DOCSLIB.ORG

Independent Review of Consumer Protection Measures Concerning Online Secondary Ticketing Facilities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Independent Review of Consumer Protection Measures Concerning Online Secondary Ticketing Facilities Independent Review of Consumer Protection Measures concerning Online Secondary Ticketing Facilities Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 94(3) of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 May 2016 Independent Review of Consumer Protection Measures concerning Online Secondary Ticketing Facilities Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 6 List of Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................. 15 Main Report ................................................................................................................................. 24 Chapter 1. The Entertainment Ticketing Market ................................................................... 27 Chapter 2. Law, Compliance and Enforcement .................................................................... 39 Chapter 3. Primary Ticketing Market ..................................................................................... 75 Chapter 4. Potential and Actual Restrictions on Ticket Resale ........................................... 96 Chapter 5. Secondary Ticketing Market .............................................................................. 111 Chapter 6. Pricing of Tickets in the Market ......................................................................... 137 Chapter 7. Consumer Interests ............................................................................................ 153 Chapter 8. Future Considerations ....................................................................................... 169 Annex A: Conduct of the Review ............................................................................................ 172 Annex B: Published Call for Evidence ................................................................................... 174 Annex C: Analysis of Responses to Call for Evidence ......................................................... 181 Annex D: Circulation List for Call for Evidence ..................................................................... 184 Annex E: Analysis of the Consumer Survey ........................................................................... 188 Annex F: List of Organisations met during the review ........................................................... 190 Annex G: New York Attorney General’s Report ..................................................................... 192 Annex H: Some Simple Economics of Ticket Sales .............................................................. 197 Annex I: Practical Tips for Consumers................................................................................... 200 Annex J: Anonymised Arena Settlement Example ................................................................ 203 Annex K: Overview of Relevant Consumer Legislation ......................................................... 207 Annex L: History of Events Ticketing Legislation .................................................................. 216 Annex M: Complaints and Current Enforcement Action ........................................................ 217 Annex N: Published Guidance ................................................................................................. 219 2 Independent Review of Consumer Protection Measures concerning Online Secondary Ticketing Facilities Annex O: Enterprise Act 2002 .................................................................................................. 220 Annex P: Glossary ................................................................................................................... 222 Annex Q: Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 224 3 Independent Review of Consumer Protection Measures concerning Online Secondary Ticketing Facilities Preface Last Autumn, I was pleased to be invited by the Secretaries of State for Business, Innovation and Skills and for Culture, Media and Sport to lead the review into consumer protection measures relating to secondary ticketing facilities. This is a complex sector. Whilst it is still possible to see people outside venues for popular events buying and selling tickets, the internet has fundamentally changed the ticketing environment over the last ten years. This has made it easier for people to apply for tickets in the first place but also enabled the resale market to thrive. Ticketing, especially pricing, is something that attracts great public interest and invokes strong opinions. In compiling this report, I have striven to take an independent and objective view of the market. Although my remit has been consumer protection measures applying to the online resale of tickets, it was quickly apparent to me that to form views on this it was important to understand how the market as a whole worked. I am grateful to those that responded to the Call for Evidence, including members of the public, industry representatives, event organisers, Parliamentarians and consumer representatives for sharing their views and highlighting issues. I also met with a wide range of experts from the sector who shared their knowledge and expertise and met with me or the review team or spoke with us on the phone. Some of these came together in two group meetings towards the beginning and end of my review. I am also grateful to the civil servants who supported me on this project. Whilst they have been very useful in delivering the report, they have always been careful to ensure that my work was independent of Government. 