DOCSLIB.ORG

Chemical Functionalization of Porous Carbon-Based Materials to Enable Novel Modes for Efficient Electrochemical N2 Fixation Diss

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chemical Functionalization of Porous Carbon-Based Materials to Enable Novel Modes for Efficient Electrochemical N2 Fixation Diss Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid-und Grenzflächenforschung Chemical Functionalization of Porous Carbon-based Materials to Enable Novel Modes for Efficient Electrochemical N2 fixation Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) in der Wissenschaftsdisziplin „Kolloidchemie“ eingereicht an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Potsdam von Qing Qin geboren am 09.10.1993 in Anhui, China Potsdam-Golm, im September 2019 1 Acknowledgement Although words alone are not enough to give the appropriate gratitude to all people whom stood beside me and supported me during my PhD studies, I would like to express my most sincere acknowledgement to the efforts of these people. Firstly, I want to express my deep acknowledgement to my great supervisor Dr. Martin Oschatz, the group leader in our carbon group and as well as a professor in replacement at Potsdam University. I really enjoyed the discussions with him about science, which nurtured my passion for carbon and encouraged me to embark on the path of academic area. I am sincerely thankful to his efforts, suggestions, and support towards my research topics and revision of my papers and thesis. If not for his motivation, dedication and energy, this study and many others not covered in this thesis would undoubtedly never achieve fruition. Beyond science, two important things that he taught me in the life are to be strong and patient. Thanks, Martin! I always feel privileged to be his PhD student. Thanks to Prof. Dr. Yan Lu in Helmholtz-Center Berlin for Materials and Energy for being my second supervisor, discussing about my research topic, and reviewing this thesis. Great thanks to the group members in my carbon group. Many thanks to Runyu, who is the first friend I made in MPI, and he helped me a lot not only in the life, but also in the experiment. Great thanks to Milena for helping me a lot when I first came to this unknown country, listening to my complains, sharing my happiness, and telling me more about Germen culture and rules. Great thanks to Ipek, a lovely girl who always looks happy, for the help and valuable friendship. Great thanks to Ralf for the 2 Raman and gas adsorption measurement. Many thanks to Konstantin, Feili, Sandy and Sol as well. It is really my great honor to meet and make friends with them. I love my carbon group! I would like to show thanks to my good friend and collaborator of Dr. Yun Zhao from the Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, who helped me to do the DFT calculations and discuss the results with me. Also many thanks to Dr. Haijun Jiao, as he provided many useful suggestions for paper polishing and improvements of DFT calculations. Besides, I want to thank Max Schmallegger in Graz University of Technology for the EPR measurements and discussion of the results. Great thanks to Jianrui, who can always share my happiness or sadness. Because of you, my life becomes more colorful and is thus full of fun. Many thanks to Qian, my good friend and my sister in MPI. She is also an excellent hair dresser. Thanks for the warm accompany and haircut. I am very grateful to Ines and Ursula for the lab organization, which provides a clean and convenient environment for the research work. Great thanks to Tobias for measuring TEM, patiently discussing my projects, and teaching me a lot of knowledge about TEM. Many thanks to Antje for the TGA and elemental analysis, Johannes for XPS measurements, Heike and Rona for the SEM and TEM measurements, Elinor and Ursula for the electrospinning. Thanks to Sasha, Clemens and Ryan for giving me the access to the facilities in their labs. Many thanks to my friends and very nice colleagues (Nieves, Jose, Marius, Lana, Paolo, Jin, Barius, Zhihong, etc.) in MPI, especially the meal pals (Guigang, Kai, Shaowen, Ang, Shuangyan, etc.) to Potsdam University every day, who have contributed to make my life here a great and memorable experience. 3 I would like to thank my idol, Bibi Zhou, who is a famous singer in China. I have loved her for 14 years since 2005. Daily life is always so trivial, but her figure fills up every stage of my youth. What is an idol and what does an idol mean? Everyone may have his or her own answer. For me, Bibi is my life mentor and source of positive energy. Her good personalities and attitudes towards life and dream have a deep influence on me. She is like the brightest star in my world to guide me to search for the light and hope. Every time I felt sad, lonely or stressed, her music and smile made me feel much better. The long distance between Germany and China, as well as the high workload made it impossible to attend most of her fans meeting activities and concerts. But on 11th November in 2018, she came to Germany. That had to be the most valuable gift and surprise for me. So life is wonderful, right? Thank you, Bibi, for warming my whole life. Special thanks to my beloved and dear parents for their encouragement, accompany, patience and love. Although they cannot speak English and have no idea about my research, they try their best to support and encourage me to do what I want, and make me never feel alone. Many thanks to my grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins and so on for all their love and help. The support of my good friends in China (Zhu, Meimei, Id, Xiaojing, Liting, Yu, Lu, Ling, Wuyong, Lei, Bei, Shuqi, etc.) also makes my life funnier, meaningful, and easier