DOCSLIB.ORG

New Research in Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder and Major Depression

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Research in Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder and Major Depression brain sciences New Research in Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder and Major Depression Edited by Bruno Aouizerate and Emmanuel Haffen Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Brain Sciences www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci New Research in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Major Depression New Research in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Major Depression Special Issue Editors Bruno Aouizerate Emmanuel Haffen MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Bruno Aouizerate Poleˆ de Psychiatrie Geen´ erale´ et Universitaire, Centre de ref´ erence´ regional´ des pathologies anxieuses et de la depression,´ Centre Expert Depression´ Resistante´ FondaMental, CH Charles Perrens, NutriNeuro, UMR INRA 1286, Universite´ de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France France Emmanuel Haffen University Hospital of Besanc¸on France Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425) in 2018 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci/ special_issues/OCD_major_depression) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03921-090-9 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03921-091-6 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Bruno Aouizerate and Emmanuel Haffen New Research in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Major Depression Reprinted from: Brain Sci. 2019, 9, 140, doi:10.3390/brainsci9060140 ................. 1 Jer´ omeˆ Brunelin, Marine Mondino, Remy´ Bation, Ulrich Palm, Mohamed Saoud and Emmanuel Poulet Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review Reprinted from: Brain Sci. 2018, 8, 37, doi:10.3390/brainsci8020037 .................. 3 Marion Rochet, Wissam El-Hage, Sami Richa, Fran¸coisKazour and Boriana Atanasova Depression, Olfaction, and Quality of Life: A Mutual Relationship Reprinted from: Brain Sci. 2018, 8, 80, doi:10.3390/brainsci8050080 .................. 14 Djamila Bennabi and Emmanuel Haffen Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): A Promising Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder? Reprinted from: Brain Sci. 2018, 8, 81, doi:10.3390/brainsci8050081 .................. 36 Xavier Briffault, Margot Morgi`eveand Philippe Courtet From e-Health to i-Health: Prospective Reflexions on the Use of Intelligent Systems in Mental Health Care Reprinted from: Brain Sci. 2018, 8, 98, doi:10.3390/brainsci8060098 .................. 46 Hugues Lamothe, Jean-Marc Baleyte, Pauline Smith, Antoine Pelissolo and Luc Mallet Individualized Immunological Data for Precise Classification of OCD Patients Reprinted from: Brain Sci. 2018, 8, 149, doi:10.3390/brainsci8080149 ................. 62 v About the Special Issue Editors Bruno Aouizerate Bruno Aouizerate is professor of psychiatry at the University of Bordeaux (France). He is the head of the regional reference center for the assessment and management of anxiety and depressive disorders (Hospital Charles Perrens, Bordeaux) and an active member and coordinator of the French network of Expert Centers for Resistant Depression within the Fondation FondaMental. He also belongs to the nutrition and psychoneuroimmunology research team in the NutriNeuro laboratory (UMR INRA 1286, Bordeaux). He has coordinated or participated in several funded human research projects mainly focused on the study of pathophysiological determinants and therapeutic applications in major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. He is in charge of the axis “Mental disorders” of the FHU “Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Neurological, Psychiatric, Metabolic and Sleep Disorders”. Finally, he has authored more than 100 peer-reviewed publications. Emmanuel Haffen (MD, PhD, University Hospital of Besanc¸on) is professor of psychiatry at the University Hospital of Besanc¸on. He leads the Laboratory of Clinical and Integrative Neurosciences of the University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte´ and the Center of Clinical Investigation of the University Hospital of Besanc¸on (CIC 1431-INSERM). He coordinates the research networks of the Fondation FondaMental and is the president of AFPBN (French Association of Biological Psychiatry, member of the WFSBP). vii brain sciences Editorial New Research in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Major Depression Bruno Aouizerate 1,* and Emmanuel Haffen 2,* 1 Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Centre de référence régional des pathologies anxieuses et de la dépression, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CH Charles Perrens, NutriNeuro, UMR INRA 1286, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France 2 Service de Psychiatrie, CIC-1431 INSERM, CHU de Besançon, laboratoire de Neurosciences, univ. Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 25030 Créteil, France * [email protected] (B.A.); emmanuel.haff[email protected] (E.H.) Received: 13 June 2019; Accepted: 14 June 2019; Published: 17 June 2019 Major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are among the most frequent psychiatric disorders in the general population. They are also frequently associated with one another in daily clinical practice. They generate severe emotional distress and marked impairment in general functioning. They are both characterized by a chronic and/or recurrent course, thereby leading to a profound deterioration of quality of life. Despite significant advances in pharmacological and psychological therapies, 20–30% of patients still respond unsuccessfully to standard medical treatment strategies for these disorders. In this context, one of the major outstanding research challenges is to better identify precise phenotypic profiles through the validation of innovative numerical tools, enabling the online recording and monitoring of the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components underlying the expression of clinical phenotypes. This is nicely addressed in the article by Briffault et al. [1] from the perspective of opening new “symptoms networks” for the promotion of more homogenous diagnostic categories in psychiatry. In parallel, the development of relevant experimental paradigms is useful for the assessment of disturbances in sensory processes related to the olfactory sphere, which are classically observed in major depression, as part of the core dimensions/symptoms, such as anhedonia, primarily referring to a reduced feeling of pleasure from usually enjoyable activities. This kind of research receives particular attention from Rochet et al. [2] considering both anatomical and functional findings and relying on a translational approach ranging from laboratory animal models to humans for the determination of the brain regions that are more commonly implicated in olfaction, hedonic processes, and major depression. Additionally, there is a large body of literature supporting the implication of biological mechanisms, among which immune function with an abnormal inflammatory response is most often cited. This “inflammatory” theory, which was largely documented in the area of depression, was more recently extended to OCD, as in the article by Lamothe et al. [3] which examines cytokine profiles and white blood cell populations. The authors have also investigated relationships with streptococcal infections and the PANDAS generating a large constellation of neuropsychiatric conditions, especially including OCD that is mainly mediated by disruption in the basal ganglia, which are particularly vulnerable to antineuronal antibodies relying on stimulated autoimmune processes. Beyond the description of these pathophysiological determinants, the articles by Brunelin et al. [4] and Bennabi et al. [5] are respectively dedicated to therapeutic challenges in the utilization of the non-invasive brain stimulation technique tDCS in chronic forms of OCD and major depression that are unresponsive to the conventional medical treatments. Although data are still scarce, tDCS seems to represent a promising alternative for the management of major depression and OCD in substantially reducing the clinical severity with relatively good tolerability. However, these beneficial effects remain to be further confirmed in larger and controlled studies in order to alleviate the methodological concerns that could be raised in the already published trials. To conclude, Brain Sci. 2019, 9, 140; doi:0.3390/brainsci90601401 www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci Brain Sci. 2019, 9, 140 this Special Issue will therefore provide precious information at the clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic levels that could be helpful to a wide readership, ranging from mental health professionals to basic/clinical researchers with a significant interest in increasing their knowledge in the field of major depression and OCD. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Briffault, X.; Morgiève, M.; Courtet, P. From e-Health to i-Health: Prospective Reflexions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Parosmia Due to COVID-19 Disease: a 268 Case Series
    Parosmia due to COVID-19 Disease: A 268 Case Series Rasheed Ali Rashid Tikrit University, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery/ Otolaryngology Ameer A. Alaqeedy University Of Anbar, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery/ Otolaryngology Raid M. Al-Ani ( [email protected] ) University Of Anbar, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-9630 Research Article Keywords: Parosmia, COVID-19, Quality of life, Olfactory dysfunction, Case series Posted Date: May 10th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-506359/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/15 Abstract Although parosmia is a common problem in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies assessed the demographic and clinical aspects of this debilitating symptom. We aimed to evaluate the socio-clinical characteristics and outcome of various options of treatment of individuals with parosmia due to COVID- 19 infection. The study was conducted at two main Hospitals in the Ramadi and Tikrit cities, Iraq, on patients with a chief complaint of parosmia due to COVID-19 disease. The study involved 7 months (August 2020-February 2021). Detailed demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment options with their outcome were recorded and analyzed. Out of 268 patients with parosmia, there were 197 (73.5%) females. The majority were from age group ≤ 30 years (n = 188, 70.1%), housewives (n = 150, 56%), non-smokers (n = 222, 82.8%), and associated with dysgeusia (n = 207, 77.2%) but not associated with nasal symptoms (n = 266, 99.3%).
