The Handbook on Geography

The republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe.There are about 5.4 million people in Finland, almost half of the country is covered by trees. Neighbours

Finland shares borders :

With Russia on the east side.

With Sweden on the northwest side.

With Norway on the north side. The Seas that surround Finland The Baltic Sea is located on the southwest of Finland. On the southeast is where the Gulf of Finland is located. The Gulf of Bothnia is on the west side of the country. The Arctic Ocean is on the north part of Finland just above the head Mountains

The highest mountain in Finland is Haltitunturi. The mountain measures up to 1324 meters high. Haltitunturi is located in the Scandinavian mountains. Lakes Finland is known as the land of the thousand lakes. Almost 10% of the country surface is covered by water. Saimaa Lake Saimaa is the largest lake in Finland. It is the fourth largest lake in Europe. Saimaa covers up to 4377 km² The land of the midnight sun

Lappland is a territory in the north of Finland. This territory is inhabited by the Sami tribes. It is the least populated part of Finland. National parks

in Finland Basic information

There are 37 national parks in Finland. They are all controlled and managed by Metsähallitus.

The NP‘s cover 2,7% of total land area. Map of NP‘s Koli Eastern part of the country.30 square National kilometres Park

There are forested hills, pine forests and siliceous rocks which created beautiful picturesque.

The next one, there are bears who live here. Park has two ski resorts.

Oulanka National Park The most beatiful and the largest park in Finland without human action for 100y.

There are mountains and nice Nordic nature, because it is located near the Arctic Circle. It‘s called Oulanka according to river which flows through the area and cutting into the rocks and creating a canyon valley. Wolf, lynx, fox, Hiking trail: Bear‘s Ring is a brown bear live tourist information center of there. University of Oulu. The visitors You can collect: can get some interesting strawberries, informations about a history blackberries, and nature of this park. blueberries...

The best destination Lemmenjoki for people National Park who enjoy hiking. The biggest park in Finland Uninhabited and without roads There are marked trails, campfire places. You can rent a wilderness hut and enjoy trekking into the wilderness. You can rent a boat for a trip along a dangerous river. It‘s a strong experience. Brown bear and golden eagle live there.

Finnish language Some boring informations and definitions About 5, 5 milion people use this language as an official language. Finnish language is surprisingly the most usefull in Finland. However you can even meet people speak in Finnish language in Sweden and places of russian Karelia. It is Finno-Ugrian language and people say that it is one of the most difficult languages, but let's go find out they are kidding! Our short Finnish lesson is coming :)

How can we say hello to our friends?

JUST SAY MOI!!! How can we greet teachers? If we are in Finland, just say MOI, but in our country we should use this greetings for our teachers: Hyvää huomenta! Good morning! Hyvää päivää! Good afternoon! Hyvää iltaa! Good evening! How can we introduce ourself? Mikä sun nimi on? Mun nimi on... Nice to meet you :)) Hauska tutustua! Do you wanna agree or disagree? NO = ei YES = kyllä or just say JOO it's the same :) I've mentioned it, don't worry Finnish language is easier than do you think :) Do you still think that Finnish language is so easy? Try to say this: Vesihiisi sihisi sinisessä hississä. Are you tired? Try to say this :) Hyvää yötä! Good night! Do you remember anything? Don't worry, me neither! :)) FINNISH HISTORY Prehistoric time in Finland

The end of the ice age about 11, 000 years ago Was populated 8 900 BC. Sources of livelihood: hunting, fishing and seal hunting. Finland under Swedish rule 1150-1809 Regions in Finland were captured by Sweden on crusades. Finnish people were circled by Catholic religion from west and Greek Catholic religion from east. The name ’’Finland’’ has been used since 15th century Catholic religion gave way to Lutheranism in the 16th century because of reformation. Finland under Russian rule 1809-1917 Finland got the autonomy from the emperor of Russia, Aleksanteri. I Jyväskylä was founded in 1837 by Nikolai I. During the years 1894-1917 Nikolai II tried to make Finnish people more like Russian people but Finns faught against it. Revolution began in Russia.