to keep on moving forward. Deep thanks to Liuliu for the always warm accompany and sharing of all my emotions. I thank my committee members and reviewers for their valuable suggestions and time. 4 Deep thanks to the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces and the Excellence Cluster “UniSysCat” for funding my research projects and travel expenses for the different conferences. Great thanks to everyone I have met along the way. Thanks for all the love and injury in my life. Finally, I would like to acknowledge my senior supervisor of Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Markus Antonietti, the director of the Colloid Chemistry Department of the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, for providing me the precious opportunity to pursue my doctorate here and acting as a role model for me not only in academics but also in life. I really enjoy the discussion with him, and his profound knowledge and patient guidance can always enlighten me. His good suggestions can also lead me to a more deep and systematic study of my research topics. With his encouragement, I finally make a plan for my future and I will try my best to achieve all my goals. I hope to be an excellent QQ, and to be one of his best PhD students. 5 Table of Contents 1. Motivation ............................................................................................................................. 9 2. Background and outline ..................................................................................................... 13 2.1. An overview over carbon and carbon nanomaterials .............................................. 13 2.2. An overview over porous amorphous carbon materials .......................................... 14 2.2.1. Synthesis of porous carbon materials ................................................................. 15 2.2.2. Functionalization of porous carbon materials ................................................... 18 2.3. Brief introduction of NH3 synthesis ........................................................................... 20 2.3.1. Haber-Bosch process ............................................................................................ 21 2.3.2. Biological process .................................................................................................. 23 2.3.3. Photochemical N2 fixation .................................................................................... 24 2.3.4. Electrochemical N2 fixation .................................................................................. 25 2.4. Main challenges for electrochemical N2 fixation ...................................................... 29 2.4.1. Selectivity, activity and stability .......................................................................... 29 2.4.2. Reaction mechanism ............................................................................................. 30 2.5. Outline .......................................................................................................................... 31 3. Enhanced electrocatalytic N2 reduction via partial anion substitution in titanium oxide- carbon composites .................................................................................................................. 33 3.1. Synthesis and characterization of M-Ts .................................................................... 35 3.2. Experimental studies of NRR active sites in M-Ts ................................................... 47 3.3. Mechanism studies through DFT calculations (in collaboration with Dr. Yun Zhao and Dr Haijun Jiao) ............................................................................................................ 59 4. Single-site gold catalysts on hierarchical N-doped porous noble carbon for enhanced electrochemical reduction of nitrogen .................................................................................. 65 4.1. Synthesis and characterization of AuSAs-NDPCs .................................................... 66 4.2. Influence of Au single sites on the NRR performance ............................................. 72 6
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download YAM011
    yetanothermagazine filmtvmusic aug2010 lima film festival 2010 highlights blockbuster season from around the world in this yam we review // aftershocks, inception, toy story 3, the ghost writer, taeyang, se7en, boa, shinee, bibi zhou, jing chang, the derek trucks band, time of eve and more // yam exclusive interview with songwriter diane warren film We keep working on that, but there’s toy story 3 pg4 the ghost writer pg5 so much territory to cover, and so You know the address: aftershocks pg6 very little of us. This is why we need [email protected] inception pg7 lima film festival// yam contributors. We know our highlights pg9 readers are primarily located in the amywong // cover// US, but I’m hoping to get people yam exclusive from other countries to review their p.s.: I actually spoke to Diane interview with diane warren pg12 local releases. The more the merrier, Warren. She's like the soundtrack music people. of our lives, to anyone of my the derek trucks band - roadsongs pg16 generation anyway. Check it out. se7en - digital bounce pg16 shinee - lucifer pg17 Yup, we’re grovelling for taeyang - solar pg17 contributors. I’m particularly eminem - recovery pg18 macy gray - the sellout pg18 interested in someone who is jing chang - the opposite me pg18 located in New York, since we’ve bibi zhou - i.fish.light.mirror pg18 nick chou - first album pg19 received a couple of screening boa - hurricane venus pg19 invites, but we got no one there. tv Interested? Hit me up. bad guy pg20 time of eve pg20 books uso.
