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What Is Literature? (Excerpt)
14 Writing Literature is the art form in which Sartre expresses his own philosophy. The novels and plays are strewn with characters in bad faith: Garcin in No Exit, Goetz in The Devil and the Good Lord, the senator in The Respectable Prostitute, Hugo in Dirty Hands, Franz in Altona, Lucien in the short story ‘Childhood of a Leader’ in The Wall, Daniel in The Roads to Freedom, Kean in the play of that name, and of course, the café waiter who features not only in The Age of Reason, the first volume of The Roads to Freedom, but in Being and Nothingness. Opposed to them, but fewer in number, are the characters who in differing degrees recognise their own freedom: Mathieu in Iron in the Soul (but not in The Age of Reason and The Reprieve), Oreste in The Flies, the tortured resistance fighters in Men Without Shadows, Lizzie in The Respectable Prostitute, Roquentin in Nausea. Works of fiction provide a criterion for the truth of a ‘humanistic’ philosophy such as Sartre’s existentialism. Sartre draws a sharp distinction between literature and science: Literature is ambiguous but each sentence of science or philosophy has, or should have, one and only one meaning. Sentences of literature may have multiple meanings, or may express different propositions. This presents Sartre with a dilemma. To the extent to which the sentences making up his novels, stories and plays are ambiguous they do not serve as a vehicle for his philosophy. To the extent to which they are unambiguous, they are not literature, at least by his own criterion. -
Easychair Preprint Jean-Paul Sartre's Concept of Atheism As Existential Phenomenological Humanism
EasyChair Preprint № 2973 Jean-Paul Sartre’s Concept of Atheism as Existential Phenomenological Humanism Ryan Cutamora EasyChair preprints are intended for rapid dissemination of research results and are integrated with the rest of EasyChair. April 6, 2020 Jean Paul’s Sartre’s Concept of Atheism as Existential Phenomenological Humanism Ryan Ramos Cutamora [email protected] Abstract. This article exposes Sartre’s concept of atheism as existential phenomenological humanism which dismisses God on the basis of being a creator who determines our essence in advance. The researcher’s objective is to expose Sartre’s concept of atheism as existential phenomenological humanism. The study will use the methodological hermeneutics as the theoretical framework. Sartre’s atheism is a form of existential phenomenological humanism, and such evaluation is plausible and true. This claim is being reinforced by the relevant elements of Sartre’s idea. The meaning of life has to invade our sincere concerns about the mystery of our existence through existential phenomenological humanism. Therefore, the researcher concludes that existential phenomenological humanism is a humanism which is based on existentialist and phenomenological reading of human existence which proposes that man is responsible for everything because when he finds himself thrown; he discovers that he is responsible for everything. It is existential because it says that man is thrown into the world with no inherent purpose. It is phenomenological because it deals with the life-experience of being thrown into existence. Furthermore, the researcher’s study is situated not on metaphysical speculation of divine causes nor transcendent external principles but on concrete life experience of an individual thrown project. -
A Critical Analysis of Jean Paul Sartre's Existential Humanism with Particular Emphasis Upon His Concept of Freedom and Its Moral Implications
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-1963 A critical analysis of Jean Paul Sartre's existential humanism with particular emphasis upon his concept of freedom and its moral implications. Joseph P. Leddy University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Leddy, Joseph P., "A critical analysis of Jean Paul Sartre's existential humanism with particular emphasis upon his concept of freedom and its moral implications." (1963). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 6331. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/6331 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JEAN PAUL SARTRE'S EXISTENTIAL HUMANISM WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS UPON HIS CONCEPT OF FREEDOM AND ITS MORAL IMPLICATIONS A THESIS Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of Philosophy in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at Assumption University of Windsor by JOSEPH P. -
African-American Literary Marxism in the Period of the Cold War, 1946-1969