4 Independent Review of Consumer Protection Measures concerning Online Secondary Ticketing Facilities Experts have helped me to access the people and information I have needed in order to ensure timely delivery of this report. I would stress, however, that the views and conclusions contained in this report are my own. Professor Michael Waterson 5 Independent Review of Consumer Protection Measures concerning Online Secondary Ticketing Facilities Executive Summary The Call for a Review 1. The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (“BIS”) and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (“DCMS”) jointly commissioned me to lead an independent review of consumer protection in the online ticket resale market (the secondary ticketing market). The aim of my review is to assess consumer protection measures applying to the re-sale of tickets for recreational, sporting or cultural events in the United Kingdom through online secondary ticketing facilities. My review fulfils the requirement under section 94 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (“CRA”),1 to review consumer protection measures in relation to secondary ticketing and report within twelve months. The Nature of the Event Ticketing Market 2. Tickets for an event happening in the UK can be bought either from a venue, an agent appointed by the event organiser or on the secondary ticketing market. Tickets can be physical, for example, paper tickets or they could be electronic, including machine- readable bar codes, credit or debit card entry, or wearable technology, such as wristbands or other wearable objects. Practically speaking, tickets are understood to provide a mechanism to demonstrate entitlement to access to an event. 3. Most tickets from primary agents will be sold at a fixed “face value” price plus any additional charges (booking fees, postage etc.) and valid tickets will normally guarantee entrance provided the identified terms and conditions (e.g. age restrictions) are complied with. 1 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/15/contents/enacted 6 Independent Review of Consumer Protection Measures concerning Online Secondary Ticketing Facilities 4. Tickets on the secondary ticketing market can be offered at any price, and may attract add-on costs such as commission fees or postage. In principle, they provide a similar right to entry to primary tickets although they may be constrained by terms or conditions relating to resale, including the possibility of cancellation in the event of resale. In practice, cancellation is unusual and most online purchasers of resold tickets experience no problem, unless the ticket is either counterfeit or has been already used. Problems are more likely to arise for the consumer if they buy from illegal websites that falsely appear to be a reputable source of tickets, taking people’s money and then disappearing before the tickets are produced – these are illegal scams. How the Market Works 5. Although the focus of my review is the online secondary ticketing market, the reality is that this market cannot be considered in isolation from the primary ticketing market. This is because many of the issues encountered by secondary market ticket buyers stem from issues in the primary market or are influenced by the interaction between the primary and secondary ticketing markets. It is, therefore, important to understand how the primary market works before examining the secondary ticketing market. Primary Ticketing Market 6. The primary ticketing market is important to consider as it is the source of tickets that go onto the secondary market. Actions taken in the primary market will therefore influence what happens in the secondary market. Decisions taken on pricing will impact on the scope for resale and transaction and distributional
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Af20-Booking-Guide.Pdf
    1 SPECIAL EVENT YOU'RE 60th Birthday Concert 6 Fire Gardens 12 WRITERS’ WEEK 77 Adelaide Writers’ Week WELCOME AF OPERA Requiem 8 DANCE Breaking the Waves 24 10 Lyon Opera Ballet 26 Enter Achilles We believe everyone should be able to enjoy the Adelaide Festival. 44 Between Tiny Cities Check out the following discounts and ways to save... PHYSICAL THEATRE 45 Two Crews 54 Black Velvet High Performance Packing Tape 40 CLASSICAL MUSIC THEATRE 16 150 Psalms The Doctor 14 OPEN HOUSE CONCESSION UNDER 30 28 The Sound of History: Beethoven, Cold Blood 22 Napoleon and Revolution A range of initiatives including Pensioner Under 30? Access super Mouthpiece 30 48 Chamber Landscapes: Pay What You Can and 1000 Unemployed discounted tickets to most Cock Cock... Who’s There? 38 Citizen & Composer tickets for those in need MEAA member Festival shows The Iliad – Out Loud 42 See page 85 for more information Aleppo. A Portrait of Absence 46 52 Garrick Ohlsson Dance Nation 60 53 Mahler / Adès STUDENTS FRIENDS GROUPS CONTEMPORARY MUSIC INTERACTIVE Your full time student ID Become a Friend to access Book a group of 6+ 32 Buŋgul Eight 36 unlocks special prices for priority seating and save online and save 15% 61 WOMADelaide most Festival shows 15% on AF tickets 65 The Parov Stelar Band 66 Mad Max meets VISUAL ART The Shaolin Afronauts 150 Psalms Exhibition 21 67 Vince Jones & The Heavy Hitters MYSTERY PACKAGES NEW A Doll's House 62 68 Lisa Gerrard & Paul Grabowsky Monster Theatres - 74 IN 69 Joep Beving If you find it hard to decide what to see during the Festival, 2020 Adelaide Biennial .
