View of Circumstances Attending, III, 138

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INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS

Aalenian, Yorkshire, XXII, 265. Acrespire, concretion, IX, 149. Adel, flint implements from, near Leeds, V, 24. Adwalton Stone Coal, notes on occurrence, XIV, 253. Agriculture, geologically considered, West Riding; (1) New Redstone district, I, 46; (2) Magnesian Limestone, I, 91. —, lime, uses of, II, 254. -, peat, application of, III, 339. Agricultural geology, Yorkshire Wolds and Oolites of North and South Cave neighbourhood, I, 207. Aire, sources of, VII, 177; XIV, 1. —— Valley deposit, association of works of Man with remains of extinct animals, III, 482. Airedale, Upper, Carboniferous physical history, XI, 482. Alaska, Muir Glacier, notes on, IX, 57. Aldborough, Romano-British mosaic pavement, representing Romulus and Remus, IV, 593. Allerston Moor, small pits, origin of lines of, XIII, 150. Alluvial deposits, Woodlesford and Rothwell Haigh, XIX, 255. Lands, Lincolnshire, III, 637. — strata, Lower Ouse Valley, VI, 214. Almondbury, claim to site of Cambodunum, IV, 182. Alport boring, Lower Carboniferous, XXV, 254. Alport Dale, Namurian, XXV, 142. Alston Block, Tertiary uplift and resultant drainage, XXI, 161. Moor, mining district, isometrical projection of, I, 25. , stratigraphy, to Botany and Tanhill, XXIII, 236. Ammonites, Scarborough Limestone, XVII, 205. , Speeton, XVI, 101. Ammonoides, Carboniferous, new to English rocks, XIX, 359. Analysis, concretion, Hydraulic Limestone, from Yorkshire Coast, IX, 55. , Millstone Grits, Yeadon, XXIII, 144. —-—•, spar, Mother Shipton's Cave, Knaresborough, XIII, 284. -, water, Dropping Well, Knaresborough, XIII, 135. , Ilkley Spa, XIX, 14. , •, saline chalybeate, Kissengen, VIII, 366. , , Malham, XIV, 45. —, , steam engines, for, II, 372. Angram, Nidderdale, Carboniferous trilobite from, XVI, 84. Animals, bones of, in Duggleby Howe tumulus, XII, 241. -, distinctive characters of, II, 394. , microscopic, remains in Yorkshire rocks, II, 274. -, mutual relations with vegetables, II, 241. Anthracite, formation of, VI, 22. Anticlinal, Grand, West Riding, mineral springs of, VIII, 336. Anticlinals, South Craven, system of, IV, 577. Anticline, Broughton, Carboniferous of, XXV, 190. — , Simonseat, Millstone Grit succession, XXIII, 319. •, Skipton, Mid-Carboniferous unconformity, XXIII, 30. •——-, , slumping in Embsay Limestone, XXV, 239, Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

28 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Aqueous Vapour, in atmosphere, effects as applied to blast furnaces, I, 19. Arboriculture, II, 43. Archaeology, connection with geology, VIII, 157. Architecture, Gothic, elucidation of geometrical principles, I, 352. Argyleshire, Lochgoilhead, ancient bloomery, III, 605. Artesian well, Oswaldkirk, XIX, 284. Arts, application of electricity to, II, 303. Ashfield brick and tile works, Conisborough, XIX, 289. Askern, mineral waters, XII, 347. Asteroidea, structure, traces of ancestral relations, VII, 275. Astromyelon and affinities, VII, 439. Atlantic, currents and phosphorescence, observations on, II, 287. • , North, geological history, XXI, 301. Attraction, capillary, phenomena and experiments upon, III, 209. Auloclisia, new genus from Carboniferous Limestone, XXI, 29. Austwick, pre-Carboniferous topography, XXI, 17. Common, human skeleton in peat moss, V, 162. Avenues, stone, Carnac, Brittany, V, 85.

Barden Fell, storm, 3rd June, 1908, effects of, XVI, 383. Barnoldswick, Bowland Shales, sections west of, XXIV, 252. Barnsley, boulder-clay near, VI, 122. Coalfield, geology of, IV, 604. — , marine horizons, XXI, 322. , Darfield quarries, fossil plants, VII, 162. , implement, stone, in alluvial gravels, IX, 281. — , natural history, III, 580. , products, mineral and manufacturing, III, 580. Barnsley Seam, fossils above, XVI, 321; XVII, 75. —— , variations and their probable causes, VI, 68. Barometer, coal mines, use in, and cheap form for, III, 297. Barometrical disturbances, abnormal, Yorkshire 1883-84, IX, 214. Barrow Collieries, Worsborough, section, VII, 111. Barrow, Bridlington near, IV, 387. , Cleveland, results from diggings, IV, 321. ., Howe Hill, Duggleby, XII, 227. Barrows, East Yorkshire, III, 545. , grouping, indicating Ancient British star-worship, XIII, 202. , Hunmanby near, British, XI, 91. Basaltic formation. South Staffordshire Coalfield, III, 691. Battery, voltaic, for electric light, III, 110. Battlefields, ancient, southern part of North-Humberland, V, 57. Baum Pots, Lower Coal Measures, composition of, VIII, 393. Beach, raised, Redcar, indications at, VIII, 220.

( _ 1 Saltburn, supposed, XIX, 345. Beaches, raised, Northeast Coast, Yorkshire, VIII, 221. Bear, fossil, new species from Ireland, IV, 338. Bears, extinct, distribution in Britain, IV, 338. Belemnites, Chalk, Yorkshire, XVII, 246. Bentley Colliery, Barnsley Seam, fossils above, XVI, 321; XVII, 75. Beyrichoceras zone, North England, XXII, 280. • , Pendle Hill area, upper limit in, XXIII, 25. Bingley, Harden Moor, striated rock surface, XVI, 26. Biographical notices, eminent Yorkshire geologists : J. Phillips, VIII, 3; A. Sedgwick, VIII, 255; J. Williamson, VIII, 295; H. E. Strickland, XI, 139. Biotite, Snap Granite, stage in decomposition, XXV, 366, Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 29

Birmingham, Triassic beds at Sutton Coldfield, VII, 66. Blast furnaces, aqueous vapour in atmosphere, effects in smelting, 1,19. , gaseous escape, used at Ystalyfera Ironworks, Swansea, II, 481. , titanium in, I, 198. Blasting, process by means of galvanism, II, 126. Blea Wyke, Estuarine Sandstone, U-shaped markings, XX, 182; U-shaped burrows, XX, 185. Bloomery, ancient, Lochgoilhead, Argyleshire, III, 605. Blubberhouses, geology, north of, XII, 294. Boiler crust, sulphate of lime, III, 59. Boilers, incrustations, proposed remedies, II, 372. , steam, improved safety valve, III, 218. , steam engines, construction, I, 13. Bolton Abbey, and Kettlewell, glacial phenomena between, XII, 299. Bolton-on-Dearne, Pontefract, geology of coalfield, VI, 108. Bone, rhinoceros, Brierton, West Hartlepool, XXIV, 99. Bones, animals, Duggleby Howe tumulus, XII, 241. , Bos primigenius, near Pontefract, V, 39. , Ctenodus, VII, 289. Bone Cave, Kent's Hole, Torquay, relation of M'Enery's researches to archaeology and palaeontology of Britian, IV, 150. Bore-holes, inclination, apparatus for determining, XVII, 87. Boring, Alport, Lower Carboniferous, XXV, 254. , Bradford, Lower Coal Measures and Millstone Grit, XXIV, 129. , East Harlsey, XVII, 72. , Fairweather Green, Bradford, Carboniferous, XXIV, 206. , Gansted, Hull, well, XIII, 88. , Hallam Head, Sheffield, Millstone Grits, XXIV, 241. , Hope Cement Works, Castleton, Derbyshire, XXII, 100. —, Rod Moor, Sheffield, Millstone Grit, XXII, 254. , Selby, XVII, 74; deep, XVI, 337. , Todmorden, through peat, XXIV, 165. Borings, Halifax, three deep, in Millstone Grit, XV, 79. ——, Hartlepool around, Permian and Coal Measures, XXIV, 313. , Huddersfield, notes on some deep, XXII, 31. , Yorkshire, water and salt, XI, 424. ——, preservation of accounts of, I, 315. Boring machine, for artesian wells, etc., Ill, 449. Borrowdale, glaciation of, XX, 155. Bos primigenius, bones, near Pontefract, V, 39. Botany and Tanhill, stratigraphy, from Alston Moor, XXIII, 236. Boulder, cup and ring markings, Horsforth, XI, 175. , granite or gneiss, Halifax Hard Bed Coal, XI, 96. Boulders, East Yorkshire, notes on, XIV, 237. , erratics in Calder Valley, VI, 93; sources of, VII, 141. , erratics at Norber, near Clapham, Yorkshire, VII, 266. , Flamborough Head, IX, 339; XI, 231, 297. , , petrological notes, XI, 409. ——, granite, etc., Calder Valley, near Halifax, I, 201. , in Lower Coal Measures, Wortley, Leeds, IX, 405. ——, quartzite, in Stanley Main Coal, Nostell, Wakefield, XXV, 140. , Shap Granite, southward flow, VII, 60. Boulder Markings on Kendall's map of Cleveland Glacier-Lakes, XV, 46. Boulder-Clay, Barnsley, near, VI, 122. cliffs, Carr Naze, Filey, description of photograph, XII, 422. Boulder-Clays, Dimlington, XXIV, 219. , Holderness, Norwegian rhomb-porphyries in, XIII, 279. Bowland, knoll region, notes on, XIX, 41. Shales, Barnoldswick, section west of, XXIV, 252. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

30 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Bradford, boring, Lower Coal Measures and Millstone Grit, XXIV, 129. , Fairweather Green, boring, Carboniferous, XXIV, 206. , glacial geology, XIV, 151. , glaciation of, XV, 193. , Labyrinthodont, Carboniferous, V, 15. , limestone track, south side of valley, XIV, 151. , meteorology, 1880-1896 (see Meteorology). Basin, glacial deposits, VI, 101. Brakes, railway, mechanical communication for working, II, 505. Bridlington, barrow near, IV, 387. , coast to Filey, notes on, XII, 424. , Crag Deposit, III, 559. , drainage sections, VIII, 240. , flint implements, IV, 465; V, 99. , glacial beds, VII, 123. , deposits, north of, VII, 246.

1 sections near, VII, 383; VIII, 27, 240; XI, 275. , Sewerby, buried cliff, IX, 381. , , Infra-Glacial Chalk rubble, land shells in, XV, 91. Brierton, West Hartlepool, rhinoceras bone, XXIV, 99. Brigg, XIII, 338. Brimham, Cliffs, V. 130. Britain, ethnology, early, III, 465. British dagger, Woodnook, Wakefield, III, 654. Pit dwellings, Doncaster neighbourhood, V, 246. Britons, Ancient, coins, IV, 423. Brittany, Carnac, stone avenues and prehistoric monuments, V, 85. Bronze implements, Leeds neighbourhood, VII, 405. , East Riding, IX, 426. , West Riding, IX, 427. Brough, Elloughton, elephas antiquus and other remains, XIII, 221. Broughton, anticline, Carboniferous of, XXV, 190. , geology, notes on, XVI, 347. Brunanburh, XIII, 402. Burnley Coalfield, Middle Coal Measures, correlation with South Lancashire, XXV 359 Burrows, U-shaped, Blea Wyke, XX, 185.

