DOCSLIB.ORG

Diptera: Chironomidae) ⇑ M.N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diptera: Chironomidae) ⇑ M.N Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 (2011) 458–468 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Systematics and biogeography of the Gondwanan Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) ⇑ M.N. Krosch a, , A.M. Baker a, P.B. Mather a, P.S. Cranston b a Biogeosciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St., Brisbane 4001, Australia b Department of Entomology, University of California, 1 Shields Av., Davis 95616-8584, USA article info abstract Article history: Restrictions to effective dispersal and gene flow caused by the fragmentation of ancient supercontinents Received 26 October 2010 are considered to have driven diversification and speciation on disjunct landmasses globally. Investigat- Revised 31 January 2011 ing the role that these processes have played in the development of diversity within and among taxa is Accepted 3 March 2011 crucial to understanding the origins and evolution of regional biotas. Within the chironomid (non-biting Available online 12 March 2011 midge) subfamily Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae), a group of genera that are distributed across the austral continents (Australia, New Zealand, South America) have been proposed to represent a relict Keywords: Gondwanan clade. We used a molecular approach to resolve relationships among taxa with the aim to Continental drift determine the relative roles that vicariance and dispersal may have played in the evolution of this group. Dispersal Vicariance Continental biotas did not form monophyletic groups, in accordance with expectations given existing Lars Brundin morphological evidence. Patterns of phylogenetic relationships among taxa did not accord with expected Austral patterns based on the geological sequence of break-up of the Gondwanan supercontinent. Likewise, West Wind Drift divergence time estimates, particularly for New Zealand taxa, largely post-dated continental fragmenta- tion and implied instead that several transoceanic dispersal events may have occurred post-vicariance. Passive dispersal of gravid female chironomid adults is the most likely mechanism for transoceanic movement, potentially facilitated by West Wind Drift or anti-cyclone fronts. Estimated timings of diver- gence among Australian and South American Botryocladius, on the other hand, were congruent with the proposed ages of separation of the two continents from Antarctica. Taken together, these data suggest that a complex relationship between both vicariance and dispersal may explain the evolution of this group. The sampling regime we implemented here was the most intensive yet performed for austral members of the Orthocladiinae and unsurprisingly revealed several novel taxa that will require formal description. Ó 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction proposed sequence of continental break-up, whereas others imply that alternative mechanisms may have influenced modern distri- Since the time of the early biogeographers, atypical distribution bution patterns (see Sanmartin and Ronquist, 2004). patterns have been recorded among members of the southern The supercontinent Gondwana, which rifted from its northern hemisphere fauna and flora, whereby close morphological similar- sister Laurasia during the break-up of Pangaea 215 mya, com- ities were recognised among taxa on different southern continents prised all current austral continents and minor landmasses: South (Hooker, 1844, 1855, 1860; Darwin, 1859; Wallace, 1876). The America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, Zealandia (formerly Tasman- development of continental drift theory and a general consensus tis – New Zealand–New Caledonia), proto-New Guinea, India and of the order of Gondwanan continental fragmentation (Scotese Madagascar (Dietz and Holden, 1970; Scotese et al., 1988; et al., 1988; McLoughlin, 2001) provides a framework against McLoughlin, 2001). Gondwana – proposed by some to have been which patterns of relationships among disjunct austral taxa can of Precambrian origin (Scotese et al., 1999) – apparently persisted be tested. Studies of disjunct austral taxa have revealed a variety as a single entity for approximately another 50 million years after of phylogenetic patterns, many of which appear to follow the rifting from Pangaea (Cracraft, 1974; Sanmartin and Ronquist, 2004) before fragmentation was initiated around 165 mya (Scotese et al., 1988). The continental block that consisted of South America, ⇑ Corresponding author. Fax: +61 7 3138 1535. Australia, Zealandia (New Zealand–New Caledonia) and Antarctica E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M.N. Krosch), [email protected] remained relatively connected until around 80 mya when the (A.M. Baker), [email protected] (P.B. Mather), [email protected] smaller Zealandia block split from western Antarctica and drifted (P.S. Cranston). 