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary Ticketing
    BRIEFING PAPER Number 4715, 11 September 2020 By Lorraine Conway Secondary ticketing Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Consumer protection 3. Reviews: secondary ticketing 4. Enforcement action 5. FIFA files a criminal complaint against Viagogo 6. Parliamentary question and debate 7. Appendix: chronology of past initiatives www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 Secondary ticketing Contents Summary 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Consumer protection 5 3. Reviews: secondary ticketing 8 3.1 Professor Waterson’s review 8 3.2 Government response to the Waterson report 9 3.3 CMA review 10 3.4 The Culture, Media and Sport (CMS) Committee 11 3.5 Investigation by Which? 13 4. Enforcement action 14 4.1 Action taken by ASA 14 4.2 Action taken by CMA 15 Independent review of Viagogo’s compliance 17 CMA action against StubHub 18 5. FIFA files a criminal complaint against Viagogo 19 6. Parliamentary question and debate 20 7. Appendix: chronology of past initiatives 21 Cover page image copyright Holidays: Day 15 by Lachlan Hardy. Licensed under CC BY 2.0 / image cropped. 3 Commons Library Briefing, 11 September 2020 Summary The online resale of tickets (the secondary ticketing market) applies to recreational, sporting or cultural events in the UK. Secondary ticketing, especially pricing, is a subject that attracts much public interest. Recently, there have been various investigations of this sector resulting in some enforcement activity. Following the introduction of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (CRA 2015), the Government commissioned an independent report by Professor Michael Waterson to explore the effectiveness of consumer protection measures concerning online secondary ticketing facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan Macmillan AUTUMN CATALOGUE 2021 PUBLICITY CONTACTS
    Pan Macmillan AUTUMN CATALOGUE 2021 PUBLICITY CONTACTS General enquiries [email protected] Alice Dewing FREELANCE [email protected] Anna Pallai Amy Canavan [email protected] [email protected] Caitlin Allen Camilla Elworthy [email protected] [email protected] Elinor Fewster Emma Bravo [email protected] [email protected] Emma Draude Gabriela Quattromini [email protected] [email protected] Emma Harrow Grace Harrison [email protected] [email protected] Jacqui Graham Hannah Corbett [email protected] [email protected] Jamie-Lee Nardone Hope Ndaba [email protected] [email protected] Laura Sherlock Jess Duffy [email protected] [email protected] Ruth Cairns Kate Green [email protected] [email protected] Philippa McEwan [email protected] Rosie Wilson [email protected] Siobhan Slattery [email protected] CONTENTS MACMILLAN PAN MANTLE TOR PICADOR MACMILLAN COLLECTOR’S LIBRARY BLUEBIRD ONE BOAT MACMILLAN Nine Lives Danielle Steel Nine Lives is a powerful love story by the world’s favourite storyteller, Danielle Steel. Nine Lives is a thought-provoking story of lost love and new beginnings, by the number one bestseller Danielle Steel. After a carefree childhood, Maggie Kelly came of age in the shadow of grief. Her father, a pilot, died when she was nine. Maggie saw her mother struggle to put their lives back together. As the family moved from one city to the next, her mother warned her about daredevil men and to avoid risk at all cost. Following her mother’s advice, and forgoing the magic of first love with a high-school boyfriend who she thought too wild, Maggie married a good, dependable man.