Beyond the Blueprint: African-American Literary Marxism in the Period of the Cold War, 1946-1969 by Konstantina M. Karageorgos A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (English Language and Literature) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Emeritus Professor Alan M. Wald, Chair Professor Jonathan E. Freedman Professor Marjorie Levinson Associate Professor Xiomara Santamarina For my parents, Konstantinos and Sharon Karageorgos ii Acknowledgements Infinite gratitude goes to Alan Wald, who has supported this project from its inception, and who refuses to render history a fetish. By her sterling example, Marjorie Levinson has shown me how to think and write “beyond the blueprint.” For pressing me on the question of “why not Ellison,” I thank Xiomara Santamarina. I thank Jonathan Freedman for felicitous conversation and for talking me down from the peak of anxiety—thank you for reminding me to have fun. Although they were not able to see this project through, Kathryne V. Lindberg and Patsy Yaeger are present in the prose. Several other colleagues and friends, here and elsewhere, deserve special thanks. I wish to thank Nathaniel Mills for interminable debates on Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison. May they continue! For seven years of conversation and friendship, I thank Catherine Cassel. Louis Cicciarelli, thank you for your sage words on the value of “not knowing.” Renee C. Hoogland, thank you for helping me go on after everything ended. Logan Scherer, Kathryne Bevilacqua, Carolyn Dekker, Rebecca Ariel Porte, Justin Joque, Alison De Simone, and Kya Mangrum have read and commented on unwieldy drafts. -
English Translation of the Principal Titles Cited in French
English Translation of the Principal Titles Cited in French Avant-propos aAden Arabie Foreword to Aden Arabia La Cause du Peuple The Cause of the People 'Les Communistes et la paix' 'The Communists and Peace' Les Communistes ont peur de The Communists are afraid of la revolution the Revolution Les Chemins de Ia liberte The Roads to Freedom (trilogy) (i) L' Age de raison The Age of Reason (ii) Le Sursis The Reprieve (iii) La Mort dans l'ame Iron in the Soul Critique de Ia raison dialectiquf! Critique of Dialectical Reason La Derniere Chance The Last Chance Le Diable et le bon dieu The Devil and the Good Lord 'Drole d'amitie' 'An Odd Friendship' Entretiens sur la politique Debating Politics L'Etre et le neant Being and Nothingness L'Existentialisme est un Existentialism and Humanism humanisme 'Le Fantome de Staline' 'The Ghost of Stalin' L'Idiot de la famille The Family Idiot !'Accuse I Accuse Jean sans terre Rootless John Liberation Liberation Les Mots Words La Nausee Nausea Nekrassov Nekrassov On a raison de se revolter Rebellion is justified Orphee nair Black Orpheus Preface: Les Damnes de la Terre Preface: The Wretched of the Earth 'Presentation des Temps 'Introducing Modern Times' Modernes' 155 156 English Translation of French Titles Qu'est-ce que Ia Iitterature? What is Literature? Reflexions sur Ia question juive On the Jewish Question Saint Genet, comedien et martyr Saint Genet, Actor and Martyr Les Sequestres d'Altona The Condemned of Altona Situations Situations Les Temps Modernes Modern Times Les Troyennes The Trojan Women 'Visages' 'Faces' Notes and References PREFACE 1. -
Simply Sartre
Simply Sartre Simply Sartre DAVID DETMER SIMPLY CHARLY NEW YORK Copyright © 2020 by David Detmer Cover Illustration by José Ramos Cover Design by Scarlett Rugers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher at the address below. [email protected] ISBN: 978-1-943657-42-1 Contents Praise for Simply Sartre vii Other Great Lives ix Series Editor's Foreword x Preface xi Acknowledgements xiv Abbreviations xv 1. A Full, Varied, and Highly Unusual Life 1 2. Responsibility 15 3. Consciousness 37 4. Freedom 65 5. Sartre's Legacy 88 Suggested Reading 95 About the Author 140 A Word from the Publisher 141 Praise for Simply Sartre “This is a delightful introduction to the life and ideas of Jean-Paul Sartre. Detmer’s writing is clear, engaging, and fun to read. The book weaves together accurate overviews of Sartre’s main ideas with convincing reasons these ideas are still relevant today. The book ends with useful summaries of 50 of Sartre’s works—a perfect roadmap for anyone who wishes to read Sartre himself. If I had to recommend one book to a friend, colleague, or family member on Jean-Paul Sartre, this would be it.” —Joshua Tepley,Associate Professor of Philosophy, Saint Anselm College “David Detmer’s new book will stimulate first-time readers of Sartre, challenge advanced students, and offer political activists as well as scholars much to think about. -
Paris As a Publishing Capital for Foreign Authors
1 Paris as a publishing capital for foreign authors Originally published as “Paris capitale éditoriale des mondes étrangers”, in A. Marès and P. Milza (eds.), Le Paris des étrangers depuis 1945 (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1994), p. 373-394. The article’s rather bombastic title, sounding like something General de Gaulle might have said, should be read as an invitation to consider how literary capitals shifted between 1930 and 1960. Paris was the nerve center of Western culture between the two world wars, attracting artists from South America, the English-speaking world, Eastern Europe, and Africa, until German occupation turned the city dangerously inward-looking. Most of the city’s foreign population was flung, as if by centrifugal force, out to other, brighter horizons, as Switzerland, Algiers, and New York took on their own immigrant colonies. A new dividing line separated the zone under German control from towns and cities in southern France, which set out to poach the authors and publishers that gave Paris its place at the heart of World Literature. Lyons, Marseilles, Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, even Algiers and Geneva proved dangerous rivals for the Left Bank. Would the power of attraction of 1930s Paris withstand the expansion of American culture after the war? Such was the major issue facing French publishing in 1945, as bookshop window displays were hastily emptied of authors from the dark days just passed and refilled with writers banned for four years. A certain number of conditions must be met for a city to act as a publishing capital for foreign authors. -
