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Arduino at Work: the Hylozoic Soil control system Philip Beesley and Robert Gorbet Beesley, Philip, and Robert Gorbet. “Arduino at Work: the Hylozoic Soil control system.” Mobile Nation: Creating Methodologies for Mobile Platforms. Eds. Philip Beesley, Martha Ladly and Ron Wakkary. Toronto: Riverside Architectural Press, 2008. 235-240, 245-258. Print. MOBILE NATION MOBILE M OBILE With contributions by: MOBILE NATION explores the emerging field of mobile experience design. The papers in this anthology include essays on design theories and Matt Adams Michael Longford methods for locative technologies, devices, experiences, and games, featuring Julie Andreyev Douglas MacLeod international scholars, researchers and industry experts. Philip Beesley Krystina Madej N Discussions are wide-ranging, addressing technological issues, such as GPS, Joanna Berzowska David McIntosh WiFi, Bluetooth, Radio Frequency ID tagging, intelligent materials and Jim Budd Shawn Micallef garments, alongside theoretical and cultural issues including mobile-social Barbara Crow Laura Mulligan interaction, participant observation, iterative and participatory design methods, ation Steve Daniels Tek-Jin Nam ambient media applications, and geo-locative experiences. Marc Davis Leena Saarinen Janice de Jong Kim Sawchuk Designers, engineers, and creators write about the potential for mobile Sara Diamond Thecla Schiphorst platforms in cultural industries, architecture, engineering, industrial design, Tom Donaldson Parmesh Shahani advertising, entertainment, recreation, and education. Judith Doyle Leslie Sharpe Anne Galloway Geoffrey Shea Canadian Design Research Network . Ontario College of Art & Design Paula Gardner Rob Shields Judy Gladstone Suzanne Stein Robert Gorbet Jenna Stephens-Wells Nathon Gunn Maria Stukoff Drew Hemment Nigel Thrift James E. Katz David Vogt BEES LAD Ehren Katzur Nina Wakeford Filiz Klassen Ron Wakkary L Martha Ladly Robert Woodbury Y L Angus Leech Eric Zimmerman EY Maroussia Lévesque Jan-Christoph Zoels Jason Lewis Edited by Martha Ladly Philip Beesley www.mobilelab.ca/mobilenation Riverside Architectural Press Riverside Architectural Press MOBILE NATION MOBILE Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Mobile Nation: Creating Methodologies for Mobile Platforms Edited by Martha Ladly and Philip Beesley This anthology is based on the Mobile Nation conference (2007) but is distinct from the conference proceedings published under the same title. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-9780978-4-4 1. Design and technology. 2. Wireless communication systems. 3. Mobile communication systems. 4. Design, Industrial. I. Ladly, Martha, 1955- II. Beesley, Philip, 1956- TS171.M63 2008 621.382 C2008-901298-4 Copyright © 2008 Riverside Architectural Press All rights reserved by the individual paper authors who are solely responsible for their content. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without prior permission of the copyright owner. An electronic copy of these papers in PDF format will be stored in the CDRN database. Networks of Centres of Excellence Reseaux de centres d’excellence Social Sciences and Humanities Conseil de recherches en Canadian Patrimoine Research Council of Canada sciences humaines du Canada Heritage canadien i Edited by Martha Ladly Philip Beesley Riverside Architectural Press ii MOBILE NATION MOBILE Contents 1 Introduction 1 Mobile Nation creating methodologies for mobile platforms SARA DIAMON D AN D MARTHA LA dl Y 6 Mobile Nation key themes and key thinkers MARTHA LA dl Y 7 Participatory Culture, Design, and Ethnography 9 Mobile Culture and Perceptions of Future Mobile Applications cultural values and usage patterns JAME S E. KATZ 15 Towards Issues-Based Art and Design Research ANNE GA ll OWAY 19 Morality, New Technology, and Engagement SUZANNE STEIN 25 Play as Research the iterative design process E RIC ZIMMERMAN 37 Shaking Hands with the User principles, protocols, and practices for user-integrated testing in mobile design BAR B ARA CROW AN D KIM SAWCHU K 43 Informing Design Through Ethnography and Informances RON WA kk ARY 47 Mobile Phone Imaging as Gesture and Momento RO B SHIE lds 53 Being There uncanny medium, methodological multiplicity and proliferative embodied creativity in The Haunting D AVI D MCINTO S H 61 The Haunting voices from beyond in mobile experience design MICHAE L LON G FOR D v 63 Tracklines mobile media and the problem of knowing the world AN G U S LEECH 65 Everything is All Going On at the Same Time NINA WA K EFOR D 6 7 Creating for the Multi-platform Context 69 Halos making more room in the world for new political forms NI G E L THRIFT 101 Mobile Public Art and the Urban Screen MARIA STU K OFF 107 Four Wheel Drift JU L IE AN D REYEV 111 Storytelling Goes Mobile SHAWN MICA ll EF 113 Shorts In Motion JU D Y GL A ds TONE 117 Mobile Text Messages as Part of an Interactive Television Drama LEENA