    [Show full text]
  • Competition Issues in the UK TV Advertising Trading Mechanism
    Redacted version for publication Competition issues in the UK TV advertising trading mechanism ITV plc response to Ofcom Consultation of 10 June 2011 REDACTED VERSION FOR PUBLICATION REDACTIONS ARE MARKED BY A [] SYMBOL 3 August 2011 508948521 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Industry Background 1 3. No reasonable grounds for reference 2 4. Discretion not to refer 6 PART A - NO REASONABLE GROUNDS FOR SUSPECTING COMPETITIVE HARM 9 5. The market for TV advertising cannot be viewed in isolation 9 6. The TV advertising market is highly competitive 18 7. No evidence of harm to advertisers 21 8. No evidence of harm to consumers – as viewers 25 9. No evidence of harm to consumers – as purchasers of advertised goods 28 10. The current trading model 30 11. International comparison 40 PART B - OFCOM SHOULD IN ANY EVENT EXERCISE DISCRETION NOT TO REFER 46 12. Ofcom discretion 46 13. Scale of the problem 47 14. No reasonable chance that remedies will be available 48 15. Prolonged uncertainty 52 16. Disproportionate impact on advertising funded broadcasters 53 17. Timing is wholly inappropriate – market is changing anyway 56 18. Conclusions 61 Annex A – Cross reference table to responses to Ofcom questions 63 Annex B – The Growth of Digital Marketing 65 1. Introduction 65 2. Technological changes 66 3. Key features of consumer usage of online and mobile technology and information services 70 4. Key implications of these changes 76 Annex C – The Markets for Viewers and Content 84 1. The UK market for viewers is highly competitive 84 2. Viewers particularly value original UK TV content 85 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Journal a Publication of the Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Section of the New York State Bar Association
    NYSBA SPRING 2011 | VOL. 22 | NO. 1 Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Journal A publication of the Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Section of the New York State Bar Association Inside • Holocaust-Era Art Repatriation Claims • Time for a Change in Athletes’ Morals Clauses • The Performance Rights Act • Fair Market Value and Buyer’s Premium for Estate Tax • New York Museum Deaccessioning Purposes • EASL Annual Meeting • Lenz v. Universal Music Corporation • License v. Sale • Model Rules of Professional Conduct and Ethical Problems • Team Players and Individual Free-Speech Rights for Attorney-Agents Representing Professional Athletes • Copyright and Modern Art • Copyright Law for Dance Choreography • Florida Statute § 760.08 • Glory, Heartbreak, and Nostalgia of the Brooklyn Dodgers WWW.NYSBA.ORG/EASL NEW YORK STATE BAR ASSOCIATION From the NYSBA Book Store > NEW! Counseling Content Providers in the Digital Age A Handbook for Lawyers For as long as there have been printing presses, there have been accusations of libel, invasion of privacy, intellectual property infringements and a variety of other torts. Now that much of the content reaching the public is distributed over the Internet, television (including cable and satellite), radio and fi lm as well as in print, the fi eld of pre-publication review has become more complicated and more important. Counseling Content Providers in the Digital Age provides an overview of the issues content reviewers face repeatedly. EDITORS Kathleen Conkey, Esq. Counseling Content Providers in the Digital Age was written Elissa D. Hecker, Esq. and edited by experienced media law attorneys from California Pamela C. Jones, Esq. and New York.
    [Show full text]
  • Slides for That's the Ticket
    Introduction Mamie Kresses Attorney FTC Division of Advertising Practices Things to Know • You must go through security every time you return to the building • Return badge and lanyard before you leave • In the event of emergency, follow instructions provided over PA • In the event of evacuation go to assembly area • Event will be photographed, webcast, and recorded • Restrooms are just outside conference room • Cafeteria is open for lunch • Food and drink are not permitted in the auditorium • #FTCticket Welcoming Remarks Rebecca K. Slaughter Commissioner Federal Trade Commission Keynote Address Eric Budish Professor of Economics The University of Chicago Booth School of Business How to Fix the Market for Event Tickets Eric Budish Professor of Economics University of Chicago, Booth School of Business First scalped ticket: Sept 17, 