    [Show full text]
  • Smell and Taste Loss Recovery Time in COVID-19 Patients and Disease Severity
    Journal of Clinical Medicine Article Smell and Taste Loss Recovery Time in COVID-19 Patients and Disease Severity Athanasia Printza 1,* , Mihalis Katotomichelakis 2, Konstantinos Valsamidis 1, Symeon Metallidis 3, Periklis Panagopoulos 4, Maria Panopoulou 5, Vasilis Petrakis 4 and Jannis Constantinidis 1 1 First Otolaryngology Department, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] (K.V.); [email protected] (J.C.) 2 Otolaryngology Department, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 387479 Alexandroupoli, Greece; [email protected] 3 First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] 4 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 387479, Alexandroupoli, Greece; [email protected] (P.P.); [email protected] (V.P.) 5 Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 387479 Alexandroupoli, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Abstract: A significant proportion of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 report a new onset of smell or taste loss. The duration of the chemosensory impairment and predictive factors of recovery are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, temporal course and recovery predictors in patients who suffered from varying disease severity. Consecutive adult patients diagnosed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 via reverse-transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at two Citation: Printza, A.; coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) Reference Hospitals were contacted to complete a survey Katotomichelakis, M.; Valsamidis, K.; reporting chemosensory loss, severity, timing and duration, nasal symptoms, smoking, allergic Metallidis, S.; Panagopoulos, P.; rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, comorbidities and COVID-19 severity.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Edition
    COVID-19 Evidence Update COVID-19 Update from SAHMRI, Health Translation SA and the Commission on Excellence and Innovation in Health Updated 4 May 2020 – 2nd Edition “What is the prevalence, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity of anosmia in the diagnosis of COVID-19?” Executive Summary There is widespread reporting of a potential link between anosmia (loss of smell) and ageusia (loss of taste) and SARS-COV-2 infection, as an early sign and with sudden onset predominantly without nasal obstruction. There are calls for anosmia and ageusia to be recognised as symptoms for COVID-19. Since the 1st edition of this briefing (25 March 2020), there has been a significant expansion of literature on this topic, including 3 systematic reviews. Predictive value: The reported prevalence of anosmia/hyposmia and ageusia/hypogeusia in SARS-COV-2 positive patients are in the order of 36-68% and 33-71% respectively. There are reports of anosmia as the first symptom in some patients. Estimates from one study for hyposmia and hypogeusia: • Positive likelihood ratios: 4.5 and 5.8 • Sensitivity: 46% and 62% • Specificity: 90% and 89% The US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has added new loss or taste or smell to its list of recognised symptoms for SARS-COV-2 infection. To date, the World Health Organization has not. Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence to warrant adding loss of taste and smell to the list of symptoms for COVID-19 and promoting this information to the public. Context • Early detection of COVID-19 is key to the ongoing management of the pandemic.
    [Show full text]
  • Deinstitutionalization: Its Impact on Community Mental Health Centers and the Seriously Mentally Ill Stephen P
    Page 40 Deinstitutionalization: Its Impact on Community Mental Health Centers and the Seriously Mentally Ill Stephen P. Kliewer Melissa McNally Robyn L. Trippany Walden University Abstract Deinstitutionalization has had a significant impact on the mental health system, including the client, the agency, and the counselor. For clients with serious mental illness, learning to live in a community setting poses challenges that are often difficult to overcome. Community mental health agencies must respond to these specific needs, thus requiring a shift in how services are delivered and how mental health counselors need to be trained. The focus of this article is to explore the dynamics and challenges specific to deinstitution- alization, discuss implications for counselors, and identify solutions to respond to the identified challenges and resulting needs. State run psychiatric hospitals have traditionally been the primary component in the treatment of people with severe and persistent mental illness. For many years, individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) were kept out of the community setting. This isolation occurred for many reasons: a) the attitude of the public about people with mental illness, b) a belief that the mentally ill could only be helped in such settings, and c) a lack of resources at the community level (Patrick, Smith, Schleifer, Morris & McClennon, 2006). However, the institutional approach was not without its problems. A primary problem was the absence of hope and expecta- tion that patients would recover (Patrick, et al., 2006). In short, institutions seemed to become warehouses where mentally ill were kept for long periods of time with little expectation of improvement.
