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As 'Ultime Lettere Di Jacopo Ortis', De Ugo Foscolo. Tradução Comentada

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As 'Ultime Lettere Di Jacopo Ortis', De Ugo Foscolo. Tradução Comentada UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE LÍNGUA E LITERATURA ITALIANA As Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis, de Ugo Foscolo Tradução comentada e anotada de seleção da obra Maria Tereza Buonafina São Paulo 2006 2 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE LÍNGUA E LITERATURA ITALIANA As Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis, de Ugo Foscolo Tradução comentada e anotada de seleção da obra Maria Tereza Buonafina Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Língua e Literatura Italiana, do Departamento de Letras Modernas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Orientador: Profª Drª Roberta Barni São Paulo 2006 3 Em memória de minha mãe Rosa Maria 4 AGRADECIMENTOS À Profª. Drª. Lucia Wataghin, minha primeira orientadora; Ao Prof. Dr. Pedro Garcez Ghirardi, quem primeiro me apresentou Foscolo; À Profª. Drª. Roberta Barni, pela orientação e pelas revisões; À Profª. Drª. Marzia Terenzi Vicentini, pelo apoio bibliográfico; A Afonso Teixeira Filho, tradutor e companheiro, pelo estímulo e ajuda na tradução dos versos; À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES, pela ajuda financeira. 5 RESUMO Ugo Foscolo (1778-1827), poeta neoclássico italiano, é considerado uma figura de relevo na Literatura Italiana e universal. Apesar disso, é muito pouco conhecido dos leitores de língua portuguesa. Foi precursor da prosa moderna italiana com um romance epistolar de caráter pré-romântico, Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis, nunca traduzido para o português. O intuito desta dissertação é apresentar o autor ao público brasileiro, por meio desse romance. O trabalho conta com uma análise da obra, acompanhada de uma seleção de cartas traduzidas, comentadas e anotadas, levando em conta os aspectos históricos, literários, estilísticos e temáticos. No capítulo 1, tratamos da vida e obra do autor; em seguida, das Ultime lettere: seu conteúdo e crítica; no capítulo 2, das características do romance epistolar, do seu aspecto formal, dos temas que aparecem no romance, das obras e autores que o influenciaram, e que nele são mencionados; no capítulo 3, do trabalho e das idéias de Foscolo a respeito de tradução; dos critérios adotados nesta dissertação para a escolha e tradução das cartas que se encontram no final do volume. O critério para a tradução das cartas levou em conta idéias sugeridas pelo próprio Foscolo e discutidas no capítulo 3; recorreu-se também a várias edições da obra em italiano, a traduções para o inglês e espanhol, a dicionários especializados e à leitura de autores brasileiros e portugueses contemporâneos de Foscolo, com o objetivo de se produzir um texto que refletisse a linguagem da época. A tradução vem acompanhada de notas que visam esclarecer ao leitor alusões históricas e literárias e problemas textuais do romance. Palavras-chave: Ugo Foscolo; Literatura Italiana; teoria do romance; teoria da tradução; pré-romantismo. 6 ABSTRACT Ugo Foscolo (1778-1827), Italian classical poet, is considered to be an important name in both Italian and universal literature. Nevertheless he is almost unknown to the readers in Portuguese language. He was the precursor of modern Italian prose due to his epistolary novel Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis (Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis), a Pre- Romantic work never translated into Portuguese. The aim of this dissertation is to present, through this novel, the author to the Brazilian reader. It includes an analysis of the novel, followed by a selection of commented and annotated translated letters, considering their historical, literary, stylistics and thematic aspects. In the first chapter we discuss first the author‘s life and work, and then Last Letters: its contents and the critics about it. In the second chapter we discuss the characteristic of the epistolary novel, its formal aspects, the themes inside the novel, the works and the authors that influenced it – and are mentioned in it. In the third chapter, we discuss Foscolo‘s works and ideas on translation, the criterion adopted here to chose and translate the letters in the end of the volume. Our translation criterion is based on Foscolo‘s ideas discussed in the third chapter. We also consulted several editions of the work in Italian, its English and Spanish translations and specialized dictionaries. We have read several Brazilian and Portuguese writers who lived in the same time as Foscolo with the aim of producing a text reflecting the language of Foscolo‘s time. Following the translation there are notes explaining historical and literary allusions or textual difficulties of the novel. Keywords: Ugo Foscolo; Italian Literature; Theory of the Novel; Translation Studies; Pre-Romantism. 7 LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES No final (depois da p. 202) 1. Estampa da edição das Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis, de 1816, com a data falsa de 1814, disponível em <www.studioapuleio.it>. 2. Manuscritos das Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis, disponível em <www.studioapuleio.it>. 3. Colinas Eugâneas, disponível em <www.italianstyle.it>. 4. Retrato de Ugo Foscolo, 1813, por François- Xavier-Pascal Fabre. Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze, disponível em < www.racine.ra.it>. 5. Túmulo de Foscolo em Londres. Cemitério de Chiswick, disponível em <www.findagrave.com>. 6. Monumento fúnebre a Foscolo na igreja de Santa Croce, em Florença, disponível em <www.insecula.com>. 7. ―A morte de Chatterton‖ por Henry Wallis, 1856, disponível em <www- cvr.ai.uiuc.edu>. Arquivos acessados em 20 de novembro de 2006. 8 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO 11 1 UGO FOSCOLO E AS ULTIME LETTERE DI JACOPO ORTIS............ 18 1.1 Foscolo: de Zante a Florença..................................................................... 18 1.2 A história das Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis............................................. 23 1.3 Ultime lettere: tensão entre o amor à vida e atração pela morte................ 26 1.4 A crítica às Ultime lettere.......................................................................... 31 2 AS CARTAS: INFLUÊNCIAS E TEMAS............................................... 33 2.1 O Romance epistolar.................................................................................. 33 2.1.1 Rousseau e Goethe..................................................................................... 37 2.2 Alfieri, Ossian e outras influências............................................................ 40 2.3 Do neoclassicismo ao romantismo............................................................. 47 3 TRADUÇÃO COMENTADA E ANOTADA........................................... 51 3.1 Foscolo e a tradução................................................................................... 51 3.2 Considerações sobre a tradução................................................................. 55 3.3 Cartas selecionadas..................................................................................... 60 1. Al lettore................................................................................................ 60 2. Da' Colli Euganei, 11 ottobre 1797........................................................ 63 3. 13 ottobre.............................................................................................. 66 4. 26 ottobre.............................................................................................. 69 5. 1 novembre........................................................................................... 72 6. 2 novembre........................................................................................... 76 7. 17 marzo............................................................................................... 88 8. 6 aprile.................................................................................................. 99 9. 11 aprile................................................................................................ 102 10. Frammento della Storia di Lauretta...................................................... 105 11. 14 maggio, a sera.................................................................................. 112 12. 2 giugno................................................................................................ 116 13. Lorenzo: A chi legge............................................................................ 119 14. Rovigo, 20 luglio.................................................................................. 126 15. Bologna, 12 agosto............................................................................... 129 16. Firenze, 25 settembre........................................................................... 132 9 17. Milano, 4 dicembre 1798...................................................................... 137 18. Ventimiglia, 19 e 20 febbraio............................................................... 152 19. Rimino, 5 marzo................................................................................... 168 20. 19 marzo (frammenti)........................................................................... 172 21. 20 marzo (frammenti)........................................................................... 176 22. 25 marzo .............................................................................................. 184 CONCLUSÃO........................................................................................... 194 BIBLIOGRAFIA......................................................................................
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