1986 (Mets clinch) FTC Workshop “That’s the Ticket” on Consumer Protection Issues in the Ticket Market Charles Dickens, Nov 1867 Boston, November 1867 • “... But the crowd out in the cold was a most patient, orderly and gentlemanly crowd, and seemed determined to be jolly and good-natured under any circumstances.” • “Jokes were cracked, some very good and some very poor; quotations from Dickens were made, some apt and others forced…” • “Everything in the sale of tickets within the store seemed to be conducted with entire fairness. The limit was set at forty-eight tickets to one person— twelve course tickets—so as to prevent, as much as possible, ticket speculating.” • “But this was not entirely avoided. Speculators were on the streets and in the hotels selling tickets readily for $10 and $15 each for the opening night, and a few as high as $20 each.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Undertakings
    COMPLETED ACQUISITION BY PUG LLC (viagogo) OF THE STUBHUB BUSINESS OF EBAY INC. Final Undertakings given by PUGNACIOUS ENDEAVORS, INC., PUG LLC, and StubHub, Inc., StubHub (UK) Limited, StubHub Europe S.à.r.l., StubHub India Private Limited, StubHub International Limited, StubHub Taiwan Co., Ltd., StubHub GmbH, and Todoentradas, S.L. (StubHub Group) to the Competition and Markets Authority pursuant to section 82 of the Enterprise Act 2002 Background A. On 13 February 2020, PUG LLC (PUG), a subsidiary of Pugnacious Endeavors, Inc. (viagogo) purchased the entire issued share capital of StubHub, Inc., StubHub (UK) Limited, StubHub Europe S.à.r.l., StubHub India Private Limited, StubHub International Limited, StubHub Taiwan Co., Ltd., StubHub GmbH, and Todoentradas, S.L. (together, StubHub Group) (the Merger). B. On 7 February 2020, the Competition and Markets Authority (the CMA) made an initial enforcement order (IEO) pursuant to section 72(2) of the Enterprise Act 2002 (the Act) for the purpose of preventing pre-emptive action in accordance with that section. On 30 March 2020, the CMA issued directions under the IEO for the appointment of a monitoring trustee in order to monitor and ensure compliance with the IEO. C. On 25 June 2020, the CMA, in accordance with section 22(1) of the Act, referred the Merger to a group of CMA panel members (the Reference) to determine, pursuant to section 35 of the Act: (i) whether a relevant merger situation has been created; and (ii) if so, whether the creation of that situation has resulted, or may be expected to result, in a substantial lessening of competition (SLC) in any market or markets in the United Kingdom (UK) for goods or services.
    [Show full text]
  • Sale of Tickets Bill 2021
    Regulatory Impact Analysis Sale of Tickets (Cultural, Entertainment, Recreational and Sporting Events) Bill 2021 Table of Contents 1 Summary of RIA 3 2 Policy context 7 3 Legal context and background to Bill 121 4 Public consultation and pre-legislative scrutiny 20 5 Policy objectives of Bill 22 6 Policy options: costs, benefits and impacts 27 7 Enforcement and compliance 33 8 Review mechanism 34 9 Publication 34 —— 2 1 Summary of RIA Summary of Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) Department/Office: Department of Title of Legislation: Sale of Tickets Enterprise, Trade and Employment (Cultural, Entertainment, Recreational and Sporting Events) Bill 2021 Stage: Text of Bill Date: April 2021 Related Publications: https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/Consultations/Consultation-Resale-of- Tickets-Entertainment-Sporting-Events.html Available to view or download at: www.oireachtas.ie/en/bills Policy Objectives The Bill seeks to promote fairer access to event tickets by prohibiting the sale, or advertising for sale, for a price exceeding the original sale price of tickets for events in designated venues or for designated events. It sets out the conditions and procedures that will apply to the designation of venues and events, the refusal of applications for designation and the revocation of designations. The Bill specifies the information that must be provided when tickets for events in designated venues or for designated events are sold, or advertised for sale, by primary ticket sellers or are sold, or offered for sale, by secondary ticket sellers. It further prohibits the unauthorised sale of tickets for matches and official events during EURO 2020 in line with a commitment given by Government to UEFA as part of the bid for staging a number of matches in the tournament in Dublin.