    [Show full text]
  • Commencement Program
    Sunday, the Sixteenth of May, Two Thousand and Ten ten o’clock in the morning ~ wallace wade stadium Duke University Commencement ~ 2010 One Hundred Fifty-Eighth Commencement Notes on Academic Dress Academic dress had its origin in the Middle Ages. When the European universities were taking form in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, scholars were also clerics, and they adopted Mace and Chain of Office robes similar to those of their monastic orders. Caps were a necessity in drafty buildings, and Again at commencement, ceremonial use is copes or capes with hoods attached were made of two important insignia given to Duke needed for warmth. As the control of universities University in memory of Benjamin N. Duke. gradually passed from the church, academic Both the mace and chain of office are the gifts costume began to take on brighter hues and to of anonymous donors and of the Mary Duke employ varied patterns in cut and color of gown Biddle Foundation. They were designed and and type of headdress. executed by Professor Kurt J. Matzdorf of New The use of academic costume in the United Paltz, New York, and were dedicated and first States has been continuous since Colonial times, used at the inaugural ceremonies of President but a clear protocol did not emerge until an Sanford in 1970. intercollegiate commission in 1893 recommended The Mace, the symbol of authority of the a uniform code. In this country, the design of a University, is made of sterling silver throughout. gown varies with the degree held. The bachelor’s Significance of Colors It is thirty-seven inches long and weighs about gown is relatively simple with long pointed Colors indicating fields of eight pounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Theorising Affect, Rethinking Methods (Re)Envisioning the Social
    Graduate Journal of Social GJSS Science Theorising Affect, Rethinking Methods and (Re)Envisioning the Social edited by Matthew Bakko and Sibille Merz Volume 11, Issue 1 – February 2015 http://gjss.org Graduate Journal of Social GJSS Science Graduate Journal of Social Science February 2015, Vol. 11, Issue 1 Editors: Arpita Das, The Asian-Pacific Resource & Research Centre for Women Remi Salisbury, Centre for Ethnicity and Racism Studies, University of Leeds, UK [email protected] Guest Editors: Matthew Bakko, Washington University in St. Louis, US Sibille Merz, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK Copy Editor: Nadia Hai, University of Calgary, Canada Web Editor: Michael En, University of Vienna, Austria Layout & Design Editor: Boka En, University of Vienna, Austria Cover Image: Katrin Streicher – www.katrinstreicher.com The Graduate Journal of Social Science (ISSN: 1572-3763) is an open-access online journal focusing on methodological and theoretical issues of interdisciplinary rele- vance. The journal publishes two issues per year, one of which is thematic and one of which groups innovative and instructive papers from all disciplines. GJSS welcomes submissions from both senior and junior academics, thus providing a forum of pub- lication and exchange among different generations engaged in interdisciplinary re- search. GJSS is published by EBSCO publishing. For subscription inquiries, requests, and changes, please contact [email protected]. All the content and downloads are published under the Creative Commons Attribu- tion-NoDerivs 3.0 license.