The Empty and Desolate Consciousness
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1966 The mpte y and desolate consciousness. Lawrence Pih University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Pih, Lawrence, "The mpte y and desolate consciousness." (1966). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 2513. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2513 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ** & } 2. THE EMPTY AND DESOLATE CONSCIOUSNESS Lawrence rlh Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Massachusetts, Amherst June, 1966 Acknowledgments I wish to thank Dr. Leonard Ehrlich for reading the manuscript and making many valuable criticisms, comments and suggestions for its improvement. I also wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mrs. Helen Lottla who devoted considerable time and energy to proofreading and typing the manuscript. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION PART I. PHENOMENOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY 4 A. The Limitations of Analytical Philosophy 4 B. The Applicability of a Phenomenological Approach to the Problem of Consciousness 26 II. THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF SARTRE 31 A. Husserl and the Theory of Intentionslity 31 B. Heidegger and His Phenomenology of the Dasein .... 35 III. THE HIATUS BETWEEN THE "BEING-FOR-ITS ELF” AMD BEING-IN- ITSELF 4g A. Sartre* s Point of Departure ............. 4g B. The Two Regions of Being 58 1 . -
37453722.Pdf
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) In the aftermath of World War II, a little-known writer and teacher, Jean-Paul Sartre, emerged as an intellectual and literary leader, gaining worldwide celebrity as the prophet of Jean Paul Sartre Paris 1948 existentialism. As Europeans tried to make sense of three decades of instability and destruction, existentialism became the most fashionable philosophical stance—its idea of absurdity within a meaningless universe rang true to those who faced bombed-out buildings, occupation and concentration camps. Though Sartre was not the first existentialist, he was certainly the most famous, and an international cult grew around him, his companion, the feminist Simone de Beauvoir, and their Paris meeting place, the Café de Flore. In his writings and political activity, Sartre warned against succumbing to repressive conformity, championing instead an authentic, engaged life. Born in Paris, Jean-Paul never knew his naval officer father, who died when Jean-Paul was still an infant. His mother, a cousin of the famous Albert Schweitzer, and his grandparents raised him. He graduated from the École Normale Supérieure in 1929 and between 1931 and 1939 taught philosophy at Le Havre, Laon, and Paris. In 1932 he traveled to Berlin to study the philosophies of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. Jean Paul Sartre 1906 Sartre wrote several psychological works before his first novel, the autobiographical Nausea, brought him recognition in 1938. In Nausea, the protagonist Roquentin experiences disgust at the fact that people exist despite the fact that there is no reason to exist. The novel, as well as a collection of short stories, The Wall, expressed Sartre’s idea that to face an absence of abslolute values, one must engage in acts of creation. -
A Critique of Jean-Paul Sartre's Ontology
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska) University Studies of the University of Nebraska 3-1951 A CRITIQUE OF JEAN-PAUL SARTRE'S ONTOLOGY Maurice Natanson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/univstudiespapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Studies of the University of Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. University of Nebraska Studies March 1951 A CRITIQUE OF JEAN-PAUL SARTRE'S ONTOLOGY * * * * MAURICE NATANSON NEW S E R I E S N O. 6 PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY AT LINCOLN, NEBRASKA THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDIES R. W. Goss, Chairman E. N. ANDERSON H. T. BATES K. H. FREEMAN R. W. FRANTZ W. G. LEAVITT F.A.LuNDY H.L. WEAVER BOARD OF UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS R. V. SHUMATE, Chairman K.O.BROADY F. A. LUNDY H. F. RHOADES G. W. ROSENLOF G. S.ROUND L. C. WIMBERLY EMILY SCHOSSBERGER, Secretary CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. PART I EXPOSITION CHAPTER