Calamitae, Yorkshire, XII, 1. Calamostachys binneyana, Schimp, XII, 279. Calcareous Grit, Yorkshire Coast, microscopic structure, III, 197. Calder Valley, Boulders of granite, etc., near Halifax, I, 201. , erratics, VI, 93; source of, VII, 141. Calderdale, geology of, XII, 369. —-—, Upper, Yoredales and Millstone Grit, XIII, 375. Cambodunum, respective claims of Almondbury, Slack and Greetland to site of, IV, 182. Cambridge, Greensand, polyzoa, IX, 10; XI, 250. Camp, Roman, supposed at Octon, XI, 457. Capillary Attraction, phenomena and experiments upon, III, 209. Carbon, crystalline species, existence of four, III, 159. Carbonate rock, Threlkeld, XXIV, 232. Carboniferous, Ammonoides new to English rocks, XIX, 359. , base, Teesdale, VI, 239. , boring, Fairweather Green, Bradford, XXIV, 206. , Broughton Anticline, XXV, 190. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 31

Carboniferous, Central Pennines, succession, XXI, 228. , cephalopoda, VI, 257; young stage, VIII, 254. , coral, Auloclisia, new genus, XXI, 29. , , Rylstonia benecompacta var. brevisepta var. n., XXIV, 373. , , Zaphrentis carruthersi, sp. nov. from Mirk Fell beds; relation to Z. delanouei species-group, XXIV, 290. , Craven Lowlands, XX, 411. , earth movements, differential, determining limits of Yorkshire, Derby• shire and Nottingham Coalfields, XV, 372. , entomostraca, North Yorkshire Shales, VIII, 226. , fish, Cultra, Ireland, XI, 332. , fishes, Yorkshire, list of, and distribution, XVI, 198. flora, III, 1; XIV, 189, 344. -—- footprints, fossil, I, 409. foraminifera, VIII, 226. — goniatite, new to Great Britain, XVII, 97. genus, Dimorphoceras, British development, XXIV, 103; Girty- oceras and Eumorphoceras, XXV, 387. goniatites, North England, XX, 40. graptolites, dendroid, occurrence in British rocks, XVI, 155. , Ingleborough, XVI, 177, 253. • , Isle of Man, south, palaeontological succession, XVI, 137. , junction with Silurian, Monghton Fell, Ribblesdale, VI, 309. , labyrinthodont, Bradford neighbourhood, V, 15. , lagoon deposit with sponges, XXI, 181. , Leeds area, mode of deposition and properties, XII, 9. Limestone, Castleton boring, XXII, 100. —— zones, south of Craven Fault, XVII, 242. , Lower, Alport boring, XXV, 254. , , corals, Rhopalolasma, gen. nov. and Cryptophyllum. XXIII, 91. , , fish fauna, Yorkshire, XV, 380. , , junction with Millstone Grit, Northwest Yorkshire, XX, 257. —, , Yorkshire, changes South to North, XI, 353. , Middle, unconformity in Skipton Anticline, XXIII, 30. , nautiloids, four new to Great Britain, XVII, 97. , Pateley Bridge, sequence, XVI, 75. , Pennine System, characters of, XIV, 422. , plant, in sandstone near Leeds, IV, 304. polyozoa, Derbyshire, VIII, 161; North Yorkshire, VII, 329; West Yorkshire, VIII, 161; Yorkshire, monograph, XI, 68, 84; Yorkshire, new species, VIII, 377. Red Beds at base, N.W. England, VI, 57. trilobite, Angram, Nidderdale, XVI, 84. -, Upper, goniatite, Cravenoceras darwenense sp. nov., Sabden Shales, Lancashire, XXV, 333. Upper Airedale, physical history, XI, 482. Carlisle to Newcastle, relation of Vallum to Roman Wall, XIII, 282. Carnac, Brittany, prehistoric momuments and stone avenues, V, 85. Carr Naze, Filey, boulder-clay cliffs, description of photograph, XII, 442. Carrock Fell and adjoining areas, XXIII, 208. Carstone, petrography, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, XX, 349. Castleton, boring, Hope Cement Works, XXII, 100. Cave, sections at, IX, 49. , North and South, agricultural geology, Oolites, I, 207. , South, Millepore Oolite displacement, XIX, 395. Cave, Bone, Kent's Hole, Torquay, relation of M'Enery's researches to archaeology and palaeontology of Britain, IV, 150. , Dowkerbottom, Craven, further explorations, IV, 423; account of working in 1881, VII, 414. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

32 PROC. YORKS, GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Cave, Elbolton, Craven, exploration, XI, 86, 307; XII, 105. , Mother Shipton's, Knaresborough, spar composition, XIII, 284. , Raygill, and contents, VII, 207. — , Victoria, work and problems of exploration, VI, 77. Caves, Craven, contents of Victoria and Dowkerbottom, IV, 45. , Cresswell, short history, VII. 252. , Vale of Clwyd, XI, 1. , bibliography, XV, 293; notes, XIII, 311, 433. Cavities, Craven Limestone district, III, 240. , Magnesian Limestone, singular, XI, 182. Cayton Gill Beds, IX, 265. Celt, lead, Lincolnshire, IV, 436. Cephalopoda, Carboniferous, VI, 257; young stage, VIII, 254. Cervus alces, skeleton from Neasham, Darlington, XXIV, 100. Cestraciont sharks, Cretaceous, XII, 62. Chalk, belemnites, Yorkshire, XVII, 246. , dales, Yorkshire, IX, 29. , Flamborough Head, contortions, IX, 43; fault, VII, 242. , Red, polyzoa and microzoa, Yorkshire and Norfolk, XI, 363. , rubble, Infra-Glacial, land shells, Sewer by, XV, 91, , White, Yorkshire, VIII, 21; XIII, 65, 171. • , valleys, dry, IX, 343. , zones, microscopic structure, XII, 385. Chalybeate water, Kissengen, analyses, VIII, 366. Channel tunnel, notes on visit to, VIII, 213. Chemical data, Lake District rocks, XV, 59. geology, new principle illustrated by impressed limestone pebbles, IV, 458. Cheviot Hills, volcanic rocks, XIV, 183. Chicory, growth and manufacture, III, 75. Chimneys, engine, construction of, I, 13. Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Garman, IX, 98; a fossil species, IX, 392. Chloride, sodium, in certain boulder-clays, Holderness, XXV, 236. Choke-damp indicator, IV, 545. Chonetes clevelandicus, Yorkshre Lias, new species, IX, 54. Clapham, Austwick Common, erratics, VII, 266; human skeleton in peat moss, V, 162. Clayton, Halifax, Lower Coal Measures, trees in, photograph, IX, 253. Cleveland, barrow diggings, results, IV, 321. , geology, notes, VII, 285. , Glacial lakes, XV, 1; boulder markings on map, XV, 46. Hill ironstone, origin of, III, 559. , North, glaciation, XVI, 372; XXIV, 180. Cleavage, slaty, origin, III, 300. Cliff, buried, Sewerby, IX, 381. , Hilderthorpe, section, on photograph of, IX, 433. Climate, relating to growth of wheat, III, 98. Climatic Cycle, Quaternary, XXIII, 257. Clisiophyllum ingletonense, sp. nov., XVII, 251. Clitheroe, geology of, XIV, 178. , knoll region, notes on, XIX, 41. Clover, failure of Red and White upon certain soils, II, 21. sickness, II, 351. Clwyd, Vale of, caves, XI, 1. Coal balls, Lower Coal Measures, composition, VIII, 393. cutting machine, hydraulic, IV, 404. deposition, some differences, IX, 77. heat yielded by, data for comparison with coke, I, 382. Coal Measures, borings around Hartlepool, XXIV, 313. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 33

Coal Measures, Coelacanthus, Yorkshire, XIV, 474. , fish remains, evidence of freshwater origin, VII, 40. , fossil fructifications, Yorkshire, IX, 435,

_—_> fossil trees, standing upright, II, 186. , fossils above Barnsley Seam, XVI, 321; XVII, 75. , goniatite, British, in Missouri, XII, 1. , junction with Millstone Grit, Horsforth, XVI, 391. _ Lower, Bradford boring, XXIV, 129. , , coal balls, composition, VIII, 393.

( f fish fauna, Halifax and Littleborough districts, XIII, 419. , , fish remains in shale, VI, 127.

1 f fiom, Halifax, VII, 73, 400; VIII, 370. , , fungi, Halifax, VII, 115.

1 1 quartzite boulder at Wortley, Leeds, IX, 405. , , trees at Clayton, Halifax (photograph), IX, 253; at Wadsley, VI, 179. , marine horizons, Barnsley district, XXI, 322. , Middle, Burnley Coalfield, correlation with those of South Lancashire, XXV, 359.

1 Nostell, Wakefield, XXV, 175. , Ostracacanthus dilatalus, gen. et sp. nov., VII, 191. , plants, Nostell, Wakefield, XXV, 176. , Rotherham, IV, 685. —— , Upper, Yorkshire, preliminary note, XV, 330. mines, barometer, use of, and cheap form of, III, 206. , Davy lamps and naked lights, mixed use, III, 577. , explosions, comparative view of circumstances attending, III, 138. , gas, method of evacuating, III, 225. , fire-damp, draining by ventilation, II, 472. , steam fan, direct-acting, III, 214. , ventilation, II, 399. , working and ventilating, method, III, 592. mining, ancient, IX, 257. , , observations on, V, 229. , observations on, V, 229. , physical properties, some, XI, 460. , pits, explosions, relation with state of barometer, IV, 119. resources, British, XV, 437. Seam, Adwalton Stone, notes on occurrence, XIV, 253. , Barnsley, variations in, South Yorkshire, VI, 68. , Halifax Hard, notes on occurrence, XIV, 253; boulder of granite or gneiss in, XI, 96. , Fish, coprolites in, II, 171. , Flockton Stone, coprolites in, II, 171. , Silkstone, variations in, South Yorkshire, VI, 68. —— -, Stanley Main, quartzite boulder in, XXV, 140. strata, Halifax, XIII, 302. , sulphur, proportion in, I, 48. working, effects of certain geological arrangements, IV, 394. Coalfield, Burnley, correlation of Middle Coal Measures with those of South Lancashire, XXV, 359. , Derbyshire, flora, XIX, 350. , —_ North, flora, XVII 132. , Edinburgh, general direction of currents, III, 232. , Midland, notes on, VII, 187. , Nottingham, flora, XVII, 132. , Pennine, Southeast, framework of, XXIII, 39. , Staffordshire, South, basaltic formation, III, 691. , Yorkshire, animal exuviae, II, 288. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

34 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVl

Coalfield, Yorkshire, Barnsley, geology, IV, 604. , , Doncaster, development, XVI, 403. , , extension, eastwardly, XII, 432. , , fishes, distribution of, VII, 228. , , flora, III, 1. ——, , geology, illustrations of, II, 328. , , ichthyology, I, 7. , , lamellibranchs, two new species from marine bands, XVI, 335. , , minerals as applied to manufacture of iron, VI, 137. , , Pontefract and Bolton-on-Dearne, geology, VI, 108. , , section, line of, committee report, I, 18; sub-committee report, I, 27.

