From Ecosystems to Socioecosystems. Proceedings of the 18Th Intl
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microorganisms Review The Genetic Basis of Toxin Biosynthesis in Dinoflagellates Arjun Verma 1,* , Abanti Barua 1,2, Rendy Ruvindy 1, Henna Savela 3, Penelope A. Ajani 1 and Shauna A. Murray 1 1 Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia 2 Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Chittagong 3814, Bangladesh 3 Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, 00790 Helsinki, Finland * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 22 June 2019; Accepted: 27 July 2019; Published: 29 July 2019 Abstract: In marine ecosystems, dinoflagellates can become highly abundant and even dominant at times, despite their comparatively slow growth rates. One factor that may play a role in their ecological success is the production of complex secondary metabolite compounds that can have anti-predator, allelopathic, or other toxic effects on marine organisms, and also cause seafood poisoning in humans. Our knowledge about the genes involved in toxin biosynthesis in dinoflagellates is currently limited due to the complex genomic features of these organisms. Most recently, the sequencing of dinoflagellate transcriptomes has provided us with valuable insights into the biosynthesis of polyketide and alkaloid-based toxin molecules in dinoflagellate species. This review synthesizes the recent progress that has been made in understanding the evolution, biosynthetic pathways, and gene regulation in dinoflagellates with the aid of transcriptomic and other molecular genetic tools, and provides a pathway for future studies of dinoflagellates in this exciting omics era. Keywords: dinoflagellates; toxins; transcriptomics; polyketides; alkaloids 1. Introduction Marine microbial eukaryotes are a diverse group of organisms comprising lineages that differ widely in their evolutionary histories, ecological niches, growth requirements, and nutritional strategies [1–5]. -
Influence of Environmental Parameters on Karenia Selliformis Toxin Content in Culture
Cah. Biol. Mar. (2009) 50 : 333-342 Influence of environmental parameters on Karenia selliformis toxin content in culture Amel MEDHIOUB1, Walid MEDHIOUB3,2, Zouher AMZIL2, Manoella SIBAT2, Michèle BARDOUIL2, Idriss BEN NEILA3, Salah MEZGHANI3, Asma HAMZA1 and Patrick LASSUS2 (1) INSTM, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer. Laboratoire d'Aquaculture, 28, rue 2 Mars 1934, 2025 Salammbo, Tunisie. E-mail: [email protected] (2) IFREMER, Département Environnement, Microbiologie et Phycotoxines, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France. (3) IRVT, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, centre régional de Sfax. Route de l'aéroport, km 1, 3003 Sfax, Tunisie Abstract: Karenia selliformis strain GM94GAB was isolated in 1994 from the north of Sfax, Gabès gulf, Tunisia. This species, which produces gymnodimine (GYM) a cyclic imine, has since been responsible for chronic contamination of Tunisian clams. A study was made by culturing the microalgae on enriched Guillard f/2 medium. The influence of growing conditions on toxin content was studied, examining the effects of (i) different culture volumes (0.25 to 40 litre flasks), (ii) two temperature ranges (17-15°C et 20-21°C) and (iii) two salinities (36 and 44). Chemical analyses were made by mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS). Results showed that (i) the highest growth rate (0.34 ± 0.14 div d-1) was obtained at 20°C and a salinity of 36, (ii) GYM content expressed as pg eq GYM cell-1 increased with culture time. The neurotoxicity of K. selliformis extracts was confirmed by mouse bioassay. This study allowed us to cal- culate the minimal lethal dose (MLD) of gymnodimine (GYM) that kills a mouse, as a function of the number of K. -
Ultrastructure and Molecular Phylogenetic Position of a New Marine Sand-Dwelling Dinoflagellate from British Columbia, Canada: Pseudadenoides Polypyrenoides Sp
European Journal of Phycology ISSN: 0967-0262 (Print) 1469-4433 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tejp20 Ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of a new marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate from British Columbia, Canada: Pseudadenoides polypyrenoides sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) Mona Hoppenrath, Naoji Yubuki, Rowena Stern & Brian S. Leander To cite this article: Mona Hoppenrath, Naoji Yubuki, Rowena Stern & Brian S. Leander (2017) Ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of a new marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate from British Columbia, Canada: Pseudadenoides polypyrenoides sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), European Journal of Phycology, 52:2, 