    [Show full text]
  • Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Composite in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Aqueous Organic Pollutants Removal: a Review
    processes Review Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Composite in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Aqueous Organic Pollutants Removal: A Review Yu Shen, Antonio J. Dos santos-Garcia and María José Martín de Vidales * Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Design Engineering, ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28012 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (A.J.D.s.-G.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-91-067-7722 Abstract: In recent decades, a growing number of organic pollutants released have raised world- wide concern. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has drawn increasing attention in environmental pollutants removal thanks to its unique electronic band structure and excellent physicochemical stability. This paper reviews the recent progress of g-C3N4-based composites as catalysts in various advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical AOPs. Strategies for enhancing catalytic performance such as element-doping, nanostructure design, and heterojunction construction are summarized in detail. The catalytic degradation mechanisms are also discussed briefly. Keywords: graphitic carbon nitride; aqueous organic pollutants removal; advanced oxidation pro- cesses 1. Introduction In recent years, environmental pollution, especially water pollution, is increasingly Citation: Shen, Y.; Dos santos-Garcia, becoming a major concern worldwide. Many organic pollutions, such as pharmaceuticals and A.J.; Martín de Vidales, M.J. Graphitic personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, and organic dyes are toxic and refractory [1–4]. Carbon Nitride-Based Composite in Various techniques have been developed to eliminate aqueous organic pollutants (e.g., Advanced Oxidation Processes for extraction, adsorption, biological treatment, and advanced oxidation processes) [5–9].
    [Show full text]
  • Graphitic Carbon Nitride: a Highly Electroactive Nanomaterial for Environmental and Clinical Sensing
    sensors Review Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Highly Electroactive Nanomaterial for Environmental and Clinical Sensing Azeez O. Idris * , Ekemena O. Oseghe, Titus A. M. Msagati , Alex T. Kuvarega, Usisipho Feleni and Bhekie Mamba Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), Florida Campus, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; [email protected] (E.O.O.); [email protected] (T.A.M.M.); [email protected] (A.T.K.); [email protected] (U.F.); [email protected] (B.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 August 2020; Accepted: 23 September 2020; Published: 10 October 2020 Abstract: Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a two-dimensional conjugated polymer that has attracted the interest of researchers and industrial communities owing to its outstanding analytical merits such as low-cost synthesis, high stability, unique electronic properties, catalytic ability, high quantum yield, nontoxicity, metal-free, low bandgap energy, and electron-rich properties. Notably, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is the most stable allotrope of carbon nitrides. It has been explored in various analytical fields due to its excellent biocompatibility properties, including ease of surface functionalization and hydrogen-bonding. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) acts as a nanomediator and serves as an immobilization layer to detect various biomolecules. Numerous reports have been presented in the literature on applying graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Different electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemiluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, and amperometry techniques have been extensively used for the detection of biologic molecules and heavy metals, with high sensitivity and good selectivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Graphitic Carbon Nitrides Synthetized from Melamine
    materials Article Comparison of Graphitic Carbon Nitrides Synthetized from Melamine and Melamine-Cyanurate Complex: Characterization and Photocatalytic Decomposition of Ofloxacin and Ampicillin Petr Praus 1,2,* , Aneta Smýkalová 1,2 and Kryštof Foniok 1 1 Department of Chemistry VŠB-Technical, University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (K.F.) 2 Institute of Environmental Technology, VŠB-Technical, University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, hereafter abbreviated as CN) was prepared by the heating of melamine (CN-M) and melamine-cyanurate complex (CN-MCA), respectively, in air at 550 ◦C for 4 h. The specific surface area (SSA) of CN-M and CN-MCA was 12 m2 g−1 and 225 m2g−1 and the content of oxygen was 0.62 wt.% and 1.88 wt.%, respectively. The band gap energy (Eg) of CN-M was 2.64 eV and Eg of CN-MCA was 2.73 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the CN materials was tested by means of the decomposition of antibiotics ofloxacin and ampicillin under LED irradiation of 420 nm. The activity of CN-MCA was higher due to its high SSA, which was determined based on the physisorption of nitrogen. Ofloxacin was decomposed more efficiently than ampicillin in the presence of both photocatalysts. Citation: Praus, P.; Smýkalová, A.; Foniok, K. Comparison of Graphitic Keywords: graphitic carbon nitride; melamine; melamine-cyanurate complex; photocatalysis; Carbon Nitrides Synthetized from ofloxacin; ampicillin Melamine and Melamine-Cyanurate Complex: Characterization and Photocatalytic Decomposition of Ofloxacin and Ampicillin.
