Smart Cities Doors to Informal Sector

A Shankar

National BINUCOM conference, Informal Settlements in Indian Cities Impulses for Innovation in Architecture and Urban Planning Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 1-4 September 2016 Informal Settlements Indian Cities Impulses for Innovation in Architecture and Urban Planning Doors to Informal Sector Smart Cities 2 September 2016

A Shankar | National Director | Head (Operations) - Strategic Consulting Smart Cities 2 September 2016

A Shankar | National Director | Head (Operations) - Strategic Consulting 1990 ????? 1990 ? 1990

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Urbanization: An unstoppable force in an uncertain world Currently 50% of world’s population lives in urban areas 22% live in top 600 cities 75% of the 600 cities are in emerging economies

25% equivalent to of world population will 60% live in top 600 cities of world GDP by 2025 by 2025 (USD 64 tn)

19 JLL Global300 300 cities account for 40% of Global GDP

Super cities Top30 31 - 100 101 - 300

The most populous, productive and connected cities, home to MNC’s, Capital and Skills

Based on population, GDP, corporate presence, air connectivity, commercial real estate stock and real estate investment volumes Source: JLL, 2015 Differing Urban Priorities Developed Economies • Green Legislation (city level, building level) • Planning Smart Cities / Communities • Green Solar Densities • Green Funding • High use of green technologies and renewables • Improved recycling • Reducing carbon footprint • Zero Carbon buildings, neighborhoods, cities REDUCING CONSUMPTION Differing Urban Priorities

Developing Economies • Generating jobs • Focus on basic needs - water, food, shelter • Scarce urban land, high cost of real estate, slums, affordable housing • Very high level of migration • Very high population densities • Crumbling urban infrastructure • Need of capacity building at all levels of urban governance • Funding challenges

BASIC SUSTENANCE

22

The Language of a Modern Competitive City

TECHNOLOGY

LIVEABILITY

BUSINESS BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS

TRANSPARENCY

GOVERNANCE SUSTAINABILITY

Brookings/Greg Clark TALENT Megacities Face Similar Challenges…

Spatial Planning Multiple CBDs Density Traffic Congestion Infrastructure Fragmentation Funding Leadership Continuity

Disaster Resilience Branding Risk Mitigation Identity Perceptions

Inequality Affordability Business Friendliness Poverty Community Transparency The rise of the Super Cities account for 20% of real estate investment …

Paris New York London Tokyo The Big 4, Now the Big 6 : Archetypal World Cities Emerging Cities Globalising at Breakneck Speed Most rapidly globalising cities according to GaWC GaWC 2000 GaWC 2012 Change + Rank Rank Doha 177 83 94 Shenzhen 200 120 80 Guangzhou 109 50 59 Hanoi 147 100 47 Dubai 54 10 44 Bangalore 81 46 35 Cape Town 94 64 30 Beijing 36 8 28 Lagos 123 97 26 102 77 25 Shanghai 31 6 25 Almaty 143 119 24 Moscow 34 14 20 Riyadh 95 75 20 Lima 80 61 19

Source: GaWC, 2013

27 URBAN

2015 2030

31% Population 40% Population

63% of GDP 75% of GDP

42 Mn+ Cities 68 Mn+ Cities

• 80% of 2030 Urban India still to be built • A new Coimbatore needs to be built every year Challenges in Cities What is Smart City?

As per Smart Cities Council “A smart city uses information and communications technology (ICT) to enhance its liveability, workability and sustainability”.

Smart city works in three simplest processes;

- A smart city collects information about itself through sensors, other devices and existing systems - It communicates that data using wired or wireless networks and - It analyses that data to understand what’s happening now and what’s likely to happen next. What is Smart City?

In developed countries – Application over the existing infrastructure through IT platform including sustainable development.

In India - Smart Cities initiatives will have to focus on providing basic needs through IT enabled solutions, since many cities lack basic infrastructure, institutional framework and proper governance Summary of Top 20 Smart Cities proposal

Urban Mobility Water Management

Waste Recycling

E-Governance

Smart Health

No. JLL Cities Ranking

1 Bhubaneswar 1 2 Chennai 18 3 Amritsar 25 4 Tiruchirappalli 61 5 Vadodara 81 Top priority of Smart Cities

Urban Mobility Water Management Waste Management E-Governance

Pedestrian Friendly Pathways

Cycle Sharing System and Dedicated Cycle Tracks

On-Street Parking Management

Multi-Modal Integration

LED Street Lighting

Intelligent Traffic Management System

Cities Focusing: Bhubaneshwar, Pune, Jaipur, Surat, Ahmedabad, Davangere, Indore, Coimbatore, Kakinada, Belagavi, Udaipur, Guwahati, Chennai, Bhopal, Dharamsala, Chandigarh, Faridabad, Lucknow, Bhaglapur, Ranchi, New Town Kolkata, Agartala, Raipur, Panaji, Port Blair Top priority of Smart Cities