( , shells in, I, 200. , , South, variations in Silkstone and Barnsley Seams, and probable cause, VI, 68. , , strata, I, 25. , , West Riding, mineral aspect, VI, 113. Coalfields, economical working of, V, 229. , Yorkshire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, limits as determined by Carboniferous differential earth movements, XV, 372. , Yorkshire and Lancashire, proposed line of section between, I, 7. Coast, Bridlington to Filey, XII, 424. , erosion, Holderness, XX, 32. , sections, Redcar to Scarborough, XIII, 248; Hayburn Wyke to Filey, XIII, 356. , Yorkshire, Calcareous Grit, microscopical structure, III, 197. , , drift, contorted stratification, III, 220. , , Hydraulic Limestone concretion, analysis, IX, 55. , , Northeast, raised beaches, VIII, 221. Coelacanthus, Coal Measures, Yorkshire, XIV, 474. Coin, Grass Wood, XIII, 64. Coins, Ancient Britons, IV, 423. , discovered near Warter, III, 495. Coke, heat yielded by, data for comparison with coal, I, 382. Concretion, Acrespire, IX, 149. , Hydraulic Limestone, Yorkshire Coast, analysis, IX, 55. Concretions, remarks on, IX, 55. Conglomerate, Permian, Markington, XII, 72. Conglomerates, Limestone, north side of Craven Faults, XII, 437. Conisborough, Ashfield brick and tile works, XIX, 289. Contorted stratification of Drift, Yorkshire Coast, III, 220. Contortion of rocks, VI, 3. Coprolites, in Stanley Shale and Flockton Stone or Fish Coal, II, 171. Coral, Auloclisia, new genus, Carboniferous Limestone, XXI, 29. , Clisiophyllum ingletonense, sp. nov., XVII, 251. , Cryptophyllum, Lower Carboniferous, XXIII, 91. —, Rhopalolasma, gen. nov. Lower Carboniferous, XXIII, 91. , Rylstonia benecompacta var. brevisepta var. n., XXIV, 373. , Zaphrentis carruthersi, sp. nov. Mirk Fell Beds, XXIV, 290. Corals, Mesozoic, Yorkshire, history of, XIV, 72. Cordaites, affinity to Dadoxylon, XII, 95. Cornbrash, polyzoa, stomatopora and proboscina groups, Thrapaton, North• amptonshire, XII, 247. Cotteswolds, Toarcian deposits comparison with Yorkshire, XVII, 209. Crag Deposit, Bridlington, microscopic fossils. III, 559. Crania, Howe Hill Barrow, Duggleby, XII, 227. Craven, Carboniferous Limestone zones, south of Fault, XVII, 242. , cave, Dowkerbottom, contents, IV, 45; further explorations, IV, 414; account of 1881 working, VII, 351. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 35

Craven, cave, Elbolton, exploration, XI, 86, 307; XII, 105. , , Victoria, contents, IV, 45. ——, conglomerates, limestone, north side of Faults, XII, 437. ——, geology, VI, 16; of Thornton, Marton and Broughton, XVI, 347. ~, knoll region, notes, XIX, 41. , Limestone district, cavities, III, 240. , Limestones, structure of some, XVI, 27, 158. , Lowlands, Carboniferous sequence, XX, 411. , Palaeozoic, Lower, VII, 397. , South, system of anticlinals, IV, 577. Cravenoceras darwenense, sp. nov., Carboniferous goniatite, Sabden Shales, Lancashire, XXV, 333. Cravenoceratoides bisati, Hudson, and Ct. lirifer, sp. nov.; XXV, 375. Cresswell Caves, short history, VII, 252. Cretaceous, polyzoa, additions, XII, 149. ———, sharks, hybodont and cestraciont, XII, 62. Crimsworth Dean, Horsebridge Clough, Hebden Bridge, fish remains in Yoredale Limestone shales, XIV, 175. Cromlechs, ethnologically and geologically considered, IV, 231. Crosses, fragments, Leeds, III, 502. Crust, Earth, secular expansion, geological evidence, IV, 1. Cryptophyllum, coral, Lower Carboniferous, XXIII, 91. Ctenodus, bones, VII, 289. Ctenostomatous polyzoa, Palaeozoic, British, XII, 74. Cultra, Ireland, fossil fish. Carboniferous shales, XI, 332. Cumberland, erosional platforms, high level, XXIII, 159. , Threlkeld, xenoliths, XXIV, 223; carbonate rock, XXIV, 232. Currents, Atlantic, observations on, II, 287. , Edinburgh Coalfield, general direction in, III, 232. , Southeast Northumberland, drifting the sandstones, III, 232. , voltaic, phenomena, II, 417. Cusworth, Doncaster, post-Permian fault, XV, 453. Cutlery trades, Sheffield, supply of raw materials, III, 450. Cyclostomatous polyzoa, classification, old and new, IX, 346.

Dadoxylon, affinity to Cordaites, XII, 95. Dagger, British, Woodnook, Wakefield, III, 654. Dales, Chalk, of Yorkshire, IX, 29. , Wolds, origin and formation, VII, 128. Danby North Moor, British habitations, so-called, XIII, 406. Dane's Graves, near Driffield, XIII, 286, 299. Darfield Quarries, Barnsley, fossil plants, VII, 162. Darlington, Elk skeleton from Neasham, XXIV, 100. Daviesiella carinata (Garwood), XXIII, 79. Dearne Valley, glaciation, XV, 453. Deer, gigantic Irish, contemporary with Man, III, 400. Denmark, geologico-archaeological discoveries in, IV, 238. Derbyshire, Alport Dale, Namurian, XXV, 142. , boring, Alport, XXV, 254; Castleton, XXII, 100. , Coalfield, flora, XVII, 132; XIX, 350. , limits as determined by Carboniferous differential earth-move• ments, XV, 372.

, Millers Dale, DrD2 limestones, XXIII, 178. , North, Mid-Visean succession, XXIV, 60. , polyzoa. Carboniferous, VIII, 161. Derwent, river terraces, XXIV, 245. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

36 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Devonian, Ingleborough, XVI, 177. Diluvial Beds, Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire, III, 244. Dimlington, moss in boulder-clay, XXIV, 219. Dimorphoceras, goniatite genus, development in British Carboniferous, XXIV, 103. Disinfectants and malaria, II, 483. Disinfecting Agents, powers, as auxiliary to sanitary measures, II, 447. Dog, skull from alluvial gravel, Norwich, III, 538. Dogger horizons, Northeast Yorkshire, XXII, 122. Don, river system, evolution, XV, 388. Don Valley, disturbances in district, I, 4. , glaciation, XV, 411. Doncaster, British Pit Dwellings, in neighbourhood, V, 246. • , development of Coalfield, XVI, 403. , fault, post-Permian at Cusworth, XV, 453. , glacial deposits near, VIII, 212. , Permian, notes on rocks, XXII, 133. Dowkerbottom Cave, contents, IV, 45; further exploration, IV, 414; account of 1881 working, VII, 351. Drainage, Alston Block and adjoining areas, XXI, 161. sections, Bridlington, VIII, 240; Flamborough, XII, 145. Drewton, sections at, IX, 49. Driffield, Anglo-Saxon ring found near, V, 157. , Dane's Graves, near, XIII, 286, 299. , drift sections at new drainage works, VII, 373. , Museum, of Antiquities and geological specimens, history, XIV, 88. , railway to Market Weighton, XI, 170. Drift, distribution, XXI, 79. , Driffield, sections at new drainage works, VII, 373. , Flamborough Head, VII, 242. -——, Holderness, on a new section, XVI, 171. , Humber Gap, XIII, 211. , Leeds, near, XV, 456. , Mytholmroyd, XIV, 231. , Older and Newer, East Yorkshire, XXIV, 137. , Ripon, near, VI, 210. , Vale of Mowbray, XI, 177. , West Riding, nature, correlation, mode of accumulation, V, 130. —, Yorkshire, I, 338. , •—— Coast, contorted stratification, III, 220. Dry-Valleys, Chalk, IX, 343. Duggleby Howe, tumulus, XI, 441; opening of, XII, 215; crania, etc. in, XII, 227; animals' bones, XII, 241. Dwellings, British Pit, Doncaster neighbourhood, V, 246. , lake, Vale of Pickering, XIII, 21. Dykes.basic, Howgill Fells, XXI, 59.

Earth, age of, by circulation of salt, XIV, 401. , crust, expansion, secular, geological evidence, IV, 1; astronomical evidence, IV, 27. -, land and sea, relative change, IV, 130. movements, Carboniferous, determining the limits of Yorkshire, Derby• shire and Nottinghamshire Coalfields, XV, 372. , orbit, increase of, and effects, geological evidence, IV, 1; astronomical evidence, IV, 27. Earthquake shocks, transmission beneath great mountain ranges, II, 334. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 37

East Anglia, Pleistocene deposits, XV, 315, 436. Harlsey, boring, XVII, 72. Riding, fauna, extinct, remarks on, V, 7. , fossils, classified list, XVII, 4. , geography and geology, physical, IX, 113. , habitation terraces, IX, 221. , implements, bronze, IX, 426. Yorkshire, barrows, ancient, III, 545. , boulders, notes, XIV, 237. , drift, Older and Newer, XXIV, 137. , erratics, vertical distribution, XXI, 151. , geological history, VII, 15. —, lake dwellings, XI, 101. , moorlands, distribution as explained by Glacial history, XIII, 400. Ebberston Moor, small pits, origin of lines of, XIII, 150. Echinoids, Yorkshire, XVII, 213. Edale Shales, Castleton boring, XXII, 100. Edinburgh Coalfield, general direction of currents, III, 232. Elbolton Cave, exploration, XI, 86, 307; XII, 105. Electric Light, from voltaic battery, III, 110. Electricity, application to Arts, II, 303. • , effect on structural character of rocks and mineral deposits, III, 380. Elephas antiquus, Elloughton gravels, XIII, 221. Elk, Cervus alces, skeleton from Neasham, near Darlington, XXIV, 100. Elloughton, Humber Valley, Elephas antiquus from gravels, XIII, 221; mammaliferous gravel, IX, 407. Elmet, little British kingdom, IV, 452. Elsecar, Hemingfield Pit, ventilation fan, III, 215. Embsay Limestone, contemporaneous slumping, Skipton Anticline, XXV, 239. Entomostraca, Carboniferous, North Yorkshire shales, VIII, 226. , Wenloek Shales, distribution, IX, 393. Entrenchments, ancient, near Wetwang, XI, 45. Eocene, polyzoa, British, XI, 154; new and little known, XII, 52. Erosion surfaces, Irish Sea Basin, around, XXIV, 31, •, residual, in mountain ranges, XXIV, 71. Erosional platforms, high level, Cumberland and Furness, XXIII, 159. Erratic, Randy Mere, Goathland, XXV, 234. Erratics, Calder Valley, VI, 93; source of, VII, 141. , distribution, XXI, 79. , East Yorkshire, vertical distribution, XXI, 151. , Norber, near Clapham (Yorkshire), VII, 266. , Silurian, Wharf edale, VI, 159. Escarpments, West Riding, remarks on origin, V, 130. Eskdale, petrography, some Jurassic sandstones, XXII, 93. Esk Valley, geology, IV, 91. Estuarine sandstones, near Blea Wyke, U-shaped markings, XX, 182; U-shaped burrows, XX, 185. Ethnology, Britain, early, III, 465. Eumorphoceras, Carboniferous goniatite genus, XXV, 387. Explosions, in coal-pits, relation with state of barometer, IV, 119. , , comparative view of circumstances attending, III, 138, Explosives used in mining, IX, 147. Exuviae, animal, fossil, Yorkshire, II, 288.