    [Show full text]
  • Taste and Smell Disorders in Clinical Neurology
    TASTE AND SMELL DISORDERS IN CLINICAL NEUROLOGY OUTLINE A. Anatomy and Physiology of the Taste and Smell System B. Quantifying Chemosensory Disturbances C. Common Neurological and Medical Disorders causing Primary Smell Impairment with Secondary Loss of Food Flavors a. Post Traumatic Anosmia b. Medications (prescribed & over the counter) c. Alcohol Abuse d. Neurodegenerative Disorders e. Multiple Sclerosis f. Migraine g. Chronic Medical Disorders (liver and kidney disease, thyroid deficiency, Diabetes). D. Common Neurological and Medical Disorders Causing a Primary Taste disorder with usually Normal Olfactory Function. a. Medications (prescribed and over the counter), b. Toxins (smoking and Radiation Treatments) c. Chronic medical Disorders ( Liver and Kidney Disease, Hypothyroidism, GERD, Diabetes,) d. Neurological Disorders( Bell’s Palsy, Stroke, MS,) e. Intubation during an emergency or for general anesthesia. E. Abnormal Smells and Tastes (Dysosmia and Dysgeusia): Diagnosis and Treatment F. Morbidity of Smell and Taste Impairment. G. Treatment of Smell and Taste Impairment (Education, Counseling ,Changes in Food Preparation) H. Role of Smell Testing in the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders 1 BACKGROUND Disorders of taste and smell play a very important role in many neurological conditions such as; head trauma, facial and trigeminal nerve impairment, and many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson Disorders, Lewy Body Disease and Frontal Temporal Dementia. Impaired smell and taste impairs quality of life such as loss of food enjoyment, weight loss or weight gain, decreased appetite and safety concerns such as inability to smell smoke, gas, spoiled food and one’s body odor. Dysosmia and Dysgeusia are very unpleasant disorders that often accompany smell and taste impairments.
    [Show full text]
  • Loss of Taste and Smell After Brain Injury
    Loss of taste and smell after brain injury Introduction Following a brain injury many people report that their senses of taste and/or smell have been affected. This may be as a consequence of injury to the nasal passages, damage to the nerves in the nose and mouth, or to areas of the brain itself. Loss or changes to smell and taste are particularly common after severe brain injury or stroke and, if the effects are due to damage to the brain itself, recovery is rare. The effects are also often reported after minor head injuries and recovery in these cases is more common. If recovery does occur, it is usually within a few months of the injury and recovery after more than two years is rare. Sadly, there are no treatments available for loss of taste and smell, so this factsheet is designed to provide practical suggestions on how you can compensate. It provides information on health, safety and hygiene issues, suggestions to help you to maintain a healthy, balanced diet, information on psychological effects and some other issues to consider. How are taste and smell affected by brain injury? The two senses can both be affected in a number of different ways and some definitions of the terms for the different conditions are provided below: Disorders of smell Anosmia Total loss of sense of smell Hyposmia Partial loss of sense of smell Hyperosmia Enhanced sensitivity to odours Phantosmia/Parosmia ‘False’ smells – Perceiving smells that aren’t there Dysosmia Distortion in odour perception Disorders of taste Dysgeusia Distortion or decrease in the sense of taste Ageusia Total loss of sense of taste Dysgensia Persistent abnormal taste Parageusia Perceiving a bad taste in the mouth 1 The two senses are connected and much of the sensation of taste is due to smell, so if the sense of smell is lost then the ability to detect flavour will be greatly affected.