Urban Mobility Water Management Waste Management E-Governance

Smart Meters

Smart Water

Flood Management/Warning System

Grey Water Recycling

Integrated Water Management Initiatives

SCADA System

Cities Focusing: Pune, Kochi, Solapur, NDMC, Belagavi, Udaipur, Chennai, Vishakapatnam Top priority of Smart Cities

Urban Mobility Water Management Waste Management E-Governance

Waste Recycling Plants

Geo tagged Bins

GPRS fitted collection vehicles

Scientifically engineered dispose sites

Waste To energy equipment

Source segregation

Cities Focusing: Jaipur, Jabalpur, Solapur, Kakinada, Dharamsala, Bhaglapur, Imphal, Panaji Top priority of Smart Cities

Urban Mobility Water Management Waste Management E-Governance

Public Grievance

Land Records

Safety and Security

Public Information

Utility Payments

Taxes, Custom Duty, Exercise Duty

Citizen Engagement

Cities Focusing: Jaipur, Jabalpur, Solapur, Kakinada, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Imphal, Port Blair, Raipur Vision Statement

Chennai - A city for everyone

An universal cultural hub for safe and sustainable living with enhanced mobility, smart urban infrastructure and become more resilient to the physical, social, and economic challenges. Citizen Engagement Process

DISCUSS SUMMARISE ANALYZE Series of Consultation. Narrow down suggestions Finalize the feasible Collection of feedback most preferred suggestion

Public Consultation Pan City Solution + 15 Zonal Consultation • Traffic Management + • Non Motorized Transport Stakeholder Consultation • Solid Waste Reduction Pan City Solution + • LED street lighting ICT for Non-Motorized Mygov • Multi Modal Integration Transport + • BRTS Water Management – Suggestion via email • Transit Oriented Development Flood Monitoring System + • Parking Management & Smart Water Social Media Outreach • Storm Water Management Area Based Development + Area Based Development Written Suggestions from T Nagar • George Town 15 Zonal Offices • + • T Nagar Mass SMS • Consultation Program Outcome Citizen Outreach Total = 9,67,850 Offline Engagement Online Engagement • Polling Booths at zonal offices • Mygov • Suggestion boxes at zonal offices Online • Corporation Website • Direct consultation program 33% • Facebook • Radio program • Twitter • Consultation at each zonal office • Linkedin • Mass SMS Offline • Youtube • Print Media 67% • Mass E-Mail

T Nagar Sholinganallur George Town Mylapore T Nagar Sholinganallur George Town Mylapore 67% 24% 6% 3% 55% 29% 9% 7% (43,550) (15,600) (3,900) (1,950) (1,527) (866) (264) (225) Areas for Development – Voted by Citizens (OFFLINE) Areas for Development – Voted by Citizens (ONLINE) Water Management (Flood monitoring and Smart Water) became the need for the day

NMT LED Street Lighting Parking Management Solid Waste Management Online – 49% Online – 12% Online – 15% Online – 8% Offline – 52% Offline – 10% Offline – 6% Offline – 15% Senior Citizen Children Women Men & Youth PAN City Solution – Voted by Citizens (Online & Offline) 8% 4% 11% 77% Other solution has very minimal preference Profile of Citizens Engaged Media Coverage - OVER 72+ ARTICLE PAN City proposal

Key Issues Identified Proposals • Pedestrian safety • Unorganized parking ICT in NMT • Last mile connectivity • Cycle sharing, • Pollution • Parking management, • Quality infrastructure for • LED street lighting monitoring pedestrians & automatic On/Off • Enforcement issues • City Surveillance • Traffic Management • Intelligent Traffic • Energy Efficient Lighting Management • City surveillance

• ICT for Flood & Tsunami • Disaster Management for monitoring and warning Flooding system • Water Management • Smart Water – Digital Services for Citizen Services T Nagar | Area Based Development | Land Use Change A History of Change

Land Uses show it has been planned according to the design principles prevalent in the first half of the last century

Transformed from a residential neighbourhood into a mixed use Increased Pedestrian Traffic Pedestrian count during festival Total Count 4,11,442 weekend vary from 4 lakhs to 10 lakhs No.s Time 93,004 7 pm-8 pm Usman Road Peak Count (New Sarvana Store) 86,222 8 pm-9 pm TC – 32305 81,182 6 pm-7 pm PC - 6861 PT - 4 pm -6 pm Usman Road s (Nalli Silk) Ratna Store (Nalli Silk, Pothys) TC – 9359 s s TC – 20328 TC – 70417 PC - 2245 s PC - 5849 PC – 18947 PT - 5 pm -6 pm PT - 5 pm -7 pm PT - 5 pm -6 pm (Anbhalzagan Fruit Shop) s TC – 90026 PC - 19742 Railway s Station PT - 5 pm -6 pm TC – 116955 Usman Road PC - 30551 (MLA Office) Note: TC-Total Count PT - 7 pm - 8 pm s TC – 40740 PC –Peak Count PC - 18988 PT – Peak Time PT - 6 pm -7 pm Survey taken on a typical weekend Congestion Due to Through Traffic Unnecessary through traffic movement from neighbouring areas