Fairweather Green, boring, Carboniferous, XXIV, 206. Fan, steam, direct-acting, for coal mines, III, 214. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

38 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOU. XXVI

Fan, ventilation, Hemingfield Pit, Elsecar, III, 215. Fat, spontaneous decomposition, II, 184. Fauna, extinct, East Riding, remarks, V, 7. Faunal divisions, Millstone Grit, Rombalds Moor, XXIV, 344, Fault, Cusworth, post-Permian, XV, 453. , Flamborough Head, Chalk, VII, 242. Faults, effect on character of seashore, XII, 361. , Settle-Malham area, some undescribed, XVI, 393. Filey, coast to Bridlington, notes on, XII, 424. , coast to Hayburn Wyke, sections, XIII, 356. ——, Carr Naze, boulder-clay cliffs, description of photograph, XII, 442. • , Roman remains, III, 610; XVI, 21. , striated surface, XIII, 346. Filey Bay, XIII, 338; Glacial beds, divisions, VII, 167. Fimber Village, prehistory, XI, 217, 445. Fireclays, IV, 75. Fire-damp, coal mines, draining by ventilation, II, 472. detector, VIII, 395. indicator, IV, 545. remarks on, IV, 610. Fish Coal Measures, evidence of freshwater origin, VII, 40. , Yorkshire, XIV, 159. —— —-—, Lower, Halifax and Littleborough, XIII, 419. shale, VI, 137. Carboniferous, Lower, Yorkshire, XV, 380. —, slate, Cultra, Ireland, XI, 332. ganoid, structure of, VI, 24, Lias, Whitby, XIII, 25, 155, 325, 455. Millstone Grit, new species and amended list of genera and species, XV, 70. , Yorkshire, XIII, 395. Ostracacantkus dilataius, gen. et sp, nov., Coal Measures, south of Halifax, VII, 191. Pendleside Limestones, XIV, 465. Yoredale Limestone Shales, Crimsworth Dean (Horsebridge Clough), near Hebden Bridge, XIV, 175. Yorkshire, distribution and list of, XVI, 198. , Coalfield, distribution, VII, 228. Fish Coal Seam, coprolites in, II, 171. Flagstones, Yorkshire, III, 663. Flamborough, drainage sections, XII, 145. ——•, Thornswick Bay, photograph, VIII, 103. — Head, boulders, beach south of, petrology, XI, 409. __ boulders, larger, IX, 339; XI, 231, 397. — —, Chalk, contortions in, IX, 43; fault, VII, 242. _ __ drift, VII, 242.

_ 1 geology, XIII, 171. Flax, chemical preparation for manufacturing purposes, III, 272. Flint flake implements, Isle of Man, III, 369. -—- implements, Adel, near Leeds, V, 24; Bridlington, IV, 465, V, 99; barrow near Bridlington, IV, 387; hills between Todmorden and Marsden, VIII, 70. users, ancient, Yorkshire, IX, 411. Flockton Stone Seam, coprolites in, II 171. Floods, river, and underground water supply, XI, 200. Flora, Coalfields, Derbyshire, XIX, 350; North Derbyshire and Notting• hamshire, XVII, 132; Yorkshire, III, 1. , Coal Measures, Lower, Halifax, VII, 73, 400; VIII, 370. , Carboniferous, XIV, 189, 344. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 39

Flora, Jurassic, XXIII, 1. Flots, VII, 381. Fluids and rotary machines, reciprocal propelling powers, II, 116, Footprints, fossil, Carboniferous, I, 409, Foraminifera, Carboniferous, North Yorkshire shales, VIII, 226. , Greensand, Cambridge, IX, 10. Forest, ancient, vestiges in parts of Pennines, VII, 368. Forests, submarine, Lincolnshire, III, 637. Forest of Dean, model of, I, 25. Fossil trees, Coal Measures, standing upright, II, 186. ——, , Lower, Clayton, Halifax, photograph, IX, 253; Wadsley, VI, 179. Fossils, Barnsley Seam, above, XVI, 321; XVII, 75. , East Riding, classified list, XVII, 4. , Flagstones, Yorkshire, III, 663. , Crag Deposit, Bridlington, microscopic, III, 559. ——, Yoredales and Millstone Grit, Upper Calder Valley, XIII, 375. France, geologico-arehaeological discoveries in, IV, 238. , Northwest, Oolites, Upper and Middle, facies and correlation with England, XIX, 272. Fructifications, fossil, Coal Measures, Yorkshire, IX, 435. Fuel, its natue, value and application, III, 173. Fungi, fossil. Coal Measures, Halifax, VII, 115. Furness, erosional platforms, high level, XXIII, 159. , Glacial geology, XVII, 401.

Galvanism, a means of blasting, II, 126. Galvanometer, new, II, 417; improvements, III, 38. Gansted, Hull, well-boring, XIII, 88. Gas, inflammable, method of evacuating coal mines, III, 225. stove, new, III, 168. Gasteropoda, Upper Lias, Yorkshire, two new species, XIII, 200. Gauges, pressure, improvement, III, 590. Geology, Exact Sciences, relation to, XIX, 1. ——, fact and fiction in, XXII, 73. in schools, XXIII, 219. Geologists, eminent, Yorkshire, biographical notices: J. Phillips, VIII, 3; A, Sedgwick, VIII, 255; J. Williamson, VIII, 295; H. E. Strickland, XI, 139. Girtyoceras, goniatite genus, Carboniferous, XXV, 387. Glacial action, near Leeds, evidence, XII, 69. beds, Bridlington, VII, 123. —— , Filey Bay, divisions, VII, 167. —— clays, sodium chloride, presence in Holderness, XXV, 236. —— deposit, near Doncaster, VIII, 212. deposits, Bradford Basin, VI, 101.

_ _—t Bridlington, north of, VII, 246. —-— , near Pickering, XV, 443. — drift, mastodon tooth in, XII, 246.

> near Ripon, VI, 210. drifts, Holderness, new section, XVI, 171. ——geology, Bradford, XIV, 151; Furness, XIX, 401; Nidderdale, XXII, 215. —-—• history, East Yorkshire, explaining distribution of moorlands, XIII, 400. Infra-, Chalk rubble, Sewerby, land shells in, XV, 91. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

40 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Glacial Period, date, bearing of Pleistocene mammalia of British Isles upon, XX, 325.

__ > history, connection with physical properties of ice, VI, 149. phenomena, Spitzbergen, illustrative of British conditions, XVII, 216. , Victoria, Vancouver Island, IX, 57.

; York, near, XIII, 15. Pre-, erosion surfaces around Irish Sea Basin, XXIV, 31. —— retreat, Pennines, correlation of stages across, XXII, 119. —— —, West Yorkshire, periodicity in, XXI, 24. sections, Bridlington, near, VII, 383; VIII, 27, 240; XI, 275.

—__ t York, relation to later deposits, VII, 421. Glaciation, Borrowdale, XX, 155. ——, Bradford district, XV, 193. ——, Cleveland, North, XVI, 372; XXIV, 180. , Dearne Valley, XV, 411. , Don Valley, XV, 411. —, Keighley district, XV, 193. ——, Swaledale, and adjacent parts of Pennines, XX, 366. , Vale of York, eastern side, XXIII, 54; final, western limit, XXII, 246. , Wensleydale, XX, 366. , Wharfedale, XXII, 9. —, Yorkshire, XII, 306. Glacier lakes, Cleveland, XV, 1.

1 Yorkshire Wolds, XXV, 223. ——, Muir, Alaska, IX, 57. ——, Sefstrom, Spitzbergen, shelly moraine, XVII, 216. Glaciers, Geat Britain, evidence of former existence, I, 419. Glen Gloy, parallel roads, IX, 123. Goathland, Randy Mere, erratic block, XXV, 234. Gold mines, Great Britain, XI, 239. Goniatite, Cravenoceratoides bisati, Hudson, Ct. lirifer, n. sp., XXV, 375; Cravenoceras darwenense, XXV, 333; Eumorphoceras, XXV, 387; Girty- ocems, XXV, 387. , British Coal Measures, in Missouri, XXII, 1. , Carboniferous, new to Britain, XVII, 97. Goniatites, Beyrichoceras zone, North England, XXII, 280. , Carboniferous, North England, XX, 40. , Lower Reticuloceras (Rj) succession, North England, XXIV, 383. Gordale Scar, photograph, VII, 83. Goredale Cliff, V, 130. Gothic architecture, elucidation of geometrical principles, I, 296, 352. Granite boulder, Halifax Hard Bed Coal, XI, 96. boulders, Calder Valley, near Halifax, I, 201. -, Ingleton, so-called, XI, 480. , Shap, biotite, decomposition stage, XXV, 366.

( ( boulders, southward flow, VII, 60. Graptolites, dendroid, occurrence in British Carboniferous, XVI, 155. Grass Wood, coin, XIII, 64. Grassington, geology between Wensleydale and, XII, 133. , Glacial phenomena near, XV, 52.

___> Wharfedale Exploration Committee report, XIII, 115. Gravel, Elloughton, mammaliferous, IX, 407; elephas antiquus from, XIII, 221. , Yorkshire, I, 338. beds, Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire, III, 244. Gravels, Hessle, sections, XII, 396. ——, Interglacial, Holderness, section, XIII, 1. Graves, Dane's, near Driffield, XIII, 286, 299. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 41

Great Whernside to Masham, Millstone Grits, sequence, XIX, 20; palaeont• ology, XIX, 24. Greensand, Cambridge, foraminifera, IX, 10. , , polyzoa, IX, 10; XI, 250. Greetland, claim to site of Cambodunum, IV, 182. Grimsby Docks, hydrostatic machinery, III, 312.

Habitation terraces, East Riding, IX, 221. Habitations, British, Danby North Moor, XIII, 406. Hackness Quarries and William Smith, XXIV, 26. Hail, formation of, III, 675. Halifax, boulders, granite, Calder Valley, I, 201. , Coal Measures, fish, Ostracacanthus dilatatus, VII, 191. , strata, XIII, 302. Hard Coal, occurrence, XIV, 253. , boulder of granite or gneiss in, XI, 96. , Lower Coal Measures, fish, XIII, 419. , , flora, VII, 73, 400; VIII, 370. , , fossil trees, photograph, IX, 253.

, 1 fUngi, VII, 115. ——-, Millstone Grit, three deep borings, XV, 79. , Roman roads in parish, IV, 182. , springs, mineral, I, 148. Hallam Head, boring, Millstone Grit, XXIV, 241. Hambleton Hills, tumuli, early British, IV, 488. Harden Moor, Bingley, striated surface, XVI, 26. Hardness, steel, practical method of determining, II, 78. Harrogate, mineral wealth, VIII, 357. , mineral wells, VIII, 313. , mineral waters, VIII, 319. wells, geologically considered, VIII, 319. Hartlepool, borings in Permian and Coal Measures, around, XXIV, 313. , subsidences over Permian Boundary, to Ripon, VII, 342. Hawkesworth Quarry, Horsforth, Coal Measures and Millstone Grit junction, XVI, 391. Hayburn Wyke, coast sections to Filey, XIII, 356. Hemingfield Pit, Elsecar, ventilating fan, III, 215. Hessle, sections in gravel, XII, 396. Heterolepidotus, Lias, new species, VIII, 403. Hilderthorpe, cliff sections, IX, 443. Hippopotamus remains, near Leeds, III, 321. Holderness, coast erosion, XX, 32. , Glacial drifts, new section, XVI, 171. ——, Interglacial gravels, section, XIII, 1. , Norwegian Rhomb-porphyries in boulder-clay, XIII, 279. ———, sodium chloride in certain boulder-clays, XXV, 236. Horsebridge Clough, Crimsworth Dean, near Hebden Bridge, fish in Yoredale Limestone shales, XIV, 175. Horsforth, boulder with cup and ring markings, XI, 175. , Hawkesworth quarry, Coal Measures and Millstone Grit junction, XVI, 391. Horton, Ribblesdale, pre-Carboniferous topography, XXI, 17. Howardian Hills, tectonic structures, XXI, 197. Howe Hill, Duggleby, tumulus, opening of, XII, 215; crania and human remains, XII, 227; bones of animals found, XII, 241; further observa• tions, XII, 242. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

42 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Howgill Fells, basic dykes and sills, XXI, 59. , relic surfaces, XXIV, 152. Huddersfield, deep borings, XXII, 31. Hull, Alexandra Dock extension, sections, XIV, 245. ——, Gansted, well-boring, XIII, 88. Human remains, Howe Hill barrow, Duggleby, XII, 227. Humber Gap, drift, XIII, 211. Valley, mammaliferous gravel, Elloughton, IX, 407. Hunmanby, British barrows, investigation, XI, 91. Hybodont sharks, Cretaceous, XII, 62.

