Cooper County, MO Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2012

Cooper County, MO Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012

Prepared by: Mid-Missouri Regional Planning Commission 206 East Broadway P.O. Box 140 Ashland, MO 65010 Phone: (573) 657-9779 Fax: (573) 657-2829 Plan updates available online at www.mmrpc.org

Cover Photos: the original Katy railroad bridge, Boonville, Missouri, during the 1903 Missouri River flood, (Photo source: Friends of Historic Boonville archives)

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...... 1 Prerequisites ...... 3

Section 1: Introduction and Planning Process ...... 4 1.1 Purpose ...... 4 1.2 Background ...... 5 1.3 History of the Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan...... 5 1.4 Participating Jurisdictions ...... 7 1.5 The Update Process ...... 9

Section 2: Planning Area Profile and Capabilities ...... 19 2.1 Geography and Ecology ...... 19 2.2 Climate ...... 23 2.3 History ...... 26 2.4 Natural Hazard History ...... 27 2.5 Demographics ...... 29 2.6 Economy, Industry, and Employment ...... 34 2.7 Transportation and Commuting Patterns ...... 37 2.8 Participating Jurisdictions - Inventory of Assets and Capabilities...... 43 Planning Area/Cooper County ...... 44 Boonville ...... 55 Bunceton ...... 57 Otterville ...... 59 Pilot Grove ...... 61 Wooldridge ...... 63 2.9 Special Districts – Inventory of Assets and Capabilities ...... 64 Levee Districts ...... 64 Overton-Wooldridge Levee District Assets ...... 64 Linneman-Weekly Levee District Assets ...... 64 School Districts Pre K-12 ...... 65 Prairie Home R-V ...... 66

Fire Protection Districts ...... 68 Water Districts ...... 69 2.10 Policy, Planning, and Program Capabilities ...... 70 Legal Authority and Political Willpower ...... 73 Community and Regional Partnerships ...... 74 Non-Governmental and Volunteer Organizations ...... 74 Media ...... 75 2.11 Development Trends ...... 77

Section 3: Risk Assessment ...... 78 Methodology ...... 78 Identification of Hazards...... 78 Profiling of Hazards ...... 79 Vulnerability Assessment ...... 80 3.1 Dam Failure ...... 84 3.2 Drought ...... 96 3.3 Earthquake ...... 103 3.4 Extreme Heat ...... 109 3.5 Flood ...... 114 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) ...... 132 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Repetitive Loss Properties ...... 136 3.6 Land Subsidence/Sinkhole ...... 137 3.7 Levee Failure ...... 141 3.8 Severe Winter Weather ...... 150 3.9 Wildfire ...... 156 3.10 Windstorm, Tornado, and Hailstorm ...... 161 Windstorm...... 162 Tornado ...... 168 Hailstorm...... 173

Section 4: Mitigation Strategy ...... 179 4.1 Hazard Mitigation Goals ...... 179 4.2 Update of Mitigation Actions ...... 180 4.3 Mitigation Goals, Objectives, and Actions ...... 186 Mitigation Actions by Hazard and Jurisdiction ...... 189 Mitigation Actions by Jurisdiction – Cooper County ...... 192 Boonville ...... 193 Bunceton ...... 194 Otterville ...... 195 Pilot Grove ...... 196 Wooldridge ...... 197 Linneman-Weekley Levee District ...... 198 Overton-Wooldridge Levee District ...... 198 Prairie Home R-V School District ...... 199 Mitigation Actions Addressing Compliance with NFIP Requirements ...... 200 4.4 Prioritization, Implementation, and Administration ...... 202 Prioritization of Actions using STAPLEE and Benefit/Cost Reviews ...... 202 Implementation and Administration by Action ...... 209 4.5 Funding Sources ...... 224

Section 5: Plan Maintenance Process ...... 230 5.1 Plan Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 230 5.2 Plan Updating ...... 232 5.3 Integration of Hazard Mitigation into Other Planning Mechanisms ...... 234 5.4 Public Participation in Plan Maintenance ...... 236

Appendix A Adoption Resolutions ...... 237 Appendix B Meeting Agenda Sample ...... 244 Appendix C Sign-in Sheets from Meetings ...... 246 Appendix D Meeting Announcement Sample ...... 255 Appendix E City of Boonville Insurance Statement ...... 257

Executive Summary

The Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan is a multi-jurisdictional plan prepared and written with the participation of Cooper County government and the following Cooper County communities: Boonville, Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove, and Wooldridge.

The communities of Blackwater, Prairie Home, and Windsor Place were notified of the planning process and invited to meetings but have chosen not to participate. The following special districts participated in all aspects of the planning process but have not formally adopted the plan at this time: Linneman-Weekly Levee District, Overton-Wooldridge Levee District, and Prairie Home R-V School District. All other school districts in Cooper County were also notified and invited to meetings, but have chosen not to participate.

The plan profiles twelve natural hazards (dam failure, drought, earthquake, extreme heat, flood, levee failure, land subsidence/sinkhole, severe winter weather, wildfire, windstorm, tornado, and hailstorm) which threaten lives and/or property in some, or all, of the participating jurisdictions. All hazards were evaluated with regard to previous occurrence, probability and severity of future occurrence, existing mitigation strategies, and the potential impact on each jurisdiction.

An overall mitigation strategy was developed through the consideration of potential threats, resources, and willpower available to mitigate their effects. The goals of this mitigation strategy are:

 Goal 1: Mitigation Planning - Mitigate effects of future natural hazards through public and private cooperation.

 Goal 2: Mitigation Policy - Develop policies that limit the impact of natural hazards on lives and property.

 Goal 3: Mitigation Programs - Implement cost effective and feasible mitigation programs to protect lives and property.

 Goal 4: Public Awareness - Increase public awareness of natural hazards.

 Goal 5: Future Development - Promote hazard-proof development.

Specific mitigation actions have been developed and prioritized to further the goals of the overall mitigation strategy in each participating jurisdiction.

The Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan will be formally adopted by each of the participating jurisdictions after a final draft is approved by FEMA. Participation in, and formal adoption of, the plan qualifies a jurisdiction to apply for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) pre-disaster mitigation grants and the mitigation portion of post-disaster mitigation grants.

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 The plan will be updated in five years, as required by FEMA. It will be evaluated and maintained on an annual basis prior to this update. More information on the maintenance process can be found in Section 5.

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 2 Prerequisites

Multi-Jurisdictional Plan Adoption

Requirement For multi-jurisdictional plans, each jurisdiction requesting approval

§201.6(c)(5): of the plan must document that it has been formally adopted.

Adoption resolutions for the participating jurisdictions are included in Appendix A.

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 3 Section 1: Introduction and Planning Process

1.1 Purpose

The Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan is designed as a resource for county and municipal governments, residents, developers, organizations, and others interested in controlling the potentially disastrous effects of natural hazards in Cooper County. Each year natural hazards take a great toll in the United States. Cooper County is not immune; it is subject to numerous natural hazards which can threaten life and property. A well-conceived mitigation strategy, developed through an inclusive and thoughtful planning process, is an important step in protecting citizens and reducing loss.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) defines mitigation as “sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and their property from hazards and their effects.” A 2006 study by the Institute for Building Science found that $4 was saved in post- disaster response and recovery for every $1 spent on pre-disaster mitigation.

The Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan was developed by the communities and citizens of Cooper County, their elected officials and public servants. The process was carried out by identifying the natural hazards that impact Cooper County and its residents, assessing the probability of occurrence and severity posed by each hazard, identifying the most vulnerable areas, and evaluating all possible mitigation actions which might be effective. Potential mitigation actions were assessed and prioritized based on the perceived need, probable outcome, potential for being executed, and benefit related to cost.

The plan was developed in accordance with FEMA’s Mitigation Planning regulations under Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 44, Part 201.6, Local Mitigation Plans. Relevant requirements from CFR §201.6 are highlighted throughout the plan.

Multiple jurisdictions within Cooper County participated in the development of this plan. Having a current and approved hazard mitigation plan makes each of the participating jurisdictions eligible to apply for FEMA pre-disaster mitigation grants and the mitigation portion of post-disaster mitigation grants.

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 4 1.2 Background

Responding to and mitigating for natural disasters has been a subject of increasing focus for the federal government in the past decades.

The process for declaring Presidential Disasters was established with the passage of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974. In 1988, the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act created the organizational framework through which funds and assistance would be provided after a Presidential Disaster Declaration; FEMA was designated to coordinate the relief efforts.

In 1993, FEMA created the Mitigation Directorate to oversee hazard mitigation. This established mitigation as the cornerstone of emergency management.

The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 further defined activities related to disaster relief and mitigation; one of its provisions encourages development of hazard mitigation measures, including land use and construction regulations.

1.3 History of the Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan

In November 2003, a “current and approved” hazard mitigation plan became a FEMA eligibility requirement for local jurisdictions applying for pre-disaster mitigation grants and the mitigation portion of post-disaster grant funds.

Due to this change in FEMA grant requirements, the Missouri State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) contracted with the Missouri Council of Governments for the Regional Planning Commissions to direct hazard mitigation planning for interested counties within their respective regions. Cooper County, a member of the Mid-Missouri Regional Planning Commission (Mid-MO RPC), contracted with the Mid-MO RPC to facilitate the development of a hazard mitigation plan for the county.

A Project Steering Committee was formed to oversee the planning and writing of the original Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan in (2005). The plan was approved by FEMA and adopted by the participating jurisdictions on April 26, 2006.

Maintenance of Hazard Mitigation Plan 2006- 2011

The Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2006 was written to be a working document to guide participating jurisdictions in the county in the work of mitigating potential hazards. To this effect, the plan has been publicly available on the website of the Mid-MO RPC (www.mmrpc.org) since it was approved and adopted in 2006.

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 5 During the ensuing years, the Mid-MO RPC has kept the jurisdictions informed of mitigation grant opportunities through letters, the RPC’s monthly newsletter (The Current), the Mid-Mo RPC website, and announcements at meetings of the RPC. Ten of the mitigation actions decided upon in the original plan have been completed at this time (see Figure 1.3.1). Several other actions are currently being implemented and were retained for the 2011 plan. A full review of the 2005 mitigation actions is included in Section 4.1 of this plan.

The maintenance plan in the original document called for an annual review of the plan by the Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee, facilitated by the Mid-MO RPC. These annual reviews did not take place; lack of a defined time table for the reviews, shortage of time and personnel, and personnel changes all played a role in this omission.

This plan update lays out a clearly defined maintenance process with a timetable for review and concrete tools to be employed in the review. This process is found in Section 5 of the plan.

Figure 1.3.1 Mitigation Actions Completed from Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2005 Priority Rank/ Target Actions Date Outcome Create, Revise, and update Flood Medium/2008 New DFIRM 2011 1.10 Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) Update staff knowledge of earthquake County staff attended Medium/2007 1.16 safety classes and training Encourage Utility Companies to High/Continuing Agreements in place 1.22 maintain right of ways Develop short-term agreements with 1.28 High/2007 Agreements in place local shelters Develop public education hazard 1.30 High/2006 Program is in in place awareness program Establish educational materials for Materials available public regarding earthquakes in Medium/2007 1.31 through EMA Missouri Provide public education materials Materials available High/Continuing 1.33 concerning the dangers of icy roads through EMA Provide educational materials for outdoor workers and school athletic Materials available Medium/2007 1.34 organizations on the dangers of through EMA excessive heat exposure Review emergency access /evacuation Program overseen by Medium/ 2004 (annually) 2.11 routes and mitigate any problem areas. EMA Develop long-term agreements with High/2006 Agreements in place 3.22 local shelters

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 6 1.4 Participating Jurisdictions

Multi-jurisdictional plans…may be accepted, as appropriate, as long Requirement as each jurisdiction has participated in the process….Statewide plans §201.6(a)(3): will not be accepted as multi-jurisdictional plans.

The Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan is a multi-jurisdictional plan. Planners from the Mid-MO RPC (Plan Author) developed the following criteria for a jurisdiction to qualify as a participating jurisdiction:

1. Submission of information regarding capabilities, vulnerable assets, and future development within the jurisdiction 2. Review of a draft of the plan and provision of feedback, if warranted 3. Review of mitigation actions suggested by the Technical Steering Committee for the jurisdiction; prioritization of actions deemed feasible for the jurisdiction based on benefit/cost and time/resources available for implementation and administration 4. Formal adoption of the plan by resolution

The participating jurisdictions in the original plan (2005) and those participating to any degree in the updated plan (2011) are shown in Figure 1.1.1. The chart also tracks the completion of the criteria for inclusion as a participating jurisdiction in the plan. The column on the far right of the chart in Figure 1.1.1 (“2011 Participating Jurisdictions”) indicates those jurisdictions which have completed the above requirements and are requesting approval of the plan prior to formal adoption.

The communities of Blackwater, Prairie Home, and Windsor Place were notified of the planning process and invited to meetings, but have chosen not to participate. All school districts in Cooper County were also notified and invited to meetings, but Prairie Home R-V was the only district that participated in the planning process.

The term “planning area” is used in the plan to indicate, as a whole, all of the jurisdictions which participated in the planning process to any degree.

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 7 Figure 1.4.1 Multi-jurisdictional Plan Participants 2012 Participating Jurisdiction Criteria

2005 2012 2011 Planning Jurisdiction Participating Participating Participation Survey Review of Mitigation Formal Jurisdiction Completed Draft Actions Adoption Jurisdiction Cooper County X x x x x x X Blackwater X Boonville X x x x x x X Bunceton X x x x x x X Otterville X x x x x x X Pilot Grove X x x x x x X Prairie Home X Windsor Place Wooldridge X x x x x x X Prairie Home R-V x x x x X Schools Linneman-Weekly x x x x X Levee District Overton-Wooldridge x x x x X Levee District

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 8 1.5 The Update Process

[The plan shall document] the planning process used to develop the Requirement plan, including how it was prepared, who was involved in the process, §201.6(c)(1): and how the public was involved.

A Hazard Mitigation Plan must be updated and adopted by the participating jurisdictions every five years to be considered current. The update process for the current plan commenced in March 2011; the update was coordinated by planners from Mid-MO RPC (Plan Author) as specified by contract with Cooper County.

Mid-MO RPC planners met and decided on the following general planning process for the update:

1. Initial update of technical data in charts and graphs (e.g. storm history events, population statistics, etc.) by Mid-MO RPC staff 2. Formation of a Technical Steering Committee to prepare preliminary draft of the update and provide input throughout the update process 3. Meetings with Technical Steering Committee to prepare update including decision on/prioritization of mitigation actions for the participating jurisdictions 4. Initial SEMA review of preliminary draft 5. Continuing work by Technical Steering Committee on update of the plan 6. Information gathering from potential participating jurisdictions regarding risks/vulnerabilities in the jurisdictions 7. Incorporation of jurisdictional information into update draft 8. Presentation of update draft to officials of participating jurisdictions, neighboring jurisdictions, the public, interested agencies, businesses, and non-profits 9. Feedback from participating jurisdictions on mitigation actions which they intend to pursue in their jurisdictions 10. Ongoing incorporation of feedback into update draft with continuing review by the Technical Steering Committee 11. Presentation of final draft for public comment before SEMA/FEMA final approval 12. Presentation of the approved plan for participating jurisdictions’ approvals

Technical Steering Committee The Technical Steering Committee was formed with the intention of having a diversity of members who would represent the interests of all participating jurisdictions. Planners from the Mid-MO RPC, which works with communities throughout Cooper County, initiated the formation of the committee and participated in the committee meetings.

The Technical Steering Committee was formed with representatives of Cooper County, city governments, and two levee districts. Four of the five incorporated communities had direct representation on the committee. Additionally, the community of Wooldridge participated in the

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 9 planning process by submitting a survey, reviewing their mitigation goals and actions, and reviewing a draft of the plan. The Technical Steering Committee consisted of the following individuals:

Cooper County Tom White (EMD), Candy Sorrell (Asst. EMD), Commissioner Paul Davis, Commissioner Ernie Walther, Commissioner Eddie Brickner

Boonville Tim Carmichael (Boonville Fire)

Bunceton Wendell Cunningham (Bunceton Fire)

Otterville Traci Schoen (Clerk), Brenda Turpin (Mayor)

Pilot Grove Pete Busalacki (Pilot Grove Police Department)

Wooldridge Kelly Murphy (Chairman of the Board of Trustees)

Overton-Wooldridge Levee District Art Schnuck (Vice-President)

Linneman-Weekley Levee District Jason Linneman (President)

Prairie Home R-V School District Jason Stanoch (Principal)

Other key participants in the area contributed to the planning process. The information received from these participants was invaluable to the update of the Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan. These participants include:

 Tom Watring, Cooper County Road and Bridge  David Gehm, Cooper County Fire Protection District  Melanie Hein, Cooper County Health Department

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 10 In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the Requirement effects of natural disasters, the planning process shall include:

§201.6(b): (1) An opportunity for the public to comment on the plan during the drafting stage and prior to plan approval; In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters, the planning process shall include: (2) An opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional Requirement agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, and agencies that §201.6(b): have the authority to regulate development, as well as businesses, academia and other private and non-profit interests to be involved in the planning process;

Public Meetings for Comment and Input

Two meetings were held for public comment and input on the update of this plan. The first meeting was held during the drafting stage and the second prior to the plan being submitted for approval by FEMA. Public notice was given for the meetings in accordance with Missouri’s “Sunshine Law” (Revised Statutes of Missouri 610.010, 610.020, 610.023, and 610.024.) The meetings were also announced through various media outlets.

First Public Meeting

The first public meeting was held on August 18th, 2011 at the Emergency Operations Center in Boonville, MO. The public was invited to attend and provide input and discussion in the update process. A presentation was given on the process of the update and the importance of Hazard Mitigation planning. Another presentation was given on the plan itself, with information on where to read a copy of the draft and how to contact the Mid-MO RPC planners. An agenda sample, sign-in sheets, and meeting announcement sample are located in Appendices C, D, and E respectively.

Media releases and announcements were posted through the following outlets:

 KWRT 1370 AM – Announcement of public meeting was posted August 11th, 2010.

 Boonville Daily News Community Events Calendar - Announcement of public meeting was submitted to be included in the weekend edition prior to the meeting date.

 Mid-Missouri Regional Planning Commission office - Announcement of public meeting was posted for public viewing on August 11th. The announcement was visible to all public traffic in accordance with Missouri’s “Sunshine Law”.

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 11  Announcements were sent to all participating jurisdictions to distribute and post in their respective communities and departments including:

o Cooper Emergency Management o Cooper County Commission o Cooper County Public Health Department o Cooper County Road and Bridge Department o Prairie Home R-V School District o Boonville R-I School District o Blackwater R-II School District o Cooper County R-IV School District o Otterville R-VI School District o City of Pilot Grove o Village of Wooldridge o City of Boonville o City of Blackwater o City of Bunceton o City of Otterville o City of Pilot Grove o City of Prairie Home o Village of Windsor Place o Village of Wooldridge o Overton-Wooldridge Levee District o Linneman-Weekly Levee District

 Announcements were also sent to all Region F RHSOC (Regional Homeland Security Oversight Committee) Emergency Management Directors (EMD) and Coordinators (EMC). This announcement included a news release for posting and a letter stating the upcoming planning process that would be coming to those counties in the future. The following county’s EMDs received the announcement:

o Audrain County o Boone County o Callaway County o Camden County o Cole County o Cooper County o Gasconade County o Howard County o Miller County o Moniteau County o Montgomery County o Morgan County o Osage County

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 12 Second Meeting/Open House for Public Comment and Input

The second public meeting was held on November 10th, 2011 at the Emergency Operations Center in Boonville, MO. The public was invited to attend and provide input and discussion in the update process. A presentation was given on the process of the update and the importance of Hazard Mitigation planning. Another presentation was given on the plan itself, with information on where to read a copy of the draft and how to contact the Mid-MO RPC planners. An agenda sample, sign-in sheets, and meeting announcement sample are located in Appendices C, D, and E respectively.

Media releases and announcements were posted through the following outlets:

 KWRT 1370 AM – Announcement of public meeting was posted November 2, 2011.

 Boonville Daily News Community Events Calendar - Announcement of public meeting was submitted to be included in the weekend edition prior to the meeting date.

 Mid-Missouri Regional Planning Commission office - Announcement of public meeting was posted for public viewing on November 2, 2011. The announcement was visible to all public traffic in accordance with Missouri’s “Sunshine Law”.