SAARINEN 119 Mobility and the Identity Continuum NATHON GUNN 123 Pervasive and Social Computing 125 Context, Content, and Community inventing the future of mobile media MARC DAVI S 133 Mobile India glimpses and opportunities PARME S H SHAHANI 141 ( Im)Mobile Nation the iterative design process MAROU ss IA LÉVE S QUE AN D JA S ON LEWI S MOBILE NATION vi 147 Research and Design for Mobile Platforms a walk in the park MARTHA LA dl Y 157 Adventures In Mobile Culture Media DAVI D VO G T 159 Day of the Figurines a pervasive game for SMS MATT AD AM S 161 Electronic Textiles and Reactive Garments JOANNA BERZOW sk A 165 (softn) survival strategies for interaction THEC L A SCHI P HOR S T 169 Malleable Matter adaptable and responsive space FI L IZ KL A ss EN 1 7 5 Mobile Communication and Education 177 Gaming Literacy game design as a model for literacy in the twenty-first century ERIC ZIMMERMAN 185 Mobile Sphere-ing methods for making virtual spaces public PAU L A GAR D NER 195 Inside-out Experience Design GEOFFREY SHEA 199 Warmware mnemonic art and design research JU D ITH DOY L E 207 Deep Places mobile 2.0 and spatial experiences JAN -CHRI S TO P H ZOE ls 211 Roots Not Wires or, why mobile nations are local DREW HEMMENT vii 213 Engineering Meets Humanities and Social Science 215 The Mobilization of Art Practice body metaphors and the desktop world view STEVE DANIE ls 219 Hauntings Across the Atlantic The Marconi Trilogy LE sl IE SHAR P E 223 Pagecraft a tangible interactive storytelling platform to meet the needs of kids on the go JIM BU dd , KRY S TINA MA D E J , JENNA STE P HEN S -WE lls , JANICE D E JON G , EHREN KATZUR , AN D LAURA MU ll I G AN 229 Interactive, Tangible, and Augmented Prototyping with MIDAS TE K -JIN NAM 235 Arduino at Work the hylozoic soil control system RO B ERT GOR B ET AN D PHILIP BEE sl EY 241 Technology and Mobile Platforms TOM DONA lds ON 243 Biographies, Credits, Index 245 Biographies 253 Image Credits 257 Conference and Publication Credits 259 Index MOBILE NATION viii Arduino at Work the Hylozoic Soil control sytem Robert Gorbet and Philip Beesley University of Waterloo Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform that was created to make tools for software-controlled interactivity accessible to non-spe- cialists. The Arduino microcontroller board can read sensors, make sim- ple decisions, and control devices. This palm-sized computing platform is the product of an open-source community project that began with a small group of hardware developers giving workshops and that now numbers many tens of thousands of international users that co-operate in develop- ing specialized applications. Hylozoic Soil, an interactive environment exhibited in 2007 at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, is an example of Arduino at work. The dis- tributed nature of Hylozoic Soil and the group behaviour which emerges is strongly related to the open-source Arduino project. Occupants move within the Hylozoic Soil structure as they would through a dense thicket within a forest. Microprocessor-controlled sensors embedded within the environ- ment signal the presence of occupants, and motion ripples through the system in response. Dozens of microprocessors, each controlling a series of sensors and actuators, create emergent reactions akin to the composite 1 Two views of Hylozoic Soil, motion of a crowd. Visitors move freely amidst hundreds of kinetic devices installed at the Montreal within this environment, tracked by many dozens of sensors organized in Museum of Fine Art, 2007 ‘neighbourhoods’ that exchange signals in chains of reflexive responses. The installation is designed as a flexible, accretive kit of interlinking parts organized by basic geometries and connection systems. Variations are cre- ated by numerous individuals assembling the work. The result is a turbulent chorus of motion. The first developers of Arduino—Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, David Mellis, and Nicholas Zambetti—ran workshops that demonstrated assembly of the devices and gave copies of the board away to stimulate development. A community of developers and users now provides co-operative support, and the programming environment and documentation is written with the neophyte in mind. The Arduino com- facing page 2 Close-up view of the Printed munity has to date created myriad documents describing how to extend and Circuit Boards used in interface Arduino with different systems, including Hylozoic Soil. The Bare-Bones Arduino board is mounted to a • MaxStream’s inexpensive and compact XBee RF wireless custom ‘daughter’ board. transceivers 235 Engineering meets Humanities and Social Science • Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones, with the Arduino BT extended board • LCD displays • Cycling 74’s Max/MSP/Jitter graphical scripting environment The following description focuses on the control system that was devel- oped for active functions within the Hylozoic Soil project.