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June 1988

Generic Key to the Known Larvae of the , , and of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera)

M. C. Thomas West Virginia Department of Agriculture, Charleston, WV

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Thomas, M. C., "Generic Key to the Known Larvae of the Cucujidae, Passandridae, and Silvanidae of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera)" (1988). Insecta Mundi. 496. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/496

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vol. 2, no. 2, June 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 81

Generic Key to the Known Larvae of the Cucujidae, Passandridae, and Silvanidae of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera)

M.C. Thomas Pest Identification Laboratory West Virginia Department of Agriculture Charleston, WV 23505

Abstract genera: (Silvanidae: Uleiotinae) (1 sp.), (1 sp.), Crypfamo~ha(1 sp.), Dendrophaps (2 sp.); (Sil- Illustrated generic identification keys are present- vaninae) (2 spp.), (1 sp.), ed to the known larvae of Cucujidae, Passandridae, and (2 spp.), (2 spp.), and Catharfosilvanus (1 sp.); Silvanidae occurring in America north of Mexico. (Passandridae) (1 sp.), Scalidia (1 sp.); (Cucu- Introduction jidae: Cucujinae) (1 sp.), (1 sp.); (Laemophloeinae) Laemophloeus (sens. str.) (3 spp.), Pla- With the exception of a few stored products pests wnotus (1 sp.), Cryptolestes (3 spp.), Dysmerus (1 sp.), ?Nar- in the Laemophloeinae and , and a few large, thecius (1 sp.), and Lathropus (1 sp.), plus that of common forms belonging to genera such as Cucujus Fab- Laemophloeus (sens. kt.) chamaeropis (Schwarz), which ricius, Uleiota Latreille, and Telephanus Erichson, the seems most closely allied to Phloeolaemus Casey. North larvae of very few cucujids or silvanids have been de- American genera for which larvae are still unknown are: scribed or illustrated. Existing descriptions and illustra- (Laemophloeinae) Rhinomalus, Charaphloeus, kptoph- tions often are old and not very useful taxonomically. loeus, Parandrita, Rhabdophloeus, Deinophloeus; (Sil- Previously published larval keys to genera of Cucu- vanidae) and . The larvae of jidae and related families include Peyerimhoff (1902), Catharfosilvanus, Laemophloeus, Plawnotus, and Phloe- which covers seven genera still assigned to this group of olaemus were reared to adults and also have been taken families; Bsving (1921), which keys out the subfamilies numerous times in association with adults. The larvae of and five of the genera dealt with here; and Cutler (197l), two of the species of Cryptolestes, Cathartus, and Ory- which differentiates four species of stored products Sil- zaephilus, and one of the species of Ahasverus were taken vanidae in three genera. Pal (1981) recently described the from cultures. The larvae of the remainder of the species larva of Monanus wncinnulus (Wdker). were identified by association with adults or through the The family arrangement used here is that of Crow- literature. Couplet 19 was modified from an unpublished son (1981); the assignment of genera to subfamilies in key to the larval mandibles of several stored products sil- the Silvanidae follows Thomas (1984a). A conservative vanids by D.J. Vail, Jr. Figure 15was redrawn from Saalas course is followed in maintaining the Laemophloeinae (1917). Specimens examined are in the collections of the as a subfamily of the Cucujidae, although there is evi- Florida State Collection of , the U.S. National dence for considering it of full family rank allied to the Museum of Natural History, California Academy of Phalacridae and Propalticidae (Thomas 1984b). Sciences, D.H. Habeck, and the author. In preparing this key to larvae, I have examined Success in using this key depends on examination representatives of species belonging to the following with a transmitted light microscope of cleared, slide-