Ice, physical properties, connection with history of Glacial Period, VI, 149. Iceland, physical featues, XIII, 449. , volcanoes, XII, 162. Ichthyology, Yorkshire Coalfield, I, 7. Igneous rocks, Lake District, XIV, 487. , Oatland Complex, Santon, Isle of Man, XVII, 110. Ilkley, railway sections to Skipton, IX, 363. , Spa water analyses, XIX, 14. Implement, stone, alluvial gravels, Barnsley, IX, 281. Implements, bronze. East Riding, IX, 426. , , Leeds neighbourhood, VII, 405.

a , West Riding, IX, 427. , flint, Adel, near Leeds, V, 24. , , Bridlington, IV, 387, 465; V, 99. , -, flake, Isle of Man, IX, 369. , , hills between Todmorden and Marsden, VIII, 70. , primaeval inhabitants, British Islands, IV, 310. Ingleborough, Carboniferous, XVI, 177, 253. ___ Devonian, XVI, 177. —-—, physical geography, XIV, 125. , Silurian, XV, 351; XVI, 45. , stratigraphy, XIV, 323. , waters, underground, XV, 242. Ingleton granite, so-called, XI, 480. Ingletonian Series, West Yorkshire, XVI, 87. Inhabitants, primaeval, British Islands, conditions evidenced by weapons etc., IV, 310. ' Interglacial gravels, Holderness, section, XIII, 1. Ireland, bear, new species, IV, 338. , fish, Carboniferous slate, Cultra, XI, 332. , Mesozoic, Northeast Coast, XI, 53. Irish deer, gigantic, contemporary with Man, III, 400. Sea Basin, pre-Glacial erosion surfaces around, XXIV, 31. Iron, malleable, qualities and properties, III, 257. , manufacture of, III, 257. , manufactured by hot and cold blast, experiments on, II, 92. —, pig, aqueous vapour in atmosphere, effects on manufacture, I, 19. , , strength of various qualities and makes, experiments, I, 191. ore deposits, Lincolnshire, IV, 97. , puddling by steam, III, 440. , relative properties, made by hot and cold blast, II, 2. ——, qualities, practical method of determining, II, 78. , smelting with anthracite and hot blast, II, 481. , wrought, effects of vibration and concussion on molecular change in constitution, II, 14. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 43

Ironstone, Cleveland Hill, origin, III, 457. Ironstones, Oolites, Yorkshire, III, 394. Isis liasica, new species, Yorkshire Lias, IX, 54. Isle of Man, flint implements, IX, 369. --, igneous complex, oatland, Santon, XVII, 110. --, South, Carboniferous palaeontological succession, XVI, 137. Ivory, article of manufacture, Ill, 87.

J. Junction, Coal Measures and Millstone Grit, Horsforth, XVI, 391. --, Lower Carboniferous and Millstone Grit, Northwest Yorkshire, XX, 257. --, Silurian and Carboniferous, Monghton Fell, Ribblesdale, VI, 309. Jurassic, earth movement, differential, Northeast Yorkshire, XIX, 383. --, floras, XXIII, 1. --, petrography of sandstones, Eskdale, XXII, 93. --, petrography of sediments, Yorkshire, XXII, 188. --, Upper, Yorkshire, zones in, XXV, 339.

K. Keighley, geology, VI, 48. --, glaciation, XV, 193. Kent's Hole, Torquay, IV, 150. Kettlewell, glacial phenomena between Bolton Abbey and, XII, 299. Killing pits, XIII, 144. Kinderscout Grit, Todmorden district, stratigraphical succession below, XXI,47. Kirk Smeaton, railway sections, to Upton, VIII, 107. Kissengen, saline chalybeate water, analysis, 1883, compared with analyses of other years, VIII, 366. Knaresborough, Dropping Well, history of, and analysis, XIII, 135. --, Mother Shipton's Cave, composition of spar, XIII, 284. Knoll region of Clitheroe, Bowland and Craven, XIX, 41.

L. Labyrinthodont, Carboniferous, Bradford, V, 15. Lagoon deposits, Carboniferous, with sponges, XXI, 181. Lake District, chemical data for rocks, XV, 59. -- ~-, igneous rocks, XIV, 487. ----, petrology, principal publications, XIV, 494. Lake-dwelling, Preston, XI, 90. Lake-dwellings, East Yorkshire, XI, 101. --, Vale of Pickering, XIII, 21. Lakes, glacier, Cleveland, XV, 1. --,--, Yorkshire Wolds, XXV, 223. Lamellibranchs, two new species, marine bands, Yorkshire Coalfield, XVI, 335. Lamp, safety, I, 21; II, 478; IV, 610; IX, 268. Lamprophyres, petrology, Yorkshire, XI, 311. Lancashire, Carboniferous goniatite, Craoenoceras dartuenense sp. nov. from Sabden Shales, XXV, 333. ----, Coalfield, line of section between Yorkshire and, I, 7. --, Millstone Grit marine bands, east of Whalley, XXV, 136. --, North, Yoredale polyzoa, IX, 70. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

44 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Lancashire, South, Middle Coal Measures, correlation with Burnley Coalfield, XXV, 359. Land-shells, Infra-Glacial Chalk rubble, Sewerby, XV, 91. Lavas, Pillow, Castleton boring, XXII, 100. Lead, action of spring water on, II, 162. , celt, Lincolnshire, IV, 436. , precipitation by crystallisation, III, 461. , mining districts, Yorkshire, III, 657. ——, veins, Skipton, VIII, 63. Leeds, Adel, flint implements, V, 24. , boulders, in Lower Coal Measures at Wortley, IX, 405. , Carboniferous strata, mode of deposition and properties, XII, 9. , cross in old Parish Church, III, 534. , crosses, fragments of, III, 502. , drift deposits, near, XV, 456. , glacial action, evidence, XII, 69. , hippopotamus remains, III, 321. —, history before Norman Conquest, IV, 359. ——, implements, bronze, VII, 405. , plant, Carboniferous sandstone, IV, 304. , rainfall, intense, 19th July, 1891, XII, 94. Lepidodendron, XI, 478; structure and affinities, XI, 316. Lepidophloios, XI, 478. Lias, heterolepidotus, VIII, 107. ——, Lower, Pteromya crowcombeia Moore, and some species of Pleuromya and Volsella, XIX, 51. , sections, Yorkshire, XII, 170. • -, Yorkshire, three new species (Chonetes clevelandicus, Pleuromya navicula, I sis liasica), IX, 54. , Upper, gasteropoda, two new species, Yorkshire, XIII, 200.

1 , Whitby, fish, XIII, 25, 155, 325, 455. Lime, uses in agriculture, II, 254. Limestone concretion, hydraulic, from Yorkshire Coast, analysis, IX, 55. conglomerate, north side of Craven Faults, XII, 437. -—-, Carboniferous, Castleton boring, XXII, 100.

, D1-D2, Millers Dale, XXIII, 178. , Embsay, contemporaneous slumping, XXV, 239. , Magnesian, West Riding, agriculture geologically considered, I, 91. • , , singular cavities, XI, 182. , , singular nodules, XII, 245. -, minerals accompanying formation and destruction, III, 61. , pebbles, impressed, illustrating new principle in chemical geology, IV, 458. track, Bradford, XIV, 151. Limestones, Pendleside, fish fauna, XIV, 465. Lincoln Heath, historic incidents connected with, IV, 273. Lincolnshire, alluvial lands, III, 637. , Carstone, petrography, XX, 349. , forests, submarine, III, 637. , iron-ore deposits, IV, 97. , lead celt, IV, 436. , Saxonian movements, XXII, 52. , underground waters, XII, 22. Lingula Flags, Sacocaris, new genus of phyllopoda, IV, 588. , Millstone Grit, west of Ripon, IX, 425. Littleborough, Lower Coal Measures, fish, XIII, 419. Lochgoilhead, Argyleshire, ancient bloomery, III, 605. Locomotion, railways, economy of methods of applying power, II, 313. Lothersdale, Raygill Fissure, exploration, IX, 280. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 45

Machines, rotary, and fluids, reciprocal propelling powers, II, 116. Magnesian Limestone, beds underlying, Yorkshire, XX, 200. , cavities, singular, XI, 182. , nodules, singular, XII, 245. , West Riding, agriculture geologically considered, I, 91. Magnetic manipulation, processes, II, 312. Magnetism, dia-, phenomena and experiments with, III, 114. Malaria, and disinfectants, II, 483. Malham Cliff, V, 130. , geology, XIV, 245. , river bed, dry, XIII, 58. , Settle area, some undescribed faults, XVI, 393. , spring, intermittent, VII, 186, , waters, composition of some, XIV, 45. Mammalia, Pleistocene, British Isles, bearing upon date of Glacial period, XX, 325. Mammaliferous gravel, Elloughton, IX, 407. Mammals, extinct, associated with works of Man, Aire Valley deposit, III, 482. , Pleistocene, Yorkshire, IV, 502. Man, Irish deer, gigantic, contemporary with, III, 400. , remains, relative age of, Yorkshire, IX, 201. , works of, associated with extinct mammals, Aire Valley deposit, III, 482. Marine bands, Coalfield, Yorkshire, two new species of lamellibranchs, XVI, 335. , Millstone Grit, east of Whalley, Lancashire, XXV, 136. , Millstone Grit, Wharfedale, XVII, 83. fossils, above Barnsley Seam, XVI, 321; XVII, 75. —— horizons, Barnsley Coalfield, XXI, 322. Market Weighton, railway to Driffield, XI, 170. Markington, Permian conglomerate, XII, 72. Marsden, to Todmorden, flint implements on hills, VIII, 70. Marton-in-Craven, geology, XVI, 347. Masham, to Great Whernside, Millstone Grit, XIX, 20. Mastodon, tooth in drift, XII, 246. Materials, strength of, II, 388. Megalichthys, Agassiz, genus; history, systematic position and structure, XIV, 52. Melrose, notes for field excursion, XV, 154. Menhirs, origin and use, IV, 630. Mesozoic corals, Yorkshire, history of, XIV, 72. rocks, Ireland, Northeast Coast, XI, 53. Metamorphoses of rocks, essential conditions, III, 379. Meteorology, Bradford, 1880, VII, 329; 1881, VII, 462; 1882, XIII, 155; 1883, VIII, 293; 1884, XIII, 423; 1885, IX, 144; 1886, IX, 336; 1887, IX, 498; 1888, XI, 137; 1889, XI, 352; 1890, XI, 505; 1891, XII, 131; 1892, XII, 274; 1893, XII, 346; 1894, XII, 474; 1895, XIII, 133; 1896, XIII, 277. Micro-organisms, Carboniferous, Alport boring, XXV, 312. Microscopic animals, remains in Yorkshire rocks, II, 274. fossils, Crag Deposit, Bridlington, III, 559. structure, Calcareous Grit, Yorkshire Coast, III, 197. , Mount Sorrel syenite, artifically fused and cooled slowly, IV, 301. , rocks, IX, 151. Microzoa, Chalk Red, Yorkshire and Norfolk, XI, 363. Middlesbrough, geology of district, VII, 284. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

46 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Milk, as an agricultural production and article of food, HI, 78. Millepore Oolite, displacement, South Cave, XIX, 395.