1055-7903/$ - see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.003 M.N. Krosch et al. / Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 (2011) 458–468 459 northeast, a process that opened up the Tasman Sea (Sanmartin have revealed the presence of similar disjunct clades of potential and Ronquist, 2004). This block is thought to have been submerged Gondwanan origin. Several described genera are now considered periodically throughout the Tertiary period, before finally splitting to belong to one of these groups, including Australian Echinocladius around 40 mya (but see Ladiges and Cantrill, 2007). Australia be- (Cranston, 2000b), New Zealand Naonella (Boothroyd, 1994), Paul- gan to separate from the eastern side of Antarctica during the late freemania (Cranston and Krosch, 2011) and Tonnoirocladius (Cran- Cretaceous (90 mya), with full separation and the opening of the ston, 2007), South American Ferringtonia (Sæther and Andersen, Southern Ocean occurring around 35 mya (Veevers et al., 1991). 2010) and Barbadocladius (Cranston and Krosch, in press), Limnoph- The final stage of Gondwanan fragmentation involved the rifting yes (known from South America and now New Zealand – Sæther, of South America from Antarctica approximately 30 mya (Barker 1990a,b), Anzacladius (from Australia and New Zealand – Cranston, and Burrell, 1977; Lawver and Gahagan, 2003), thereby opening 2009), Botryocladius (from Australia and South America – Cranston the Drake Passage and initiating the Circumpolar Antarctic Current and Edward, 1999) and Pirara (known from Australia, New Zealand and associated West Wind Drift effects (Cook and Crisp, 2005b). and South America – Boothroyd and Cranston, 1995). These dis- Based on this reconstruction of continental evolution, the expected junct austral taxa generally inhabit similar environments – i.e., phylogenetic pattern for austral taxa according to a simple vicari- cool, pristine, often upland to montane streams – to the taxa inves- ance history is thus that African taxa form a sister group to New tigated by Brundin (1966) and thus may represent a relict Gondwa- Zealand, southern South American and Australian taxa, with New nan clade within the Orthocladiinae. Beyond these preliminary Zealand taxa then sister to southern South American and Austra- suggestions, attempts to describe phylogenetic relationships lian taxa. among these proposed Gondwanan genera have been limited to Phylogenetic relationships that show close concordance with postulations of similarity contained within species descriptions the proposed geological sequence for the break-up of Gondwana and morphology-based phylogenetic reconstructions based on can provide clear evidence for vicariance as the major mechanism only a subset of taxa (Cranston and Edward, 1999; Cranston, that has driven disjunct distributions. A broad range of invertebrate 2000b, 2007; Sæther and Andersen, 2010). taxa with varying dispersal capabilities exhibit phylogenies consis- Accurate resolution of the phylogenetic relationships among tent with this pattern (e.g., Thayer, 1985; Shaw, 1990; Henderson, proposed Gondwanan orthoclads is thus important as a compari- 1991; Hunt and Cokendolpher, 1991; Parsons, 1996; Gauld and son not only to morphology-based ideas of the evolutionary affin- Wahl, 2000; Sequeira and Farrell, 2001), including several groups ities of the Gondwanan orthoclad genera, but to the work of within the Diptera (e.g., Munroe, 1974; Yeates and Irwin, 1996; Brundin and the wider literature concerning the historical effects Cranston and Edward, 1999). Incongruence between taxon phylog- of the fragmentation of Gondwana on austral taxa. Thus, we aim enies and the geological sequence of continental fragmentation, on here to resolve phylogenetic relationships among proposed the other hand, historically has led to speculation that long-dis- Gondwanan orthoclad taxa using molecular data and to infer their tance transoceanic dispersal post-vicariance may explain current biogeographical history with regard to the break-up of the super- distributions and taxonomic relationships. In particular, many continent. Given patterns revealed by Brundin for other austral plant taxa on the southern continents exhibit relationships and/or chironomid groups, we expected that evolutionary relationships divergence times that do not correspond with continental break- among the proposed Gondwanan orthoclads would follow the geo- up; for example, taxa in New Zealand and Australia that share a logical sequence of continental fragmentation, reflecting diversifi- most recent common ancestor to the exclusion of other austral cation largely driven by vicariance.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taxonomic Review of the Chironomid Genus Cricotopus V.D. Wulp
