous year at Rifeh by Flinders Petrie. Manchester Museum was fortunate to receive the entire assemblage of grave goods partly through the benefaction of Jesse Haworth, a local cotton magnate who sponsored Petrie’s excavations in Egypt and donated his share of the finds, alongside funds to build an extension to the Museum building. The autopsy, performed before a crowd of 500 assembled guests was, at least in part, a scientific procedure, rather than a public spectacle, through the involvement of anatomists and chemists (Murray 1910).
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