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Kentucky Geological Survey the Paleontology of Kentucky

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Kentucky Geological Survey the Paleontology of Kentucky The Kentucky Geological Survey WILLARD ROUSE JILLSON Director and State Geologist SERIES SIX Volume Thirty-six The Paleontology of Kentucky 1931 BRACHIOSPONGIA DIGITATA. A rare Franklin County, Kentucky, Fossil Sponge from the Brannon (Ordovician) limestone. Because of its unusual figure and rarity it is much prized by collectors as a museum piece. Photo by W. R. Jillson, 1927. THE PALEONTOLOGY OF KENTUCKY A Symposium outlining systematically, and briefly describing with stratigraphic references the various fossil forms of life indigenous to the rocks of the Commonwealth, arranged and edited By WILLARD ROUSE JILLSON, B. S., M. S., Sc. D. State Geologist of Kentucky From the separate manuscripts of ROY LEE MOODIE, A. B., Ph. D. ARTHUR CRANE McFARLAN, A. B., Ph. D. AUGUST FREDERICK FOERSTE, A. B., A. M., Ph. D. THOMAS EDMUND SAVAGE, A. B., B. S., M. S., Ph. D. JAMES MARVIN WELLER, B. S., Ph. D. WILLIAM CLIFFORD MORSE, A. B., A. M., Ph. D. JOSEPH KENT ROBERTS, A. B., A. M., Ph. D. and CHALMER LEWIS COOPER, B. S., M. S. Illustrated with One Hundred and Thirteen Photographs, Maps and Diagrams THE KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY 1931 First Edition 500 Copies Copyright 1931, by KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY All Rights Reserved THE STATE JOURNAL COMPANY Printers to the Commonwealth FRANKFORT, KY. Dedicated to the REMARKABLE EARLY SCIENTIFIC IMPULSES of M. deLongueil, 1739 Colonel Christopher Gist, 1751 Colonel George Croghan, 1765 Captain Harry Gordon, 1766 Benjamin Franklin, 1768 George Louis LeClerc, Comte de Buffon General William Henry Harrison, 1795 President Thomas Jefferson, 1797 Doctor William Goforth, 1804 Thomas Ashe, Esquire, 1806 General William Clark, 1807 and John Clifford, 1816 who because of their interest in, collection of and philosophical writings on the PLEISTOCENE MAMMALIAN FOSSILS OF BIG BONE LICK may be properly accredited with the placement of the foundation stones of KENTUCKY PALEONTOLOGY Contents An Introduction to Kentucky Paleontology. By Willard Rouse J i l l s o n __________________xi The Geological Succession of Life in Kentucky. By Roy Lee Moodie __________________ 1 The Ordovician Fauna. By Arthur Crane McFarlan_______________ 47 The Silurian Fauna. By August Frederick F o e r s t e ___________ 167 The Devonian Fauna. By Thomas Edmund Savage_____________ 215 The Mississippian Fauna. By James Marvin Welter________________ 249 The Pennsylvanian Invertebrate Fauna. By William Clifford Morse _____________ 293 The Pennsylvanian Vertebrate Fauna. By Roy Lee Moodie___________________351 The Mesozoic Fauna and Flora. By Joseph Kent Roberts ________________387 The Cenozoic Fauna and Flora. By Joseph Kent Roberts_____________ 407 The Pleistocene Fauna. By Chalmer Lewis Cooper__ ___________ 433 Index _____________________________________________463 List of Illustrations Page Plate A. Brachiospongia Digitata ________________________________ Frontispiece Figure 1. The oldest known bacteria from the pre-Cambrian rocks 5 Figure 2. Diagrammatic section of the earth's crust _________________________ 6 Figure 3. Life in the Cambrian period ___________________________________ 7 Figure 4. A number of small crustacea ___________________________________ 9 Figule 5. Some sea animals ___________________________________________ 12 Figure 6. Life in the old Silurian rocks ___________________________________14 Figure 7. Dependent life in the Paleozoic _________________________________15 Figure 8. Diseased Paleozoic animals ___________________________________16 Figure 9. Animals which lived during Devonian times ______________________17 Figure 10. A restoration of the Crossopterygerian fish, Devonian ________ 19 Figure 11. A restoration of the earliest known petrified forest ______________ 21 Figure 12. A Devonian footprint of a land vertebrate _______________________22 Figure 13. Two animals from rocks of the Mississippian period ______________ 23 Figure 14. Amphibian footprints in Mississippian shales _________ __________24 Figure 15. Rock of Pennsylvanian age ________________________ __________29 Figure 16. Part of the skeleton of an amphibian _________________ __________ 30 Figurc 17. Restoration of two Coal Measures amphibians ________ ___ _______31 Figure 18. One of the salamander-like stegocephalians ___________ __________32 Figure 19. The only known reptile found in American Coal Measures _________ 33 Figure 20. Composite restorations of Coal Measure trees ____________________ 34 Figure 21. Injured skull of a Pleistocene Mastodon _________________________ 38 Figure 22. The American Mastodon _____________________________________39 Figure 23. Teeth of Mastodon and Mammoth _____________________________ 