 Announcements were sent to all participating jurisdictions to distribute and post in their respective communities and departments including:

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 13

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 14 Technical Steering Committee Meetings

Regular meetings of the Technical Steering Committee were held from March 2011 thru November 2011. A brief summary of each meeting is shown in Figure 1.1.2. Sign-in sheets for each meeting are included in Appendix D.

Figure 1.1.2 Technical Steering Committee Meetings Meeting Meeting Agenda Date

This meeting was the initial meeting for the plan update. The group was given a presentation by Mid-MO RPC Staff about the update Meeting No. 1 process. The group discussed possible changes to goals, objectives, and 3/24/2011 actions. Actions related to specific hazards will be discussed at subsequent meeting.

Review and editing of mitigation actions pertaining to Flood and Levee Failure. Overview of NFIP. Committee was introduced to the Meeting No. 2 STAPLEE prioritization method and Benefit/Cost. Probability and 4/7/2011 Severity was assessed by guidance from the State Hazard Mitigation Plan. Review and editing of mitigation actions pertaining to Dam Failure, Earthquake, and Land subsidence/Sinkholes. Committee rated actions Meeting No. 3 using the STAPLEE prioritization method and Benefit/Cost. 4/21/2011 Probability and Severity was assessed by guidance from the State Hazard Mitigation Plan. Review and editing of mitigation actions pertaining to Severe Winter Weather, Tornado, Hailstorm, and Windstorm. Committee rated Meeting No. 4 actions using the STAPLEE prioritization method and Benefit/Cost. 5/19/2011 Probability and Severity for each hazard was assessed by guidance from the State Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Review and editing of mitigation actions pertaining to Drought, Extreme Heat, and Wildfire. Committee rated actions using the Meeting No. 5 6/2/2011 STAPLEE prioritization method and Benefit/Cost. Probability and Severity was assessed by guidance from the State Hazard Mitigation.

All School districts in Cooper County were invited to a special meeting Educators to review their options in regard to participation in the planning 7/16/2011 Meeting process. Representatives will communicate via email and phone on the creation of any new actions.

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 15 Summary of Update of the Plan

The Technical Steering Committee decided that each section of the original plan needed to be updated. The original plan was written early in FEMA’s interpretation of the requirements for Hazard Mitigation Plans. The current guidance, Local Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance, was published in July 2008. A restructuring of the plan seemed appropriate to fulfill the current interpretation of FEMA requirements in a clear and cohesive manner.

The Technical Steering committee also changed the name of the plan to be in accordance with other county documents and plans.

Given the structural changes, the updated plan’s organization is:

Table of Contents Executive Summary Prerequisites Section 1: Introduction and Planning Process Section 2: Planning Area Profile and Capabilities Section 3: Risk Assessment Section 4: Mitigation Strategy Section 5: Plan Maintenance Process Appendices

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 16 The plan was also restructured from its original organization to promote readability and flow. A general description of changes and updates made to the plan are shown in Figure 1.1.3.

Figure 1.1.3 General Review and Update of Plan by Section Pages Description Revised (Original Plan) Section 1: Introduction Moved some material from Section 1 to more appropriate sections in the plan. Added some material and reorganized according to the following subsections: Purpose, Background, History of the Cooper Natural Hazard Yes 5-15 Mitigation Plan, Participating Jurisdictions, and The Update Process. Material on Plan Monitoring was moved to a new Section in updated plan (Section 5: Plan Maintenance Process).

Section 2: Community Profile Removed and updated community profiles. Updated all charts and graphs to reflect more recent data. Yes 16-34 Historic properties and the NFIP information were moved to Section 3. Subsection titles were changed and some were merged and/or eliminated.

Section 3: Risk Assessment Reviewed all charts and graphs and updated with current information, as necessary; edited text to reflect new information; changed rating system of each natural hazard to "Measure of Probability and Severity" using the same rating system as in the Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan 2010. Yes 35-99 Reorganized hazard profiles and made specific changes to each hazard profile to make the plan a more relevant and useful document. Removed all vulnerability assessment charts to update data and reformat per FEMA guidelines.

Section 4: Capability Assessment Yes 122-134 Section removed entirely: Capability Assessment moved to Section 2.

Section 5: Mitigation Goals and Strategies Updated the Mitigation Goals, Objectives, and Actions to reflect decisions made by the Technical Steering Committee and participating jurisdictions; Yes 135-149 added documentation of changes to Mitigation Actions; added mitigation action matrix for each participating jurisdiction. This section is Section 4 in the update. Section 6: Plan Maps Removed all maps; numerous new maps created and placed in the new Yes 150-158 Section 2. Appendices Yes 157-181 Replaced appendices with appropriate ones for update.

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 17 In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the Requirement effects of natural disasters, the planning process shall include:

§201.6(b): (3) Review and incorporation, if appropriate, of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information.

Many existing plans, studies, and reports were consulted in the development of this plan. These include:

 Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2010), State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA)  SEMA Situation Reports (http://sema.dps.mo.gov/SitReps/Situation%20Reports.htm)  Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy for the Mid-MO Region (2009)  Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP), Missouri Department of Transportation  Regional Transportation Plan (2009), Mid-MO Regional Planning Commission  Atlas of Missouri Ecoregions, Missouri Department of Conservation  Missouri Drought Plan (2002), Missouri Department of Natural Resources

Section 1 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 18 Section 2: Planning Area Profile and Capabilities

2.1 Geography and Ecology

Cooper County is located in central Missouri with an area covering 570 square miles. It is approximately midway between Kansas City to the west and St. Louis to the east.

The county is bordered on the north by the Missouri River, which separates it from Boone and Howard counties, on the west by Saline and Pettis counties, on the southwest by Morgan County, and on the south and southeast by Moniteau County

The county is located in the northern part of the Ozark Highlands. The Atlas of Missouri Ecoregions, published by the Missouri Department of Conservation, describes the Ozark Highlands as

a distinctive biogeographic region that includes most of southern Missouri and much of northern Arkansas and small parts of Illinois, Oklahoma, and Kansas. Geologically, the Ozark Highlands is a low structural dome of essentially horizontally bedded strata that has been undergoing erosion and weathering for a quarter billion years into a thoroughly dissected plateau.

The Ozark Highlands is very diverse biologically and geographically with rugged hills, prairies, savannas, and open woodlands. The predominant underlying bedrock is carbonate (limestone and dolomite), giving rise to karst topographic features such as caves, underground streams, and sinkholes. Natural springs provide an abundance of fresh water in many areas.

The land area of Cooper County falls mainly into four different subsections of the Ozark Highlands. These subsections are distinguished by differing landforms, soils, and vegetation (see Figure 2.1.1). In turn, these subsections give rise to differences in land use patterns, conservation needs, and vulnerability to certain natural hazards. In addition to the dominant Ozark Highlands Ecoregion, a small amount of land area in the southeastern and northeastern portion of the county falls into subsections of the Central Dissected Till Plains Ecoregion and the Osage Plains Ecoregion.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 19 Figure 2.1.1

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 20 The following information summarized from the Atlas of Missouri Ecoregions gives brief descriptions of the land types found within the Ozark Highlands subsections in Cooper County.

Inner Ozark Border This subsection constitutes a small portion of the southwestern corner of the county around the Moniteau River. It consists of dissected plains and hills with local reliefs averaging 100-150 feet. Historically, the area was largely oak savanna, woodland, and forest with frequent glades and small prairie openings. Currently, the area consists of row crops, pasture, second growth forests, and overgrown glades.

Missouri River Alluvial Plain This subsection, consisting of the Missouri River channel and its adjoining alluvial plain, is found along the northern border of the county. Soils are deep and loamy and the area is subject to riverine flooding. Historically, the vegetation was typical bottomland species such as cottonwood, willow, sycamore, silver maple, elm, and hackberry.

Prairie Ozark Border This subsection extends from the south and into the central part of Cooper County. This subsection is a high, smooth plain with less than 100 feet of local relief. The underlying strata are limestone and dolomite and the area is blanketed with loess. This area is transitional between the wooded hills of the Ozarks and the open plains to the west; historically, it was mostly prairie with trees alongside streams. Currently, the land is mostly pasture with some significant tracts of cropland.

Outer Ozark Border This subsection includes most of the northern and western parts of the county. This area is steep loess-covered hills and bluffs along the Missouri River. The underlying strata are limestone and dolomite. This area is the most rugged bluffland on the southern side of the Missouri River west of the Osage River. Prior to European settlement, oak savanna and woodlands dominated the higher areas and dense oak and mixed-hardwoods were found in the steep-sided limestone ravines. Currently, the uplands are primarily fescue pasture and the ravines are second-growth forests and cedar thickets.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 21 The Missouri River

Figure 2.1.2 Missouri River basin

Source: US Geological Survey

The Missouri River and its relationship to Cooper County deserve special attention. The Missouri River is the longest river in the nation; it measures 2,341 miles long, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. The Missouri River Basin is the second largest watershed in the U.S. and touches nine states and a small portion of Canada. It is the defining physical feature in Mid- Missouri and forms the northern border of Cooper County. The river drains approximately one sixth of the United States and is only a few hundred miles from its confluence with the Mississippi River at St. Louis when it flows through mid-Missouri. The location of population centers close to the river in Cooper County has meant significant flooding damage in the county in the recent past (see Section 2.4).

In both 1994 and 1995 the Missouri River was listed as one of the “10 Most Endangered Rivers in the Country” by American Rivers, a river conservation group (http://www.americanrivers.org/). This “Most Endangered” list does not reflect the rivers in the worst condition; rather, it seeks to highlight rivers “confronted by decisions in the coming year that could determine their future.” The Missouri River was chosen for the list in the mid-1990s because of dam, channelization, navigation, and agricultural runoff issues.

Flood control structures, power plants, and other engineering projects have profoundly changed the course of the river since Lewis and Clark first traversed it in the early 1800s. In recent years debates over the future of the Missouri River have taken place among the seven states through which it runs. Commercial river traffic, recreational use, environmental concerns, managing river levels to comply with the needs of endangered species, and the preservation of sacred and historical sites along the river and floodplain are all issues which make the management of the river a sensitive balancing act.

The State of Missouri, located at the mouth of the river, feels the impact of river management decisions further upstream. Likewise, Cooper County feels the impact of whatever decisions are made by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the overseer of the river, concerning the river.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 22 Public Land

There is more than 13,736 acres of public land in the planning area. These areas are owned and managed by state and federal agencies (see Figure 2.1.3).

Figure 2.1.3 State or Federal Public Land Name Responsible Agency Acres Blackwater Bridge Access Missouri Department of Conservation 5 De Bourgmont Access Missouri Department of Conservation 3 Harriman Hill Access Missouri Department of Conservation 37 Lamine River CA Missouri Department of Conservation 5977 Prairie Home CA Missouri Department of Conservation 1461 Roberts Bluff Access Missouri Department of Conservation 7 Swinging Bridge Access Missouri Department of Conservation 25 Taylors Landing Access Missouri Department of Conservation 10 Overton Bottoms North Unit US Fish and Wildlife Service 2549 Overton Bottoms South Unit US Fish and Wildlife Service 3662 (Cooper and Moniteau counties) Katy Trail State Park Missouri Department of Natural Resources ~ 25 Miles (Cooper County Section)

Source: Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC), Missouri Spatial Data Server(MSDIS)

2.2 Climate

Cooper County, like the rest of the state of Missouri, has variable weather patterns and extremes of temperature. With its central continental location, Missouri receives air masses bringing weather from all directions.

Warm humid air from the Gulf of Mexico can bring moisture year round and is the principal source of precipitation in the spring, summer, and fall; in contrast, air from other directions may be hot and dry (southwest), warm and dry (west), cold (northwest and north), cool and moist (northeast). The flow from the different source regions typically changes in a matter of days, giving rise to the commonly heard expression in Missouri, “If you don’t like the weather, wait a day.”

At times, the flow of air from one of the source regions will settle in and persist for weeks or months. These periods are associated with particular upper air flow patterns and associated surface conditions.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 23 The Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan quotes Dr. Grant Darkow of the University of Missouri - Department of Atmospheric Science on the importance of understanding these weather patterns:

“The persistence of these weather patterns and the possible resulting condition is the subject of several of the natural disasters discussed in this study. Specifically, floods, droughts, fires, heat waves, severe cold, and winter storms can be the result of the persistence of one of these weather patterns, whereas tornadoes can represent the outgrowth of rapid shifts in weather patterns. Knowing these patterns may assist in alerting disaster planners and the general public to the possibility of a developing emergency situation.”

While Cooper County does have extreme variations in weather at times, there is a relative pattern of temperature and rainfall consistent with a humid continental climate (see Figures 2.2.1 and 2.2.2). The data shown in the charts was collected at the Boonville weather station in the years 1961-1990. The rainfall data showed an average of 43.5” of rainfall per year; average rainfall in this data set is defined as including precipitation of any form.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 24 Fig. 2.2.1 24-hr. Average Temperature in Cooper County F 1961-1990 90 80 70 60 50 40 °F 30 20 10 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Source: http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N38W092+1302+230817C

Fig. 2.2.2 Average Rainfall in Cooper County, 1961-1990 6

3 inches 2

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Source: http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N38W092+2200+230817C

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 25 2.3 History

According to the official Cooper County website, the County was organized in 1818 and is named after brothers Sarshall and Benjamin Cooper, local frontiersmen. Cooper County had previously been part of Howard County, which now lies north of the Missouri River. The county, when first formed, encompassed a large area which has subsequently been divided into 15 counties. Boonville became the County Seat and is now the largest community in Cooper County. There are eight incorporated communities in the county including: Blackwater, Boonville, Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove, Prairie Home, Windsor Place, and Wooldridge. In addition to these communities there are several unincorporated communities including, but not limited to: Bellair, Clifton City, Lamine, Overton, and Pleasant Green.

Originally home to the Osage and other groups of indigenous people, white settlers from Kentucky and Tennessee began settling the area around 1816. With these white settlers came their southern culture and lifestyles including large plantations and slavery. By the mid 1800’s Cooper County along with several other counties along the Missouri River became a thriving agricultural area known as “Little Dixie”. Cooper County and the surrounding area produced such crops as hemp, tobacco, and cotton. The area was also home to several Civil War battles.

Cooper County still maintains its agricultural roots and promotes tourism of its rich historical heritage.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 26 2.4 Natural Hazard History

Cooper County has been subject to many natural hazards in the past. Floods, droughts, windstorms, hail, tornadoes, severe winter weather, and extreme heat have all taken their tolls; dam failure has threatened. A brief overview of the more recent natural hazard events in the county will be discussed here; more extensive history will be given with each Hazard Profile in Section 3 of the plan.

Probably the most prominent natural hazard within memory is the Flood of 1993 (see Figure 2.4.1). This flood was devastating to much of Missouri and the Midwest; it took a great toll in Cooper County. According to data from the U.S. Corps of Engineers (http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/flood/fl93home.html), there was extensive damage in varying amounts in the following sectors:

 Agricultural property $10Million to $50Million  Transportation $1Million to $5Million  Public Facilities $500,000 to $1Million  Residential properties $500,000 to $1Million  Commercial Properties $500,000 to $1Million  Utilities $25,000 to $100,000  Emergency Expenses less than $10,000

In addition to the 1993 flood, there have been several other flooding events that have touched the region. Figure 2.4.1 depicts the flood of 1903 and how close the river came to overtaking the original Katy Railroad Bridge.

Figure 2.4.1 Boonville, 1903 – Photo Courtesy of Friends of Historic Boonville

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 27 Estimates of the per capita costs of the 1993 flood for three sectors in the Mid-Missouri Region are shown in Figure 2.4.2. It is important to note that this chart reflects per capita cost and that Cooper County has the fourth largest population in the region.

Figure 2.4.2 Per Capita Costs of 1993 Flood in Central Missouri

Moniteau Howard

Cooper

Cole

Callaway Boone $0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 $700

Public Facilties Commercial Residential Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

The devastating flood of 1993 was followed by floods in 1994, 1995, and 2011. Cooper County was included in Presidential Disaster Declarations for flooding in 1993, 1995, and 2011. Costs pertaining to 2011 flooding was not yet available at the time this plan was being written.

Although the county does not experience severe flooding every year, thunderstorms can be expected annually. In most years there are reports of associated high winds (Windstorms) and Hail someplace in the county. In a seven year period between 1993 and 2000, thunderstorm winds caused $184,000 in property damage. Severe hail was a problem in the springs of 1993 and 2009.

Less frequently, thunderstorms will spawn Tornadoes in the area. Cooper County experienced 16 tornadoes between 1950 and 2010 resulting in $1.6 million in property damage and $50,000 in crop damage. There were no injuries or deaths from these tornadoes, but this is an ever present concern due to the frequency of thunderstorm activity and the potential for formation of tornadoes.

Severe Winter Weather can be expected in Cooper County nearly every year. The county has been included in five Presidential Disaster Declarations for severe winter weather since 2002. A winter storm that brought up to ¾ of an inch of ice in December 2007 caused widespread power outages leaving an estimated 165,000 residents without power in Cooper County and the surrounding counties of Bates, Chariton, Howard, Johnson, Pettis, and Saline. Most recently, in 2011, a series of storms blanketed the region in near record amounts of snow and created blizzard conditions across a large portion of the state. Snow fall on February 1st, 2011 caused the closure of Interstate 70 from Kansas City to St. Louis. Expenses from these storms are in excess of $14 million, according to SEMA.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 28

On the other end of the temperature spectrum, periods of Extreme Heat also commonly occur in the county almost every year. Drought is an ever present possibility; 2000 brought the driest year ever recorded for the county and the State of Missouri.

2.5 Demographics

The county’s population centers on Boonville with nearly half of the county’s citizens residing there.

Cooper County saw an 18% growth rate between the 1990 census and the 2009 American Community Survey estimates. While most workers in Cooper County also live in the county, more than half of residents commute to neighboring counties where they are employed. The City of Columbia in neighboring Boone County is a draw for many residents due to the presence of the University of Missouri, hospitals, manufacturers, and service related employers. The county falls in line with the state percentage for people below the poverty line and has a slightly lower median household income compared to the state. Compared to statistics for the State of Missouri, Cooper County has a much lower population density, similar percentage of high school graduates, and a lower percentage of persons with a college degree.

These statistics reflect the agricultural and rural landscape of the county. Some key demographic statistics for Cooper County and the State of Missouri are shown in Figure 2.5.1. A general map of population characteristics is shown in Figure 2.5.2.

Figure 2.5.1 Demographic Statistics

Cooper County Missouri Total population (2008 estimate) 17,535 5,911,605 Population change (2000-2008 estimate) 5.2% 5.6% Persons per square mile 29.5 81.2 High school graduates (age 25+) 80.3% 81.3% Bachelors degree or higher (age 25+) 13.7% 21.6% Persons with a disability (age 5+) 2,392 973,637 Mean travel time to work (min.) 22.4 23.8 Median household income (2008 estimate) $42,929 $46,847 Persons below poverty level (2008 estimate) 13.5% 13.5% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/29000.html

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 29 Figure 2.5.2

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 30 Racial/Ethnic Demographics

Cooper County has been and is currently a predominantly white non-Hispanic community. White non-Hispanics comprise 92.6% of the population as estimated by the 2005-2009 American Community Survey of the U.S. Census Bureau. This compares to a statewide percentage of 82.1% and a nationwide percentage of 65.9%.

The next largest group in Cooper County is black/African American non-Hispanics at 6.6% of the population. This compares to a statewide percentage of 11.1% and a nationwide percentage of 12.1%.

The estimated racial/ethnic profile of the county is shown in Figure 2.5.3.

Figure 2.5.3

Other Hawaian 0.22% Multi-Racial Hispanic 0.02% 1.72% 1.32%

American Indian Race 0.33% Asian Cooper County 0.44% Source: 2010 US Census

Black 6.86%

White 90.42%

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 31 Income

The median household income in Cooper County ($41,576) is lower than the median household income for the state of Missouri ($48,914), according to the 2008 estimate from the American Community Survey (ACS) of the U.S. Census Bureau.

The distribution of household income and benefits in the county is shown in Figure 2.5.4.

Figure 2.5.4 Household Income and Benefits Income # of Households % of Households Less than $10,000 387 6.2 $10,000 - $14,999 540 8.7 $15,000 - $24,999 889 14.2 $25,000 - $34,999 851 13.6 $35,000 - $49,999 1069 17.1 $50,000 - $74,999 1302 20.9 $75,000 - $99,999 696 11.2 $100,000 - $149,999 412 6.6 $150,000 - $199,999 48 0.8 $200,000 or more 48 0.8 Median household income $41,576 Mean household income $48,914 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-year estimates - http://www.factfinder.census.gov

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 32 Vulnerable Populations

The elderly, children, and the poor are all particularly vulnerable to natural hazards. Over 22% of the county’s population is under the age of 18; over 14% is 65 years and older, according to 2009 estimates from the American Community Survey of the U.S. Census Bureau (see Figure 2.5.5).