208-224, DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2016.1274788 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2016.1274788 View supplementary material Published online: 03 Mar 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 25 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tejp20 Download by: [The University of British Columbia] Date: 13 April 2017, At: 11:37 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, 2017 VOL. 52, NO. 2, 208–224 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2016.1274788 Ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of a new marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate from British Columbia, Canada: Pseudadenoides polypyrenoides sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) Mona Hoppenratha,b, Naoji Yubukia,c, Rowena Sterna,d and Brian S. Leandera aDepartments of Botany and Zoology, -
University of Oklahoma
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Boris Wawrik, Chair ______________________________ Dr. J. Phil Gibson ______________________________ Dr. Anne K. Dunn ______________________________ Dr. John Paul Masly ______________________________ Dr. K. David Hambright ii © Copyright by JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER 2017 All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two advisors Dr. Boris Wawrik and Dr. J. Phil Gibson for helping me become a better scientist and better educator. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Anne K. Dunn, Dr. K. David Hambright, and Dr. J.P. Masly for providing valuable inputs that lead me to carefully consider my research questions. I would also like to thank Dr. J.P. Masly for the opportunity to coauthor a book chapter on the speciation of diatoms. It is still such a privilege that you believed in me and my crazy diatom ideas to form a concise chapter in addition to learn your style of writing has been a benefit to my professional development. I’m also thankful for my first undergraduate research mentor, Dr. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, now retired from Northern Kentucky University, who was the first to show the amazing wonders of pond scum. Who knew that studying diatoms and algae as an undergraduate would lead me all the way to a Ph.D. -
Toxicity Equivalence Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER
JOINT FAO/WHO Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER Cover photograph: © FAOemergencies JOINT FAO/WHO Toxicity equivalence factors for marine biotoxins associated with bivalve molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ROME, 2016 Recommended citation: FAO/WHO. 2016. Technical paper on Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs. Rome. 108 pp. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or of the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these are or have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by FAO and WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall FAO and WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. -
Development of a Quantitative PCR Assay for the Detection And
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/544247; this version posted February 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Development of a quantitative PCR assay for the detection and enumeration of a potentially ciguatoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus lapillus (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae). Key words:Ciguatera fish poisoning, Gambierdiscus lapillus, Quantitative PCR assay, Great Barrier Reef Kretzschmar, A.L.1,2, Verma, A.1, Kohli, G.S.1,3, Murray, S.A.1 1Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 NSW, Australia 2ithree institute (i3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 NSW, Australia, [email protected] 3Alfred Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany Abstract Ciguatera fish poisoning is an illness contracted through the ingestion of seafood containing ciguatoxins. It is prevalent in tropical regions worldwide, including in Australia. Ciguatoxins are produced by some species of Gambierdiscus. Therefore, screening of Gambierdiscus species identification through quantitative PCR (qPCR), along with the determination of species toxicity, can be useful in monitoring potential ciguatera risk in these regions. In Australia, the identity, distribution and abundance of ciguatoxin producing Gambierdiscus spp. is largely unknown. In this study we developed a rapid qPCR assay to quantify the presence and abundance of Gambierdiscus lapillus, a likely ciguatoxic species. We assessed the specificity and efficiency of the qPCR assay. The assay was tested on 25 environmental samples from the Heron Island reef in the southern Great Barrier Reef, a ciguatera endemic region, in triplicate to determine the presence and patchiness of these species across samples from Chnoospora sp., Padina sp. -