    Zootaxa 3919 (1): 001–040 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:218630EE-6BF7-4E35-A8F6-9E8260D60FA0 Taxonomic review of the chironomid genus Cricotopus v.d. Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Australia: keys to males, females, pupae and larvae, description of ten new species and comments on Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu NICK DRAYSON1, PETER S. CRANSTON2,4 & MATT N. KROSCH3 17 Park Walk, Brigstock, Northants NN14 3HH, UK 2Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia 3Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland., Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia 4Corresponding author Drayson: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:B568A060-A52A-4440-8CC1-D81506B3902A Cranston: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C068AC61-DF1D-432A-9AB7-52B5D85C6C79 Krosch: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C7DD7291-27F0-4216-80B2-90BD9F0CDFAB Table of contents Abstract . 1 Introduction . 2 Methods and material . 3 Cricotopus acornis Drayson & Cranston, sp.n. 5 Cricotopus albitarsis Hergstrom sp. n. 6 Cricotopus annuliventris (Skuse) . 8 Cricotopus brevicornis Drayson & Cranston sp.n. 10 Cricotopus conicornis Drayson & Cranston sp.n.. 11 Cricotopus hillmani Drayson & Cranston, sp. n . 13 Cricotopus howensis Cranston sp.n. 15 Cricotopus parbicinctus Hergstrom sp.n. 16 Cricotopus tasmania Drayson & Cranston sp. n. 18 Cricotopus varicornis Drayson & Cranston sp. n. 20 Cricotopus wangi Cranston & Krosch sp. n.. 21 Key to adult males of Australian Cricotopus . 22 Key to adult females of Australian Cricotopus .
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Roaches Further Exemplify 'No Land Return' in Aquatic Insects
    Gondwana Research 68 (2019) 22–33 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Gondwana Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gr Ancient roaches further exemplify ‘no land return’ in aquatic insects Peter Vršanský a,b,c,d,1, Hemen Sendi e,⁎,1, Danil Aristov d,f,1, Günter Bechly g,PatrickMüllerh, Sieghard Ellenberger i, Dany Azar j,k, Kyoichiro Ueda l, Peter Barna c,ThierryGarciam a Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia b Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Research Center for Quantum Information, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia c Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, P.O. BOX 106, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia d Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, 117868 Moscow, Russia e Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia f Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets 162600, Russia g Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany h Friedhofstraße 9, 66894 Käshofen, Germany i Bodelschwinghstraße 13, 34119 Kassel, Germany j State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China k Lebanese University, Faculty of Science II, Fanar, Natural Sciences Department, PO Box 26110217, Fanar - Matn, Lebanon l Kitakyushu Museum, Japan m River Bigal Conservation Project, Avenida Rafael Andrade y clotario Vargas, 220450 Loreto, Orellana, Ecuador article info abstract Article history: Among insects, 236 families in 18 of 44 orders independently invaded water. We report living amphibiotic cock- Received 13 July 2018 roaches from tropical streams of UNESCO BR Sumaco, Ecuador.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects in Cretaceous and Cenozoic Amber of Eurasia and North America
    Insects in Cretaceous and Cenozoic Amber of Eurasia and North America Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. Bogdana Khmel’nitskogo 15, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine email: [email protected] Edited by E. E. Perkovsky ISSN 00310301, Paleontological Journal, 2016, Vol. 50, No. 9, p. 935. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2016. Preface DOI: 10.1134/S0031030116090100 The amber is wellknown as a source of the most Eocene ambers. However, based on paleobotanical valuable, otherwise inaccessible information on the data, confirmed by new paleoentomological data, it is biota and conditions in the past. The interest in study dated Middle Eocene. Detailed discussions of dating ing Mesozoic and Paleogene ambers has recently and relationships of Sakhalinian ants is provided in the sharply increased throughout the world. The studies first paper of the present volume, in which the earliest included in this volume concern Coleoptera, ant of the subfamily Myrmicinae is described from Hymenoptera, and Diptera from the Cretaceous, the Sakhalinian amber and assigned to an extant Eocene, and Miocene amber of the Taimyr Peninsula, genus. The earliest pedogenetic gall midge of the Sakhalin Island, Baltic Region, Ukraine, and Mexico. tribe Heteropezini from the Sakhalinian amber is Yantardakh is the most important Upper Creta also described here. ceous insect locality in northern Asia, which was dis The Late Eocene Baltic amber is investigated better covered by an expedition of the Paleontological Insti than any other; nevertheless, more than half of its tute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR fauna remains undescribed; the contemporaneous (at present, Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Rus fauna from the Rovno amber is investigated to a con sian Academy of Sciences: PIN) in 1970 and addition siderably lesser degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Orthocladiinae 7.1