Figure 2.5.5

Age Cooper County, MO Source: US Census 2010

65 & over Under 18 9% 13% 50 - 64 11%

35 - 49 11%

18 & over 25 - 34 44% 8%

20 - 24 4%

There is also significant poverty in the county (13.5%), which is even with the state rate (see Figure 2.5.1). The population in the lower income brackets is particularly vulnerable to natural hazards. Poor housing conditions, lack of reliable transportation, and inadequate insurance can all contribute to making the impacts of a natural hazard worse for people living in poverty.

Hazard mitigation planning must take into account the needs of these, and other, vulnerable populations.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 33 2.6 Economy, Industry, and Employment

Cooper County is a rural county that borders two Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA). MSAs are geographic entities defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for use by Federal statistical agencies in collecting, tabulating, and publishing Federal statistics. An MSA consists of a core urban area of 50,000 or more population, the county or counties containing the core urban area, and adjacent counties which have a high degree of social and economic integration with the urban core (as measured by commuting to work).

The City of Columbia in Boone County and Jefferson City in Cole County are the urban cores for the MSAs which, for Columbia, include the counties of Howard to the north and Boone to the east, and for Jefferson City, includes the counties of Callaway, Cole, Moniteau, and Osage.

Figure 2.6.1 depicts the principle types of employment found in the county; the major employers are shown in Figure 2.6.2. It should be noted that over half of county residents commute outside the county for work and those statistics are not reflected here.

Figure 2.6.1

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 34 Figure 2.6.2 Major Employers in Cooper County Employer Employees Employer Employees Isle of Capri 540 Boonville Correctional Center 380 City of Boonville 140 Caterpillar 300 Cooper County 105 Cooper County Memorial hospital 230 Interstate Brands Corporation 100 Boonville R-1 School District 220 Pilot Truck Stop 70 Fuqua Homes 160 C&R Market 70 Nordyne 150 Dave’s Country mart 70 Wal-mart 150 Indeeco 61 Unlimited Opportunities 150 McDonalds 60 Source: Data Provided by City of Boonville, 2010 data

Agriculture

Agriculture remains an important component of the economy in Cooper County even though less than 3% of the population is currently employed in the sector. There are 302,429 acres in farmland in the county according to the 2007 Census of Agriculture from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Of the total farmland, 62% is cropland and 20% is pasture.

Soybeans, corn, and hay are the major crops in the county; poultry, cattle and pigs are the main livestock. Other crops include grain sorghum, grapes, garden vegetables, nuts, fruit, native plants, trees, and shrubs. The total market value for all agricultural products (crops and livestock) sold in 2007 was $82,946,000.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 35 Unemployment Rates

The entire Mid-Missouri Region has lower unemployment rates than the state and nation (see Figure 2.6.3). Cooper County’s unemployment rate usually falls below that of the nation and state, but is higher than that of the region.

Figure 2.6.3

Unemployment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (http://www.bls.gov/lau/)

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 36 2.7 Transportation and Commuting Patterns

Roadways Cooper County, like most of the United States, is heavily dependent upon the personal vehicle and roads. Roads are the dominant transportation arteries in Cooper County, moving most goods and services that flow in and out of the county. The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) takes care of all state and federal roads in the county; Cooper County Public Works maintains roads in unincorporated areas and the various jurisdictions maintain their own roads.

There is one interstate and five state highways in Cooper County (I-70, MO 431, MO 135, MO 5, MO 87, MO 98, and MO 179). Interstate 70 runs east to west across to northern portion of the county through the City of Boonville and is the direct route between Kansas City and St. Louis. MO 5 provides access to the Lake of the Ozarks, a major recreational and tourism area approximately directly to the south of the county.

While many Cooper County residents work within the county, over half commute to neighboring counties (see Figure 2.7.2)

Public Transportation OATS, Inc., a private not-for-profit corporation, was founded by a group of seniors in 1971 as transportation for older citizen. Its current mission is to “provide reliable transportation for transportation disadvantaged Missourians so they can live independently in their own communities.” OATS, Inc. serves a wide diversity of citizens in 87 Missouri counties. In Cooper County, the organization provides transportation between Boonville and the communities of Blackwater, Bunceton, Pilot Grove, and Prairie Home as well as to the City of Columbia in neighboring Boone County. OATS predominantly serves the elderly and disabled, but will serve anyone needing transportation.

Public transportation is not available in any of the communities in Cooper County at this time.

Railroads Passenger Rail While Cooper County does not have a rail station, there is an Amtrak station approximately 48 miles away in Jefferson City that provides passenger service to both Kansas City (and points westward) and St. Louis (and points eastward) via the Missouri River Runner. Two trains traveling in each direction stop daily at the Jefferson City Amtrak Station. The completion of a 9,000-foot rail siding extension just west of California, Missouri in November 2009 increased the on-time arrival percentage of the Missouri River Runner trains from 55-79% in recent years to over 90%, according to the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT). With a better record of on-time arrivals, ridership has subsequently increased about 20%.

Rail Freight A large amount of freight travels by rail through Cooper County. Union Pacific operates tracks through the northern part of the county. According to the Missouri Department of Transportation’s Long-Range Transportation Plan (LRTP), 33 percent of all product movement

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 37 in Missouri is conducted by rail. Kansas City and St. Louis are ranked as the 2nd and 3rd busiest rail hubs in the nation, according to the Missouri Economic Research and Information Center (MERIC).

Air The Jesse P. Viertel Memorial Airport is owned and operated by the City of Boonville and is available for corporate and private planes but does not support commercial services. The Columbia Regional Airport is located 45 minutes away in Boone County south of Columbia. The Columbia Regional Airport is serviced by Mesaba Airlines, a subsidiary of Northwest Airlines. Additionally, Kansas City International Airport and St. Louis Lambert International Airport are approximately 120 miles east and west of Boonville, along I- 70.

Water

The Missouri River and Lamine River both have Missouri Department of Conservation public access boat ramps and several private access boat ramps. Most of these ramps and access points are designed for recreational use and allow access to the Missouri River and all points upstream and downstream. In addition to recreational use boat ramps, there is also a commercial port operated by the Howard/Cooper County Regional Port Authority. The port is located in Howard County on the north side of the Missouri River, directly across from the City of Boonville. According to the Missouri Port Authority, the facility has storage capacity for 250,000 bushels of grain and 4 million gallons of liquid chemicals. The facility is also equipped with two cranes, a dock, two dry storage buildings, several support vehicles, and a 15,000 ton outside storage pad. The port is the only Missouri River public shipping access point between Kansas City and St. Louis. While the facility lies in Howard County, it is an important resource for Cooper County and other counties in the Mid-Missouri Region.

Figure 2.7.1 Howard/Cooper County Regional Port Authority

Source: http://www.missouriports.org/howard.html

Figure 2.7.2 shows the transportation makeup of Cooper County.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 38 Figure 2.7.2

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 39 Commuting Patterns

At the time of the 2000 U.S. Census, less than 50% of Cooper County residents worked within the county (see Figure 2.7.3). The metropolitan area of Columbia in neighboring Boone County provides several employment possibilities through the University of Missouri, hospitals, and service industries.

Figure 2.7.3 Commuting Destinations of Cooper County Workers Location of Work # of Trips % of Total Trips Missouri Counties Cooper 4,539 45.39 Boone 1,482 14.82 Pettis 413 4.13 Moniteau 266 2.66 Howard 145 1.45 Cole 140 1.4 Saline 73 0.73 Jackson 36 0.36 Johnson 30 0.3 Callaway 28 0.28 Morgan 22 0.22 Audrain 18 0.18 Randolph 15 0.15 Wyandotte 13 0.13 Benton 11 0.11 St. Louis 10 0.1 Other counties or states 2,759 27.59 Total 10,000 100 Source: U.S. Census (2000), http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/workflow.html

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 40 County-to-county workflow data from the 2000 Census indicates a significant percentage of workers come from within Cooper County and the neighboring counties of Howard and Boone (see Figure 2.7.4).

Figure 2.7.4 Residence of Cooper County Workers Residence # of Trips % of Total Trips Missouri Counties Cooper 4,539 74.3 Howard 595 9.7 Boone 244 4 Saline 179 2.9 Moniteau 123 2 Morgan 91 1.5 Pettis 74 1.2 Johnson 60 1 Randolph 50 0.8 Cole 34 0.6 Callaway 30 0.5 Greene 21 0.3 Other counties or states 123 1.2 Total 6,163 100 Source: U.S. Census (2000), http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/workflow.html

Commute time for workers residing in Cooper County are the third lowest in the six-county region served by the Mid-Missouri RPC and somewhat lower than the state average (see Figure 2.7.5).

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 41 Figure 2.7.5

Commute Times in Counties of Mid-MO RPC

Howard

Boone

Callaway

Cole Minutes Cooper

Moniteau

Missouri

0 10 20 30

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-year estimates: http://www.factfinder.census.gov

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 42 2.8 Participating Jurisdictions - Inventory of Assets and Capabilities

The Planning Area has many human and material assets at risk from natural hazards. There are also many capabilities in the Planning Area which can be and are used to mitigate the effects of natural hazards. This section profiles both.

In the first part of this section, each participating jurisdiction is profiled according to general organizational structure, assets, and capabilities. Each profile also includes an inventory of structures (including critical structures, building counts, and assessed values), equipment, and population. These inventories provide one of the bases for the Risk Assessment for each hazard in Section 3. As stated in Section 1, the following list includes all participating jurisdictions:

 Cooper County  Boonville  Bunceton  Otterville  Pilot Grove  Wooldridge  Prairie Home R-V School District  Overton-Wooldridge Levee District (also known as Cooper Co. No.1)  Linneman-Weekly Levee District

Section 2.9 gives a more general overview of special districts within the planning area, including; school districts, water districts, and fire protection districts.

Section 2.10 gives an overview of policy, planning, and program capabilities within the Planning Area along with a brief discussion of legal authority and political willpower. Finally, the important roles of community/regional partnerships, non-governmental/volunteer organizations, and media organizations are discussed.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 43 Planning Area/Cooper County

Figure 2.8.1 Cooper County Profile Classification 3rd class county Total population 17,601 Median household income (2008 dollars)* $41,576 Median owner-occupied housing value* $109,400 Total housing units 7,463 Water service Consolidated PWSD #1 and PWSD #1 Electric service Co-Mo Electric Cooperative, Ameren UE Ambulance service Cooper County Fire service Rural and City Departments Master plan No Emergency Operations Plan Currently being rewritten Building regulations No Zoning regulations No Subdivision regulations Yes – overseen through MO DNR Storm water regulations No NFIP participation Yes Floodplain regulations Yes Sources: US Census Bureau; Community Survey * Estimates from surveys conducted in 2006-2008 by the American Community Survey (ACS) of the U.S. Census Bureau; includes entire incorporated and non-incorporated area of county

Website: http://www.coopercountymo.org/

Assessed and Appraised Values

Figure 2.8.2 Cooper County 2010 Assessed Values Agricultural $13,008,870 Residential $87,324,790 Real Commercial $36,837,260 Estate Total $137,170,920 Property Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $3,744,585 State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $24,927,551 Real Estate Property Total $165,843,056 County Assessed Personal Property $53,662,439 Personal Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $1,239,074 Property State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $7,841,471 Personal Property Total $53,662,439 Grand Total $219,505,495 Source: Cooper County Assessor's Office

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 44 Figure 2.8.3 shows Cooper County owned property and replacement costs as stated in the January 2011 insurance statement.

Figure 2.8.3 Cooper County Owned Assets

Source: Naught-Naught Insurance Agency

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 45 Agriculture

Figure 2.8.4 shows value estimates for agricultural land in Cooper County and estimates of crop and livestock production. Since 83% of the land area of Cooper County is farmland, the impact of agricultural losses due to a natural hazard could be a potential threat to the economic stability of the region.

Figure 2.8.4 2007 Cooper County Agricultural Overview Number of Farms 942 Land In Farms 302,429 acres (83% of Cooper County) Market Value of Products Sold $82,946,000 Crop Sales $42,447,000

Livestock Sales $40,499,000 2007 Census of Agriculture, County Profiles; http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Online_Highlights/County_Profiles/

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 46 Critical Facilities

FEMA defines “critical facilities” as all manmade structures or other improvements that, because of their function, size, service area, or uniqueness, have the potential to cause serious bodily harm, extensive property damage, or disruption of vital socioeconomic activities if they are destroyed, damaged, or if their functionality is impaired.

Critical facilities (Figures 2.8.5 - 2.8.7) commonly include all public and private facilities that a community considers essential for the delivery of vital services and for the protection of the community. The adverse effects of damaged critical facilities can extend far beyond direct physical damage. Disruption of health care, fire, and police services can impair search and rescue, emergency medical care, and even access to damaged areas.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 47 Figure 2.8.5

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 48

Figure 2.8.6 Critical Medical Facilities

Federally Qualified Health Centers City Cooper County Memorial Hospital Boonville Nursing Home Facilities Katy Manor Pilot Grove Bristol Manor of Boonville Boonville Lakeview Healthcare and Rehabilitation Center Boonville Ashley Manor Care Center Boonville Riverdell Care Center Boonville Source: Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services Information Technology Services Division

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 49 Figure 2.8.7

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 50 Figure 2.8.8 Cooper County - National Register of Historic Places National Register-listed Property Location Andrews-Wing House , 733 Main St. Boonville Beckett, William S. and Mary, House, 821 3rd St. Boonville Blackwater Commercial Historic District Blackwater Blackwater Residential Historic District Blackwater Blakey, Albert Gallatin, House, 226 W Spring St. Boonville Cobblestone Street , 100 Main St. Boonville Dauwalter, John S. House, 817 7th St. Boonville Dick-Kobel Homestead, Jamestown vicinity Cooper Co. Diggs, Duke and Mary, House, 1217 Rural St. Boonville Fessler-Secongost House, 119 W Morgan St. Boonville Gantner, Andrew, House, 1308 6th St. Boonville Hamilton-Brown Shoe Co. Building, 1st St. Boonville Harley Park Archaeological Site NA Restricted Historic District A, Vine and 2nd Sts. Boonville Historic District B, 4th and E Spring Sts. Boonville Historic District C, E High and 4th Sts. Boonville Historic District D, High and Main Sts. Boonville Historic District E, High, Spring and Morgan Sts. Boonville Historic District F, extends N and S along 6th and 7th Sts. Boonville Historic District H, SE corner E Morgan St. and Reformatory Dr. Boonville Imhoff Archaeological Site NA Restricted Johnson, Juliet Trigg, House, 1304 Main St. Boonville Johnson, Wilbur T. and Rhoda Stephens, House, 821 Main, Boonville Lyric Theater, Main and Vine Sts. Boonville Meierhoffer House, 120 E High St. Boonville Meierhoffer Sand Co. Office Building, 201 2nd St. Boonville Mellor Village and Mounds Archaeological Site NA Restricted Mellor Village and Mounds Archaeological District NA Restricted Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad Depot, 320 1st St. Boonville Morton-Myer House, 1000 11th St. Boonville Mount Nebo Baptist Church, SR E, Pilot Grove vicinity Pilot Grove Nelson, Thomas, House, 700 10th St. Boonville New Lebanon Cumberland Presbyterian Church and School New Lebanon New Lebanon Historic District New Lebanon Pigott, Josephine Trigg, House, 1307 6th St. Boonville Pleasant Green, 8 mi. SW of Pilot Grove on US 135 Pilot Grove Prairie View, E of Pleasant Green off MO 135 Pleasant Green Ravenswood, NW of Bunceton on MO 5 Bunceton Roeschel-Toennes-Oswald Property, 515 W Spring, Boonville St. Matthew's Chapel A.M.E. Church, 309 Spruce St. Boonville Sumner Public School, 321 Spruce St. Boonville Source: http://www.dnr.mo.gov/shpo/Cooper.htm

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 51 Figure 2.8.9

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 52 Cooper County Governmental Structure

Cooper County is governed by an elected three member Board of Commissioners composed of an Eastern Commissioner, a Western Commissioner, and a Presiding Commissioner. The Commission carries out the following responsibilities:  establishes Cooper County policy  approves and adopts the annual budget for all County operations  approves actual expenditures for each department  supervises the operations of County departments  ensures County-wide compliance with numerous statutory requirements  acts as liaison with County boards, commissions, and other local and regional governmental entities

Cooper County has the following departments and offices:

Assessor Circuit Court Collector County Clerk Emergency Management Juvenile Justice Public Health Prosecuting Attorney Public Administrator Recorder of Deeds Sheriff Treasurer Public Works

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 53 Technical Capabilities

The following office and departments play especially important roles in hazard mitigation:

Emergency Management Agency -The staff is responsible for emergency contingency planning, public education, and emergency response coordination. Emergency Management staff write and update the Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), conduct ongoing public education related to emergency information, and identify and fix gaps in emergency response, preparedness, and mitigation. The County’s Emergency Management staff has had extensive training from SEMA, FEMA, and other bodies in emergency response, preparedness, mitigation, and overall emergency management.

Road and Bridge Department - This department is an integral part of mitigation planning. Decisions about new roads and maintenance of current infrastructure are intertwined with the overall mission of hazard mitigation planning.

Website: http://www.coopercountymo.org/

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 54 Boonville

Figure 2.8.10 Boonville Profile Classification 3rd Class Population 8,703 Median household income $37,159 Median owner-occupied housing value $105,200 Total housing units 3,398 Water service City Electric service Ameren UE Ambulance service City Sewer service City Fire service City Master plan Yes, 2003 Comprehensive Plan Emergency Operations Plan Yes, Cooper County EOP Building regulations Yes Zoning regulations Yes Subdivision regulations Yes Storm water regulations Yes NFIP participation Yes Floodplain regulations Yes Sources: US Census Bureau 2005-2009 American Community Survey and individual community surveys City Owned Assets Property Replacement Cost (Buildings and Contents) See Appendix E for detailed listing 36,138,761 Source: City of Boonville Insurance Statement (2011)

Website: http://www.boonvillemo.org/

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 55 Assessed Values

Figure 2.8.11 Boonville 2010 Assessed Values Agricultural $107,610 Residential $39,449,430 Real Commercial $28,808,540 Estate Total $68,365,580 Property Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $3,414,115 State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $2,948,193 Real Estate Property Total $74,727,888 County Assessed Personal Property $20,067,411 Personal Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $792,621 Property State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $615,227 Personal Property Total $21,475,259 Grand Total $96,203,147 Source: Cooper County Assessor's Office

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 56 Bunceton

Figure 2.8.12 Bunceton Profile Classification 4th Class Population 464 Median household income $35,938 Median owner-occupied housing value $57,500 Total housing units 150 Water service City of Bunceton Electric service Ameren UE Ambulance service Cooper County Sewer service City of Bunceton Fire service City of Bunceton and Bunceton Rural Master plan No Emergency Operations Plan Yes Building regulations No Zoning regulations No Subdivision regulations Yes Storm water regulations No NFIP participation No Floodplain regulations No Sources: US Census Bureau 2005-2009 American Community Survey and individual community surveys City Owned Assets Property Replacement Cost (Buildings and Contents) City Hall $105,253 City Park $1,986 Water Tower and Pump House $81,238 Pump house/Shed $10,612 Storage building $13,238 Fire Department/Maintenance Building $78,000 Source: City of Bunceton Insurance Statement (2011)

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 57 Assessed Values

Figure 2.8.13 Bunceton 2010 Assessed Values Agricultural $11,470 Residential $1,004,770 Real Commercial $101,850 Estate Total $1,118,090 Property Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $0 State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $361,910 Real Estate Property Total $1,480,000 County Assessed Personal Property $420,644 Personal Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $0 Property State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $55,292 Personal Property Total $475,936 Grand Total $1,955,936 Source: Cooper County Assessor's Office

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 58 Otterville

Figure 2.8.14 Otterville Profile Classification 4th class city Population 421 Median household income $34,500 Median owner-occupied housing value $65,300 Total housing units 224 Water service City of Otterville Electric service Ameren UE Ambulance service Cooper County Sewer service City of Otterville Fire service City of Otterville Fire Department Master plan No Emergency Operations Plan Yes Building regulations No Zoning regulations No Subdivision regulations No Storm water regulations Yes NFIP participation No Floodplain regulations No Sources: US Census Bureau 2005-2009 American Community Survey and individual community surveys City Owned Assets Property Replacement Cost (Buildings and Contents) Vehicles (4) $32,500 Heavy Equipment and Machinery $61,775 Community Building $104,900 Well $21,700 Water Tower $225,600 Senior Citizens Center $122,300 City Hall $107,600 Equipment Building $148,600 Shelter House $9,000 Gazebo $4,600 Source: City of Otterville Insurance Statement (2011)

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 59 Assessed Values

Figure 2.8.15 Otterville 2010 Assessed Values Agricultural $1,440 Residential $1,378,560 Real Commercial $190,710 Estate Total $1,570,710 Property Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $0 State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $411,392 Real Estate Property Total $1,982,102 County Assessed Personal Property $742,978 Personal Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $550 Property State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $130,256 Personal Property Total $873,784 Grand Total $2,855,886 Source: Cooper County Assessor's Office

Website: http://www.cityofotterville.com

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 60 Pilot Grove

Figure 2.8.16 Pilot Grove Profile Classification 4th class Population 727 Median household income $43,750 Median owner-occupied housing value $68,300 Total housing units 307 Water service City Electric service Ameren UE Ambulance service Cooper County Sewer service City Fire service City Master plan No Emergency Operations Plan Yes, Cooper County EOP Building regulations No Zoning regulations No Subdivision regulations Unknown Storm water regulations Unknown NFIP participation Yes Floodplain regulations Yes Sources: US Census Bureau 2005-2009 American Community Survey and individual community surveys City Owned Assets Property Replacement Cost (Buildings and Contents)

This data has been requested but not provided at the time of final submission. If not submitted before final adoption; this information may be added during the maintenance process.