Effects of Marine Harmful Algal Blooms on Bivalve Cellular Immunity and Infectious Diseases: a Review
Effects of marine Harmful Algal Blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: a review Malwenn Lassudrie, Helene Hegaret, Gary Wikfors, Patricia Mirella da Silva To cite this version: Malwenn Lassudrie, Helene Hegaret, Gary Wikfors, Patricia Mirella da Silva. Effects of marine Harm- ful Algal Blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: a review. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, Elsevier, 2020, 108, pp.103660. 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103660. hal-02880026 HAL Id: hal-02880026 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02880026 Submitted on 24 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Effects of marine Harmful Algal Blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: a review Malwenn Lassudrie1, Hélène Hégaret2, Gary H. Wikfors3, Patricia Mirella da Silva4 1 Ifremer, LER-BO, F- 29900 Concarneau, France. 2 CNRS, Univ Brest, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France. 3 NOAA Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford, CT 0640 USA. 4 Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Invertebrates, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil. Abstract Bivalves were long thought to be “symptomless carriers” of marine microalgal toxins to human seafood consumers. -
Treatment Protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff Et Al
Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al PREVENTION AND REVERSAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: TREATMENT PROTOCOL by Ronald N. Kostoffa, Alan L. Porterb, Henry. A. Buchtelc (a) Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (b) Professor Emeritus, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (c) Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA KEYWORDS Alzheimer's Disease; Dementia; Text Mining; Literature-Based Discovery; Information Technology; Treatments Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al CITATION TO MONOGRAPH Kostoff RN, Porter AL, Buchtel HA. Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol. Georgia Institute of Technology. 2018. PDF. https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/59311 COPYRIGHT AND CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2018 by Ronald N. Kostoff, Alan L. Porter, Henry A. Buchtel Printed in the United States of America; First Printing, 2018 CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE This work can be copied and redistributed in any medium or format provided that credit is given to the original author. For more details on the CC BY license, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>. DISCLAIMERS The views in this monograph are solely those of the authors, and do not represent the views of the Georgia Institute of Technology or the University of Michigan. This monograph is not intended as a substitute for the medical advice of physicians. The reader should regularly consult a physician in matters relating to his/her health and particularly with respect to any symptoms that may require diagnosis or medical attention. -
Producing Gambierdiscus Polynesiensis and G.Excentricus (Dinophyceae) Kohli, G
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Queen's University Research Portal Role of Modular Polyketide Synthases in the Production of Polyether Ladder Compounds in Ciguatoxin-producing Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and G.excentricus (Dinophyceae) Kohli, G. S., Campbell, K., John, U., Smith, K. F., Fraga, S., Rhodes, L. L., & Murray, S. A. (2017). Role of Modular Polyketide Synthases in the Production of Polyether Ladder Compounds in Ciguatoxin-producing Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and G.excentricus (Dinophyceae). DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12405 Published in: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology Document Version: Peer reviewed version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights Copyright Wiley 2017. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. -
1 Gambierol 1 2 3 4 Makoto Sasaki, Eva Cagide, and 5 M