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mounted specimens. A number of new characters used 6'. Sensory process of antemomere II less than half in the key have been discovered and are best observed as long as antennomere III, as in Fig. 12; mand- in this way. However, the pigmented spots that are asso- ible with or without grinding mola ...... -7 ciated with the ocelli are destroyed during clearing and Mandible with acute basal tooth in place of should be examined and sketched beforehand. 7(6'). grinding mola ...... 1. Body physogastric; mouthparts, antennae, and .... Dysmerus Casey and ?Narthecius LeConte legs reduced; ectoparasitoids on xylophagous 7'. Mandible with grinding mola (Fig. 9) ...... Coleoptera (Passandridae) ...... Cryptolestes Ganglbauer Catogenus Westwood and Scalidia Erichson ... Cardo not divided (Fig. 1); urogomphi fixed 1'. Body not physogastric; mouth parts, antennae, 8(2). horn-like; abdominal segment X small, ventral and legs normal; known habits not parasitoid (Cucujinae) ...... 9 ...... 2 8'. Cardo divided (Fig. 13); urogomphi, if present, 2)Maxillary mala falciform; maxiUary articulating not horn- like; abdominal segment X forming a area not reduced; cardines present (Fig. 1);ab- posterior pygopod (Sivanidae) ...... 10 dominal segment VIII subequal to, or shorter Urogomphi arising directly from tergite IX (Fig. than, segment VII -8 9(8)...... 14), not on a sclerotized stalk...... 2'. Maxillary mala obtuse; maxillary articulating ...... Cucujus Fabricius area reduced; cardines absent (Fig. 2); abdomi- 9'. Urogomphi arising from a sclerotized stalk on nal segment VIII noticeably longer than seg- tergite IX (Fig. 15) ...... Pediacus Shuckard ment VII (Laemophloeinae) ...... 3 lO(8'). Antenna with antemomere LII subequal to I1 Abdominal tergites and sternites with conspicu- 3(2'). (Fig. 16); one tarsungular seta much farther dis- ous (in slide-mounted specimens) paired tad than the other (Fig. 17) (Uleiotinae) .ll patches of asperities (Fig. 3); abdominal segment ... 10'. Antenna with antemomere 111 reduced to a VIII sclerotized for most of length (Fig. 4 6) .4 . cap-like process at the apex of antemomere I1 3'. Abdominal tergites and sternites without con- (Fig. 18-19); tarsungular setae not widely sepa- spicuous paired patches of asperities, although rated (Sivaninae) ...... 14 scattered, minute asperities can be observed under high magnification; in most species, ab- ll(10). Abdominal tergite IX without urogomphi; sens- dominal segment VIII sclerotized only near apex ory process of antenna barely enlarged at base (Fig. 7) (the larva of Cryptolestes punctatus (Le- (Fig. 20) ...... Telephanus Erichson Conte) has abdominal segment VIII sclerotized 11'. Abdominal tergite IX with urogomphi; sensory as in Fig. 46, but lacks paired patches of asperi- process of antenna with bulbous base (Fig. 21) ties) ...... -6 ...... 12 4(3). Mandibles without a grinding mola (Fig. 8); dis- 12(11f).Urogomphi longer than abdominal segment X; tinct asperities present on abdominal segment posterior angles of abdominal sternite VIII pro- VII ...... Laemophloeus Dejean duced posteriorly so that they resemble second- 4'. Mandibles with a distinct grinding mola; asperi- ary urogomphi (Fig. 22) ...... 13 ties on abdominal segment VII visible only 12'. Urogomphi shorter than abdominal segment X; under high magnification ...... 5 posterior angles of abdominal sternite VIII not produced posteriorly (Fig. 23) ...... Abdominal sternite VIII with a longitudinal 5(4'). Cryptam~~phaWollaston sclerotized strip bordered on both sides by mem- ...... branous tissue (Fig. 5); mola narrow, as in Fig. 9 13(12). Antemomere III as long as II; five ocellar pig- .... Lmophloeus (sens. lat) chamaeropis Casey ment spots present, three anteriorly and two 5'. Abdominal sternite VIII with a single longitudi- posteriorly ...... White nal membranous area (Fig. 6,28); mola broad 13'. Antennomere III shorter than II; six ocellar pig- (Fig. 10) ...... Placonotus Macleay ment spots present, four anteriorly and two posteriorly ...... Uleiota Latreille 6(3'). Sensory process of antennomere I1 more than half as long as antennomere HI (Fig. 11); mand- 14(10'). Ocellar pigment spots arranged in three groups ible with mola acute, without grinding surface of two spots each ...... Monanus Sharp ...... Lathropus Erichson

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14'. Ocellar pigment spots not arranged in three measured from anterior edge of labrum to base groups of two spots each ...... 15 of head capsule...... 18 17'. Antennae shorter than length of head .19 15(14'). Abdominal tergite IX with two tubercles (Fig. .... 24) ...... 16 18(17). Antemomere ILI more or less dome-shaped (Fig. 15'. Abdominal tergite IX without tubercles ... .17 19) ...... Grouvelle 18'. Antemomere IJJ produced, nearly parallel- 16(15). Tergal shields heavily sclerotized; ocellar pig- sided (Fig. 27) ...... Silvanus Latreille ment spots arranged in two distinct groups, as in Fig. 25 ...... Redtenbacher 19(17'). Abdominal tergal shields distinctly pigmented; 16'. Tergal shields lightly sclerotized; ocellar pig- subapical tooth on mandibles not prominent ment spots not arranged in two distinct groups ...... Ahasvents Gozis (Fig. %) ...... Oryzc1ephilus Ganglbauer 19'. Thoracic tergal shields obsolescent; subapical tooth on mandibles prominent ...... 17(15'). Antenna distinctly longer than length of head ...... Cathartus Reiche

Figures 1-3. 1) Cucujus clnvipes Fabricius, maxilla; 2) Laemophloeus biguttatus (Say), maxilla; 3) Placonotus modestus (Say), abdominal segment IV, ventral view. Line = 0.5mm for Fig. 1 and 3, 0.125mm for Fig. 2.