Source:N/A

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 61 Assessed Values

Figure 2.8.17 Pilot Grove 2010 Assessed Values Agricultural $8,850 Residential $2,636,950 Real Commercial $545,450 Estate Total $3,191,250 Property Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $181,060 State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $279,069 Real Estate Property Total $3,651,379 County Assessed Personal Property $1,113,864 Personal Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $158,762 Property State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $45,284 Personal Property Total $1,317,910 Grand Total $4,969,289 Source: Cooper County Assessor's Office

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 62 Wooldridge Figure 2.8.18 Wooldridge Profile Classification Village Population 17 Median household income $60,625 Median owner-occupied housing value $72,500 Total housing units 19 Water service PWSD#1 Electric service Ameren UE Ambulance service Cooper County Sewer service No Fire service Cooper County Rural Fire Master plan No Emergency Operations Plan Yes, Cooper County EOP Building regulations No Zoning regulations No Subdivision regulations No Storm water regulations No NFIP participation No – currently in the process of enrolling Floodplain regulations No – Pending with NFIP participation Sources: US Census Bureau 2005-2009 American Community Survey and individual community surveys

The Village of Wooldridge does not own any buildings or equipment. The village does own the levee which protects the town. There is no value statement available for the levee at this time.

Assessed Values

Figure 2.8.19 Wooldridge 2010 Assessed Values Agricultural $820 Residential $100,620 Real Commercial $0 Estate Total $101,440 Property Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $0 State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $51,724 Real Estate Property Total $153,164 County Assessed Personal Property $67,634 Personal Local Assessed: Railroad & Utility $0 Property State Assessed: Railroad & Utility $22,119 Personal Property Total $89,753 Grand Total $242,917 Source: Cooper County Assessor's Office

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 63 2.9 Special Districts – Inventory of Assets and Capabilities

This section profiles the special districts in the planning area, including; Levee Districts, School Districts, Water Districts, and Fire Protection Districts.

Levee Districts

There are two Levee Districts located in the Planning Area. Each levee district is composed of an elected board. The districts are responsible for maintaining the levees and setting an annual budget. Both levee districts are organized through the Cooper County Commission.

It should be noted that the Overton-Wooldridge levee district is also referred to in some federal and state documentation as “Cooper County Levee District No. 1”. The name Overton- Wooldridge appears on all county documentation and taxing information.

Figures 2.9.1 and 2.9.2 give a list of assets for each levee district. A more detailed profile of the levee districts can be found in Section 3.7 under Levee Failure.

Figure 2.9.1 Overton-Wooldridge Levee District Assets Equipment Replacement Cost 2 Pumps ($8000 each) $16,000 50' of hose for each pump $8,000 2 Gear Heads (4,500 each) $9,000 2 diesel power units $16,000 each) $32,000 1 - 16" portable pump and hose $15,000 1 - 12" portable pump and hose $15,000 Concrete Structure for each pump $45,000 Total $140,000 Source: Overton-Wooldridge Levee District

Figure 2.9.2 Linneman-Weekly Levee District Assets Equipment Replacement Cost 1 - 20"pump $30,000 1 - 24"pump $36,000 Irrigation System $250,000 2 Wells $50,000 Total $366,000 Source: Linneman-Weekly Levee District

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 64 School Districts Pre K-12

Of the 6 public school districts, there are approximately 2,542 students and 307 teachers in 14 public schools (see Figure 2.9.3) there are also 257 students and 29 teachers in three private schools private schools (see Figure 2.9.4). Each district has an elected Superintendent and School Board along with several administrative staff.

Students are a vulnerable population as they are dependent on others for natural hazard information during the school day. A mitigation plan must take this into account. Often, this has been done by building schools out of floodplains and having safe areas within the school where the students can assemble in the event of a disaster. School buildings can also act as safe rooms and shelters during a natural disaster.

2.9.3 Cooper County Public School District Populations Certificated School District Grades Students Staff Blackwater R-II Blackwater Elementary School K-8 18 134 Totals: 1 School 18 134 Boonville R-I David Barton Elementary School 3-5 40 433 Hannah Cole Primary School Pre K-2 24 227 Laura Speed Elliott Middle School 7-12 32 322 Boonville High School 9-12 49 583 Totals: 5 Schools 145 1565 Cooper Co. R-IV Bunceton Elementary School K-6 16 71 Bunceton High School 7-12 16 82 Totals: 2 Schools 32 153 Otterville R-VI Otterville Elementary School K-6 12 119 Otterville High School 7-12 17 124 Totals: 2 Schools 29 243 Pilot Grove C-4 Pilot Grove Elementary School Pre K-5 18 129 Pilot Grove Middle School 7-8 14 55 Pilot Grove High School 9-12 18 117 Totals: 3 Schools 50 301 Prairie Home R-V Prairie Home Elementary School K-6 17 82 Prairie Home High School 7-12 16 64 Totals: 2 Schools 33 146 Source: MO Department of Elementary and Secondary Education - Revised: 1/7/ 2009

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 65 Figure 2.9.4 Cooper County Private Schools Private Schools Teachers/staff Students St. Joseph School 1 2 38 St. Peter and Paul School 1 25 199 Zion Lutheran School 1 2 20 Source: http://www.privateschoolreview.com/county_private_schools/stateid/MO/county/29051, school administration

Figure 2.9.5 gives an overview of value estimates and population statistics for each district.

Figure 2.9.5 Cooper County School Districts Assessed Values Replacement Cost (building School District Buildings and contents) Assessed Valuation Blackwater R-II NA NA $7,660,252 Boonville R-I NA NA $128,962,922 Cooper Co. R-IV NA NA $8,163,460 Otterville R-VI NA NA $12,815,921 Pilot Grove C-4 NA NA $16,343,946 Prairie Home R-V 1 $4,445,018 $11,705,063 Source: MO Department of Elementary and Secondary Education - Revised: 1/7/ 2009 and Prairie Home R-V School District

Figure 2.9.6 depicts school locations and district boundaries for each district. The districts that cover the far southwestern portion of the county do not have structures in Cooper County. These districts, if participating, are profiled in the Moniteau County Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 66 Figure 2.9.6

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 67 Fire Protection Districts

There are 10 fire protection districts which respond to fires, accidents, and other emergencies within the Planning Area (see Figure 2.9.7). Mutual aid agreements exist between all the departments and also with surrounding county departments. The fire districts have been proactive in public education campaigns, updating training, and general outreach efforts to ensure the community at large is safe. The fire districts are key players in hazard mitigation and preparedness activities.

Figure 2.9.7 Cooper County Fire Protection Districts Firefighters # Fire Other Other Fire Protection District Type Paid- Stations Career Volunteer per- Employees Volunteers Call Blackwater Rural Fire Volunteer 1 0 12 0 0 0 Department Mostly Boonville Fire Department 2 7 0 26 0 0 Volunteer Bunceton Rural & City Fire Volunteer 1 0 13 0 0 7 Department Cooper County Fire Mostly 4 1 48 0 1 0 Protection District Volunteer Otterville Fire Protection Volunteer 1 0 12 0 0 0 District Pilot Grove Fire Volunteer 1 0 15 0 0 0 Department Pilot Grove Rural Fire Volunteer 1 0 15 0 0 0 Department, Inc. Prairie Home Rural Fire Volunteer 1 0 10 0 0 0 Protection District Source: http://missouri.firedepartments.net/county/MO/CoooperCounty.html

The following fire districts are based outside of Cooper County, but respond to some areas of the county.

 Jamestown Rural Fire District  Fortuna Fire District  Tipton Rural Fire District  California Fire Department  Clifton City Volunteer Fire Department

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 68 Water Districts

There are three Public Water Supply Districts located in the Planning Area.

Each water district is composed of an elected board. The districts are responsible for maintaining existing water supply infrastructure and developing new infrastructure.

Water Districts are primarily related to mitigation activities focused on drought, wildfire, and flood. Connecting water supplies so that areas have multiple water supplies is an important mitigation strategy. The areas served and interconnections of all water providers in the Planning Area are shown in Figure 2.9.8.

Figure 2.9.8 Water Providers Serving Planning Area Provider Area Served PWSD #1 Cooper County (unincorp.), Wooldridge Consolidated PWSD #2 Cooper County (unincorp.), Boonville, Windsor Place PWSD #3 Cooper County (unincorp.) Sources: PWSDs, MSDIS

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 69 2.10 Policy, Planning, and Program Capabilities

This part of the capability assessment is designed to summarize and evaluate existing plans, polices, programs, and ordinances in the Planning Area which are involved in some way with hazard mitigation. A summary of the plans and regulations in the Planning Area is shown in Figure 2.10.1.

Figure 2.10.1 Plans and Regulations Cooper County and Incorporated Communities

= Plan or regulations in place County Cooper Boonville Bunceton Otterville Grove Pilot Wooldridge Master plan Emergency Operations Plan Building regulations Zoning regulations Subdivision regulations Stormwater regulations NFIP participation Floodplain regulations

Cooper County Emergency Operations Plan (2010) The Cooper County Emergency Operations Plan is a comprehensive document which covers emergency response and recovery. The Mission Statement of the EOP and the Emergency Operations Center exists "...to protect the lives and property of all residents when major disasters threaten public safety in any city, county or region of Cooper County."

Areas covered in the plan which relate to mitigation are: communications and warning systems, media points of contact, acquisition of resources and supplies in preparation for emergency events, evacuation plans for flood, dam failure, levee failure; and sheltering procedures. Also included is information on response to Severe Thunderstorm/Tornado, Summer Heat, Lightening Safety, Flash Flood/Flooding, Earthquake Preparedness, and Winter Weather Preparedness.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 70 Building Regulations Building regulations and codes can have a large impact on mitigating the effects of natural hazards. Periodic evaluation is important to ensure that the codes are appropriate to the area; enforcement is essential for the codes to be effective. Cooper County does not currently have a planning and zoning commission or building codes. The County does have a floodplain ordinance in place to maintain compliance with NFIP. The County has also adopted in the International Building Codes (IBC) 2006, although enforcement is extremely limited due to lack of funding for staffing.

Planning and Zoning

Appropriate zoning regulations can be an effective mitigation strategy; zoning guides development in such a way as to keep the general population and property safe.

Zoning ordinances can be a tool to discourage development in areas where desired services cannot be provided in a cost-effective manner and/or the safety of citizens could be jeopardized due to the fact that the area is not readily accessible to fire protection, law enforcement, and ambulance services.

Cooper County does not currently have a Planning or Zoning department. With the growth and development of populations in the county it may be prudent to form such a department.

Zoning ordinances in the Planning Area exist in the City of Boonville and are enforced by the fire department.

Subdivision Regulations Subdivision regulations serve to protect the public health and general welfare of the community by keeping development out of hazard prone areas. Subdivision regulations do this by providing specific guidelines that new developments must meet in order to be in compliance with safety and management decisions. Policy additions such as subdivision regulations are one of the more effective mitigation tools because they allow the community to design hazard-resistant places and avoid late costly retrofits or property buyouts.

Cooper County does not have any subdivision regulations, although they do exist in the City of Boonville.

Storm Water Regulations Storm water regulations, similar to other policy related mitigation strategies, can help the community design disaster resistant communities.

Cooper County does not Storm Water Regulations, although the City of Boonville and the City of Otterville do.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 71 Boonville Comprehensive Plan In 2003, Boonville developed a comprehensive plan, which is adopted by the Planning and Zoning Commission and the City Council. This plan is a policy guide for decisions about the physical community and provides a vision for how the citizens what Boonville to develop in the next 10-20 years. The purpose of the comprehensive plan is to provide a rational and comprehensive guide for development that fosters economic growth, and encourages compatible and high quality land development.

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) The following description from FEMA describes the history of the NFIP:

“The U.S. Congress established the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) with the passage of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968. The NFIP is a Federal program enabling property owners in participating communities to purchase insurance as a protection against flood losses in exchange for State and community floodplain management regulations that reduce future flood damages. Participation in the NFIP is based on an agreement between communities and the Federal Government. If a community adopts and enforces a floodplain management ordinance to reduce future flood risk to new construction in floodplains, the Federal Government will make flood insurance available within the community as a financial protection against flood losses. This insurance is designed to provide an insurance alternative to disaster assistance to reduce the escalating costs of repairing damage to buildings and their contents caused by floods.”

The jurisdictions in the Planning Area which participate in the NFIP are shown in Figure 2.10.2.

Figure 2.10.2 Cooper County Participation in NFIP Jurisdiction Date of Entry Effective Map Cooper County 11/16/1983 5/2/2011 Boonville 1/23/1974 5/3/2011 Cooper County 11/16/1983 5/3/2011 Pilot Grove 7/25/1975 5/3/11(M) * (M) no elevation determined Source: http://www.fema.gov/fema/csb.shtm

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 72 Legal Authority and Political Willpower

Cooper County has at its disposal a variety of powers given to it by the State of Missouri relevant to mitigation activities. A brief review of these powers is listed below.

Police Powers - The police are responsible for protecting the overall public; local governments can add requirements pertinent to hazard mitigation.

Land Use and Building Codes - The State of Missouri has given local governments the right to create and enforce planning and zoning regulations around construction and development including areas within designated floodplains and subdivisions.

Acquisition - Local governments may find the most effective method for completely “hazard- proofing” a particular piece of property or area is to acquire the property (either in fee or a lesser interest, such as an easement); this removes the property from the private market and eliminates or reduces the possibility of inappropriate development. Missouri legislation empowers cities, towns, and counties to acquire property for public purpose by gift, grant, devise, bequest, exchange, purchase, lease or eminent domain.

Taxation - The power to levy taxes and special assessments is an important tool delegated to local governments by Missouri law. The power of taxation extends beyond the collection of revenue, and impacts the pattern of development in the community. Local units of government also have the authority to levy special assessments on property owners for all or part of the costs of acquiring, constructing, reconstructing, or improving protective structures within a designated area. This can serve to increase the cost of building in such areas, thereby discouraging development. Special assessments seem to offer little in terms of control over land use in developing areas. They can, however, be used to finance the provision of necessary services within municipal or county boundaries. In addition, they are useful in distributing to the new property owners the costs of the infrastructure required by new development. The major constraint in using special assessments is political.

Spending - Local governments have the power to make expenditures in the public interest. A community can control its growth to some extent by tentatively committing itself to a timetable for the provision of capital to extend services, especially when the provision of on-site sewage disposal and water supply to the surrounding area is unusually expensive. A local community can also regulate the extension of and access to services. This tactic can help guide development away from hazard prone areas.

Political Willpower Cooper County has seen firsthand the effects of natural hazards, most notably during the flood of 1993. Citizens are well aware of the potential impacts to life and property of such events. Due to this high degree of awareness, it is expected that the current and future political climates are favorable for supporting and advancing the suggested mitigation strategies in the Planning Area.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 73 Community and Regional Partnerships

The Cooper County government has working relationships with the towns and cities located within the county as well as with neighboring counties. This is particularly evident in mutual aid agreements that exist between fire and law enforcement jurisdictions.

Cooper County jurisdictions have partnered successfully through and with the Mid-MO RPC on regional transportation planning and multiple local grant applications; local governments have representation on Mid-MO RPC transportation and economic development advisory committees.

Regional Homeland Security Oversight Committee Cooper County participates in the Region F Homeland Security Oversight Committee (RHSOC). This committee addresses homeland security initiatives in a thirteen county region. A Mass Care Coordinator funded through the RHSOC has worked to increase the number of shelters throughout the region. In addition, there are three Homeland Security Response Teams available for emergency response incidents, both manmade and natural.

Non-Governmental and Volunteer Organizations

After the floods in 1993 the non-profit agencies in Missouri organized the Missouri Volunteers Against Disaster (MOVOAD). The main goal of MOVOAD is to increase cooperation, coordination, communication, education, and to pass local, county and state disaster legislation. Their mission is to bring together National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster to foster more effective service through mitigation and response for the benefit of people affected (imperiled and impacted) by disaster through:

1. Cooperation: To create a climate of cooperation at all levels (including grass roots) to provide information. 2. Coordination: To coordinate policy among member organizations and to serve as a liaison, advocate and national voice. 3. Communication: To disseminate information through the newsletter, the director, research and demonstration, case study and critique. 4. Education: To increase mutual awareness and understanding of each organization. 5. Convention Mechanisms: To arrange for such meetings and conferences as necessary to accomplish the purpose of MOVOAD. 6. Legislation: To encourage effective disaster relief legislation and policy.

Organizations in Cooper County such as the American Red Cross, church agencies, and other non-profits are active in supporting the work of MOVOAD. This collaborative effort ensures that Cooper County non-profits are well prepared to respond to a natural disaster. Through their legislative efforts, they also work to help make Missouri and Cooper County as disaster resistant as possible.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 74 Media

The ability to distribute timely and reliable information to the public in the event of an emergency is vital. The nationwide Emergency Alert System (EAS), jointly coordinated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), FEMA, and the NWS, provides a link between the government agencies monitoring potential hazards/emergencies and local broadcasters who can inform the public in a timely manner. The Planning Area is located in the Central Missouri EAS Operational Area.

Local media outlets can also provide avenues for educating the public about emergency preparedness and the need for certain mitigation actions. The media points of contact as indicated in the Cooper County Emergency Operations Plan are shown in Figure 2.10.3.

Figure 2.10.3 Media Points of Contact Radio Stations Frequency Location KWRT 1370 AM Boonville KWIX 1230 AM Moberly KOPN 89.5 FM Columbia KOPN 89.5 FM Columbia KBIA 91.3 FM Columbia KCMQ 96.7 FM Columbia KPLA 101.5 FM Columbia KBXR 102.3 FM Columbia K280EJ 103.9 FM Columbia KOQL 106.1 FM Columbia KWJK 93.1 FM Boonville KSSZ 93.9 FM Fayette TV Station Channel Base City KRCG (CBS) 13 Jefferson City (Cole County) KOMU (NBC) 8 Columbia (Boone County) KMIZ (ABC) 17 Columbia (Boone County) KNLJ 25 New Bloomfield (Callaway County) KMOS 6 Warrensburg (Johnson County) KQFX (Fox 22) 22 Columbia (Boone County) Newspaper Boonville Daily News Boonville Columbia Daily Tribune Columbia Fayette Advertiser Fayette (Howard County) Kansas City Star Jefferson City (local bureau) Marshall Democrat Marshall Sedalia Democrat Sedalia Source: Cooper County EOP and Cooper County Staff

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 75 In addition to the media, Cooper County can also initiate the use of outdoor warning sirens. The sirens are not owned by the county, but owned by each individual community. The following communities have warning sirens:  Blackwater (1)  Boonville(5)  Bunceton (1)  Otterville (1)  Pilot Grove (1)  Prairie Home (1)

According to the Cooper County EOC the sirens are activated through the emergency operations center. These warning sirens can be activated as one group, individually, or customized to a specific area. Testing of the sirens is set on the first Saturday of every month, weather permitting.