    [Show full text]
  • Simple Synthesis of High Specific Surface Carbon Nitride For
    Wang et al. Nanoscale Research Letters (2018) 13:248 https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-018-2654-7 NANOEXPRESS Open Access Simple Synthesis of High Specific Surface Carbon Nitride for Adsorption-Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance Jie Wang1,2, Meisheng Li1*, Ming Qian1, Shouyong Zhou1, Ailian Xue1, Lili Zhang1, Yijiang Zhao1* and Weihong Xing2 Abstract TMC-incorporated carbon nitride (CN) with hexagonal and quadrangle honeycomb-like structure and having periodic lattice defects linked by –CONH– bond was synthesized through combining the high calcination with the chemical condensation of melamine and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride. The obtained CN has a tri-s-triazine ring and benzene ring skeleton, which makes it have excellent mechanical and thermal stability. The BET specific surface area was enhanced to about 125.6 m2/g, and the mean pore size is about 3.43 nm. This CN exhibited an excellent adsorption-enhanced photocatalytic performance. Keywords: Carbon nitride materials, Melamine, Nanoparticles, Sintering Background [4]. Then, the enhancement of specific BET surface for Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4), possessing a two-di- g-C3N4 was very important. mensional (2D) nanosheet structure like graphene, has Inspired by the structures of covalent organic frame- attracted much attention recently. The basic skeleton work materials (COFs) [11–16] and their preparation structure of g-C3N4 consists of tri-s-triazine units con- methods [17], we try to combine the high calcination nected with tertiary amino groups, which owns regularly with the chemical condensation to prepare a new kind distributed triangular water-selective permeation nano- of porous TMC-incorporated carbon nitride (CN) linked pores throughout the entire laminar structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Applications of Magnetic Nano-Catalysts and Graphitic Carbon Nitrides
    Sustainable Applications of Magnetic Nano-Catalysts and Graphitic Carbon Nitrides Rajender S. Varma Sustainable Technology Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, MS 443 Cincinnati, OH-45268 Fax: 513- 569-7677; Tel: 513-487-2701 E-mail: [email protected] •Sustainable synthesis of chemical entities by microwave heating with nano-catalysis in water •Green Chemistry principles are accommodated via multi-faceted approach Minimum Chemical Energy Waste Efficiency Benign Solvents Atom Economy Green Organic Efficient Isolation Chemistry Processes Renewable Feedstock Sustainable Synthetic Safer Method Catalysts & Reagents Microwave Assisted Green Organic Chemistry in Aqueous Medium Seminal Review Articles on these themes summarizing our in-house research: Acc. Chem. Res., 2008, 41, 629; Acc. Chem. Res., 2011, 44, 469-478; Acc. Chem. Res., 2014, 47, 1338-1348 Chem. Soc. Rev., 2008, 37, 1546-1557; Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41, 1559-1584 Chem. Rev., 2016,116, 3722-3811; ACS Sustain. Chem. & Eng., 2016, 4, 5866-5878 Pure App. Chem., 2008, 80, 777-790; Pure App. Chem., 2013, 85, 1703-1710. Curr. Opin. Drug Disc., 2007, 10, 723-737. Green Chem., 1999, 1, 43-55; Green Chem., 2010, 12, 743-754; Green Chem., 2014, 16, 2027-2041. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2015, 291, 68-94; Coord. Chem. Rev., 2015, 287, 137-156. Work During March 2008 to May 2010…. Sugar Plant Extract Vitamins Tea Tea Microwave Wine Water Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials •PROBLEM: Synthesize nanomaterials in a sustainable fashion. •TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION: Learning from Nature- Use the elegance of Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) for redox chemistry. •CURRENT STATUS: Self-assembly of nanoparticles demonstrated Nadagouda & Varma: Green Chemistry, 8, 516, (2006) Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials PROBLEM: Synthesize nanomaterials in a sustainable manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Photocatalysis), and Preparation Techniques of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nano-Based Particle, and Its Applications Williams Kweku Darkwah and Yanhui Ao*