    [Show full text]
  • Concert Tickets, Touting and Cultural Value. International Journal of Cultural Policy 2018
    Behr A, Cloonan M. Going Spare: Concert tickets, touting and cultural value. International Journal of Cultural Policy 2018 Copyright: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Journal of Cultural Policy on 30th January 2018, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2018.1431224 Date deposited: 13/02/2018 Embargo release date: 30 July 2019 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence Newcastle University ePrints - eprint.ncl.ac.uk Going spare? Concert tickets, touting and cultural value Author Names: Adam Behr International Centre for Music Studies, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom Provide full correspondence details here including e-mail for the corresponding author International Centre for Music Studies (ICMuS) – School of Arts and Cultures Armstrong Building Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tel: +44 (0) 191 208 3478 [email protected] Adam Behr is a Lecturer in Contemporary and Popular Music at the International Centre for Music Studies, Newcastle University. He is a director of the knowledge exchange body Live Music Exchange. His interests include the intersection of music and politics and his research has included work on the cultural value of live music, digitisation, copyright and musical practice and the relationships between venues, musicians and policy-makers. Martin Cloonan Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Finland [email protected] Martin Cloonan is Director of the Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku. His research interests focus on the political economy of the music industries and he is the co- author (with John Williamson) of Players’ Work Time: A History of the British Musicians’ Union (Manchester University Press, 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrity Privacy and the Development of the Judicial Concept of Proportionality
    Celebrity privacy and the development of the judicial concept of proportionality: How English law has balanced the rights to protection and interference Robin Callender Smith Queen Mary University of London Centre for Commercial Law Studies Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date submitted: 11 August 2014 Examined by viva 6 November 2014 External examiner: Professor Ian Lloyd (Southampton University) Internal examiner: Dr. Andrew Scott (London School of Economics) Passed without corrections Statement of Originality I, Robin Callender Smith, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Robin Callender Smith 11 August 2014 2 Details of collaboration and publications R Callender Smith, Press Law (Sweet & Maxwell 1978).
    [Show full text]
  • The Frustrations of Ticket Scalping and the Realities of Its Solutions, 84 Brook
    Brooklyn Law Review Volume 84 | Issue 1 Article 23 Fall 10-1-2018 A Fixed Game: The rF ustrations of Ticket Scalping and the Realities of Its Solutions Dylan C. Porcello Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/blr Part of the Consumer Protection Law Commons, Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, Internet Law Commons, and the Marketing Law Commons Recommended Citation Dylan C. Porcello, A Fixed Game: The Frustrations of Ticket Scalping and the Realities of Its Solutions, 84 Brook. L. Rev. (2018). Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/blr/vol84/iss1/23 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brooklyn Law Review by an authorized editor of BrooklynWorks. A Fixed Game THE FRUSTRATIONS OF TICKET SCALPING AND THE REALITIES OF ITS SOLUTIONS “Ticketing, to put it bluntly, is a fixed game.”1 INTRODUCTION In the wake of Hurricane Sandy, renowned musicians including Billy Joel and Bruce Springsteen performed for free in order to raise funds for relief efforts.2 Unfortunately, for many fans of these world-famous performers the closest they got to the stage was from the seat of their couch, as ticket scalpers quickly hijacked the ticket market through predatory purchasing and inflated prices.3 Although the show appeared to be sold out within minutes, days before the show hundreds of seats were available through the secondary ticket market at prices “rang[ing] from $790 to $6,500, many times their face value.”4 This was not the only time in recent history that New Yorkers 1 N.Y.
    [Show full text]
  • WHO NEEDS TICKETS? Examining Problems in the Growing Online Ticket Resale Industry
    Federal Communications Law Journal Volume 61 Issue 3 Article 8 6-2009 WHO NEEDS TICKETS? Examining Problems in the Growing Online Ticket Resale Industry Clark P. Kirkman Indiana University Maurer School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/fclj Part of the Administrative Law Commons, Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, Communications Law Commons, Consumer Protection Law Commons, Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, Legislation Commons, and the Litigation Commons Recommended Citation Kirkman, Clark P. (2009) "WHO NEEDS TICKETS? Examining Problems in the Growing Online Ticket Resale Industry," Federal Communications Law Journal: Vol. 61 : Iss. 3 , Article 8. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/fclj/vol61/iss3/8 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Federal Communications Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHO NEEDS TICKETS? Examining Problems in the Growing Online Ticket Resale Industry Clark P. Kirkman* I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 739 II. HISTORY: FROM 'SCALPING' TO 'RESALE'. ............................. 744 A. Pre-InternetScalping andAnti-Scalping Legislation...... 744 B. Growth of the Online Resale Industry ............................. 747 III. 2007 HANNAH MONTANA TOUR: THE TICKET RESALE M ARKET COMES OF AGE .......................................................... 750 IV. TICKETMASTER, LLC V. RMG TECHNOLOGIES, INC ............... 753 V. THE FUTURE OF TICKET SALES IN THE UNITED STATES .......... 757 V I. CONCLUSION ............................................................................ 761 I. INTRODUCTION In December 2007, I received two tickets to see the Detroit Pistons play the Washington Wizards at the Verizon Center in Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]