Weather Radio

The Planning Area is within range of broadcasts of the NOAA Weather Radio network, operated by the National Weather Service (NWS). Transmitters and towers are located in Carollton (Carroll County) and Jamestown (Moniteau County). Special radio units which receive this transmission can be purchased from many local retail stores. Severe weather updates, flash flood warnings, and other 24-hour weather advisories from the NWS are broadcast over the network.

Missouri Uniform Law Enforcement System (MULES)

MULES is a law enforcement computer data network operated by the Missouri State Highway Patrol (MSHP) primarily for law enforcement operations. It is also used to disseminate emergency information such as weather conditions, flood stages, and road conditions. A MULES terminal is located in the Cooper County EOC.

Section 2 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 76 2.11 Development Trends

[The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of] providing a Requirement general description of land uses and development trends within the §201.6(c)(2)(ii) community so that mitigation options can be considered in future land (C): use decisions.

Participating jurisdictions in this planning process may undergo development in the coming years in the form of annexations, zoning, landuse, and changes in infrastructure. Because of the lack of planning and zoning in the Planning Area, there is not a very accurate way of anticipating changes in landuse.

The City of Boonville is experiencing stable growth in population and construction of new homes and businesses. With growing populations it would be expected that there will be a need to increase critical facilities such as fire stations, police stations, and medical facilities.

This section may be updated more fully in the 2016 update.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 77 Section 3: Risk Assessment

Methodology Risk assessment is a process of estimating the potential for injury, death, property damage, or economic loss which may result from a hazard. A risk assessment is only as valuable as the thoroughness and accuracy of the information on which it is based. The Risk Assessment for the Planning Area is comprised of the following:  Identification of Hazards  Profiling of Hazards  Inventory of Assets  Assessment of Vulnerability

Identification of Hazards

Requirement [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the type…of all

§201.6(c)(2)(i): natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction.

The following natural hazards have been identified as posing potential risk in the Planning Area:

 Dam Failure  Drought  Earthquake  Extreme Heat  Flood (includes riverine flooding, flash flooding, and storm water flooding)  Levee Failure  Land Subsidence/Sinkhole  Severe Winter Weather (Snow, Ice, and Extreme Cold)  Wildfire  Windstorm  Tornado  Hailstorm

The Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2010) indicates that expansive soils, landslides, and rockfalls are recognized as hazards in Missouri but occur infrequently and with minimal impact. For this reason, those hazards were not profiled in the state plan nor will they be profiled in the Cooper County Plan.

There are certain other natural hazards which FEMA requires to be addressed in Hazard Mitigation Plans if they are applicable to the Planning Area. Avalanches and volcanoes have not been included in this plan as they do not pose a threat due to the Planning Area’s topography and geology. Coastal erosion, coastal storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis do not pose a threat due to its inland location.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 78 Profiling of Hazards

[The risk assessment shall include a] description of the…location and Requirement extent of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. The plan

§201.6(c)(2)(i): shall include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events.

Each of the natural hazards identified as posing a risk to the Planning Area has been studied and analyzed; this information has been organized in the following way for each hazard profile (Sections 3.1-3.10):

 Description of Hazard  Geographic location  Previous occurrences  Measures of Probability and Severity  Existing mitigation strategies

The assessments of probability and severity included in each profile were based on the following definitions from the Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2010): Measure of Probability – The likelihood that the hazard will occur.

 Low – The hazard has little or no chance of happening (less than 1 percent chance of occurrence in any given year)

 Moderate – The hazard has a reasonable probability of occurring (between 1 and 10 percent chance of occurrence in any given year).

 High – The probability is considered sufficiently high to assume that the event will occur (between 10 and 100 percent chance of occurrence in any given year).

Measure of Severity – The deaths, injuries, or damage (property or environmental) that could result from the hazard.

 Low – Few or minor damage or injuries are likely; death is possible, but not likely.

 Moderate – Injuries to personnel and damage to property and the environment is expected; death is possible.

 High – Major injuries/death and/or major damage will likely occur

Inventory of Assets An inventory of the assets in the Planning Area is included in Sections 2.8 and 2.9.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 79 Vulnerability Assessment

Requirement The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of the types and §201.6(c)(2)(ii) numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical (A): facilities located in the identified hazard area….

[The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of an] estimate of the Requirement potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures identified in paragraph §201.6(c)(2)(ii) (c) (2) (11) (A) of this section and a description of the methodology (B): used to prepare the estimate…

An assessment of structures, equipment, and populations in the Planning Area which are vulnerable to a specific hazard is included after each hazard profile in Sections 3.1-3.10. As prescribed by FEMA guidelines, critical structures, building counts, and assessed values are included. All people, structures, and equipment are vulnerable to one or more hazards in the Planning Area. This assessment can be used to identify potential areas where mitigation activities are needed.

Impact on future development is not addressed with every hazard because of the unpredictable nature of some hazards.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 80 Overview of Vulnerability

[The risk assessment shall include a] description of the jurisdiction's Requirement vulnerability to the hazards described in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this

§201.6(c)(2)(ii): section. This description shall include an overall summary of each hazard and its impact on the community.

For multi-jurisdictional plans, the risk assessment must assess each Requirement jurisdiction's risks where they vary from the risks facing the entire §201.6(c)(2)(iii): planning area.

Vulnerability is defined by FEMA as the extent to which people will experience harm and/or property will be damaged from a hazard. Vulnerability is closely linked to the probability that the hazard event will occur (Measure of Probability) and to the severity which is expected (Measure of Severity) which was previously discussed.

The following Vulnerability Rating Scale was developed to be compatible with the Measures of Probability and Severity.

Rating Property Damage Injury or Death NA not applicable not applicable L 0-5% little or none M 5-10% injuries possible major injuries and death 10-100% H likely

For each identified hazard, a Vulnerability Rating was determined for the Planning Area as a whole and for each participating jurisdiction. These Vulnerability Ratings were based upon the previously determined Measures of Probability and Severity in the following manner:

 Numeric values were assigned to the Measures of Probability and Severity and the Vulnerability Rating Scale in the following manner: Low = 1, Moderate = 2, High = 3  For each hazard in each jurisdiction, the corresponding Measure of Probability and Measure of Severity were averaged. If necessary, the average was rounded up to a whole number.  The appropriate Vulnerability Rating was assigned based on the calculated numeric average of the Measures of Probability and Severity.

The vulnerability ratings are shown in Figure 3.0.1 for each of the identified hazards. The Planning Area as a whole received a rating for each hazard and individual ratings were assigned for each participating jurisdiction. Where the rating for a participating jurisdiction varies from the overall vulnerability of the Planning Area, the rating is highlighted in green. Figure 3.0.2 shows Measures of Probability and Severity and Vulnerability Ratings for each jurisdiction.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 81 Figure 3.0.1 Participating Jurisdictions' Vulnerability

Rating Property Damage Injury or Death

NA not applicable not applicable

L 0-5% little or none

M 5-10% injuries and/or death possible

major injuries and/or death 10-100% H likely

Heat

Jurisdiction Failure Dam Drought Earthquake Extreme Flood Hailstorm Sinkhole Subsidence/ Land Failure Levee Weather Winter Severe Tornado Wildfire Windstorm Planning Area L L H M H M L H M H L H Cooper County L L H M H M L H M H L H Boonville L L H M H M M H L H Bunceton L H M L M M H L H Otterville L H M L M M H L H Pilot Grove L H M L M M H L H Wooldridge L H M H M H M H L H Linneman-Weekly Levee District H H Overton-Wooldridge Levee District H H Prairie Home R-V Schools H M L M L H L H

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 82 Figure 3.0.2 Participating Jurisdictions' Probability, Severity, and Vulnerability Overview Probability = P High = H Severity = S Medium/Moderate = M Vulnerability = V Low = L Hazard

Dam Failure Drought Earthquake Extreme Heat Flood Hailstorm Subsidence/Land Sinkhole Levee Failure Severe Winter Weather Tornado Wildfire Windstorm Participating P S V P S V P S V P S V P S V P S V P S V P S V P S V P S V P S V P S V Jurisdiction Planning Area L L L L L L H M H M M M H M H M M M M L L M H H H M M H H H L L L H H H Cooper County L L L L L L H M H M M M H M H M M M M L L M H H H M M H H H L L L H H H Boonville L L L L L L H M H M M M H M H M M M H M M H H H L L L H H H Bunceton L L L H M H M M M L L L M M M H M M H H H L L L H H H Otterville L L L H M H M M M L L L M M M H M M H H H L L L H H H Pilot Grove L L L H M H M M M L L L M M M H M M H H H L L L H H H Wooldridge L L L H M H M M M H H H M M M M H H H M M H H H L L L H H H Linneman-Weekly Levee District H H H M H H Overton-Wooldridge Levee District H H H M H H Prairie Home R-V Schools H M H M M M L L L M M M H L M H H H L L L H H H NOTE: Grayed out box means not applicable

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 83 3.1 Dam Failure

Description of Hazard

A dam is defined by the National Dam Safety Act as an artificial barrier which impounds or diverts water and: (1) is more than 6 feet high and stores 50 acre feet or more, or (2) is 25 feet or more high and stores more than 15 acre feet (an acre foot is defined as the amount of water covering one acres to a depth of one foot). Based on this definition, there are over 80,000 dams in the United States. Over 95% are non-federal, with most being owned by state governments, municipalities, watershed districts, industries, lake associations, land developers, and private citizens. Dam owners have primary responsibility for the safe design, operation and maintenance of their dams. They also have responsibility for providing early warning of problems at the dam, for developing an effective emergency action plan, and for coordinating that plan with local officials. The State has ultimate responsibility for public safety, and many states regulate construction, modification, maintenance, and operation of dams, and also ensure a dam safety program. The State of Missouri has a Dam and Reservoir Safety Program under the direction of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.

Dams can fail for many reasons. The most common are:

 Piping: internal erosion caused by embankment leakage, foundation leakage and deterioration of pertinent structures appended to the dam.  Erosion: inadequate spillway capacity causing overtopping of the dam, flow erosion, and inadequate slope protection.  Structural Failure: caused by an earthquake, slope instability or faulty construction.

These three types of failures are often interrelated. For example, erosion, either on the surface or internal, may weaken the dam or lead to structural failure. Similarly a structural failure may shorten the seepage path and lead to a piping failure.

Dam construction varies widely throughout the state. A majority of dams are of earthen construction. Missouri's mining industry has produced numerous tailing dams for the surface disposal of mine waste. These dams are made from mining material deposited in slurry form in an impoundment. Other types of earthen dams are reinforced with a core of concrete and/or asphalt. The largest dams in the state are built of reinforced concrete, and are used for hydroelectric power.

Dam Hazard Classification

Dams pose a hazard to human life and property through faulty operation and outright failure. Dams in Missouri have been classified according to both a federal and state system with regards to potential hazard posed.

The federal classification system is based upon the probable loss of human life and the impact on economic, environmental and lifeline interests from dam failure. It should be noted that there is always the possibility of loss of human life when a dam fails; this classification system does

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 84 not account for the possibility of people occasionally passing through an inundation area which is usually unoccupied (e.g. occasional recreational users, daytime user of downstream lands, etc.)

The state classification system is based upon the type and number of structures downstream from a dam. An inventory of all the dams of the state was done in the late 1970s and early 1980s, according to Glenn Lloyd, Civil Engineer and Dam Safety Inspector with the Dam Safety Program of the MO Department of Natural Resources (DNR). All of the known dams were classified by the state at that time.

Dam Regulation in Missouri

According to the Association of State Dam Safety Officials, there are over 5200 classified dams in Missouri and only 679 are regulated by the state. Pursuant to Chapter 236 of the Revised Statutes of Missouri, a dam must be 35 feet or higher to be state regulated; regulation makes a dam subject to permit and inspection requirements. For regulated dams, the state classification system dictates the required inspection cycle. There are also 64 federally-regulated dams in Missouri. All federally-regulated dams fall outside the regulatory authority of the Missouri Dam and Reservoir Safety Program.

The inspection cycle for regulated dams allows for a regulated dam’s classification to be updated when appropriate. Classification is a dynamic system; development can easily change the situation downstream. A regulated dam in Missouri would have its classification appraised at least once every 5 years.

One must use caution in assuming the classifications of unregulated dams is currently accurate; however. It is very probable that, for most of the unregulated dams, the classification does not take into account almost 30 years of development and change in Cooper County.

In addition, the DNR database of dams in Missouri reflects only the known dams; a dam less than 35 feet in height which was built since the inventory was taken some 30 years ago may not appear in the database.

A summary of the federal and state classification systems, how the two systems relate to each other, and inspection requirements for regulated dams is shown in Figure 3.1.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 85 Fig. 3.1.1 Dam Hazard Classification Systems Inspection Federal State Downstream Requirement Federal Criterion Classification Classification Environment (Regulated Dams) 10 or more permanent Class 1 dwellings; or any Every 2 years public building 1-9 permanent dwellings; or 1 or more High hazard Probable loss of human life campgrounds with Class 2 permanent water, sewer Every 3 years and electrical services; or one or more industrial buildings No probable loss of human life but potential economic Significant loss, environmental hazard damage, disruption of lifeline facilities or other impact of concern Class 3 Everything else Every 5 years No probable loss of human life; low economic and/or Low hazard environmental loss; loss principally limited to owner's property

Sources: Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety, Hazard Potential Classification System for Dams, April 2004, http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1830; http://www.sos.mo.gov/adrules/csr/current/10csr/10c22-2.pdf; Glenn Lloyd, Civil Engineer/Dam Safety Inspector, MO DNR, Water Resources Center, Dam Safety Program

There are currently 22 dams in Cooper County according to the Department of Natural Resources database. Of these, only two are regulated by the state (see Figure 3.1.2).

Figure 3.1.2 Hazard Categories of Cooper County Dams Percentage Regulated Unregulated All County Hazard Category of Total Dams Dams Dams Dams High 0 2 2 9% Significant 0 0 0 0% Low 2 18 20 91% Total 2 20 22 100%

Note that one of the unregulated high hazard dams is dry and thus not a threat at the present time (see Figure 3.1.3).

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 86 Specific information for each of the 2 regulated dams and 20 unregulated dams can be found in Figures 3.1.3 – 3.1.4. Again it is important to note that, according to information from Missouri DNR, much of this data, perhaps most of it, for the unregulated dams has not been updated since the dam survey was first conducted in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The heights of the unregulated dams may be, in some cases, the only currently reliable information.

Geographic Location

The dams in the Planning Area are located in unincorporated Cooper County and Boonville (see Figure 3.1.4 and Figure 3.1.5).

Dam failure is not an issue for Blackwater, Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove Prairie Home, Windsor Place, Wooldridge, Blackwater R-II Schools, Boonville R-I Schools, Cooper County R-IV Schools, Otterville R-VI Schools, Pilot Grove C-4 Schools, and Prairie Home R-V Schools. Even though the Boonville R-I School District is in Boonville where there are dams, the structures of these educational institutions are not within the estimated inundation areas of the dams.

The locations and descriptions of the dams in Cooper County are shown in Figures 3.1.3-3.1.5.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 87 Figure 3.1.3 REGULATED Cooper County Dams Reservoir Drainage Map Year Ht Area Area Federal State ID # Name Built (feet) (Acres) (Acres) Latitude Longitude Class Class LAKE OF THE WOODS 6 1968 39 28 328 38.9433516 -92.7600314 L 3 DAM 15 HAMMOND LAKE DAM 1985 48 9 34 38.745342 -92.724942 L 3 NON REGULATED Cooper County Dams BECKER-MILLER-MARCUM 12 1974 25 5 60 38.6856804 -92.7434567 L 3 LAKE DAM 14 FENICAL LAKE DAM 1977 25 3 34 38.9391982 -92.9820874 L 3

19 FRIEDRICH LAKE DAM 1970 22 9 48 38.9123885 -92.7950688 H 2

5 HOLTZCLAW LAKE DAM 1961 34 9 30 38.938777 -92.8484423 L 3

20 LANGKOP LAKE DAM 1969 17 14 325 38.7121609 -92.8725471 L 3

11 LENZ LAKE DAM 1975 20 9 23 38.795856 -92.6663235 L 3

2 NORTHEAST DAM # 2 1970 25 3 60 38.956585 -92.7438654 L 3

13 PHILLIPS LAKE DAM 1976 30 5 15 38.7963794 -92.9895115 L 3

16 ROBINSON'S DAM 1959 20 5 33 38.9028635 -92.5988421 L 3 ROLFLING LAKE DAM SEC 4 1957 29 13 91 38.9628937 -92.7131784 L 3 6 ROLFLING LAKE DAM-SEC 3 1957 This lake is dry 38.9783333 -92.7213889 36 (DRY) 22 SCHNUCK 1997 31 2 0 38.92 -92.58 L

9 SCHNUCK LAKE DAM 1977 32 7 30 38.9439716 -92.6977937 L 3

21 SCHRADER LAKE DAM 1965 25 10 64 38.9397345 -92.8429927 L 3

10 SMITH LAKE DAM 1977 30 4 25 38.9539433 -92.7102226 L 3 SOUTHWEST DAM 1 1969 21 2 30 38.9551489 -92.7471637 L 3 NUMBER 1 8 STOELTING DAM 1965 21 4 19 38.9537619 -92.7391235 L 3

7 TROUT DAM 1960 20 4 20 38.9595031 -92.7758811 L 3 WINDMILL CAMPGROUND 0 1971 20 2 90 38.933468 -92.7394135 L 3 DAM WINDSOR PLACE 18 1951 22 6 62 38.8848699 -92.714099 L 3 NUMBER 1 WINDSOR PLACE 17 1945 23 4 37 38.8912599 -92.7215193 L 3 NUMBER 2 Source: http://w w w .dnr.mo.gov/env/w rc/damsft/Crystal_Reports/cooper_dams.pdf

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 88 Figure 3.1.4

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 89 Figure 3.1.5

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 90 Previous Occurrences

While there have been no dam failures in Cooper County in recent history, the issue was highlighted in the mid-Missouri region by a dam failure in nearby Boone County in 2008 and a near failure in Cole County in 2009.

The Moon Valley Lake Dam in Columbia (Boone County) failed in March 2008. This 18-foot high unregulated dam had been built in 1964; it drained 2,100 acres and had a 13-acre reservoir, according to the DNR database. Moon Valley Lake Dam was classified as high hazard, but there was no loss of life with the dam failure. This may be partially attributable to the fact that Moon Valley Lake was silted in and the main release from the dam failure was silt which went down the Hominy Branch into the Hinkson Creek. The added silt has caused greater flooding problems on the Hinkson Creek since the time of the dam failure. The City of Columbia estimated the cost of removing the sediment and stabilizing about 2,000 feet of the stream bank to be in the vicinity of $400,000.

Failure of the Renn’s Lake Dam in Jefferson City (Cole County) was averted in late October/early November 2009 through the work of emergency crews and volunteers who relieved pressure on the earthen dam by pumping thousands of gallons of water from 7-acre Renn’s Lake. The 30-foot high unregulated dam, built in 1950, had been weakened by the growth of trees; heavy rainfall caused a 15-foot section to erode. Renn’s Lake is located immediately to the west of U.S. Highway 54 and the failure of the dam would have threatened the highway. The deed to Renn Lake was subsequently transferred to Cole County with plans to breach the dam and drain the lake.

Boone and Cole Counties are not the only counties in Missouri to experience dam failures. According to the Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2007), Missouri has the largest number of manmade dams in any state. The Stanford University’s National Performance of Dams Program documented 16 dam failures in Missouri between 1975 and 2001.

More recently, there was a huge dam failure which destroyed Johnson Shut-Ins State Park in Reynolds County. On December 14, 2005, AmerenUE’s Taum Sauk Reservoir Dam at their hydroelectric complex failed; 1.5 billion gallons of water were released into the park in 10 minutes. There was no loss of life, even though the superintendent’s family was swept out of their home. However, if this failure had occurred during the summer when the popular park has many visitors, it could have resulted in a catastrophic loss of life.

All of these dam failures indicated that this is a serious problem which needs attention. Many of Missouri’s smaller dams are becoming a greater hazard as they continue to age and deteriorate. While hundreds of them need to be rehabilitated, lack of available funding and often questions of ownership loom as obstacles difficult to overcome.