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Figures 47. 4) Laemophloeus biguttatus (Say), apex of abdomen, ventral view; 5) Laemophloats (sens. fat.) chamaeropis Schwarz, same; 6) Placonotus modestus (Say), same; 7) Cryptolestesfmgineus (Stephens), same. Lie = 0.5mm.

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Figures 8-13. 8) Laemophloeus biguttatus (Say), mandible; 9) Ctyptolestes pusillus (Schonherr), same; 10) Placonotus modestus (Say), same; 11) Lathmpus pictus Schwarz, antenna; 12) Placmotus modestus (Say), same; 13) Telephunus velox (Haldeman), max- illa. Line = 0.5- for Fig. 8, 0.125mm for Fig. 9-11, 0.25mm for Fig. 12, 0.875- for Fig. 13.

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Figures 1447. 14) Cucujus clmipes Fabricius, abdominal apex, dorsal view; 15) Pediacus fuscus Erichson, same (redrawn from Saalas 1917); 16) Uleiota dubia (Fabricius), antenna; 17) Telephanus velox (Haldeman), tarsungulus. Line = 1.2mm for Fig. 14, 0.5mm for Fig. 16, 0.167mm for Fig. 17.

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Figures 18-23. 18) Oryzuephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus), antenna; 19) Cathartosilvanus imbellis (LeConte), antenna; 20) Tel- ephanus velox (Haldeman), sensory process of antennomere 111; 21) Uleiota dubia (Fabricius), same; 22) Ukwta dubia (Fabricius), abdominal apex, ventral view; 23) Cryptamwpha desjardinsi (Guerin), same. Lie = 0.167mm for Fig. 18-19, 0.07mm for Fig. 20-21, 0.5mm for Fig. 22-23.

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Figures 24-28. 24) Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus), abdominal apex, oblique view; 25) Cathartosilmnus imbellis (Le- Conte), ocellar pigment spots; 26) Orymephilus mercntor (Fauvel), same; 27) Gennar, antenna1 apex; 28) Plawnotus modestus (Say), larva, ventral view, length 4.0mm. Line = 0.5mm for Fig. 24, 0.07mm for Fig. 27, 0.67mm for Fig. 25-26.

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Acknowledgements Ahasverus advena (Waltl), Cathartus quadricol- lis (Guer.), Oryzaephilus surinarnensis (L.) and For making specimens under their care available Oryzaephilus rnercator (Fauv.) (Co1eoptera:Sil- for study I thank R.E. Woodruff, Florida State Collection vanidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 7:125-127. of Arthropods, and D.E. Andersen, National Museum of Natural History; I especially thank J.H. Frank, Univer- Pal, T.K. sity of Florida, for critically reading this manuscript and 1981. On Monanus Sharp (Co1eoptera:Silvanidae) for trying out an earlier version of this key and pointing from India. Oriental 15:241-255. out problem areas; D.J. Vail, Jr., Atlanta Regional Peyerimhoff, P. de. Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, for 1902. Descriptions des larves de trois Coleopteres permission to use his unpublished observations; and exotiques. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 7l:710-718,6 D.H. Habeck, University of Florida, for his encourage- figs. ment, for his specimens, and for his critical reading of Saalas, U. the manuscript. 1917. Die Fichtenkafer Finnlands. Studien uber die Literature Cited Entwicklungsstadien, Lebensweise und Bsving, A.G. georgraphische Verbreitung der an Picea ex- celsa Liilebenden Coleopteren nebst einer 1921. The larvae and pupae of the social Larvenbestimmungstabelle.Helsinki. Coccidotrophus socialis (Schwarz and Barber) Thomas, M.C. and Eunausibius wheeleri (Schwarz and Bar- ber) with remarks on the of the 1984a. A new Neotropical and species of ros- family Cucujidae. Zoologica (New York) trate Laemophloeinae (Co1eoptera:Cucu- 3:197-213. jidae), with discussion of the systematic Crowson, R. A. position of the subfamily. Coleopts. Bull. 38:67-83. 1981. The biology of the Coleoptera. Academic 1984b. A new species of apterous Telephanus Press, New York. i-xii & 802pp. (Co1eoptera:Silvanidae) with a discussion of Cutler, J.R. phylogenetic relationships of the Silvanidae. 197l. A key for distinguishing the larvae of Coleopts. Bull. 38:43-55.

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