Millers Dale, DrD2 Limestones, XXIII, 178. Millstone Grit, analyses, Yeadon, XXIII, 144. , borings, Bradford, XXIV, 129; Halifax, three deep, XV, 79; Hallam Head, XXIV, 241; Rod Moor, XXII, 254. , faunal divisions, Rombalds Moor, XXIV, 344. , fish, new species and amended list of, XV, 70. , fish remains, Yorkshire, XIII, 395. , junction with Coal Measures, Horsforth, XVI, 391. , with Lower Carboniferous, Northwest Yorkshire, XX, 257. , Lingula, west of Ripon, IX, 425. , Masham to Great Whernside, XIX, 24. , marine bands, Lancashire, east of Whalley, XXV, 136. , , Wharfedale, XVII, 83.

1 Nidderdale, XX, 226. , orthoceras, II, 399. , Simonseat Anticline, XXIII, 319. , strata and deposition of, XII, 407. , structure and origin, South Yorkshire, III, 669. , Upper Calderdale, XIII, 375. Mine refuse, agricultural purposes, rendering available, II, 104. Mines, coal, barometer, use of and cheap form for, III, 206. , , Davy Lamps and naked lights, mixed use, III, 577. , , explosions, comparative view of circumstances attending, III, 138. , , , relation between occurrence and state of barometer, IV, 119. , , fan, direct-acting steam, for ventilation, III, 214.

1 1 gas, method of evacuating, III, 225. , , ventilation, II 399. , , working and ventilating, method of, III, 592. , fire-damp, draining by ventilation, II, 472. , gold, slate and salt, Great Britain, XI, 239. , ventilation, III, 621; new machine for, II, 189; steam jet machine for, III, 615. Mineral aspects, West Riding Coalfield, VI, 113. produce, Yorkshire, statistical returns for 1857, III, 696. products, Barnsley, III, 580. springs, Grand Anticlinal, West Riding, VIII, 336. , Halifax parish, I, 148. waters, Askern, XII, 347. , Harrogate, geologically considered, VIII, 319. wealth, Harrogate, VIII, 357. wells, Harrogate, VIII, 313. Minerals, limestone, accompanying formation and destruction, III, 61. , optical characters, new method of study, VII, 5. , Yorkshire Coalfield, as applied to iron manufacture, VI, 137. Mining, coal, ancient, IX, 257. , , economical working, V, 229. , deep, XI, 469; with recent achievements, VI, 163; difficulties, VIII, 395, district, Alston Moor, isometrical projection, I, 25. , explosives used, IX, 147. , extension under Permian, VIII, 89. , lead, Yorkshire, III, 657. , wire rope as substitue for hemp, I, 390.

Mirk Fell Beds (Namurian, E2), Tan Hill, XXIV, 259. Molecular change, wrought iron, from vibration and concussion, II, 14. Mollusca, fossil, Yorkshire. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 47

Monghton Fell, Ribblesdale, junction of Silurian and Carboniferous, VI, 309. Monuments, prehistoric, Brittany, V, 85. --, runic, Northumbria, V, 178. Moorlands, East Yorkshire, distribution as explained by Glacial history, XIII,400. Moraine, shelly, Sefstrom Glacier, Spitzbergen, XVII, 216. Mortality, West Riding, causes of different rates, II,200. Mosaic pavement, Romano-British, Aldborough, representing Romulus and Remus, IV, 593. Moss, Dimlington, in boulder-clay, XXIV, 219. Mount Sorrel, syenite, artifically fused and cooled slowly, IV, 301. Mowbray, Vale of, drift deposits, XI, 77. Muir Glacier, Alaska, IX, 57. Mummy, remarkable, Museum of Leeds Phil. and Lit. Soc., IV, 213. Museum, Driffield, history, XIV, 88. Mytholmroyd, drift deposits, XIV, 231.

N. Namurian, Alport Dale, Derbyshire, XXV, 142. --, goniatites, Crauenoceratoides bisati Hudson, and Ct. lirife«, XXV, 375. --, Lower, North Staffordshire, XXV, 318. --, Lower Reticuloceras goniatite succession, North England, XXIV, 383. --, Mirk Fell Beds, Tanhill, XXIV, 259. Natural history, Barnsley, III, 580. Nautiloids, Carboniferous, four new to Great Britain, XVII, 97. Nautilus rasasoni, notice of discovery, II, 182. Neasham, Darlington, skeleton of elk, ceruus aloes, XXIV, toO. New Redstone, West Riding, agriculture geologically considered, 1,46. Newcastle to Carlisle, Vallum, relation to Roman Wall, XIII, 282. Newton Dale, overflow channel, XV, 446. Nidderdale, geology, XII, 294. --, Glacial geology, XXII, 215. --, Millstone Grit and Yoredales, XX, 226. --, trilobite, Carboniferous, Angram, XVI, 84. Nodules, Magnesian Limestone, singular, XII, 245. Nomenclature, local, South Yorkshire, as derived from Saxon Settlements, IV, 446. Norber, Clapham (Yorkshire), erratics, VII, 266. Norfolk, Chalk, Red, polyzoa and microzoa, XI, 363. North Atlantic Region, geological history, XXI, 301. -- Cave, Oolite, agricultural geology, I, 207. -- Cleveland, glaciation, XVI, 372; XXIV, 180. -- England, Beyrichoceras zone, XXII, 280. ----, goniatites, Carboniferous, XX, 1. ----, Lower Reticuloceras succession, XXIV, 383. -- Humberland, south, ancient battlefields, V, 57. ----, south, Roman Occupation, IV, 664. -- Lancashire, polyzoa, Yoredales, IX, 70. -- Nottinghamshire, Middle Permian Marls, XXIII, 282. --Staffordshire, Upper Visean and Lower Namurian, XXV, 318. -- Yorkshire, entomostraca, Carboniferous, VIII, 226. ----, foraminifera, Carboniferous, VIII, 226. ----, polyzoa, Carboniferous, VII, 329. Northallerton, blowing wells, near, VII, 409. Northamptonshire, Thrapston, Cornbrash polyzoa, XII, 247. Northeast Ireland, Mesozoic rocks on coast, XI, 53. -- Yorkshire, Dogger horizons, XXII, 122. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

48 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Northeast Yorkshire, Jurassic differential earth movements, XIX, 383. , raised beaches on coast, VIII, 221. Northumberland, Southeast, sandstone beds, oscillation of currents drifting, III, 232. Northumbria, runic monuments, V, 178. Northumbrian Fault Block, post-Carboniferous movements, XXI, 1. Northwest England, Mid-Visean succession, XXIV, 60. , red beds at base of Carboniferous, VI, 57. Yorkshire, junction lower Carboniferous and Millstone Grit, XX, 257. , Upper Vis^an zaphrentoid fauna, Yoredales, XXV, 101. , waters, underground, XIV, 1; XV, 248. Norwegian Rhomb-porphyries, Holderness boulder-clays, XIII, 279. Norwich, skull of dog from alluvial gravels, III, 538. Nostell, Wakefield, Coal Measures, XXV, 175; plants, XXV, 176. , quartzite boulders in Stanley Main Coal, XXV, 140. Nottinghamshire Colfield, flora, XVII, 132. , limits as determined by Carboniferous differential earth move• ments, XV, 372. , diluvial and gravel beds. III, 244. , North, Middle Permian Marls, XXIII, 282.

Oatland, complex, igneous rocks, Isle of Man, XVII, 110. Obsidian, black, chemical distinction from black blast furnace slag, VII, 274. Octon, supposed Roman camp, XI, 457. Oolites, ironstones, Yorkshire, III, 394. , Lower, Yorkshire, XVII, 184. , Millepore, displacement, South Cave, XIX, 395. , sections, Yorkshire, XII, 170. , Upper and Middle, correlation and facies in England and Northwest France, XIX, 272. Optical characters of minerals, new method of study, VII, 5. Ore deposits, Skiddaw, XXIV, 328. Organic bodies, silicification, II, 308. Ornaments, personal, primaeval inhabitants, British Islands, IV, 310. Orthoceras, Millstone Grit, VII, 82. Ostracacanthus dilatatus (Gen. et sp. nov.}, fish, Coal Measures, Halifax, VII, 191. Oswaldkirk, artesian well, XIX, 284. Outlet-gorges, West Riding, origin, V, 130. Ouse, river terraces, XXIV, 245. Valley, Lower, alluvial strata, VI, 214. Overflow channel, Newton Dale, XV, 446.

Palaeobotany, British, advances in, XIII, 43. Palaeozoic, Lower, Craven district, VII, 397. , polyzoa, classification, XI, 20. , , ctenostomatous, British, XII, 74. Palestine, geology, VIII, 174. Paper, manufacture, raw materials for, III, 387. Pateley Bridge, Carboniferous sequence, XVI, 75. Peat, applied to manufacture, agriculture, etc., Ill, 339. , boring, Todmorden, XXIV, 165. , Stokesley, XIV, 49. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 49

Pebbles, limestone, impressed, illustrating new principle in chemicalgeology, IV, 458. Pendle Hill, Beyrichoceras zone, upper limit, XXIII, 25. ----, geology, XIV, 178. Pendleside Limestones, fish, XIV, 465. Pennine Chain, ancient forest, vestiges, VII, 368. -- System, characters of Carboniferous, XIV, 422. Pennines, Central, Carboniferous succession, XXI, 228. --, Glacial retreat stages, correlation across, XXII, 199. --, Southeast Coalfield, framework, XXIII, 39. Permian, borings, around Hartlepool, XXIV, 313. --, conglomerate, Markington, XII, 72. --, Doncaster district, XXII, 133. --I Middle, Yorkshire, XX, 215. --,--Marls, South Yorkshire and North Nortinghamshire, XXIII, 282. -- Limestone, unconformability to Red Rocks, west of its escarpment, Central Yorkshire, VI, 280. --, Lower, Conisborough, Ashfield brick and tile works, XIX, 289. --, polyzoa, Yorkshire, monograph, Xl, 68, 184. --, Ripon, sequence near, VIII, 218. --, subsidences over boundary, Hartlepool to Ripon, VII, 342. --I under, extension of mining, VIII, 89. Petrification, process, II, 305. Petrography, Carstone, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, XX, 349. --, Jurassic sandstones, Eskdale, XXII, 93. --,--sediments, Yorkshire, XXII, 188. Petrology, boulders, East Yorkshire, Xl, 300. --,--, larger, beach south of Flamborough Head, XI, 409. --, experimental, XV, 463. --, Lake District, principal publications, XIV, 494. --, Yorkshire, IX, 372; XI, 311. Phillips, John, biographical notes, VIII, 3; presidential address on, XXII, 153. Phosphorescence, Atlantic, observations on, II, 287. Phyllopoda, sacocaris, new genus, Lingula Flags, IV, 588. Pickering, glacial deposits near, XV, 443. --, Vale of, lake-dwellings, XIII, 21. Pig iron, manufacture in blast furnaces, effects of aqueous vapour in atmosphere, I, 19. --, strength of various qualities and makes, experiments on, I, 191. Pillar Stones, origin and use of, IV, 630. Pit-dwellings, British, Doncaster neighbourhood, V, 246. Pits, natural, near Ripon, V, 2. Planets, rotation of, IV, 205. Plant, Carboniferous sandstone, near Leeds, IV, 304. Plants, Coal Measures, Nostell, Wakefield, XXV, 176. --, Dursfield quarries, Barnsley, VII, 162. Platforms, erosional, high-level, Cumberland and Furness, XXIII, 159. Pleistocene deposits, East Anglia, XV, 315, 436. marnmalia, British Isles, bearing upon date of Glacial Period, XX, 325. --, Yorkshire, IV, 502. -- Strand Line, Vale of York, XXIII, 103. Pleuromya, species from Rhaetic and Lower Lias, XIX, 51. navicula. new species, Yorkshire Lias, IX. 54. Plumpton, Cliff, V, 130; Rocks (photograph), VII, 196. Polyzoa, Carboniferous; North Yorkshire, VII, 329; Derbyshire and West Yorkshire, VIII, 161; Yorkshire, new species and others, VIII, 377; Yoredales, North Lancashire, IX, 70; monograph, Yorkshire, XI, 68, 184. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

