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Smart Recloser

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Smart Recloser Smart Recloser A Major Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering Submitted by: Salvador Antoniou __________________ Thomas Cucinotta __________________ James Silvia __________________ Date: April 28, 2011 Approved by: __________________________ Professor Alexander E. Emanuel - Advisor ABSTRACT The goal of this project was to develop an intelligent recloser system that is able to differentiate between a temporary and a persistent fault, and then take proper action. The intended use of this system is to increase reliability and energy quality. The system was realized by using a non-invasive method to monitor the soundness of the line. Through signal processing, this information is converted into logic that a microprocessor can use to control the recloser. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to Professor Alexander E. Emanuel for this eternal patience, guidance, and support throughout the project. We would also like to thank Professors Stephen Bitar and James O’Rourke for their troubleshooting assistance. Next, we would like to thank Tom Angelotti and Patrick Morrison of the ECE Shop for providing us with the equipment needed to complete this project. Last but not least, we would like to thank the ECE department at WPI for providing us with valuable knowledge throughout the course of our undergraduate studies. II TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................................................... I Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................ II Table of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................................ V List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................................................. VI I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 II. Background ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 - Typical Power Distribution System .................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 - Faults ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Transient Fault ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Persistent Fault ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 ASymmetric Fault .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Auto-Recloser ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 III. Problem Statement .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Our Goal ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11 III. The Smart Recloser – Overview ................................................................................................................................ 12 3.1 Block Diagram Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Testing Apparatus ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 Transducer...................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Circuit 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Circuit 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 14 MSP430 Block ................................................................................................................................................................ 14 3.2 System Operation ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 System Simulation .................................................................................................................................................... 15 IV. The Smart Recloser – System Design ...................................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Testing Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 Transformer ................................................................................................................................................................... 19 ElectroMagnetic Relay ............................................................................................................................................... 20 Power Resistor Array ................................................................................................................................................. 21 Fault Switch .................................................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Transducer ................................................................................................................................................................... 23 4.3 Transducer Signal Processing (Circuit 1 & 2)................................................................................................ 27 RC Filter ........................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Non-Inverting Amplifier............................................................................................................................................ 31 III Precision Rectifier ....................................................................................................................................................... 35 Non-Inverting Schmitt Trigger ............................................................................................................................... 39 5.4 MSP430 Control Block ............................................................................................................................................. 42 Voltage Summer ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 MSP430 Microcontroller ........................................................................................................................................... 45 Relay Driver ................................................................................................................................................................... 48 5.5 Overall System Performance ................................................................................................................................ 50 VI. Recomendations .............................................................................................................................................................. 52 VII. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................ 54 VIII.Works Cited .................................................................................................................................................................... 55 IX. Appendix ............................................................................................................................................................................. 57 Section A – PSPICE Simulation Code ......................................................................................................................... 57 Section B – Testing Apparatus Product Images ..................................................................................................
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