    Darkwah and Ao Nanoscale Research Letters (2018) 13:388 https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-018-2702-3 NANO REVIEW Open Access Mini Review on the Structure and Properties (Photocatalysis), and Preparation Techniques of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nano-Based Particle, and Its Applications Williams Kweku Darkwah and Yanhui Ao* Abstract Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is well known as one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic activities, such as CO2 reduction and water splitting, and environmental remediation through the removal of organic pollutants. On the other hand, carbon nitride also pose outstanding properties and extensive application forecasts in the aspect of field emission properties. In this mini review, the novel structure, synthesis and preparation techniques of full-bodied g-C3N4-based composite and films were revealed. This mini review discussed contemporary advancement in the structure, synthesis, and diverse methods used for preparing g-C3N4 nanostructured materials. The present study gives an account of full knowledge of the use of the exceptional structural and properties, and the preparation techniques of graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and its applications. Keywords: Photocatalysis, Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4), Carbon nitride nano-based particle Introduction Predominantly, wastewater is the major source of pol- The central energy source elated from the extraterrestrial lution, specifically, wastewater produced due to chemical space, solar energy capacities to surpass the almanac industrialization, because this wastewater contains pro- world’s energy request by a large border [1]. Given the nounced concentration of large organic fragments which long forecast era of the Sun, solar energy is also consid- are tremendously poisonous and carcinogenic in nature ered the ultimate renewable source that can be harvested [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrity Philanthropy in China: Reconfiguring Government and Non-Government Roles in National Development’, the China Quarterly, 237, Pp
    Deng, Guosheng, and Jeffreys, Elaine. 2019. ‘Celebrity Philanthropy in China: Reconfiguring Government and Non-government Roles in National Development’, The China Quarterly, 237, pp. 217–240. doi:10.1017/S0305741018001364 Celebrity Philanthropy in China: Reconfiguring Government and Non- government Roles in National Development DENG Guosheng1 Elaine Jeffreys (corresponding author)2 Abstract This article provides the first comprehensive analysis of the development of and public responses to celebrity-fronted philanthropy in the People’s Republic of China. It explores the extent and nature of celebrity philanthropy with reference to a sample of mainland Chinese celebrities in entertainment and sports. It then draws on interviews conducted with employees of large charities to examine the kinds of links that are being forged between China’s not-for-profit sector and commercial organizations managing the work of celebrities. Finally, it analyses the responses to a national survey on celebrity and philanthropy. We conclude that the relationship between China’s government, not-for-profit and celebrity sectors is becoming more professionalized and organized. This development reveals how the roles and capacities of government are being reconfigured and expanded, even as it also enhances the scope for action and the influence of new social actors and organizations to address government-led national development issues. Keywords: China; celebrity; charity; government; media; philanthropy. Introduction 1 Tsinghua University, China. Email: [email protected] 2 University of Technology Sydney. Email: [email protected] Deng, Guosheng, and Jeffreys, Elaine. 2019. ‘Celebrity Philanthropy in China: Reconfiguring Government and Non-government Roles in National Development’, The China Quarterly, 237, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Graphitic Carbon Nitride “