34570 FM i-xviii.qxd 2/9/07 9:16 AM Page i PHYCOTOXINS Chemistry and Biochemistry 34570 FM i-xviii.qxd 2/9/07 9:16 AM Page iii PHYCOTOXINS Chemistry and Biochemistry Luis M. Botana Editor 34570 FM i-xviii.qxd 2/9/07 9:16 AM Page iv 1 2 3 Dr. Luis M. Botana is professor of Pharmacology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. His group is a 4 world leader in the development of new methods to monitor the presence of phycotoxins, having developed 5 methods to date for saxitoxins, yessotoxin, pectenotoxin, ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, okadaic acid and dinophy- 6 sistoxins. Dr. Botana is the editor of Seafood and Freshwater Toxins: Pharmacology, Physiology and Detection, 7 to date the only comprehensive reference book entirely devoted to marine toxins. 8 ©2007 Blackwell Publishing 9 All rights reserved 10 1 Blackwell Publishing Professional 2 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014, USA 3 4 Orders: 1-800-862-6657 5 Office: 1-515-292-0140 6 Fax: 1-515-292-3348 7 Web site: www.blackwellprofessional.com 8 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 9 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 20 Tel.: +44 (0)1865 776868 1 2 Blackwell Publishing Asia 3 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia 4 Tel.: +61 (0)3 8359 1011 5 6 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, 7 is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Cen- 8 ter, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. -
Dinoflagelados (Dinoflagellata) Tóxicos De La Costa De Chiapas, México, Pacífico Centro Oriental
Dinoflagelados (Dinoflagellata) tóxicos de la costa de Chiapas, México, Pacífico centro oriental Ebodio Maciel-Baltazar Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas. Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150 Colonia Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas; [email protected] Recibido 12-VII-2014 • Corregido 16-X-2014 • Aceptado 25-X-2014 ABSTRACT: In this paper are given to know toxic species with public RESUMEN: Se documentan las especies productoras de toxinas con health importance, samples were obtained during 2010-2012 in the importancia en salud pública, se tomaron muestras durante los años coast of Chiapas, México, by net (20 µm mesh) in vertical hauls (up to 15 2010-2012 en la costa de Chiapas, con una red (20µm de malla) por m), fixed with Lugol’s solution and studied by light microscope bright arrastres verticales (a 15m), fijadas con lugol y estudiadas con técnicas field, Twenty-four species were documented to be present in the study de microscopia de luz de campo claro, se documentaron 24 especies área: Gymnodinium (1); Alexandrium (5); Pyrodinium (1); Phalacroma presentes en el área de estudio: Gymnodinium (1); Alexandrium (5); (2); Dinophysis (4);Prorocentrum (4); Karenia (4); Protoceratium (1); Pyrodinium (1); Phalacroma (2); Dinophysis (4)Prorocentrum (4); Karenia Gonyaulax (1); Lingulodinium (1), It was found corresponding with 64- (4); Protoceratium (1); Gonyaulax (1); Lingulodinium (1), que corres- 89% of the species from coastal waters of México. ponden entre el 64 al 89% de las especies reportadas para el Pacífico mexicano. Key words: Dinoflagellates; red tide; harmful algae; ficotoxins; Chiapas. Palabras clave: Dinoflagelados; marea roja; algas nocivas; ficotoxinas; Chiapas. -
A A–803467, 98 Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination
Index A Anxiety disorders, 55 A–803467, 98 APD. See Action potential duration Absorption, distribution, metabolism, Arrhythmias, 45, 46 elimination and toxicity Aryl sulfonamido indanes, 126–128, 130 (ADMET), 193 ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP Absorption, distribution, metabolism, channels), 61 excretion, and toxicity Atrial effective refractory period (AERP), 122, (ADMET), 68 124–126, 128, 129, 132, 138 Acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), Autoimmune diseases, 254 61, 62, 64 AZD7009, 101 Acetylcholine receptor (AChR), 57, 64 Azimilide, 139 Action potential duration (APD), 120, 122, 123, 128, 132 B Action potentials, 243, 256, 259 Basis set, 69–70 ADME/T, 299, 304 b-Barrel membrane proteins AERP. See Atrial effective refractory period genome-wide annotation, 13 Agitoxin (AgTX), 60 machine-learning techniques Agonists, 59–61, 64 residue pair preference, 11 Alinidine, 40–42 TMBs, 10 ALS. See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pipeline, genomic sequences, 14 Alzheimer, 55, 61 statistical method, 9–10 AMBER, 61, 65 Bending hinge, 64 2-Amino–2-imidazolidinone, 123, 125 Benzanilide, 256–257 Ammi visnaga, 254 Benzimidazolone, 256–257 b-Amyloid peptide (Ab), 62–63, 65 Benzocaine, 140 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 90, 94, Benzodiazepines, 245 101 Benzopyrane, 127–128 Anionic channel blockers Benzopyrans, 61, 246–251, 261 mechanism of action of, 329–330 Benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, 252–254 Antagonists, 59, 60 Benzothiadiazines, 253 Antiarrhythmic, 65–66, 68, 99, 101 Benzothiazepine, 70 Antiarrhythmic agents Benzothiazine derivatives, 251–252 class I, 245 Benzotriazole, 256–257 class II, 245 Bestrophins, 321, 322, 330, 331 class III, 245 Big potassium channels (BK channels), Antidepressant, 65–67 256, 257 Antiepileptic, 46 Bupivacaine, 56, 58, 59, 64, 69, 140 S.P.