    [Show full text]
  • Standpoints on Psychiatric Deinstitutionalization Alix Rule Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degre
    Standpoints on Psychiatric Deinstitutionalization Alix Rule Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2018 Alix Rule All rights reserved ABSTRACT Standpoints on Psychiatric Deinstitutionalization Alix Rule Between 1955 and 1985 the United States reduced the population confined in its public mental hospitals from around 600,000 to less than 110,000. This dissertation provides a novel analysis of the movement that advocated for psychiatric deinstitutionalization. To do so, it reconstructs the unfolding setting of the movement’s activity historically, at a number of levels: namely, (1) the growth of private markets in the care of mental illness and the role of federal welfare policy; (2) the contested role of states as actors in driving the process by which these developments effected changes in the mental health system; and (3) the context of relevant events visible to contemporaries. Methods of computational text analysis help to reconstruct this social context, and thus to identify the closure of key opportunities for movement action. In so doing, the dissertation introduces an original method for compiling textual corpora, based on a word-embedding model of ledes published by The New York Times from 1945 to the present. The approach enables researchers to achieve distinct, but equally consistent, actor-oriented descriptions of the social world spanning long periods of time, the forms of which are illustrated here. Substantively, I find that by the early 1970s, the mental health system had disappeared from public view as a part of the field of general medicine — and with it a target around which the existing movement on behalf of the mentally ill might have effectively reorganized itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Smell Distortions: Prevalence, Longevity and Impact of Parosmia in a Population-Based, Longitudinal Study Spanning 10 Years
    Smell distortions: Prevalence, longevity and impact of parosmia in a population-based, longitudinal study spanning 10 years Jonas K. Olofsson*1, Fredrik Ekesten1, & Steven Nordin2 1Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. Parosmia, experiences of distorted smell sensations, is a common consequence of covid-19. The phenomenon is not well understood in terms of its impact and long-term outcomes. We examined parosmia in a population-based sample from the Betula study that was conducted in Umeå in northern Sweden (baseline data collected in 1998-2000). We used a baseline sample of 2168 individuals aged 35-90 years and with no cognitive impairment at baseline. We investigated the prevalence of parosmia and, using regression analyses, its relationship to other olfactory and cognitive variables and quality of life. Benefitting from the longitudinal study design, we also assessed the persistence of parosmia over 5 and 10 years prospectively. Parosmia was prevalent in 5% of the population (n=104) and was often co- occurring with phantosmia (“olfactory hallucinations”), but was not associated with lower self-rated overall quality of life or poor performance on olfactory or cognitive tests. For some individuals, parosmia was retained 5 years (17%) or even 10 years later (10%). Thus, parosmia is relative common in the population, and can be persistent for some individuals. This work provides rare insights into the expected impact of, and recovery from parosmia, with implications for those suffering from qualitative olfactory dysfunction following covid-19. 2 Introduction Parosmia is an olfactory disorder (OD) where odor perception is distorted and different stimuli trigger unpleasant odor sensations previously not associated with the stimuli (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Olfaction in Migraine and Its Psychiatric Comorbidities: a Narrative Review
    Olfaction in migraine and its psychiatric comorbidities: a narrative review CIRO DE LUCA1, MD, MARTINA CAFALLI2, MD, ALESSANDRA DELLA VECCHIA3, MD, SARA GORI1, MD, ALESSANDRO TESSITORE4, PHD, MARCELLO SILVESTRO4, MD, ANTONIO RUSSO*4, PHD AND FILIPPO BALDACCI1, PHD. 1Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy. 2Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy 3Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy. 4Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, Headache Center, I Clinic of Neurology and Neurophysiopathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy Received: 28th September 2020; Accepted 12th October 2020 Abstract Objective Migraine is a primary headache with a constellation of neurovegetative and sensory-related symptoms, comprehending auditory, visual, somatosensorial and olfactory dysfunctions, in both ictal and interictal phases. Olfactory phenomena in migraine patients consist in ictal osmophobia, interictal olfactory hypersensitivity and an increased sensitivity to olfactory trigger factors. However, osmophobia is not listed as an associated symptom for migraine diagnosis in ICHD-3. Design We reviewed the literature about the anatomical circuits and the clinical characteristics of olfactory phenomena in migraine patients, and highlighted also the common comorbidities with psychiatric disorders. Discussion The evidence suggests a potential role of the olfactory dysfunctions as diagnostic, prognostic and risk biomarker of migraine in clinical practice. Olfactory assessment could be useful in reducing the overlap between migraine and other primary headaches - especially the tension type one - or secondary headaches (ictal osmophobia, olfactory trigger factors), and in predicting migraine onset and its chronic transformation (ictal osmophobia).