    Chem Soc Rev View Article Online REVIEW ARTICLE View Journal | View Issue Graphitic carbon nitride ‘‘reloaded’’: emerging applications beyond (photo)catalysis Cite this: Chem. Soc. Rev., 2016, 45,2308 Jian Liu,*ab Hongqiang Wang*cd and Markus Antoniettia Despite being one of the oldest materials described in the chemical literature, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has just recently experienced a renaissance as a highly active photocatalyst, and the metal-free polymer was shown to be able to generate hydrogen under visible light. The semiconductor nature of g-C3N4 has triggered tremendous endeavors on its structural manipulation for enhanced photo(electro)chemical performance, aiming at an affordable clean energy future. While pursuing the stem of g-C3N4 related catalysis (photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis), a number of emerging intrinsic properties of g-C3N4 are certainly interesting, but less well covered, and we believe that these novel applications outside of conventional catalysis can be favorably exploited as well. Thanks to the general efforts devoted to the exploration and enrichment of g-C3N4 based chemistry, the boundaries of this area have Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. been possibly pushed far beyond what people could imagine in the beginning. This review strives to cover the achievements of g-C3N4 related materials in these unconventional application fields for depicting the broader future of these metal-free and fully stable semiconductors. This review starts with Received 13th October 2015 the general protocols to engineer g-C3N4 micro/nanostructures for practical use, and then discusses the DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00767d newly disclosed applications in sensing, bioimaging, novel solar energy exploitation including photocatalytic coenzyme regeneration, templating, and carbon nitride based devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Scenes of Southeast Asia C
    JUNE 2016 SEE ASIA AND BEYOND WITH SILKAIR TIPS FOR 7 TRAVELLING WITH A CHILD IN A WHEELCHAIR INSIDE FUJIAN’S FORTRESS HOMES COOL 5 EXPERIENCES IN LOMBOK SCENES OF SOUTHEAST ASIA C M Y CM MY CY CMY K 06.2016 22 COMING FULL CIRCLE 42 FLEETING MOMENTS Life in a Fujian tulou Tableaus of Asian life 30 THE GREAT FRONTIER 50 一碗河粉的传奇 Best of the Top End 被誉为“河内之汤”的越南河 粉 ，以 清 、甜 、香 的 独 特 风 味 36 WAY OF THE SHAN 俘虏世界，渗透灵魂 Ancient skills of Myanmar’s SO PHO, SO GOOD largest indigenous tribe Slurp up a hearty bowl of Vietnam’s favourite noodles GETTY IMAGES GETTY 20 FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL MEDIA facebook.com/SilkAir twitter.com/SilkAir instagram.com/SilkAir Take home this copy of Silkwinds and share it with your friends and family! Past issues are also available online at silkair.com LATEST AWARDS Travel Media of the Year (Merit), Media Publishers Association Singapore (MPAS) Awards 2014 Best Feature on Asian 18 Travel (Excellence) Best Wellness Feature (Excellence), Asian Publishing Awards 2014 Silkwinds is published exclusively for SilkAir by Publicitas Publishing E-mail: [email protected] publicitas.com/publishingasia REGIONAL MANAGING DIRECTOR Lee Walsh GENERAL MANAGER Betty Liswanty 16 RELATIONSHIP MANAGER Serene Lee 4 THE BIG PICTURE EDITORIAL Tug of war, Sabah EXECUTIVE CONTENT DIRECTOR Rod Mackenzie 6 HOT PICKS MANAGING EDITOR Ming Rodrigues Trends and items to covet DEPUTY EDITOR Nelissa Hernandez DESIGN DIRECTOR Fredrik Dittlau 12 4 QUESTIONS WITH... ADVERTISING Fazal Bahardeen, HalalTrip MEDIA SPECIALIST Mey Leong Tel: +65 6735 8681 ext 331 14 WHAT’S ON E-mail: [email protected] Things to do this month MATERIALS Doreen Lau E-mail: [email protected] 16 2 PERFECT DAYS IN LOMBOK Catch Bau Nyale, visit a secret Gili, and enjoy waterfall walks 68 The views and opinions expressed or 18 FOOD SNAPSHOT WELCOME ABOARD implied in Silkwinds do not necessarily Dok fak thong tod 54 SILKAIR EXPERIENCE reflect those of SilkAir or Publicitas Publishing.
    [Show full text]