Major through trip movement is in

E- W direction 120938 PCUs N-S direction 93825 PCUs

50000* PCUs

50000* PCUs Conflict of Traffic Movements Conflict points of traffic at various locations

Major traffic is along the radial routes concentrating towards the intersections, Subways and Flyovers

Conflict between retail traffic and transit traffic

E-W TRAFFIC Through Trips N-S TRAFFIC COMBINATION Conflict points of OF TRAFFIC Traffic EXTERNAL TRAFFIC Narrow Subways V/C ratio observed during peak hour is very high in subways DURAISAMY ROAD SUBWAY No scope for expansion V/C =3.5

Subways FLOOD during rains!!

MEDLEY ROAD SUBWAY V/C =3.5

ARANGANATHAN SUBWAY V/C =2.5 Less Pedestrian Space Lack of pedestrianised public space to accommodate the number of shoppers Hawkers Encroachment Hawkers along the pedestrian pathway

Occupy road space leading to congestion Pedestrian -Vehicles Conflict Lack of Public Transport The no of bus arrivals is 127 buses/hr during the peak hour

594 bus services have their origination and destination point here

The Mambalam station and station are two major Sub Urban Rail transit stations Vision What to Treasure Development Options

Pedestrianisation Traffic calming Multi-level crossings Redevelopment Proposals

1. Pedestrianisation 2. Skywalk 3. Use of Open Spaces 4. Hawker Zones 5. Traffic Planning 6. MLCPs 7. Flyovers 8. Additional Bus Terminus 9. Public Conveniences 10. Storm Water Drain System Pedestrianisation

Proposed Street Section Theyagaraya Road (eastern part, with no traffic calming or pedestrianization) - D - D Pedestrianisation – Existing Situation Pedestrianisation – Proposed with hawker stalls Pedestrian Circulation Space Pedestrian circulation Space Existing – 8,000 sqmts Proposal – 28,000 sqmts

Major Public Parks

1. Dr Natesan Park 2. Jeeva Park 3. Somasundaram Park 4. Panagal Park

Traffic Calming Space

Pedestrian Space

5. Pangal Park 6. Thiagaraya Road 7. South Usman Road 8. Ranganathan Street 9. Around Bus Station 10. Near Mambalam Station Cycle Sharing System

Major Components of cycle sharing system . Cycle parking docks / cycle stations . Access cards to check-in and check-out . Payment methods . Redistribution vans . Integrated app

Revenue: User fees, advertisements, retails at stations, revenues from branding rights On Street Parking Management System

Major Components of on-street parking management system . Integrated parking app with payment links and pre book options . Sensors . Command control centres . CCTV Surveillance . Monitoring agency . No parking zones . Smart Multilevel Parking . Sensor Technology . Automatic Ticketing System . Smart Lighting System . Smart Lifts Revenue: Parking fees, advertisements, vehicle towing, fine Intelligent Traffic Management System Non Vehicle Streets/Zones

. Making Core Market Area non-vehicle Zone / Time Bound Non Vehicle Zone . Smart Parking Solutions for shop Keepers and Residents . Identification of Multi Level / Basement Parking Locations . Park and Ride Scheme . Park the vehicle on the way and to make the remaining travel by public transport/ NMV . Smart Parking . Cheaper parking spaces compared to the ones in the city centre Multi Modal Integration

. MMI ensures Convenience, Easy Access, Comfort, Frequent Service, Rapid journey, Safety & Security, Customer Service, Affordability, Network . Clear signage, disabled friendly . Better interchanges . Public amenities . Integrated Information & Timetable . Integrated Fares & Ticketing - Includes all public transport modes with different operators

Revenue: Advertisements, Ticketing

Dedicated Hawkers Zone PROPOSED HAWKER ZONES (45 sqft each)

South and North of Panagal Park / Thyagaraya Road – 320 street vendors

South Usman Road (Under Flyover) – 600 street vendors

Farmers Market Mambalam Station / Madley Road – 260 fruit and vegetable vendors

Solutions? Smart city initiatives will open up innumerable smart opportunities for the various stakeholders

. Impact of Globalization and Technology is huge - on cities . While cities benefit, it also creates equal amount of informal activities / sector . Less interest from private players in implementation of housing for informal sector . How impact of globalization and technology can be brought into the academic curriculum of Architecture and Planning? Thank You