Measure of Probability and Severity

Probability: Low Severity: Low

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 91

There is one dam in Cooper County that is considered to pose high hazard should there be a dam break, Friedrich Lake Dam. This dam is privately owned and not regulated by the state and thus not subject to inspection requirements. Friedrich Lake dam is located south of Boonville on State Highway 5 as seen in Figure 3.1.4

Existing Mitigation Strategies

State regulated dams are inspected, according to classification, through the Dam Safety Program of the DNR. According to the Missouri DNR, dam owners with dams over 35 feet in height are required to complete an Emergency Action Plan (EAP). The Dam and Reservoir Safety Program coordinates with dam owners, county Emergency Management Directors and other state and federal agencies to develop plans for all regulated dams. An EAP must include the following criteria:

•Guidance for evaluating emergency situations occurring at a dam. •Notification charts and emergency contact information. •A list of residents, businesses and entities within the downstream inundation zone. •A list of resources available for responding to a dam emergency. •An inundation zone map (estimated boundary of the maximum water elevation resulting from a dam breach.) •Basic physical and geographical data for the regulated dam.

The Cooper County emergency management director can provide critical emergency contact information and assistance in identifying structures located within the downstream inundation area.

As of August 2011, Emergency Management Agencies in each county will keep a copy of an owner’s EAP for high hazard dams. A template for creating an EAP is available through the Missouri DNR Dam Safety website.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 92 Dam Failure Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: Cooper County, Boonville

There are no dams lying upstream from any school district structures

Overview

Most of the dams in the Planning Area are located in unincorporated Cooper County. The results of a dam failure could range from very minimal environmental damage to a significant loss of life and infrastructure. All impacts are dependent upon several variables: water, debris, people, and structures. A dam failure would include the breach of a dam wall or embankment allowing the water and/or debris to flow downstream from the dam.

The Dam inventory for the state of Missouri was compiled in the late 1970’s to early 1980’s. The state has classified 2 of Cooper County’s dams as “High Hazard”. One of those High Hazard dams no longer holds water is does not pose a threat. Both High Hazard dams are unregulated. According to data provided by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, none of the 20 unregulated dams have ever been documented as having been inspected. Because these are unregulated dams, the state has no jurisdiction over maintenance and leads into the overall problem of dam location and development downstream.

State regulated dams are classified by what lies downstream of the dam and what will be impacted by the failure of that dam. Unregulated dams received their classifications nearly 30 years ago or more and development that occurs downstream is not monitored by any agency; this potentially puts the public at risk. Also, development upstream that might increase the contents held by the dam can cause failure. Because there is no entity in charge of unregulated dams, the original classifications for these dams may not be correct. Some dams may not exist anymore while others may pose a greater downstream threat than their classifications indicate.

Potential Impact on Existing Structures

Boonville is the only jurisdiction, aside from unincorporated areas of Cooper County to have dams inside, or within a mile upstream of, it’s corporate boundary. Structures downstream of these dam locations could potentially be at risk if a failure were to occur depending on the size of the reservoir behind the dam. Throughout the county several other dams lie upstream of structures that have the potential of being impacted. The Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan 2010 states vulnerability statistics for State Regulated dam failure in Cooper County. According to the state plan there are no structures or populations vulnerable to the failure of a State Regulated dam.

The potential impact on structures and human life downstream from a dam failure directly correlates to the amount of water and/or debris that is behind the dam. As stated in the hazard profile, it is important to take into account the age of the data that has been compiled on state regulated and unregulated dams in the county and in the state. Because data on unregulated

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 93 dams was collected in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s it is not necessarily reliable to use when looking at possible areas of impact.

Figures 3.1.6 depicts the downstream areas, and parcels that are within a half mile of the dam. Because inundation information is not available at this time it is not possible to know exactly the severity or distance of a dam failure.

Figure 3.1.6

Potential Impact on Future Development Dam Failure has the potential to impact future development in the county and its jurisdictions. Because many dams in Cooper County are privately owned and not regulated by the state the potential for development below aging or unsafe dams is an issue that needs to be addressed. If development occurs without knowledge of problem dam that may lie upstream, that development is put in jeopardy. Future impacts may be addressed by inundation studies being done by the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s Water Resources Center. The following is an excerpt from their website:

“The Water Resources Center has developed a methodology to complete dam breach inundation studies and produce inundation maps downstream of regulated dams.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 94 The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has indicated that future funding of state dam safety programs will be linked to the completion of Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) for regulated dams. The WRC’s Dam and Reservoir Safety program has prioritized Missouri counties for completion of mapping.”

The mapping was begun in Missouri in September 2009; the timeframe for mapping all the regulated high hazards dams in the state is a little over three years. It is expected that the mapping of the regulated high hazard dams in Cooper County will be carried out between 2011 and 2012 according to inspectors from Dam Safety Program. After an inundation study on a dam is finished, it will be the responsibility of the dam owner to work with the County Emergency Management Director in developing an Emergency Action Plan for the dam.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 95 3.2 Drought

Description of Hazard

The National Weather Service defines a drought as “a period of abnormally dry weather which persists long enough to produce a serious hydrologic imbalance (for example crop damage, water supply shortage, etc.) The severity of the drought depends upon the degree of moisture deficiency, and the duration and the size of the affected area.”

Droughts occur either through a lack of precipitation (supply droughts) or overuse of water (water use droughts). Supply droughts are natural phenomenon associated with lower than normal precipitation. Water use droughts are when the uses of water by humans outpace what the surrounding environment can naturally support. Water use droughts can theoretically happen anywhere but are generally seen in arid climates, not humid places such as Missouri. At the present time, Missouri is most vulnerable to supply droughts brought on by a lack of precipitation.

The period of lack of precipitation needed to produce a supply drought will vary between regions and the particular manifestations of a drought are influenced by many factors. As an aid to analysis and discussion, the research literature has defined different categories of drought (see Figure 3.2.1).

Figure 3.2.1 Drought Categories Agricultural drought Defined by soil moisture deficiencies Defined by declining surface and Hydrological drought groundwater supplies Meteorological drought Defined by precipitation deficiencies Defined as meteorological drought in one Hydrological drought and land use area that has hydrological impacts in another area Defined as drought impacting supply and Socioeconomic drought demand of some economic commodity Source: “Missouri Drought Plan,” Missouri Department of Natural Resources – Geological Survey and Resource Assessment, Water Resources Report No. 69, 2002

The most common type of drought in Mid-Missouri is the agricultural drought which happens on average every five years. Widespread crop damage, particularly to corn, is associated with agricultural drought in Missouri. The socioeconomic consequences of a drought can reach far beyond those immediately damaged.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 96 Measuring Drought

Droughts vary in severity. Numerous indices have been developed to measure drought severity; each tool has its strengths and weaknesses.

One of the oldest and most widely used indices is the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, see Figure 3.2.2), which is published jointly by NOAA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The PDSI measures the difference between water supply (precipitation and soil moisture) and water demand (amount needed to replenish soil moisture and keep larger bodies of water at normal levels.)

Figure 3.2.2 Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) Score Characteristics Greater than 4 Extreme moist spell 3.0 to 3.9 Very moist spell 2.0 to 2.9 Unusual moist spell 1.0 to 1.9 Moist spell .5 to .9 Incipient moist spell .4 to -.4 Near normal conditions -.5 to -.9 Incipient drought -1 to –1.9 Mild drought -2 to –2.9 Moderate drought -3 to –3.9 Severe drought Below -4 Extreme drought

Missouri is divided into six regions of similar climactic conditions for PDSI reporting; Cooper County is located in the West Central Region.

The Missouri Department of Natural Resource’s drought response system is based on the PDSI and has four phases of increasing severity:

. Phase 1: Advisory Phase - Water monitoring analysis indicates anticipated drought. . Phase 2: Drought Alert - PDSI reads -10 to -20; and stream flow, reservoir levels and groundwater levels are below normal over a period of several months. . Phase 3: Conservation Phase - PDSI reads between -2 to -4; stream flow, reservoir levels and groundwater levels continue to decline; and forecasts indicate an extended period of below-normal precipitation. . Phase 4: Drought Emergency - PSDI reads lower than -4.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 97 A newer index which is currently being used by The National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) is the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). This index is based on the probability of precipitation; the time scale used in the probability estimates can be varied and makes the tool very flexible. The SPI is able to identify emerging droughts months sooner than is possible with the PDSI.

Geographic Location

The entire Planning area is potentially at risk for drought. However, since the most common drought in central Missouri is agricultural drought, the jurisdiction most at risk is the unincorporated agricultural area of Cooper County. This is the area where farmers are at risk for crop failure from drought and would suffer the most immediate and severe economic loss.

Previous Occurrences

Even though Cooper County averages between 38”- 42”of precipitation per year, it has been subject to droughts in the past. Between 1999 and 2008 Cooper County had $12,028,047 in Total Crop Insurance Payments for drought damage.

Historical information concerning droughts prior to the 20th Century is difficult to find. However, tree-ring research at the University of Missouri, chronicling the years 1912 to 2004, indicates a regular 18.6 year cycle of drought in the Midwest.

More information is available for droughts in the 20th and current centuries. Missouri suffered drought in the 1930s and the early 1940s, along with most of the central United States. These were the Dust Bowl years in the southern plains.

The years 1953-1957 were actually drier years in Missouri than the Dust Bowl years. Missouri was specifically hit in 1954 and 1956 by an extreme decrease in precipitation. Crop yields were down by as much as 50%, leading to negative impacts on the agricultural and regional economies of the region.

The last major nationwide drought was in the late 1980’s. The 1980’s drought hit the Northern Great Plains and Northern Midwest particularly hard. Missouri suffered economic losses due to decreased barge traffic and low water in the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Furthermore, some municipalities suffered from very low water resources and in some instances exhausted all of their normal water sources, according to the Missouri Hazard Analysis (SEMA, August 1997).

Most of Missouri was in a drought condition during the last half of 1999, according to the Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2010). In September, the governor declared an agricultural emergency for the entire state. In October, all counties were declared agricultural disaster areas by the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture. By May of 2000, the entire state was under a Phase 2 Drought Alert. The drought continued through the summer of 2000 in various parts of the state.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 98 Another drought hit western and northwestern Missouri in the years 2002 to 2004; Cooper County was on the eastern edge of the serious drought but was put in a Phase 1 Drought Advisory in the summer of 2003.

The county did not fare as well in the drought years of 2005-2006, however. The droughts of 2005 and 2006 caused great hardship for many crop and livestock producers in the state. Cooper County was one of 30 Missouri counties in Phase 3 Conservation in July 2005. In August, all 114 Missouri counties and the City of St. Louis were designated as natural disasters for physical and/or production loss loan assistance from the Farm Service Agency (FSA); conditions began to improve in late August/September 2005. By September of 2006, however, the county was again in Phase 3 Conservation which persisted through most of November. In October, Cooper County was one of 85 Missouri counties designated by the USDA as primary natural disaster areas due to losses from the drought conditions of 2006. Conditions began to improve with a large snowstorm in late November/early December.

Cooper County was in a Phase 1 Drought Advisory in both February and October of 2007.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 99 Measure of Probability and Severity

Probability: Low Severity: Low

The Missouri Department of Natural Resources has defined different regions of drought susceptibility in the Missouri Drought Plan (2002). A map of the different regions is shown in Figure 3.2.3.

Figure 3.2.3

Most of Cooper County lies in Region B which is defined as “…moderate drought susceptibility. Groundwater resources are adequate to meet domestic and municipal water needs, but due to required well depths, irrigation wells are very expensive. The topography generally is unsuitable for row-crop irrigation.”

A wedge of land in the north/northwest part of the county lies in Region C which is defined as “…severe drought vulnerability. Surface water resources usually become inadequate during extended drought. Groundwater resources are normally poor, and typically supply enough water only for domestic needs. Irrigation is generally not feasible. When irrigation is practical, groundwater withdrawal may affect other uses. Surface water sources are used to supplement irrigation supplied by groundwater sources.”

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 100 The northernmost strip of the county, bordering the Missouri River, lies in Region A which is defined as having “…minor surface and groundwater supply drought susceptibility. It is a region underlain by saturated sands and gravels (alluvial deposits). Surface and groundwater resources are generally adequate for domestic, municipal, and agricultural needs.”

Existing Mitigation Strategies

The Missouri Department of Natural Resources publishes a weekly map from The Drought Monitor on their website at: http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/wrc/drought/nationalcondition.htm. The Drought Monitor is a comprehensive drought monitoring effort involving numerous federal agencies, state climatologists, and the National Drought Mitigation Center. It is located at the National Drought Mitigation Center in Lincoln, Nebraska. The new Drought Monitor Map, based on analysis of data collected, is released weekly on Thursday at 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time. The map focuses on broad-scale conditions and is linked to the data sets analyzed.

The University of Missouri Extension has a number of publications for both farmers and homeowners to help mitigate the effects of drought. They are available at:

http://extension.missouri.edu/main/DisplayCategory.aspx?C=257

The National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) is located at the University of Nebraska- Lincoln. The following is a description of their activities from their website (http://drought.unl.edu/):

“The National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) helps people and institutions develop and implement measures to reduce societal vulnerability to drought, stressing preparedness and risk management rather than crisis management. Most of the NDMC’s services are directed to state, federal, regional, and tribal governments that are involved in drought and water supply planning. The NDMC, established in 1995, is based in the School of Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The NDMC’s activities include maintaining an information clearinghouse and drought portal; drought monitoring, including participation in the preparation of the U.S. Drought Monitor and maintenance of the web site (drought.unl.edu/dm); drought planning and mitigation; drought policy; advising policy makers; collaborative research; K-12 outreach; workshops for federal, state, and foreign governments and international organizations; organizing and conducting seminars, workshops, and conferences; and providing data to and answering questions for the media and the general public. The NDMC is also participating in numerous international projects, including the establishment of regional drought preparedness networks in collaboration with the United Nations’ Secretariat for the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.”

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 101 Drought Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: Cooper County, Boonville, Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove, and Wooldridge

Overview

All jurisdictions in the planning area are vulnerable to the effects of drought; the unincorporated agricultural areas of Cooper County are most vulnerable to the effects of drought because of crop loss. In addition to damage to crops, produce, livestock, and soil, and the resulting economic consequences, the arid conditions created by drought pose an increased risk of fire.

Potential Impact on Existing Structures

Structural impact in regard to this hazard is minimal to non-existent. Drought does, however, have far reaching economic consequences in regard to crop failure and high economic loss. The economic loss incurred would heavily impact the agricultural industry and those businesses dependent upon that industry for products. The following damage information is from the Missouri State hazard Mitigation Plan 2010:

Figure 3.2.4 Drought Damage - Cooper County, Missouri Total Crop Insurance Paid For Drought Damage 1998-2008 $12,028,047 Crop Claims Ratio Rating 4 Annualized Crop Insurance Claims/Drought Damage $1,093,459 Crop Exposure (2007 Census of Agriculture) $42,447,000 Annual Crop Claims Ratio 2.58% Crop Loss Ratio Rating 5 Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2010)

Potential Impact on Future Development

Future development in the county can be at risk from the effects of drought. Good land management techniques are crucial in mitigating future impacts.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 102 3.3 Earthquake Hazard Description

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) describes an earthquake as “a sudden movement of the earth's crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along geologic faults or by volcanic activity.” Earthquakes can be one of the most destructive forces of nature causing death, destruction of property, and billions of dollars of damage.

The New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), which runs through southeastern Missouri, is the most active seismic zone east of the Rocky Mountains. Any hazard mitigation planning in Missouri must, of necessity, take possible earthquakes into account.

Missouri and much of the Midwest can feel earthquakes from very far away because the geology of the area is more amenable to ground shaking than the California geology. New Madrid earthquakes can cover up to twenty times the area of typical California earthquakes because of this differing geology.

Measuring Earthquake Magnitude and Intensity

In any discussion of earthquakes, it is important to distinguish between two measurements: magnitude and intensity.

The magnitude of an earthquake is a measurement of the actual energy released by the quake at its epicenter. In the U.S., it is commonly measured by the Richter Scale denoted with an Arabic numeral (e.g. 6.0).

The intensity of an earthquake refers to the potentially damaging effects of a quake at any particular site. Intensity is measured by the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) and expressed by a Roman numeral (e.g. VI).

A single earthquake will thus have one magnitude but different intensities depending on a location’s distance from the epicenter of the quake, intervening soil type, and other factors.

Geographic Location

The entire Planning area is at risk for the effects of an earthquake along the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Areas close to the Missouri River may be particularly vulnerable. The soil, or alluvium, along river channels is especially vulnerable to liquefaction from earthquake waves; river alluvium also tends to amplify the waves.

Previous Occurrences

Historical quakes along the New Madrid Seismic Zone in southeastern Missouri have been some of the largest in U.S. history since European settlement. The Great New Madrid Earthquake of 1811-1812 was a series of over 2000 quakes which caused destruction over a very large area. According to information from Missouri SEMA’s Earthquake Program, some of the quakes measured at least 7.6 in magnitude and five of them measured 8.0 or more.

The 1811-1812 quakes changed the course of the Mississippi River. Some of the shocks were felt as far away as Washington D.C. and Boston.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 103

The first federal disaster relief act was a result of the Great New Madrid Earthquake of 1811-1812. President James Madison signed an act into law which issued “New Madrid Certificates” for government lands in other territories to residents of New Madrid County who wanted to leave the area.

Measure of Probability and Severity

Probability: High Severity: High

How likely are earthquakes along the New Madrid Seismic Zone? In 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) released the following expectations for earthquakes in the zone in following 50 years:

 25-40% percent chance of a magnitude 6.0 and greater earthquake.  7 -10% chance of a magnitude 7.5 - 8.0 quake (magnitudes similar to those in 1811- 1812)

The State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) has made projections of the highest earthquake intensities which would be experienced throughout the state of Missouri should various magnitude quakes occur along the New Madrid Seismic Zone (see Figure 3.3.1), as measured by the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (see Figure 3.3.2 and 3.3.3). The pertinent information for Cooper County is summarized in Figure 3.3.1.

Figure 3.3.1 Projected Earthquake Hazard for Cooper County Probability Intensity in Magnitude at of Cooper County Expected Damage NMSZ Occurrence (MMI) (2002 -2052) 6.7 25-40% V Minimal to none 7.6 7-10% VI Slight

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 104

Figure 3.3.2 Highest Projected Modified Mercalli Intensities by County

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 105

Figure 3.3.3 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale I. Instrumental Not felt by many people unless in favorable conditions. Felt only by a few people at best, especially on the upper floors of buildings. II. Feeble Delicately suspended objects may swing. Felt quite noticeably by people indoors, especially on the upper floors of buildings. Many do not recognize it as an earthquake. Standing motor cars III. Slight may rock slightly. Vibration similar to the passing of a truck. Duration estimated.

Felt indoors by many people, outdoors by few people during the day. At night, some awakened. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make IV. Moderate cracking sound. Sensation like heavy truck striking building. Standing motor cars rock noticeably. Dishes and windows rattle alarmingly.

Felt outside by most, may not be felt by some outside in non-favorable V. Rather Strong conditions. Dishes and windows may break and large bells will ring. Vibrations like large train passing close to house. Felt by all; many frightened and run outdoors, walk unsteadily. Windows, VI. Strong dishes, glassware broken; books fall off shelves; some heavy furniture moved or overturned; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight.

Difficult to stand; furniture broken; damage negligible in building of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; VII. Very Strong considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken. Noticed by people driving motor cars.

Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable in ordinary substantial buildings with partial collapse. Damage great in poorly built VIII. Destructive structures. Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls. Heavy furniture moved.

General panic; damage considerable in specially designed structures, well IX. Ruinous designed frame structures thrown out of plumb. Damage great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations. Some well built wooden structures destroyed; most masonry and frame X. Disastrous structures destroyed with foundation. Rails bent. Few, if any masonry structures remain standing. Bridges destroyed. Rails XI. Very Disastrous bent greatly. Total damage - Almost everything is destroyed. Lines of sight and level XII. Catastrophic distorted. Objects thrown into the air. The ground moves in waves or ripples. Large amounts of rock may move position.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 106 Existing Mitigation Strategies

An ongoing mitigation activity in the Planning Area is the training of staff in earthquake safety/response. Personnel of the Cooper County Emergency Management Agency are well- trained and well-equipped to respond to disasters of all types.

School Districts

Unlike neighboring Howard and Boone Counties, Cooper County is not mandated by law to provide training and exercises to students in preparation for a large earthquake because they are located in lower intensity area. That being said, the Cooper County Emergency Management Agency and Cooper County Public Health Center participated with local partners during the week of May 16 to 20 in a state wide earthquake preparedness drill. According to a May 24th article in the Boonville Daily News, the goals of this exercise were to test:  Communications  Critical resource logistics and distribution  Mass care  Medical surge  Citizen evacuation and shelter-in-place  Emergency public information and warning  Emergency operations center management

Earthquake Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: All Jurisdictions, excluding levee districts.