Edvard Isto 1899 Independent Finland Finland became independent on 6th of December in 1917. Civil war in 1918. During the Second World War there were three wars in Finland: Winter War (1939-1940), Continuation War (1941-1944) and Lapland War (1944-1945). Finland joined European Union in 1995 and Euro was put to use in 2002. Festivals in Finland Joulu = Christmas Christmas Eve Breakfast - rice pudding with sugar, ciannamon and cold milk Decorating of the tree, cooking of lunch and dinner Playing games, singing carols

Dinner - starter - salmon or herring - christmas ham (kinkku) and carrot with turnip - desert - berry puding and gingerbread Going to the cemetery, lighting candles Arrival of the Joulupukki Christmas Day and Boxing Day ●Visiting relatives ●Sledging ●Eating sweets ●Reading books ●Going to the church New Year champagne and fireworks Vappu - 1st May Vappu - 1st May festival of the students students wear white caps lots of ballons drinking of sima eating of donuts Juhannus - Midsummer Juhannus - Midsummer

Saturday in the term of 20th - 26th June Fly flags everywhere Barbecue, bonfires at visible places Independence day celebrated on 6th December president‘s speech in FINNISH MUSIC DIVISION

●FOLK MUSIC ●CLASSICAL AND ART MUSIC ●POPULAR MUSIC FOLK MUSIC

Is typically influenced by lyrics of the Kalevala. It‘s the purest expression of Finnish myths and beliefs. This type of singing was used to tell stories about heroes. CLASSICAL AND ART MUSIC

The most famous Finnish composer is Jean Sibelius, who composed Finlandia, which played its important role in Finland gaining independence. He is a symbol of the nation. POPULAR MUSIC

●Rock ●Heavy Metal ●Hip-Hop & rap ●Pop ROCK

●arrived in Finland in the 1950s ●a lot of Finnish bands tend to write their lyrics in English now ●Apulanta ●Sunrise Avenue HEAVY METAL

Finland is known for its many heavy metal acts, including many from the , black metal, folk metal, power metal, cello metal or sub- genres =D. Lordi The Rasmus POP

Is very popular in Finland and they all primarily sing in Finnish. Chisu Anna Puu Robin Hip hop & rap

Rap music began to be produced in Finland in the 1980s. The lyrics are usually in Finnish. Petri Nygård Cheek Ruudolf Asa Finnish literature Writers Tove Jansson (1914-2001) Artist, writer, author of comics Author of Moomins Received an award of H. C. Andersen Aleksis Kivi

● Finnish national writer ● known as ”the father of Finnish literature” ● his best-known books are ”Seitsemän veljestä”, ”Nummisuutarit” The Canine Kalevala (Dog´s village)

Long, Long time ago in a forest called Kalevala lived wild dogs and wolves. Among these groups lived a clan of small cats.They had a long-running fight because they wanted to rule the forest. Mika (1908-1979)

Writer, journalist, playwright Author of Sinuhet (Sinuhe egyptiläinen) He is the most known finnish writer

"Rich is not he who has the gold and silver, but who is content with little.“ Mauri Kunnas (*1950 till now)

Finnish cartoonist (Kalevala-national epos).

His wife is famous singer Tarja, she sang in metal group Nightwish. Finnish food What is typical for Finland? Healthy food!!!

Karelian rice pasties

It is easy to do! And it is delicious snack... Rye dough

400 ml rye flour

150 ml plain flour

1 tsp salt

200 ml water rye flour plain flour

salt water Rice mixture

500 ml water

2 spoon of butter

250 ml rice butter milk

1 litre milk

1 1/2 tee spoon of salt

rice Put the water, rice and butter into a saucepan. Boil for 10 minutes

10 min.

Add milk,salt and braise about 50 minutes

50 min. Mix flour, salt and water together. Roll the dough

Cut into circles of 8 cm Fill the crusts with rice.Turn 1 cm of the side Bake the pasties at 300°C for 15-20 minutes.

300°

15-20 min.

...and eat.