    ORTHOCLADIINAE 7.1 SUBFAMILY ORTHOCLADIINAE 7 DIAGNOSIS: Antennae with 3-7 segments; may be strongly reduced or may be longer than head capsule. Labrum with S I variable (simple, bifid, branched, serrated, palmate or plumose); S II usually simple but may be bifid, branched, palmate or plumose; S III simple (rarely bifid); S IV normal. Labral lamellae present or absent. Mentum usually well sclerotized, with several to more than 25 teeth; ventro- mental plates absent/vestigial to very large, without striae (occasionally with ridges in Nanocladius); beard present or absent. Prementum variably developed but never with dense well developed median brush of setae. Body with anterior parapods (sometimes reduced and/or fused); with posterior parapods well developed, separate or fused, or parapods reduced or absent. Setal fringe, setal tufts or long setae sometimes present. Anal tubules normally present, may be reduced or absent/vestigial. NOTES: One of the most diverse of the chironomid subfamilies; orthoclad larvae are found in an amaz- ing variety of habitats, running the gamut from terrestrial (corn fields, dung, greenhouses, leaf litter in hardwood forests) to seeps, springs, streams, rivers, ponds and lakes in freshwater, and coastal estuarine and littoral marine areas. Most larvae are scrapers, shredders or collectors-gatherers; some taxa are preda- tors, some are parasites. Key to the genera of larval Orthocladiinae of the southeastern United States (larvae are unknown for Apometriocnemus, Chasmatonotus, Diplosmittia, Lipurometriocnemus, Plhudsonia, Saetheriella, Sublettiella and Tavastia) 1 Length of antennae at least 1/2 length of head capsule ............................................................ 2 1’ Length of antennae less than 1/2 length of head capsule ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Data Quality, Performance, and Uncertainty in Taxonomic Identification for Biological Assessments
    J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 2008, 27(4):906–919 Ó 2008 by The North American Benthological Society DOI: 10.1899/07-175.1 Published online: 28 October 2008 Data quality, performance, and uncertainty in taxonomic identification for biological assessments 1 2 James B. Stribling AND Kristen L. Pavlik Tetra Tech, Inc., 400 Red Brook Blvd., Suite 200, Owings Mills, Maryland 21117-5159 USA Susan M. Holdsworth3 Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Mail Code 4503T, Washington, DC 20460 USA Erik W. Leppo4 Tetra Tech, Inc., 400 Red Brook Blvd., Suite 200, Owings Mills, Maryland 21117-5159 USA Abstract. Taxonomic identifications are central to biological assessment; thus, documenting and reporting uncertainty associated with identifications is critical. The presumption that comparable results would be obtained, regardless of which or how many taxonomists were used to identify samples, lies at the core of any assessment. As part of a national survey of streams, 741 benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected throughout the eastern USA, subsampled in laboratories to ;500 organisms/sample, and sent to taxonomists for identification and enumeration. Primary identifications were done by 25 taxonomists in 8 laboratories. For each laboratory, ;10% of the samples were randomly selected for quality control (QC) reidentification and sent to an independent taxonomist in a separate laboratory (total n ¼ 74), and the 2 sets of results were compared directly. The results of the sample-based comparisons were summarized as % taxonomic disagreement (PTD) and % difference in enumeration (PDE). Across the set of QC samples, mean values of PTD and PDE were ;21 and 2.6%, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects Commonly Mistaken for Mosquitoes