Overview

As discussed previously, the USGS in 2002 projected a fairly high chance of an earthquake in the New Madrid Seismic Zone in the following 50 years which, according to SEMA, would cause “Strong” effects in the Planning Area. “Strong” earthquake effects would result in minimal property damage.

As with any traumatic event, the potential for “emotional aftershocks” exists with any earthquake event. Major earthquake events require mental health services for people dealing with loss, stress, anxiety, fear, and other difficult emotions. Even a smaller quake, however, has the potential for emotional repercussions; the sudden movement of something experienced as stable for one’s entire life (the earth itself) can be very traumatic.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 107 Potential Impact on Existing Structures

Impact Assessment --- Earthquake

High Vulnerability = 10 - 100% of buildings impacted Maximum Calculated Impact (100%) Building Type Jurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial Agricultural Religious Governmental Educational Planning Area 7436 410 111 142 43 23 17 Cooper County (unincorporated 3113 163 63 127 11 4 2 areas) Boonville 3122 192 36 12 22 12 9 Bunceton 269 14 3 0 1 1 1 Otterville 254 9 2 0 3 1 1 Pilot Grove 335 18 3 1 5 1 2 Wooldridge 21 1 0 0 0 0 0

HAZUS MH

Potential Impact on Future Development

Impacts on future development may be mitigated by following more stringent earthquake resistant building codes. However, this type of mitigation activity may not be cost effective for most communities. Cooper County does not Planning and Zoning.

The potential impact of earthquakes on future development would be the same as for existing structures.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 108 3.4 Extreme Heat

Description of Hazard

Extreme heat is the number one weather-related killer in the United States, according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In contrast to the visible, destructive, and violent nature of floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes, extreme heat is a silent killer. Heat kills by overloading the human body’s capacity to cool itself. According to information from NOAA, more than 1500 people die on average from excessive heat each year in the United States.

Air temperature is not the only factor to consider when assessing the likely effects of extreme heat. High humidity often accompanies heat in Missouri and increases the danger. The human body cools itself by perspiring; the evaporation of perspiration carries excess heat from the body. High humidity makes it difficult for perspiration to evaporate and thus interferes with this natural cooling mechanism.

The Heat Index devised by the NWS takes into account both air temperature and relative humidity (See Figure 3.4.1). The Heat Index, also known as the apparent temperature, is a measure of how hot it really feels.

Figure 3.4.1 Heat Index RELATIVE HUMIDITY A 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% I 110° 136 R 108° 130 137 106° 124 130 137 T 104° 119 124 131 137 E 102° 114 119 124 130 137 M 100° 109 114 118 124 129 136 P 98° 105 109 113 117 123 128 134 E 96° 101 104 108 112 116 121 126 132 R 94° 97 100 102 106 110 114 119 124 129 135 A 92° 94 96 99 101 105 108 112 116 121 126 131 T 90° 91 93 95 97 100 103 106 109 113 117 122 127 132 U 88° 88 89 91 93 95 98 100 103 106 110 113 117 121 R 86° 85 87 88 89 91 93 95 97 100 102 105 108 112 E 84° 83 84 85 86 88 89 90 92 94 96 98 100 103 82° 81 82 83 84 84 85 86 88 89 90 91 93 95 F° 80° 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 84 84 85 86 86 87 Source: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/heat/index.shtml

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 109 Residents of both urban and rural areas are vulnerable to excessive heat. There are many factors such as age, general level of health, outdoor activity level, and availability of air conditioning that will affect the actual risk level.

Geographic Location

The entire Planning area is at risk from extreme heat events.

Previous Occurrences

Cooper County has had many periods of extreme heat in the last two decades (see Figure 3.4.2). The data indicates that extreme heat usually occurs in July and August.

When examining the data in Figure 3.xx, it is important to take into consideration that the deaths, injuries, and economic losses represent all counties in Missouri affected by the period of extreme heat. None of the deaths recorded in the data occurred in Cooper County, however.

Figure 3.4.2 Periods of Extreme Heat in Cooper County, 1994-2009 Heat Property Crop Duration Date Deaths Injuries Index Damage Damage (days) 06/12/94 100+ 4 55 0 50K 12 07/18/99 100-115 22 0 0 0 14 08/28/00 105-110 0 0 0 0 4 09/01/00 100+ 3 0 0 0 3 07/06/01 115 2 0 0 0 3 07/17/01 NA 2 0 0 0 8 08/01/01 105-113 4 0 0 0 5 08/09/01 105-110 1 0 0 0 1 07/04/03 105 1 0 0 0 2 07/21/05 105-110 0 0 0 0 5 07/16/06 105-115 4 0 0 0 5 07/29/06 105-115 0 0 0 0 3 08/01/06 105-115 2 0 0 0 2 08/06/07 105-115 0 0 0 0 12 TOTALS 45 55 0 50K Source: http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 110 Measures of Probability and Severity

Probability: Moderate Severity: Moderate

Existing Mitigation Activities

The following departments, agencies, and organizations all are involved in educating the public about the dangers of extremely hot weather and/or issuing alerts when the threat of extreme heat is imminent.

Cooper County Emergency Management and the Cooper County Health Department issue alerts to notify the public of extreme heat conditions. The alerts urge the public to check on their neighbors and to seek cooling in local shopping centers or library, if needed.

Local Media such as Television and Radio stations issue heat advisories during extreme heat events.

The Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services announces statewide hot weather health alerts according to the following criteria:

 Hot Weather Health Alert – Heat indices of 105°F in a large portion of the state are first reached (or predicted)

 Hot Weather Health Warning – Heat indices have been 105°F or more for two days in a large portion of the state, or weather forecasts call for continued heat stress conditions for at least 24 to 48 hours over a large portion of the state.

 Hot Weather Health Emergency – When extensive areas of the state meet all of the following criteria: . High sustained level of heat stress (Heat Index of 105°F for 3 days) . Increased numbers of heat-related illnesses and deaths statewide . The NWS predicts hot, humid temperatures for the next several days for a large portion of the state.

The National Weather Service (NWS) has devised a method to warn of advancing heat waves up to seven days in advance. The new Mean Heat Index is a measure of how hot the temperatures actually feel to a person over the course of a full 24 hours. It differs from the traditional Heat Index in that it is an average of the Heat Index from the hottest and coldest times of each day.

The National Weather Service initiates alert procedures when the Heat Index is expected to exceed 105°- 110°F for at least two consecutive days. (The exact Heat Index temperature used depends on specifics of the local climate.) The following are released to the media and over NOAA All-Hazard Weather Radio:

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 111  Heat Index values are included in zone and city forecasts.  Special Weather Statements and/or Public Information Statements are issued which present a detailed discussion of the Heat Index Values, who is most at risk, and safety rules for reducing risk.  In severe heat waves, State and local health officials are assisted in preparing Civil Emergency Messages which include Special Weather Statements and more detailed medical information, advice, and names and telephone numbers of health officials.

The Missouri Department of Health and Human Services also maintains a searchable online map/database of cooling centers throughout the state (http://gis.dhss.mo.gov/Website/coolingCenter/coolingCenter.html#).

As of 2010, the following cooling center is listed for Cooper County:  Boonslick Senior Center, 415 Main St., Boonville

The Missouri State High School Activities Association (MSHSAA) provides coaches with educational pamphlets on the dangers of excessive heat.

Weather Forecast Offices of the National Weather Service (NWS) can issue the following warnings about excessive heat:

 Excessive Heat Outlook: Potential exists for an excessive heat event in the next 3 to 7 days. An outlook is used to indicate that a heat event may develop. It is intended to provide information to those who need considerable lead time to prepare for the event, such as public utilities, emergency management and public health officials.

 Excessive Heat Watch: Conditions are favorable for an excessive heat event in the next 12 to 48 hours. A watch is used when the risk of a heat wave has increased, but its occurrence and timing is still uncertain. It is intended to provide enough lead time so those who need to set their plans in motion can do so, such as established individual city excessive heat event mitigation plans.

 Excessive Heat Warning/Advisory: An excessive heat event is expected in the next 36 hours. The warning is used for conditions posing a threat to life or property. An advisory is for less serious conditions that cause significant discomfort or inconvenience and, if caution is not taken, could lead to a threat to life and/or property.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 112 Extreme Heat Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: All Jurisdictions, excluding levee districts.

Overview

All jurisdictions are vulnerable to the effects of extreme heat. While heat-related illness and death can occur due to exposure to intense heat in just one afternoon, heat stress on the body has a cumulative effect. The persistence of a heat wave increases the danger. Loss of life is the most significant consequence of extreme heat. The elderly and those active or employed in outdoor settings are most vulnerable. According to the World Health Organization, “elderly” is defined as those over the age of 65. Elderly are the most susceptible to complications from excessive and/or prolonged cold or heat. According to the US Census Bureau website the estimated Cooper County 2010 elderly population stands at 2,702. Residents without access to air conditioning, water, and shade are most vulnerable.

In addition to the human toll, the Midwestern Climate Center, in a paper on the 1999 heat wave, points out other possible impacts such as electrical infrastructure damage and failure, highway damage, crop damage, water shortages, livestock deaths, fish kills, and lost productivity among outdoor-oriented businesses. These damages are also connected to Drought when there are prolonged and/or recurrent periods of excessive heat.

Potential Impact on Existing Structures

While loss of life is of the most concern with this hazard, structural impacts also exist. While impacts exist they are limited and dependent on how prolonged the heat wave is. Failure of road surfaces, electrical infrastructure, and crop damage may all occur. There is no way to quantify the extent of structural damage for this hazard at this time.

Potential Impact on Future Development

Potential impacts of this hazard on future development are not quantifiable with the resources available.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 113 3.5 Flood

Description of Hazard

Cooper County and its jurisdictions are at great risk for flooding because the northern border of the County is situated on the bank of the Missouri River, the longest river in the United States. The Missouri River drains approximately one-sixth of the area of the continental United States, according to the USGS. It drains over half the state of Missouri as it flows eastward to join the Mississippi River at St. Louis. Since Cooper County is located less than 200 miles upstream from the mouth of this 2,540 mile river, it is obvious that flooding is a major concern for the county. There are also numerous creeks throughout the county with year-round water flows draining into the Missouri River.

Flooding is defined as partial or complete inundation of usually dry areas. Riverine flooding refers to when a river or creek overflows its normal boundaries. A rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters may impact smaller rivers and creeks and cause flash flooding. Flash flooding can also occur as a result of dams being breached or overtopped. Flash floods can develop in just a matter of hours and are responsible for more flood related deaths than any other type of flooding.

The areas adjacent to rivers and stream banks that serve to carry excess floodwater during rapid runoff are called floodplains. A floodplain is defined as the lowland and relatively flat areas adjoining rivers and streams. The term base flood, or 100-year flood, is the area in the floodplain that is subject to a one percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year, based upon historical records.

In some cases, however, flooding may not be directly attributable to a river, stream or lake overflowing its banks. It may simply be the combination of excessive rainfall and/or snowmelt, saturated ground, and inadequate drainage. With no place else to go, water will find the lowest elevations, areas that are often not in a floodplain. This type of flooding, often referred to as sheet flooding, is becoming increasingly prevalent as development outstrips the ability of the drainage infrastructure to properly carry and disburse the water flow.

Local storm water flooding can result when a tremendous flow of water occurs due to large rain events. Local flooding can create public safety issues due to flooded roadways and drainage structures.

Most flooding in Cooper County occurs in spring and summer but floods can occur in any season.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 114 Geographic Location

The entire planning area is at risk from some type of flooding. Boonville, Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove, Wooldridge, and the unincorporated areas of Cooper County near the Missouri River, Lamine River, and Petite Saline Rive are at higher risk of riverine flooding than the rest of the county.

The current Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) for Cooper County is dated 5/3/2011; it shows the flood zones for these jurisdictions at greater risk. Flood zones are geographic areas defined according to varying levels of flood risk; each zone reflects the severity or type of flooding in the area.

The FIRMS for the participating jurisdictions at greater risk are included (see figures 3.5.1- 3.5.6).

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 115 Figure 3.5.1

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 116 Figure 3.5.2

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 117 Figure 3.5.3

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 118 Figure 3.5.4

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 119 Figure 3.5.5

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 120 Figure 3.5.6

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 121 Flash flooding areas are a concern for all jurisdictions in the planning area. Flash flooding occurs throughout the planning area and as a result low water crossings can be potentially high risk areas for accidents due to high water. Road closures in these areas are rare due to the quick rise a fall of water levels. Figure 3.5.7 depicts low water crossing locations.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 122 Figure 3.5.7

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 123 Previous Occurrences

The floods of 1993 and 1995 were the worst repetitive flood events in Missouri history, according to the Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2007). There was also severe flooding in the state in 1994. There were five presidential disaster declarations for flooding during this period; Cooper County was included in Disaster Declaration # 995 (July 9, 1993) and Disaster Declaration #1054 (June 2, 1995). Figure 3.5.8 depicts the extent of the 1993 flood waters. Figure 3.5.9 gives a list of documented flooding events in the county.

After a Presidential Disaster Declaration, Public Assistance (PA) and/or Individual Assistance (IA) is made available through FEMA. Cooper County was eligible for both PA and IA from each of these disaster declarations.

Figure 3.5.8

In the summer of 2011 the Missouri River flooded again, this time stemming not from significant precipitation in Mid-Missouri Region, but from high precipitation and snow melt in Montana and North Dakota. Higher than normal rain and snow in the winter and spring of 2011 caused wide scale flooding several states including; North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas,

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 124 and Missouri. According to the National Weather Service the Upper Missouri River Valley received more rainfall in the month of May than it does in an entire year.

While Cooper County was spared from incurring damage to residences or businesses, unlike upriver neighbors, it was not spared from seepage through levee walls. All levee districts in Cooper County had to pump water from inside levee walls during the months of June and July. Cooper County was part of both the Emergency Declaration #3325 and the Presidential Disaster Declaration #1980 and eligible for PA and IA. Significant pumping was needed in all levee districts as well as sandbagging and maintenance of the levee in the Village of Wooldridge. The levee that protects a portion of Wooldridge had been in serious disrepair. As flood waters were rising, volunteers, county workers, and the National Guard work to clear debris on the levee and then placed sand bags to add extra protection. Thankfully, the river crested without reaching the levee.

In addition to the river floods of 1993, 1995, and 2011, data from NOAA indicates numerous other flooding events in Cooper County since 1993. The Missouri River flood in April 1994 caused $5 million in property damage and $5 million in crop damage across 79 Missouri counties; the portion of this reported loss which occurred in Cooper County is not indicated in the NOAA data.

Flash flooding can be particularly hazardous in that there may be very little warning for travelers. The NOAA data contains specific information about two flash flooding events where travelers were endangered in Cooper County. Two cars were swept off Highway 5 near Bunceton in the flash flood on June 10, 2007. In the other incident, a car was stalled on Highway W near Prairie Home with floodwaters reaching the door of the vehicle (Sept. 12, 2008). No indication of injury was given in the data for these incidents.

The death reported from the flooding in June 1999 did not occur in Cooper County.

Figure 3.5.9 Cooper County Historic Flood Data Property Crop Location Date Type Deaths Injuries Damage Damage 8/11/1993 - Flash County Roads 0 0 0 0 8/12/1993 Flood Flash County Roads 9/22/1993 0 0 1K 0 Flood 4/11/1994 - River 79 counties and City of St. Louis 0 0 5.0M 5.0M 4/19/1994 Flood Lamine River (Highway 41 between 4/11/1994 - Flash Lamine and I-70), Blackwater River 0 0 0 0 4/12/1994 Flood (Co. Rd. K west of Lamine) 5/7/1995 - River 32 counties 0 0 2.8M 2.0M 5/31/1995 Flood

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 125 Property Crop Location Date Type Deaths Injuries Damage Damage Petite Saline Creek (Rte. U SE of Flash 5/24/1995 0 0 0 0 Boonville) Flood 6/6/1995 - River 16 counties 0 0 700K 2.0M 6/30/1995 Flood 7/4/1995 - River 16 counties 0 0 0 0 7/22/1995 Flood 8/2/1995 - River 16 counties 0 0 0 0 8/10/1995 Flood 5/5/1996 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 5/9/1996 5/6/1996 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 5/8/1996 5/8/1996 - Missouri River Flood 0 0 0 0 5/16/1996 5/25/1996 - Missouri River Flood 0 0 0 0 5/31/2996 6/1/1996 - Missouri River Flood 0 0 0 0 6/11/1996 6/18/1996 - Missouri River Flood 0 0 0 0 6/20/1996 6/25/1996 - Missouri River Flood 0 0 0 0 6/30/1996 7/21/1996 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 7/23/1996 7/21/1996 - Missouri River Flood 0 0 0 0 7/24/1996 2/21/1997 - 13 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 2/28/1997 2/26/1997 - 5 counties (Lamine River) Flood 0 0 0 0 2/28/1997 4/5/1997 - 6 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 4/30/1997 4/11/1997 - 13 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 4/20/1997 5/1/1997 - 6 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 5/31/1997 3 counties (Petite Saline Creek, Lamine 2/11/1998 - Flood 0 0 0 0 River) 2/13/1998 7 counties (Petite Saline Creek, Lamine 3/8/1998 - Flood 0 0 0 0 River) 3/13/1998 3/15/1998 - 5 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 3/23/1998

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 126 Property Crop Location Date Type Deaths Injuries Damage Damage 14 counties (Missouri River, Petite 3/28/1998 - Flood 0 0 0 0 Saline Creek, Lamine River) 3/31/1998 12 counties (Missouri River, Petite 4/1/1998 - Flood 0 0 0 0 Saline Creek) 4/6/1998 4/8/1998 - 10 counties (Missouri River) Flood 0 0 0 0 4/18/1998 4/27/1998 - 7 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 4/30/1998 6/4/1998 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 6/5/1998 6/8/1998 - 3 counties (Lamine River) Flood 0 0 0 0 6/10/1998 6/10/1998 - 6 counties (Missouri River) Flood 0 0 0 0 6/25/1998 10 counties (Petite Saline Creek, 6/20/1998 - Flood 0 0 0 0 Lamine River) 6/26/1998 2 counties (Missouri River) 7/1/1998 Flood 0 0 0 0 7/4/1998 - 4 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 7/11/1998 7/26/1998 - 2 counties (Lamine River) Flood 0 0 0 0 7/27/1998 6 counties (Petite Saline Creek, Lamine 7/27/1998 - Flood 0 0 0 0 River) 7/31/1998 Lamine River at Otterville 7/29/1998 Flood 0 0 0 0 4 counties (Missouri River, Petite Saline 8/1/1998 - Flood 0 0 0 0 Creek) 8/5/1998 9/13/1998 - 9 counties (Missouri River) Flood 0 0 0 0 9/21/1998 15 counties (Missouri River, Petite 10/1/1998 - Flood 0 0 0 0 Saline Creek, Lamine River) 10/11/1998 9 counties (Missouri River, Petite Saline 10/17/1998 - Flood 0 0 0 0 Creek) 10/23/1998 11/1/1998 - 14 counties (Missouri River) Flood 0 0 0 0 11/15/1998 1/22/1999 - 3 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 1/23/1999 6 counties (Petite Saline Creek, Lamine 1/31/1999 Flood 0 0 0 0 River) 5 counties (Petite Saline Creek, Lamine 2/1/1999 - Flood 0 0 0 0 River) 2/5/1999 5 counties (Petite Saline Creek, Lamine 2/7/1999 - Flood 0 0 0 0 River) 2/8/1999