    [Show full text]
  • Let's Talk About . . . Migraine and Dizziness
    LET’S TALK ABOUT . MIGRAINE AND DIZZINESS Migraine is almost as common as high blood Key points pressure in the Canadian population. It is more • A migraine is a severe headache. common than asthma or diabetes. An estimated 300,000 Canadians suffer needlessly because they • Of over 300 types of migraine, dizziness is have either been misdiagnosed or not diagnosed a symptom of two: migraine with brainstem with chronic migraine. aura and vestibular migraine. • See a doctor who specialized in headaches for accurate diagnosis. What are the symptoms of migraine with dizziness? • Lifestyle changes may help prevent or lessen the occurrence of migraine. Common symptoms include: • Medication may help prevent migraine. • Visual aura – you may see flashes of light or have blind spots in your vision. • Localized pain behind or near the eye on one Note: Concussion also causes migraine-type side of your head. dizziness – concussion sufferers can substitute the • Light, sound (hyperacusis) and odor sensitivity word “concussion” for “migraine” in the information (hyperosmia). You may have some sensitivity below. daily and increased sensitivity when you have migraine. • Visual vestibular mismatch (the brain’s What is migraine? hypersensitivity to motion) is common in Migraine is a neurovascular headache, meaning it migraine-type brains both episodically and can be triggered by annoyance or disturbance to chronically. Sometimes it will occur without the nerves or blood vessels in the brain. All headache and you may feel “off” for an hour or migraines are caused by the same type of two. neurotransmitter dysregulation and respond to the • Vertigo (spinning sensation) – it may start same treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Sixty Seconds on . . . Parosmia
    NEWS The BMJ BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.m4332 on 9 November 2020. Downloaded from Cite this as: BMJ 2020;371:m4332 Sixty seconds on . parosmia http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4332 Abi Rimmer Published: 09 November 2020 I’ve heard of anosmia but what's this? The charity Fifth Sense explains that parosmia is the medical term for distortions of the sense of smell. Someone with parosmia may be able to detect odours, but the smell of certain things—or sometimes everything—is different, and often unpleasant.1 Such as? Jennifer Spicer, a US based infectious diseases doctor, said that following her recovery from covid-19, coffee, wine, and other foods tasted like gasoline.2 Nicola Watt, who also recovered from the virus, described similar symptoms to the Times.3 “Quite suddenly everything smelt and tasted like a horrid rubbish bin,” Watt said. Sounds awful. Is this from covid-19? Not specifically. Parosmia is common with all types of post-viral smell loss, and over half of people who have lost their sense of smell because of a virus will go on to experience it.4 Fragrance writer Louise Woollam, for example, suffered from parosmia after a cold and found that most foods tasted of sewage or mud and most things smelt disgusting.5 How awful! Yes, and what’s worse Woollam, like many other people, experienced phantosmia as well when “phantom” smells appear in the absence of any odour. These can manifest as “normal” smells – for example, being able to smell garlic when there is no garlic present – but they can also be unpleasant.1 Is there a cure? Unfortunately not.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading List
    Psychiatric Epidemiology Dr. William W. Eaton Textbook Tsuang MT & Tohen M. Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2nd ed. New York, Wiley-Liss, 2002. Available online at: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/booktoc/104527540 Session 1 Topic: Introduction, Nosology, and History of Psychiatric Epidemiology Assigned Readings: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). 4th ed. Washington, DC, APA Introduction, XV-XXV. Use of the manual, 1-11. Multiaxial Assessment, 25-35. Available online at: http://online.statref.com/TOC.aspx?grpalias=JHU&FxId=37 Recommended Additional Readings: o Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). 4th ed. Washington, DC, APA. o Choose any other single chapter on mental disorders. Session 2 Topic: Measurement of Psychopathology in Populations Assigned Readings: Tsuang, M.T.& Cohen, M. (2002). Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Wiley- Liss. Ch12. Murphy JM. Symptom scales and diagnostic schedules in adult psychiatry. 273-332. Recommended Additional Readings: Choose one Tsuang, M.T.& Cohen, M. (2002). Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Wiley- Liss. o Ch 9. Eaton, WW. Studying the Natural History of Psychopathology. 215-238. o Ch 11. Robins, LN. Birth and development of psychiatric interviews. 257-272. o Ch 14. Kessler RC and Walters E. The National Comorbidity Survey. 343-362. Session 3 Topic: Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders Assigned Readings: Tsuang, M.T.& Cohen, M. (2002). Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Wiley- Liss. Ch16. Horwath E, Cohen RS, Weissman MM. Epidemiology of depressive and anxiety disorders. 389-426 Recommended Additional Readings: Choose one o Eaton, W.W. (1995) Progress in the epidemiology of anxiety disorders.
    [Show full text]