Facteur Cheval

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Ferdinand Cheval 1836 / 1924 Le rêve de pierres du facteur Cheval Joseph Ferdinand Cheval , plus connu sous le nom de facteur Cheval , né le 19 avril 1836 à Charmes-sur-l'Herbasse , mort le 19 août 1924 à Hauterives , dans la Drôme, est un facteur français célèbre pour avoir passé 33 ans de sa vie à édifier un palais qui se nomme « Palais idéal » et huit années supplémentaires à bâtir son propre tombeau , tous deux considérés comme des chefs-d'œuvre d' architecture naïve . « Après avoir terminé mon Palais de rêve à l'âge de 77 ans et 33 ans de travail opiniâtre, je me suis trouvé encore assez courageux pour aller faire mon tombeau au cimetière de la paroisse. Là encore, j'ai travaillé huit années d'un dur labeur, j'ai eu le bonheur d'avoir la santé pour achever à l'âge de 86 ans le “Tombeau du Silence et du Repos sans fin” ». Ferdinand Cheval . Reconnaissance Au début des années 1930, Ferdinand Cheval reçoit le soutien moral de plusieurs artistes tels que Pablo Picasso et André Breton . Max Ernst qui séjourne en Ardèche durant l'occupation est fasciné par l'œuvre et lui dédie un de ses tableaux ( « Le Facteur Cheval »). André Malraux appuie la procédure de classement au titre des monuments historiques avant son départ du gouvernement ; il déclare pour sa part qu'il considère le Palais idéal comme « le seul représentant en architecture de l'art naïf (…) Il serait enfantin de ne pas classer quand c'est nous, Français, qui avons la chance de posséder la seule architecture naïve du monde et attendre qu'elle se détruise … » . Héritiers Le Palais Idéal est le précurseur d'un phénomène, celui des Environnements d'art , et en reste peut-être le plus génial et spectaculaire exemple. Ce phénomène, faisant l'objet d'ouvrages dès 196214 , reconnu aujourd'hui dans le monde entier, est lié à l'intérêt porté aux créations d' Art brut et Outsider . Le Palais Idéal a influencé des artistes comme Friedensreich Hundertwasser ( voir Citadelle verte de Magdeburg ) ou Niki de Saint-Phalle ( voir son Jardin des Tarots ) dans l'élaboration de leurs propres architectures imaginaires. Jean Tinguely fait référence au Facteur Cheval lorsqu'il construit avec une bande d'artistes dans les années 1970 sa dernière œuvre monumentale L'Œil du cyclope en forêt de Milly ( Fontainebleau ). http://www.facteurcheval.com Sources : site officiel & Wikipédia, l’encyclopédie libre. Documents pour l’élève Le palais idéal du facteur Cheval : rêves de pierres . Scénario de Philippe Bonifay. Cette bande-dessinée raconte l’histoire de la construction de ce palais de pierres érigé par Ferdinand Cheval, dans la Drôme au début du XXe siècle. Le Facteur Cheval : un rêve de pierres, de Pierre Chazaud. Editions Le Dauphiné Libéré 2012 . L'histoire du Facteur Cheval et de son Palais Idéal est extravagante et suscite toujours aujourd'hui curiosité et interrogation. Avec une volonté peu commune, il réalise, pendant plus de trente années, une oeuvre hors du temps et de toutes références artistiques de la fin du XIXe siècle. Qui était ce bâtisseur, un rêveur ou un précurseur du surréalisme et de l'art brut ? Pierre Chazaud vous emmène à sa rencontre et à celle de son rêve de pierre. Printemps de l’écriture 2014 / 2015 : « Pierrres » Un document élaboré par Isabelle GASS , CPD arts visuels : [email protected].

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