    Mosquito Proboscis (Figure 1) THE MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE ABOUT CONTRA COSTA INSECTS Mosquitoes have four distinct developmental stages: MOSQUITO & VECTOR egg, larva, pupa and adult. The average time a mosquito takes to go from egg to adult is five to CONTROL DISTRICT COMMONLY Photo by Sean McCann by Photo seven days. Mosquitoes require water to complete Protecting Public Health Since 1927 their life cycle. Prevent mosquitoes from breeding by Early in the 1900s, Northern California suffered MISTAKEN FOR eliminating or managing standing water. through epidemics of encephalitis and malaria, and severe outbreaks of saltwater mosquitoes. At times, MOSQUITOES EGG RAFT parts of Contra Costa County were considered Most mosquitoes lay egg rafts uninhabitable resulting in the closure of waterfront that float on the water. Each areas and schools during peak mosquito seasons. raft contains up to 200 eggs. Recreational areas were abandoned and Realtors had trouble selling homes. The general economy Within a few days the eggs suffered. As a result, residents established the Contra hatch into larvae. Mosquito Costa Mosquito Abatement District which began egg rafts are the size of a grain service in 1927. of rice. Today, the Contra Costa Mosquito and Vector LARVA Control District continues to protect public health The larva or ÒwigglerÓ comes with environmentally sound techniques, reliable and to the surface to breathe efficient services, as well as programs to combat Contra Costa County is home to 23 species of through a tube called a emerging diseases, all while preserving and/or mosquitoes. There are also several types of insects siphon and feeds on bacteria enhancing the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;Download
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Spixiana, Zeitschrift für Zoologie Jahr/Year: 2000 Band/Volume: 023 Autor(en)/Author(s): Ashe Patrick, O'Connor James P., Murray Declan A. Artikel/Article: Larvae of Eurycnemus crassipes (Panzer) (Diptera: Chrionomidae) ectoparasitic on prepupae/pupae of Hydropsyche siltalai Döhler (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), with a summary of know chironomid/trichopteran associations 267-274 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;download: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at SPIXIANA ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;download: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at Methods and material A shallow riffle site on the River Flesk, S. W. Ireland, was chosen for the investigation, and from the ecological data available on the immature stages of Eurycnemus (Murray & Ashe 1981) it was assumed for the purposes of the search that E. crassipes is ectoparasitic on Hydropsyche prepupae/pupae. By driving long, upright branches into the Substrate, the riffle area was divided into three rectangular, box- like sections each about 1 m wide and 10 m long, the total area studied being about 30 Square metres. Work began on the downstream end of each box and every stone likely to support Hydropsyche pupal cases was examined. Any such cases found were removed, opened and discarded if nothing was found. Suspect cases were placed in a tray of river water for further examination, and those which contained or were suspected of containing larvae or pupae of E. crassipes were preserved in 75 % alcohol. Material found: Ireland, Co. Kerry, River Flesk (Grid reference: V964893), 8.VI11.1994, leg.
    [Show full text]
  • Essays on Invertebrate Conservation
    WINGS ESSAYS ON INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION THE XERCES SOCIETY SPRING 2015 CONTENTS Roads are ubiquitous in the modern landscape. This issue of Wings examines some of the consequences they carry for insects and other invertebrates. Advocacy and Collaboration On Behalf of Invertebrate Conservation Scott Hoffman Black Page 3. Pollinator Conservation at Sixty Miles an Hour Jennifer Hopwood and Matthew Shepherd More than seventeen million acres of roadsides stretch across U.S. landscapes. Man- aged with care, these can provide habitat for invertebrates and other wildlife. Page 5. Blue Highways, Green Rockworms, Golden Stoneflies Celeste Searles Mazzacano Rainfall and snowmelt flowing off roads into rivers and streams can have negative impacts on aquatic invertebrates, but with care those can be mitigated. Page 10. The Butterfly and the Road Grader Scott Hoffman Black Maintenance on rural roads in Yamhill County, Oregon, has been changed to accom- modate the needs of an endangered butterfly and its caterpillar host plant. Page 16. Conservation Spotlight The Greater Atlanta Pollinator Partnership is becoming a model project for collabo- ration to address the needs of pollinators in urbanized landscapes. Page 22. Invertebrate Notes A roundup of new books and recent research. Page 24. Staff Profile Meet Jennifer Hopwood, Midwest senior pollinator conservation specialist. Page 26. Xerces News Updates on Xerces Society projects and successes. Page 27. 2 WINGS Advocacy and Collaboration On Behalf of Invertebrate Conservation Scott Hoffman Black The Xerces Society has always held an gressive or overtly political or tied to a interesting position at the intersection narrow mantra and consequently, are of advocacy and collaboration.