50 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Polyzoa, Cornbrash, Thrapston, Northamptonshire, Stomatopora and Probos- cina Groups, XII, 247. , Cretaceous, additions, XII, 149. , cyclostomatous, classification, old and new, IX, 346. , Eocene, British, XI, 154; new and little known, XII, 52. , Greensand, Cambridge, IX, 10; XI, 250. , Palaeozoic, classification, XI, 20; British ctenostomatous, XII, 74. , Permian, monograph, XI, 68, 184. , Wenlock Shales, IX, 179. Pontefract, bos primigenius, bones of, V, 39. , geology of coalfield to Bolton-on-Dearne, VI, 108. , present name, how obtained, V, 57. , rocks of neighbourhood, V, 39. Post-Carboniferous movements, Northumbrian Fault Block, XXI, 1. Permian fault, Cusworth, Doncaster, XV, 453. Poteriocrinus, genus and allied forms, IV, 242. Pre-Carboniferous topography, Austwick and Horton, Ribblesdale, XXI, 17. Pressure gauges, improvement in, III, 590. Preston, lake-dwelling, XI, 90. Primitive people, remains, Southeast Yorkshire, III, 465. Proboscina, polyzoa, Cornbrash, Thrapston, Northamptonshire, XII, 247. Pteromya crowcombeia Moore, Rhaetic and Lower Lias, XIX, 51.

Quartzite boulders in Lower Coal Measures, Wortley, Leeds, IX, 405. in Stanley Main Coal, Nostell, Wakefield, XXV, 140. Quaternary climatic cycle, XXIII, 257.

Railway, Driffield and Market Weighton, notes on, XI, 170. , North Midland, geology, I, 138. sections, preservation of records, I, 315. , Skipton to Ilkley, IX, 363.

f Upton to Kirk Smeaton, VIII, 107. Railways, communication, mechanical, for working signals and brakes, II, 505. , locomotion, economy of methods of applying power, II, 313. , wire rope as substitute for hemp, I, 390. Rainfall, intense, Leeds, 19th July, 1891, XII, 94. Raised beach, Redcar, indications of, VIII, 220. —— ——, Saltburn, supposed, XIX, 345. -beaches, Northeast Yorkshire coast, VIII, 221. Randy Mere, Goathland, erratic block, XXV, 234. Raygill Cave and contents, VII, 207. Fissure, exploration committee report, VII, 300; exploration of, IX, 280. Red beds, base of Carboniferous, Northwest England, VI, 57. Red Chalk, polyzoa and microzoa, Yorkshire and Norfolk, XI, 363. Redcar, coast to Scarborough, notes on, XIII, 248. , raised beach, indications, VIII, 220. Relic surfaces, Howgill Fells, XXIV, 152. Remains, mammals, extinct, Aire Valley deposit, III, 482. , prehistoric, Rombalds Moor, IX, 283. , Todmorden, XIII, 444. ______Wensleydale, IX, 175. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 51

Remains, primitive people, Southeast Yorkshire, Ill, 465. --, Roman, Filey, III, 610; XVI, 21. ---, Roman town, Uriconium (Wroxeter). Shrewsbury, IV, 102. Research, scientific, address by Marquis of Ripon, VI, 203. Reticuloceras, Lower (R 1) goniatite succession, North England, XXV, 383. Rhaetic, Pieromya croiocombeia Moore, and species of Pleuromyo. and Volsella, XIX, 51. Rhinoceras bone, Brierton, West Hartlepool, XXIV, 99. Rhomb-porphyries, Norwegian, Holderness boulder-clays, XIII, 279. Rhopololasma, gen. nov., Lower Carboniferous coral, XXIII, 91. Rhythmic succession, Yoredale Series, Wensleydale, XX, 125. Ribblesdale, Austwick and Horton, pre-Carboniferous topography, XXI, 17. --, Monghton Fell, junction of Silurian and Carboniferous, VI, 309. Ring, Anglo-Saxon, found near Driffield, V, 157. Ripon, geology, IV, 555. --, Glacial drift, near, VI, 210. Millstone Grit, Lingula in, west of, IX, 425. --, Permian sequence, near, VIII, 218. --, pits, natural, in neighbourhood, V, 2. --, subsidences over Permian boundary to Hartlepool, VII, 342. River development, problems, XX, 301. -- system, Upper Wensleydale, XXIII, 10. -- terraces, Ouse and Derwent, XXIV, 245. Rocking stones, ethnologically and geologically considered IV, 231. Rod Moor, boring, Millstone Grit, XXII, 254. Roebuck, West Riding, former existence, IV, 146. Roman camp, acton, supposed, XI, 457. --occupation, South North-Humberland, IV, 664. --remains, Filey, III, 610; XVI, 21. roads, Halifax parish, IV, 182. ----, Yorkshire, in use at present day, V, 259. -- town, remains, Uriconium (Wroxeter), Shrewsbury, IV, 102. -- Wall, relation of Vallum to, Newcastle to Carlisle, XIII, 282. Romano-British mosaic pavement, representing Romulus and Remus, Aldborough, IV, 593. Rombalds Moor, geological features, peculiar, V, 221. ----, Millstone Grit, faunal divisions, XXIV, 344. --, prehistoric remains, IX, 283. Rotherham, Coal Measures, IV, 685. Rothwell Haigh, alluvial deposits, XIX, 255. Roulston Scar, stratigraphy, XIX, 285. Rylstonia benecompacta, var. breoisepta, var, n. XXIV, 373.

s. Sabden Shales, Lancashire, Upper Carboniferous goniatite, Crauenoceras daruenonse, sp. nov., from, XXV, 333. Sacocaris, new genus of phyllopoda from Lingula Flags, IV, 588. Safety-lamps, observations, I, 21; new, 11,478; on, IX, 268. -- valve, improved, for steam boilers, III, 218. Salt, borings, Yorkshire, XI, 424. --, circulation of, bearing on geological problems, XIV, 401. mines, Great Britain, XI, 239. Saltburn, raised beach, supposed, XIX, 345. Sandsend, striated surface near, XIV, 484. Santon, Isle of Man, Oatland complex of igneous rocks, XVII, 110. Saxon settlements, South Yorkshire, effect on local nomenclature, IV, 446. Saxonian movements, East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, XXII, 52. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

52 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Scamridge Dykes, Scarborough, lines of small pits on moors, origin of, XIII, 150. Scarborough, coast to Redcar, notes on, XIII, 248. Limestone, ammonites, XVII, 205. , Scamridge Dykes, lines of small pits on moors, origin of, XIII, 150. , Yedmandale, configuration of, III, 169. Seashore, character, effects of faults, XII, 361. Sedimentation, Aalenian, Yorkshire, XXII, 265. Sedgwick, A., biographical notice, VIII, 255. Sefstrom glacier, shelly moraine, XVII, 216. Selby, boring, XVII, 74; deep, XVI, 337. , history and geology, VII, 52. Settle, geological maps, notes on, XX, 153. , geology, XIII, 241. Malham area, some undescribed faults, XVI, 393. Sewerby, cliff, buried, IX, 381. , Infra-Glacial Chalk rubble, land shells in, XV, 91. Shap Granite, biotite, stage in decomposition, XXV, 366. , boulders, southward flow, VII, 60. Sharks, Cretaceous, hybodont and cestraciont, XII, 62. Shearing in argillaceous rocks, microscopical evidence, XXIV, 67. Sheffield, boring, Hallam Head, Millstone Grit, XXIV, 241. , —, Rod Moor, Millstone Grit, XXII, 254. , cutlery trades, supply of raw materials, III, 450. ———, early history, IV, 405. , fossil trees, Lower Coal Measures, Wadsley, VI, 179. ——, springs, temperature of, IV, 40. Shells, Yorkshire Coalfield, I, 200. Shoes, ancient, in peat moss, Austwick Common, V, 162, Shrewsbury, Wroxeter (Uriconium), Roman town remains, IV, 102. Shropshire, Wenlock Shales, palaeontology, IX, 224. Signals, railway, mechanical communication for working, II, 505. Silicification of organic bodies, II, 308. Silkstone Seam, variations and their probable causes, VI, 68. Silkworm, feeding, suggested introduction of teazle plant into West Riding, IV, 165. Sills, Howgill Fells, XXI, 59. Silurian, erratics, Wharf edale, VI, 159. , Ingleborough, stratigraphy and palaeontology, XV, 351; XVI, 45. , junction with Carboniferous, Monghton Fell, Ribblesdale, VI, 309. Simpson, Martin, and his geological memoirs, XIX, 298. Simonseat Anticline, Millstone Grit succession, XXIII, 319. Sinkings, accounts, preservation of, I, 315. Skeleton, human, in peat moss, Austwick Common, V, 162. Skiddaw, ore deposits, XXIV, 328. Skipton Anticline, slumping in Embsay Limestone, XXV, 239. —— ——, unconformity, Mid-Carboniferous, XXIII, 30. , lead veins, VIII, 63. , railway to Ilkley, sections, IX, 363. Slag, black, blast furnace, chemical distinction from black obsidian, VII, 274. Slate mines, Great Britian, XI, 239. Slumping, contemporaneous, Embsay Limestone, Skipton, XXV, 239. Smith, William, his maps and memoirs, XIX, 75; and the Hackness quarries, XXIV, 26; and his work, XXV, 1. Sodium chloride, presence in certain glacial clays, Holderness, XXV, 236. Soil, fertility or barrenness, indications for judging, II, 139. Sound, produced by vibration, II, 230. South Cave, Oolites, agricultural geology, I, 207.

. __ 1 Millepore, displacement, XIX, 395. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 53

South Craven, system of anticlinals, IV, 577. Lancashire, Middle Coal Measures, correlation with Burnley Coalfield, XXV, 359. —— Staffordshire Coalfield, basaltic formation, III, 691. Yorkshire, coalfield, Silkstone and Barnsley Seams, variations and probable causes, VI, 68. —, Middle Permian Marls, XXIII, 282.

. ( Millstone Grit, structure and origin, III, 669. , Saxon settlements, effect on local nomenclature, IV, 446. Southeast Pennines, Coalfield, framework, XXIII, 39. -—— Yorkshire, remains of primitive people, III, 465. Spar, Mother Shipton's Cave, Knaresborough, composition, XIII, 284. Speeton, ammonites, XVI, 101. Clays, review of, XX, 1. Spirangium carbonarium (Schimper), note on, IX, 53. Spitzbergen, phenomena illustrative of British glacial conditions, XVII, 216. Sponges in Carboniferous lagoon deposit, XXI, 181. Spring, Malham, intermittent, VII, 186. water, action on lead, case of, II, 162. Springs, mineral, Grand Anticlinal, West Riding, VIII, 336. , , Halifax parish, I, 148. -, Sheffield, temperature of, IV, 40. -, water-, relations to manufacture, IV, 122. Staffordshire, North, Upper Visean and Lower Namurian, XXV, 318. ——, South, Coalfield, basaltic formation, III, 691. Stanley Main Coal, quartzite boulders in, Nostell, Wakefield, XXV, 140. Stanley Shale, coprolites in, II, 171. Star, shooting-, remarkable, 2nd April, 1892, XII, 259. , worship, ancient British, indicated by grouping of barrows, XIII, 202. Steam boilers, safety valve, improved, III, 218. —•— engines, water for, analyses, etc., II, 372. — fan, coal mines, better ventilation, III, 214. jet, ventilator for mines, III, 615. , puddling iron by, III, 440. Steel, hardness degrees, and methods of determining qualities, II, 78. , characteristic constituents, remarkable properties, IX, 145. Stokesley, peat deposit, XIV, 49. Stomatopora, polyzoa, Cornbrash, Thrapston, Northamptonshire, XII, 247. Storm, Barden Fell, 3rd June, 1908, effects of, XVI, 383. Stove, gas-, new, III, 168. Strand Line, Pleistocene, Vale of York, XXIII, 103. Striated surface, Filey, XIII, 346; Harden Moor, Bingley, XVI, 1; near Sandend, XIV, 484. Strickland, H. E., biographical notice, XI, 139. Subsidences over Permian Boundary, between Hartlepool and Ripon, VII, 342. Sulphur, proportion in coal, I, 48. Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, Triassic beds, VII, 66. Swaledale, glaciation, XX, 366. Swansea, Ystalyfera Ironworks, use of gas from blast furnaces, II, 481. Switzerland, geologico-archaeological discoveries, IV, 238. Syenite, Mount Sorrel, artifically fused and cooled slowly, IV, 301.