40 Figure 24. Kentucky Pleistocene Mammoth ______________________________41 Figure 25. Map of Kentucky ___________________________________________ 49 Plate B. High Bridge and Lexington Limestones at Boonesboro ______________ 60 Plate I. Fossils of High Bridge and Lower Lexington ___________________ __ 129 Plate II. Fossils of Lexington Limestone _____________________________ __ 131 Plate III. Fossils of Lexington Limestone ____ _______________________ __ 133 Plate IV. Fossils of Lexington Limestone ____________________________ __ 135 Plate V. Fossils of Cynthiana Limestone _____________________________ __ 131 Plate VI. Fossils of Cynthiana Limestone ____________________________ __ 139 Plate VII. Fossils of Cynthiana Limestone ____________________________ __ 141 Plate VIII. Fossils of Rogers Gap and Eden shale ______________________ __ 143 Plate IX. Fossils of Eden Shale ________________ ____________________ __ 145 Plate X. Fossils of the Fairview _______________ ____________________ __ 147 Plate XI. Fossils of the Fairview _______________ ____________________ __ 149 Plate XII. Fossils of the McMillan _____________ ____________________ __ 151 Plante XIII. Fossils of the McMillan ___________ ____________________ __ 153 Plate XIV. Fossils of the Richmond ____________ ____________________ __ 155 Plate XY. Fossils of the Richmond _____________ ____________________ __ 151 Plate XVI. Fossils of the Richmond ____________ ____________________ __ 159 Figure 26. Map of Kentucky of Silurian rocks _________________________ __ 112 Plate XVII. Fossils of the Brassfield ________________________________ __ 195 Plate XVIII. Fossils of the Brassfield ________________________________ __ 191 Plate XIX. Fossils of the Brassfield, Bisher, etc. _______________________ __ 199 Plate XX. Fossils of the Waco _____________________________________ __ 201 Plate XXI. Fossils of the Ribolt and Bisher ___________________________ __ 203 Plate XXII. Fossils of the Lilley, Peebles, etc. _________________________ __ 205 Plate XXIII. Fossils of Osgood, Laurel, etc. __________________________ __ 201 Plate XXIV. Fossils from the Louisville _____________________________ __ 209 Plate XXV. Fossils from the Louisville ______________________________ __ 211 Plate XXVI. Fossils from the Louisville _____________________________ __ 213 Figure 27. Map of Kentucky showing Devonian strata __________________ __ 211 Plate XXVII. Fossils of the Jeffersonville Limestone ___________________ __ 231 Plate XXVIII. Fossils of the Jeffersonville Limestone __________________ __239 Page Plate XXIX. Fossils of Sellersburg and Jeffersonville Limestone ___________ 241 Plate XXX. Fossils of Sellersburg Limestone ___________________________243 Plate XXXI. Fossils of Sellersburg and Jeffersonville Limestone ____________245 Plate XXXII. Fossils of Duffin Shale __________________________________247 Figure 28. Map of Kentucky showing Mississippian rocks _________________252 Plate XXXIII. Fossils of the New Providence ___________________________269 Plate XXXIV. Fossils of the Keokuk Age _____________________________ 271 Plate XXXV. Fossils of the Warsaw-Salem _____________________________273 Plate XXXVI. Fossils of the St. Louis _________________________________275 Plate XXX VII. Fossils of the St. Louis ________________________________277 Plate XXXVIII. Fossils of the Ste. Genevieve ___________________________279 Plate XXXIX. Fossils of the Chester _________________________________ 281 Plate XL. Fossils of the Renault ______________________________________283 Plate XLI. Fossils of the Paint Creek _________________________________ 285 Plate XLII. Fossils of the Golconda ___________________________________287 Plate XLIII. Fossils of the Glen Dean __________________________________289 Plate XLIV. Fossils of the Upper Chester _____________________________ 291 Figure 29. Distribution of Pennsylvanian sediments ______________________296 Plate XLV. Fossils of the Kendrick and Dwale shales ____________________ 331 Plate XLVI. Fossils from the Kendrick shales ___________________________333 Plate XLVII. Fossils from Kendrick shales and Magoffin beds ______________335 Plate XLVIII. Fossils from the Kendrick shales and Magoffin beds __ 337 Plate XLIX. Fossils from the Kendrick shales and Magoffin beds ___________339 Plate L. Fossils from the Kendrick shales and Magoffin beds ______________ 341 Plate LI. Fossils from the Kendrick shales and Flint Ridge _________________343 Plate LII. Fossils from the Kendrick shales _____________________________345 Plate LIII. Fossils from the Kendrick shales and Magoffin beds _____________347 Plate LIV. Fossils from the Kendrick shales ____________________________349 Figure 30. Fossil footprints in rocks of Oklahoma ________________________354 Plate LV. Geological Map of North America ____________________________367 Plate LVI. Fishes from the Pennsylvanian
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