    [Show full text]
  • Midge (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE and CERATOPOGONIDAE) Community Response to Canal Discharge Into Everglades National Park, Florida
    2008 Proceedings of the 16th International Chironomid Symposium 39 MIDGE (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE AND CERATOPOGONIDAE) COMMUNITY RESPONSE to CANAL DISCHARGE Into EVERGLADES NatIONAL PARK, FLORIDA By RICHA R D E. JACOBS E N 1 With 3 figures and 2 tables ABSTRACT: Quantitative samples of chironomid and ceratopogonid midge pupal exuviae were collected along 4 nutrient gradients in Everglades National Park (ENP in order to determine midge community response to nutrient enrichment and identify possible indicators of water quality. Community abundance, species richness, and Shannon-Wiener diversity showed no consistent relationship with nutrient gradients. Eight species were significantly sensitive to sources of enrichment; 7 of these species were also sensitive to nutrient enrichment in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A) studied in 2001. Seven species were significantly tolerant to, and more abundant with enrichment, but none of these species were significantly tolerant to enrichment in WCA-2A. This discrepancy in tolerant species probably reflects differences in species responses to low gradients in ENP versus the much steeper gradient in WCA-2A. RESUMO: Com o objectivo de determinar a resposta das comunidades de mosquitos ao enriquecimento de nutrientes e identificar eventuais indicadores de qualidade da água, foram colhidas amostras quantitativas de exúvias de pupas de quironomídeos e ceratopogonídeos ao longo de 4 gradientes de nutrientes provenientes de efluentes de canais, no Parque Nacional de Everglades (PNE). A abundância da comunidade, riqueza específica e o índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener, não revelaram uma relação consistente com a proximidade relativa aos efluentes dos canais. Oito espécies demonstraram ser significativamente mais sensíveis aos efluentes dos canais; Destas, 7 foram igualmente sensíveis ao enriquecimento de nutrientes na Área de Conservação da Água 2A (ACA-2A) estudada em 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Aquatic Insects in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, with New Records
    Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 102-112 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1512-56 Spatial and temporal distribution of aquatic insects in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, with new records Fatma ÇETİNKAYA, Aysel BEKLEYEN* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey Received: 21.12.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 01.06.2016 Final Version: 25.01.2017 Abstract: We investigated insects of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin in terms of their composition and spatiotemporal distribution. Larvae, pupae, pupal exuviae, and nymphs of insects were obtained from samples collected by a plankton net monthly during a 1-year period in 2008 and 2009 at seven different sites of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin. A total of 35 taxa from the orders Trichoptera (1 taxon), Ephemeroptera (3 taxa), and Diptera (31 taxa) were identified. Chironomidae (Diptera) was the most diverse group and was represented by three major subfamilies, namely Tanypodinae (2 taxa), Orthocladiinae (19 taxa), and Chironominae (7 taxa). Among these species, Nanocladius (Nanocladius) spiniplenus Saether, 1977 is a new record for Turkey as well as for western Asia. In addition, the Psychomyia larvae found for the first time in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin (Turkey) were described. Both taxa have been illustrated to warrant validation. Taxa number varied spatially from 6 to 14 and temporally from 2 to 12 during the sampling period. Along the river, Cricotopus bicinctus and Orthocladius (S.) holsatus were the most common taxa. Key words: Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Insecta, Dicle (Tigris) River 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Ohio EPA Macroinvertebrate Taxonomic Level December 2019 1 Table 1. Current Taxonomic Keys and the Level of Taxonomy Routinely U