Tanhill, Mirk Fell beds, XXIV, 259. to Alston Moor, stratigraphy, XXIII, 236. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

54 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Tabular Hills, valleys, excavation of, HI, 169. Teesdale, Carboniferous base, VI, 239. Telescope, construction and performances of Earl of Rosses', II, 325. Tenmocheilus derbiensis, sp. nov., XIX, 18. Temperature of springs, Sheffield, IV, 40. relating to growth of wheat, III, 98. Templars, Yorkshire, rise and suppression, IV, 296. Terraces, habitation, East Riding, IX, 221. , river, Ouse and Derwent, XXIV, 245. Tertiary history, East Yorkshire, XXIII, 302. uplift and resultant drainage, Alston Block, XXI, 161. Tetracomlla, Zoanthariarugosa, development and septal notation, XXIII, 68. Thermostat for regulating ventilation, III, 297. Thirsk, tumuli, early British, Hambleton Hills, IV, 488. Thornton in Craven, geology, XVI, 347. Thornwick Bay, Flamborough, photograph, VIII, 103. Thorparch, tumulus, IV, 37. Thrapston, Cornbrash polyzoa, XII, 247. Threkeld, carbonate rock, XIV, 232; xenoliths, XIV, 223. Time, geological, excursus on, XIX, 1. Titanium in blast furnaces, I, 198. Toarcian, comparison between Yorkshire and Cotteswolds, XVII, 209. Todmorden, flint implements on hills, to Marsden, VIII, 70. ——, peat in boring, XXIV, 165. —, prehistoric finds, XIII, 444. ——, stratigraphical succession below Kinderscout Grit, XXI, 47. Topography, pre-Carboniferous, Austwick and Horton, Ribblesdale, XXI, 17. Torquay, bone cave, Kent's Hole, relation of M'Enery's researches to arch• aeology and palaeontology in Britain, IV, 150. Traquairia, notes on, VII, 122. Trees, fossil, Coal Measures, standing upright, II, 186. , , Lower Coal Measures, Clayton, Halifax, photograph, IX, 253. Trias, British, origin, XVI, 1. ——, Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, VII, 66. ——, Vale of York, southern part, VII, 154. Trilobite, Carboniferous, Angram, Nidderdale, XVI, 84. Tumuli, East Yorkshire, ancient, III, 545. , Hambleton Hills, early British, IV, 488. Tumulus, Bridlington, near, IV, 387. ——, Howe Hill, Duggleby, opening of, XII, 215; bones of animals found, XII, 241; further observations, XII, 242. , Thorparch, IV, 37. Tunnel, Channel, notes on visit to, VIII, 213.

U-shaped burrows, Estuarine Sandstone, Blea Wyke, XX, 185; markings, XX, 182. Unconformity, Mid-Carboniferous, in Skipton Anticline, XXIII, 30. Upper Airedale, Carboniferous, physical history, XI, 482. Calderdale, Yoredales and Millstone Grits, XIII, 375. Wharf edale, exploration committee, 1st annual report (1893), XII, 374; report, XIII, 115, 125. Upton, railway to Kirk Smeaton, sections, VIII, 107. Uriconium, Wroxeter, Shrewsbury, Roman town remains, IV, 102. Utensils, primaeval inhabitants, British Islands, IV, 310. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 55 v, Vale of Mowbray, drift deposits, XI, 177. Pickering, lake-dwellings, XIII, 21. York, geology, superficial, XIII,89. --, glaciation, eastern side, XXIII, 54. --,--, final, western limit, XXII, 246. ------, Pleistocene strand line, XXIII, 103. ------, Trias, southern part, VII, 154. Valleys, Tabular Hills, excavation of, III, 169. --, West Riding, remarks on origin, V, 130. Vallum, Newcastle to Carlisle, relation to Roman Wall, XUI, 282. Vancouver Island, Victoria region, glacial phenomena, IX, 57. Vegetables, distinctive characters, II, 394. --, mutual relations with animals, II, 241. Veins, lead, Skipton, VIII, 63. Ventilation, coal mines, for draining fire-damp, II, 472. , --, II, 399. --, colliery, III, 366, 562; IV, 1l0. -- machine for mines, II, 189. --, mines, III, 621. --, relation to colliery disasters, IV, 619. --, thermostat for regulating, III, 297. Ventilator, steam jet, for mines, III, 615. Vermiculite, England, occurrences, VI, 254. Victoria, Vancouver Island, glacial phenomena, IX, 57. Victoria Cave, contents, IV, 45; work and problems of exploration, VI, 77. Visean, Mid-, (Sz-D1) succession, North Derbyshire and Northwest England, XXIV, 60. --, Upper, North Staffordshire, XXV, 318. --,--, zaphrentoid fauna, Yoredales, Northwest Yorkshire, XXV, 101. Volcanic rocks, Cheviot Hills, XIV, 183. Volcanoes, Iceland, XII, 162. Volsella, new species from Rhaetic and Lower Lias, XIX, 51. Voltaic arrangements, comparative economy of, III, 38. -- currents, phenomena of, II, 417. w. Wadsley, fossil trees, Lower Coal Measures, VI, 179. Wakefield, Nostell, quartzite boulders in Stanley Main Coal, XXV, 140. --, Woodnook, British dagger, III, 654. Warter, coins discovered near, III, 495. Washburn, geology, north of Blubberhouses, XII, 294. Water, borings, Yorkshire, XI, 424. --, Dropping Well, Knaresborough, analysis, XIII, 135. --, for steam engines, analyses, II, 372. ---, freezing in red-hot vessels, II, 285. --, Ilkley Spa, analysis, XIX, 14. --, saline, chalybeate, Kissengen, analyses for various years, VIII, 366. --, spring-, action on lead, case of, II, 162. --, springs, relative to manufacture, IV. 122. --, states, peculiar at high temperatures, II,285. --, supply, underground, and river floods, XI, 200. --, underground, Lincolnshire, XII, 22. "Vaters, composition of some Malham, XIV, 45. --, mineral, Askern, XII, 347. --, Harrogate, geologically considered, VIII, 319. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

56 PROC. YORKS. GEOL. SOC. XXVI

Waters, underground, Northwest Yorkshire, XIV, 1; XV, 248. Waves, motions of, as illustrating structure and formation of stratified rocks, III, 372. Weapons, primaeval inhabitants, British Islands, IV, 310. Well, artesian, Oswaldkirk, XIX, 284. • sections, Yorkshire, XIII, 193. Wells, blowing, near Northallerton, VII, 409. , Harrogate, geologically considered, VIII, 319. , mineral, Harrogate, VIII, 313. Wenlock Shales, entomostraca, distribution, IX, 393. ——, palaeontology, Shropshire, IX, 224. , polyzoa, IX, 179. WTensleydale, glaciation, XX, 366. , prehistoric remains, IX, 175. , rhythmic succession, Yoredales, XX, 125. to Grassington, geology, XII, 133. , Upper, river system, XXIII, 10. West Hartlepool, rhinoceras bone from Brierton, XXIV, 99. —-— Riding, agriculture, geologically considered: (1) New Redstone district, I, 46; (2) Magnesian Limestone, I, 91. • , Coalfield, mineral aspects, VI, 113.

( drift; nature, correlation, mode of accumulation, V, 130. — -, escarpments, remarks on origin, V, 130. •— —, implements, bronze, IX, 427. —, mortality in towns, causes of different rates, II, 200. —, outlet-gorges, remarks on origin, V, 130. , roebuck, former existence, IV, 146.

—. > silkworms, suggested introduction of teazle plant for feeding, IV, 165. , springs, mineral, Grand Anticlinal, VIII, 336. ——, valleys, remarks on origin, V, 130. —— Yorkshire, Glacial retreat, periodicity in, XXI, 24. , Ingletonian Series, XVI, 87. , polyzoa, Carboniferous, VIII, 161. Westmoreland, parts of, geology, IV, 565, Wetwang, entrenchments, ancient, XI, 45. Whalley, Millstone Grit, marine bands, XXV, 136. Wharfedale, glaciation, XXII, 9. , Glacial phenomena, Bolton Abbey to Kettlewell, XII, 299; near Grassington, XV, 52. , Millstone Grit, marine bands, XVII, 83. , Silurian erratics, VI, 159. •, Upper, exploration committee, 1st annual report (1893), XII, 374; report, XIII, 115, 125. Wheat, growth in relation to climate and temperature. III, 98. Whernside to Masham, Millstone Grit sequence, XIX, 20. Whitby, Upper Lias, fishes, XIII, 25, 155, 325, 455. White Chalk, Yorkshire, XIII, 65, 171. Williamson, J., biographical notice, VIII, 295. Wire rope, railways and mines, substitute for hemp, I, 390. Wold Dales, origin and formation, VII, 128. Wolds, agricultural geology, parts of, I, 207. , glacier lakes, Yorkshire, XXV, 223. , Yorkshire, notes on, XIII, 171. Woodlesford, alluvial deposits, XIX, 255. Woodnook, Wakefield, British dagger found, III, 654. Worsborough, Barrow Collieries, sections, VII, 111. Wortley, Leeds, boulders in Lower Coal Measures, IX, 405. Wroxeter (Uriconium), near Shrewsbury, Roman town remains, IV, 102. Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021

INDEX OF TITLES OF PAPERS 57

Xenoliths, Threlkeld, Cumberland, XXIV, 223.

Yeadon, Millstone Grit analyses, XXIII, 144. Yedmandale, configuration of, III, 169. Yoredales, Nidderdale, XX, 226. ——, Northwest Yorkshire, Upper Visean zaphrentoid fauna, XXV, 101. , polyzoa, North Lancashire, IX, 70. —, Upper Calderdale, XIII, 375. , Wensleydale, rhythmic succession, XX, 125. York, Glacial phenomena near, XIII, 15. ——, sections, relation to later deposits, VII, 421.

.—_> Vale of, geology, superficial, XIII, 89.

—_j 1 Glaciation, eastern side, XXIII, 54. ———, , , final, western limit, XXII, 246.

1 ( Pleistocene strand line, XXIII, 103. , , Trias, southern part, VII, 154.

Zoantharia rugosa (Tetracoralla), development and septal notation, XXIII, 68. Zaphrentis carruthersi sp. nov., Mirk Fell Beds, XXIV, 290. delanouei, species group, relation with Z, carruthersi, XXIV, 290. Zaphrentoid fauna, Yoredales, Northwest Yorkshire, XXV, 101.