    Ohio EPA Macroinvertebrate Taxonomic Level December 2019 Table 1. Current taxonomic keys and the level of taxonomy routinely used by the Ohio EPA in streams and rivers for various macroinvertebrate taxonomic classifications. Genera that are reasonably considered to be monotypic in Ohio are also listed. Taxon Subtaxon Taxonomic Level Taxonomic Key(ies) Species Pennak 1989, Thorp & Rogers 2016 Porifera If no gemmules are present identify to family (Spongillidae). Genus Thorp & Rogers 2016 Cnidaria monotypic genera: Cordylophora caspia and Craspedacusta sowerbii Platyhelminthes Class (Turbellaria) Thorp & Rogers 2016 Nemertea Phylum (Nemertea) Thorp & Rogers 2016 Phylum (Nematomorpha) Thorp & Rogers 2016 Nematomorpha Paragordius varius monotypic genus Thorp & Rogers 2016 Genus Thorp & Rogers 2016 Ectoprocta monotypic genera: Cristatella mucedo, Hyalinella punctata, Lophopodella carteri, Paludicella articulata, Pectinatella magnifica, Pottsiella erecta Entoprocta Urnatella gracilis monotypic genus Thorp & Rogers 2016 Polychaeta Class (Polychaeta) Thorp & Rogers 2016 Annelida Oligochaeta Subclass (Oligochaeta) Thorp & Rogers 2016 Hirudinida Species Klemm 1982, Klemm et al. 2015 Anostraca Species Thorp & Rogers 2016 Species (Lynceus Laevicaudata Thorp & Rogers 2016 brachyurus) Spinicaudata Genus Thorp & Rogers 2016 Williams 1972, Thorp & Rogers Isopoda Genus 2016 Holsinger 1972, Thorp & Rogers Amphipoda Genus 2016 Gammaridae: Gammarus Species Holsinger 1972 Crustacea monotypic genera: Apocorophium lacustre, Echinogammarus ischnus, Synurella dentata Species (Taphromysis Mysida Thorp & Rogers 2016 louisianae) Crocker & Barr 1968; Jezerinac 1993, 1995; Jezerinac & Thoma 1984; Taylor 2000; Thoma et al. Cambaridae Species 2005; Thoma & Stocker 2009; Crandall & De Grave 2017; Glon et al. 2018 Species (Palaemon Pennak 1989, Palaemonidae kadiakensis) Thorp & Rogers 2016 1 Ohio EPA Macroinvertebrate Taxonomic Level December 2019 Taxon Subtaxon Taxonomic Level Taxonomic Key(ies) Informal grouping of the Arachnida Hydrachnidia Smith 2001 water mites Genus Morse et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Family Chironomidae (Diptera) of Finland
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 441: 63–90 (2014)Checklist of the family Chironomidae (Diptera) of Finland 63 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.441.7461 CHECKLIST www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Checklist of the family Chironomidae (Diptera) of Finland Lauri Paasivirta1 1 Ruuhikoskenkatu 17 B 5, FI-24240 Salo, Finland Corresponding author: Lauri Paasivirta ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Kahanpää | Received 10 March 2014 | Accepted 26 August 2014 | Published 19 September 2014 http://zoobank.org/F3343ED1-AE2C-43B4-9BA1-029B5EC32763 Citation: Paasivirta L (2014) Checklist of the family Chironomidae (Diptera) of Finland. In: Kahanpää J, Salmela J (Eds) Checklist of the Diptera of Finland. ZooKeys 441: 63–90. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.441.7461 Abstract A checklist of the family Chironomidae (Diptera) recorded from Finland is presented. Keywords Finland, Chironomidae, species list, biodiversity, faunistics Introduction There are supposedly at least 15 000 species of chironomid midges in the world (Armitage et al. 1995, but see Pape et al. 2011) making it the largest family among the aquatic insects. The European chironomid fauna consists of 1262 species (Sæther and Spies 2013). In Finland, 780 species can be found, of which 37 are still undescribed (Paasivirta 2012). The species checklist written by B. Lindeberg on 23.10.1979 (Hackman 1980) included 409 chironomid species. Twenty of those species have been removed from the checklist due to various reasons. The total number of species increased in the 1980s to 570, mainly due to the identification work by me and J. Tuiskunen (Bergman and Jansson 1983, Tuiskunen and Lindeberg 1986).
    [Show full text]