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 127 Property Crop Location Date Type Deaths Injuries Damage Damage 3/8/1999 - 6 counties (Lamine River) Flood 0 0 0 0 3/12/1999 16 counties (Missouri River, Petite 4/14/1999 - Flood 0 0 0 0 Saline Creek, Lamine River) 4/22/1999 4/22/1999 - 12 counties (Missouri River) Flood 0 0 0 2.5M 4/30/1999 5/1/1999 - 6 counties (Missouri River) Flood 0 0 0 0 5/2/1999 12 counties (Missouri River, Petite 5/4/1999 - Flood 0 0 0 0 Saline Creek, Lamine River) 5/10/1999 5/12/1999 - 6 counties (Missouri River) Flood 0 0 0 0 5/31/1999 6/1/1999 - 2 counties (Missouri River) Flood 0 0 0 0 6/3/1999 12 counties (Missouri River, Lamine 6/27/1999 - Flood 1 0 0 750K River) 6/30/1999 7/1/1999 - 8 counties (Missouri River) Flood 0 0 0 0 7/14/1999 2/18/2000 - 3 counties (Lamine River) Flood 0 0 0 0 2/19/2000 2 counties (Petite Saline Creek, Lamine 5/26/2000 - Flood 0 0 0 0 River) 5/29/2000 5/26/2000 - Flash Southern part of County 0 0 0 0 5/27/2000 Flood 6/20/2000 - 4 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 6/22/2000 Petite Saline Creek 8/8/2000 Flood 0 0 0 0 3 counties (Petite Saline Creek, Lamine 1/29/2001 - Flood 0 0 0 0 River) 1/30/2001 2/9/2001 - 11 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 2/11/2001 16 counties (Petite Saline Creek, 2/24/2001 - Flood 0 0 0 0 Lamine River) 2/28/2001 3/13/2001 - 11 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 3/20/2001 4/3/2001 - 4 counties (Lamine River) Flood 0 0 0 0 4/8/2001 Flash Main Street in Bunceton 4/10/2001 0 0 0 0 Flood 4/10/2001 - 6 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 4/17/2001 5/4/2001 - 5 counties (Missouri River) Flood 0 0 0 0 5/10/2001

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 128 Property Crop Location Date Type Deaths Injuries Damage Damage 6/3/2001 - 14 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 6/12/2001 6/14/2001 - 11 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 6/18/2001 6/20/2001 - 16 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 6/26/2001 Lamine River 1/31/2002 Flood 0 0 0 0 Petite Saline Creek 2/1/2002 Flood 0 0 0 0 5/6/2002 - 13 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 5/17/2002 Doyle Road and U Highway near Flash 5/7/2002 0 0 0 0 Boonville Flood 5/8/2002 - 4 counties Flood 0 0 0 0 5/17/2002 5/8/2002 - Flash U Highway near Boonville 0 0 0 0 5/9/2002 Flood 5/11/2002 - 13 counties Flood 0 0 40K 0 5/17/2002 6/12/2002 - 4 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 6/14/2002 5/10/2003 - 6 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 5/12/2003 9/1/2003 - 3 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 9/2/2003 Petite Saline Creek and Lamine River 12/23/2003 Flood 0 0 0 0 3 counties (Petite Saline Creek) 1/18/2004 Flood 0 0 0 0 2 counties (Petite Saline Creek, Lamine 3/4/2004 - Flood 0 0 0 0 River) 3/5/2004 2 counties (countywide) 3/26/2004 Flood 0 0 0 0 3/26/2004 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 3/27/2004

Pilot Grove area (M Highway, Highway Flash 5/19/2004 0 0 0 0 B, bridge washed out on HH Highway) Flood

5/19/2004 - 11 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 5/23/2004

Wooldridge area (Gooches Mill Road Flash between V Highway and Conner Bridge 5/25/2004 0 0 0 0 Flood Road, V Highway at Big Lick Road)

5/25/2004 - 7 counties (Petite Saline Creek) Flood 0 0 0 0 5/27/2004

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 129 Property Crop Location Date Type Deaths Injuries Damage Damage Flash Boonville area (County roads) 5/30/2004 0 0 0 0 Flood 7/24/2004 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 7/25/2004 Flash Roads S/SW of Boonville 8/4/2004 0 0 0 0 Flood Petite Saline Creek 8/4/2004 Flood 0 0 0 0 Lamine River 8/25/2004 Flood 0 0 0 0 11/1/2004 - Petite Saline Creek, Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 11/3/2004 Petite Saline Creek, Lamine River 11/24/2004 Flood 0 0 0 0 11/27/2004 - Petite Saline Creek, Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 11/28/2004 1/3/2005 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 1/6/2005 1/5/2005 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 1/6/2005 Pilot Grove area (Harriman Road by 1/12/2005 - Flash 0 0 0 0 Highway 135) 1/1/3/2005 Flood 1/13/2005 - Petite Saline Creek, Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 1/14/2005 2/13/2005 - Petite Saline Creek, Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 2/14/2005 4/22/2005 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 4/23/2005 Prairie Home area (Highway W 2 miles Flash 6/8/2005 0 0 0 0 south of Highway J) Flood 6/13/2005 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 6/14/2005 6/13/2005 - Missouri River Flood 0 0 0 0 6/15/2005 Flash E/ESE of Boonville 8/18/2005 0 0 0 0 Flood Petite Saline Creek 8/19/2005 Flood 0 0 0 0 8/26/2005 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 8/28/2005 8/26/2005 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 8/27/2005 Flash S/SW of Boonville 8/26/2005 0 0 0 0 Flood Petite Saline Creek S/SE of Boonville 4/30/2006 Flood 0 0 0 0 Petite Saline Creek 2/20/2007 Flood 0 0 0 0

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 130 Property Crop Location Date Type Deaths Injuries Damage Damage 2/24/2007 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 2/25/2007 4/14/2007 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 4/15/2007 5/6/2007 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 5/7/2007 Missouri River 5/7/2007 Flood 0 0 0 0 Flash Bunceton area (Highway 5) 6/10/2007 0 0 2K 0 Flood Flash Otterville area (Highway A) 6/10/2007 0 0 0 0 Flood Petite Saline Creek 6/11/2007 Flood 0 0 0 0 6/28/2007 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 6/30/2007 Flash W of Blackwater 6/29/2007 0 0 0 0 Flood Lamine River 6/30/2007 Flood 0 0 0 0 Lamine River 7/1/2007 Flood 0 0 0 0 Petite Saline Creek 1/8/2008 Flood 0 0 0 0 Petite Saline Creek 2/6/2008 Flood 0 0 0 0 Petite Saline Creek 2/17/2008 Flood 0 0 0 0 2/17/2008 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 2/18/2008 3/3/2008 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 3/4/2008 3/17/2008 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 3/19/2008 3/18/2008 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 3/19/2008 4/10/2008 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 4/11/2008 4/10/2008 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 4/11/2008 4/24/2008 - Petite Saline Creek Flood 0 0 0 0 4/25/2008 4/24/2008 - Lamine River Flood 0 0 0 0 4/25/2008 Lamine River 5/8/2008 Flood 0 0 0 0 Flash Bunceton/Cotton area (Highway B) 9/12/2008 0 0 0 0 Flood Flash S/SW of Prairie Home (Highway W) 9/12/2008 0 0 0 0 Flood

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 131 Property Crop Location Date Type Deaths Injuries Damage Damage Boonville/Clarks Fork area (Highway Flash 9/12/2008 0 0 0 0 87) Flood S/SW of Bellair (Highway E, 2 miles W Flash 9/12/2008 0 0 0 0 of Highway 5) Flood 6/15/2009 - Flash Blackwater area 0 0 0 0 6/16/2009 Flood TOTALS: 1 0 8.543M 12.250M Source: http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms

Repetitive Losses in Cooper County

According to the Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan, there are no repetitive loss properties in Cooper County. Although there are no repetitive loss properties, there has been $111,622 in flood insurance loss payments in the county between1978-2009.

One property in Cooper County was acquired with Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) funds through the Missouri Flood Buyout Program after the 1993 flood. This property was located in the unincorporated community of Overton, close to the Missouri River.

Measure of Probability and Severity

Probability: High - Cooper County, Boonville, Wooldridge, Linneman-Weekly Levee District, and the Overton-Wooldridge Levee District Low – Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove

Severity: High - Wooldridge, Linneman-Weekly Levee District, and the Overton-Wooldridge Levee District Moderate – Cooper County Low - Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove

Existing Mitigation Activities

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

The U.S. Congress established the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) with the passage of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968. The NFIP is a Federal program enabling property owners in participating communities to purchase insurance as a protection against flood losses in exchange for State and community floodplain management regulations that reduce future flood

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 132 damages. Participation in the NFIP is based on an agreement between communities and the Federal Government. If a community adopts and enforces a floodplain management ordinance to reduce future flood risk to new construction in floodplains, the Federal Government will make flood insurance available within the community as a financial protection against flood losses. This insurance is designed to provide an insurance alternative to disaster assistance to reduce the escalating costs of repairing damage to buildings and their contents caused by floods.

Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program is a critical aspect of hazard mitigation planning for it provides communities with direct resources that can be used for controlling the potentially devastating impacts of floods. Furthermore, participation in the program helps communities more easily recover from flood impacts.

The following participating jurisdictions participate in the NFIP: Cooper County, Boonville, and Pilot Grove. Detailed information on NFIP participation is shown in Figure 3.5.10.

Figure 3.5.10 Cooper County Jurisdictions Participating in NFIP Jurisdiction Entry into Program Date of Current FIRM Cooper County 09/01/1989 05/03/2011 Boonville 10/16/1984 05/03/2011 Pilot Grove 11/24/2008 05/03/2011 (M) Wooldridge 04/25/1975 05/03/2011 (S) * (M) indicates that no elevation was determined ** (S) Suspended Community Source: http://www.fema.gov/cis/MO.html

Bunceton and Otterville are not currently participating in the NFIP. Wooldridge is the process of filing the application material to participate in NFIP.

A summary of the NFIP insurance policies in the county is shown in Figure 3.5.11.

Figure 3.5.11 NFIP Policies in Cooper County as of 11/7/2011 Number Community of Amount Insured ($) Total Premium ($) Policies Cooper County 3 388,000 1,244 Boonville 1 1,000,000 1,457 Pilot Grove 0 0 0 Wooldridge 0 0 0 Source: http://bsa.nfipstat.com/reports/1011.htm

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 133 County

Cooper County posts signs at some of their low-water crossing to warn of flooding. Also, many state routes in the county have flood warning signs.

Boonville

Enforces floodplain ordinances, building codes and zoning contribute to this enforcement

Pilot Grove

Enforces floodplain ordinances

Wooldridge

Wooldridge is in the process of applying for acceptance into NFIP. The village is working closely with the Cooper County Commission, SEMA, and FEMA to achieve this goal. The village has also performed extensive maintenance to their levee and flood gate to prepare for future events that may occur.

Other The National Weather Service issues flooding hazard alerts according to three response levels (See Figure 3.5.12). These alerts are broadcast through local media.

Figure 3.5.12 Flood Response Levels Response level Description Flood Watch Flash flooding or flooding is possible within a designated area Flood Warning Flash flooding or flooding has been reported or is imminent Flood Flooding of small streams, streets, and low lying areas, such as Advisory railroad underpasses and some urban drains is occurring

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 134 Flood Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: Cooper County unincorporated area, Blackwater, Boonville, Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove, and Wooldridge.

Overview

Large-scale floods such as the 1993 flood are devastating events for entire regions of the country. Not only was Mid-Missouri impacted but, the entire Midwest suffered large losses in life, property, and crop damage which carried over to the rest of the United States. Transit routes were disrupted, people lost jobs, and crops never made it to market. Small-scale floods or flash flooding can impact a neighborhood or a city but are limited in their spatial extent.

Potential Impact on Existing Structures

Cooper County residents, structures, and infrastructure lying in or near the Missouri River Floodplain or Lamine River Floodplain are all vulnerable to the effects of a major flood. Other structures not within designated floodplains are also vulnerable to the effects of flash flooding brought on by storm water or sheet flooding. Figures 3.5.2-3.5.7 depict the 100 year flood plain for Cooper County. Through the use of high resolution 2007 aerial imagery from the Missouri Spatial Data Service at the University of Missouri, a GIS Specialist for the Mid-Missouri Regional Planning Commission was able to see and count structures in the floodplain. It was found that only Cooper County (unincorporated area), Boonville, Bunceton, and Wooldridge had structures in the floodplain. There were 359 structures in all of Cooper County, with 24 of those in Boonville, one in Bunceton, and 36 in Wooldridge. These “structures” may consist of businesses, residences, towers, outbuildings, or other manmade structures. Further analysis of the data may give a more precise categorization of the structures.

It can be said with certainty that there are not fire stations, schools, nursing homes, hospitals, prisons, government centers, or police stations in the 100 year floodplain.

Both the City of Bunceton and the City of Otterville have their wastewater lagoons located partially within the 100yr floodplain. This has not posed a significant problem for either community.

Potential Impact on Future Development

Impact on future development is directly related to floodplain management and regulations set forth by the county and individual communities.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 135 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Repetitive Loss Properties

[The risk assessment] must also address National Flood Insurance Requirement Program (NFIP) insured structures that have been repetitively §201.6(c)(2)(ii): damaged by floods.

The NFIP defines a Repetitive Loss Property as “any insurable building for which two or more claims of more than $1,000 were paid by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) within any rolling ten-year period, since 1978. At least two of the claims must be more than 10-days apart.” A repetitive loss property may or may not currently be insured by the NFIP.

There are no Repetitive Loss Properties in Cooper County, according to the Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2010).

A Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) property is defined as a single family property that is covered under an NFIP flood insurance policy and: (a) has had at least four NFIP claim payments (including building and contents) over $5,000 each, with the cumulative amount of the claims payments exceeding $20,000; or (b) for which at least two separate claims payments (building payments only) have been made with the cumulative amount of the building portion of such claims exceeding the market value of the building. For both (a) and (b) above, at least two of the referenced claims must have occurred within any ten-year period, and must be greater than 10 days apart.

There are no Severe Repetitive Loss Properties in Cooper County, according to the Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2010).

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 136 3.6 Land Subsidence/Sinkhole

Description of Hazard

The Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2007) gives the following definition for land subsidence and sinkholes: “Land subsidence is sinking of the earth’s surface due to the movement of earth materials below the surface. In the case of sinkholes, the rock below the surface is limestone, carbonate rock, salt beds, or some other rock that can be naturally dissolved by circulating groundwater.” Figure 3.6.1 shows how a sinkhole can develop. According to the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (DNR), sinkholes can occur due to human activities such as construction excavation, well drilling, or mining operations. These activities can cause shifts in buoyancy and/or disturb subsurface voids. Sinkholes vary in size and can potentially cause damage to roads, water/sewer lines, buildings, and lagoons.

Figure 3.6.1

Formation of collapse—Soil bridges gap where sediment has been washing into a solution enlarged fracture, A. Over time, the void migrates upward through the soil, B. After the bridge thins, a sudden collapse, C, often plugs the drain and erosion will, after many years, transform the collapse into a more bowl-shaped sinkhole, D.

-By James E. Kaufmann Source: US Geological Survey

Geographic Location

The only known sinkhole areas in the Planning Area are in unincorporated Cooper County (see Figure 3.6.2). It is important to note that future sinkhole development has the potential to occur near these areas and also in other areas that have no developed sinkholes. Gradual or sudden land subsidence is a key sign of sinkhole formation.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 137

Figure 3.6.2

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 138 Previous Occurrences

There have been no recorded recent occurrences of sinkhole collapse in Cooper County. Just because no occurrences have been recorded does not mean that they have not happened. Previous occurrences of sinkhole development in other parts of Missouri with similar geologic features are a source of concern.

According to the Missouri DNR, sewage lagoons in West Plains and Republic in Southern Missouri were drained of their contents due to the development of sinkholes. Sinkholes drain directly into underground water sources and can impact or pollute area water sources.

In West Plains, sinkholes had drained the lagoon twice before the final collapse; local officials had tried to patch the collapses with cement and other materials. The final collapse in 1978 resulted in sewage draining directly into underground water sources. Mammoth Spring in Arkansas was contaminated and more than 800 local residents reported illness, according to the Missouri DNR. While this occurred in Southern Missouri, the potential exists for a similar situation occurring in the Planning Area.

Measure of Probability and Severity

Probability: Low Severity: Low

Existing Mitigation Strategies

Although Cooper County does not have planning and zoning, county staff is aware of problem areas and encourage residents to use caution when developing in these areas.

Land Subsidence /Sinkhole Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: Cooper County

There are no known sinkholes in any other jurisdictions or in areas that would impact a school district structure.

Overview As stated before, the only known sinkhole areas in the Planning Area are in unincorporated Cooper County. It is important to note the potential for future sinkhole development near these areas and in other areas which presently do not have developed sinkholes. Gradual or sudden land subsidence is a key sign of sinkhole formation.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 139 Potential Impact on Existing Structures

Due to the unpredictable nature of sinkhole collapse, there is no direct way to assess a cost impact for this hazard. Vulnerable structures, roads, or property could potentially be impacted by a sudden and usually localized drop in elevation. The resulting damage incurred from the sinkhole could result in broken roads, building collapse, compromises to water sources, environmental impacts, and/or loss of life. While loss of life could occur, it would most likely be minimal.

Potential Impact on Future Development

It is difficult to assess the effects of sinkholes on future development because sinkhole development is unpredictable and few sinkhole areas have been identified in the Planning Area. However, it should be noted that future development can affect the impact of this hazard. Construction of septic tanks, lagoons, and structures can cause shifts in soil and may plug or disturb karst areas allowing for the formation of a sinkhole. Also, soil disturbance can cause the drainage pattern to change, which may lead to blockage of a sinkhole and potentially cause flooding.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 140 3.7 Levee Failure

Description of Hazard

A levee is defined by the National Flood Insurance Program “a man-made structure, usually an earthen embankment, designed and constructed in accordance with sound engineering practices to contain, control, or divert the flow of water so as to provide protection from temporary flooding.”

Levee failure, according to FEMA, can occur by the following means:

 Overtopping-When a large flood occurs, water can flow over a levee. Called overtopping, the stress exerted by flowing water can cause rapid erosion.

 Piping-Levees are often built over old stream beds. Flood waters will follow these sub grade channels causing a levee to erode internally thereby allowing flood waters to rupture the levee structure.

 Seepage and Saturation-If flood waters sit up against a levee for a long period, the levee may become saturated and eventually collapse.

 Erosion-Most levees are constructed of sand or soil which erodes easily under high- velocity flood waters.

 Structural Failures-Lack of regular maintenance is a key reason levees fail at gates, walls or closure sites.

Federally authorized levees are typically designed and built by the US Army Corps of Engineers in cooperation with a local sponsor then turned over to the local sponsor to operate and maintain.

Non-federal levees are designed, built, and managed by a non-federal entity.

There is no single agency with responsibility for levee oversight. The Corps of Engineers has specific and limited responsibilities for approximately 2,000 levees nationwide.

The responsibilities of local levee owners or sponsors are broad and may include levee safety; land use planning and development; building codes; and operations, maintenance, repair, rehabilitation and/or replacement of the levee. The certification of levees for FEMA’s National Flood Insurance Program is the responsibility of the local levee owner or sponsor.

Federally authorized and some non-federal levees may be eligible for Corps of Engineers rehabilitation assistance funding. It is important to note that current levees in the Planning Area are agricultural levees and as such are built to withstand only 50 year floods.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 141 Geographic Location

The levee districts in Cooper County are found along the Missouri River on the northern and northeastern boundaries of Cooper County (see Figures 3.7.1 – 3.7.2). The levee that protects a portion of the Village of Wooldridge is located in northeastern Cooper County and protects the community from riverine flooding stemming from the Petite Saline Creek (see Figure 3.7.3). The Petite Saline Creek floods a large area of Cooper County when the Missouri River rises and backs up into this tributary.

Previous Occurrences According to the US Army Corps of Engineers, all levees in Cooper County and most of the surrounding counties failed during the 1993 Flood, resulting in the inundation of land and structures being protected.

Structures and communities that were affected by the levee breaches include the City of Boonville, Blackwater, the Blackwater Wastewater Facility, Wooldridge, and several residences and businesses. While the levees do not directly protect these areas, the breaches increased flooding in these locations.

In the summer of 2011 high levels of flooding occurred along the Missouri River stemming from releases from the Gavin’s Point Reservoir near Yankton, South Dakota. The water that was releases from the reservoir and other reservoirs upstream resulted in large scale flooding in the upper Missouri River Valley. These flooded areas included North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri. While flood waters from this event caused severe damage to levees in northwestern Missouri, the central portion of the state fared much better. There were no failures of levees in Cooper County.

While levee failures did not occur, there were instances of seepage coming under levees and causing damage to both agricultural fields and roadways. Both the Linneman-Weekly and Overton-Wooldridge levee districts incurred damage to agricultural fields and had to maintain pumps to keep water out of protected areas.

Wooldridge also took measures to mitigate the effects of the 2011 flooding. On July1, 2011 the Missouri National Guard arrived in Wooldridge to prepare sandbags for the levee. At this time the Petite Saline Creek, which is a tributary to the Missouri River, was backing up into town. Soldiers, volunteers, and prisoners worked to clear vegetation, fill sandbags, and place the bags on the levee. Water levels did not overtop the levee.

In addition to major flooding events, smaller flooding events have caused damage for levee districts. The Overton-Wooldridge Levee District (Figure 3.7.1) experiences periodic flooding stemming from seepage under their levee. According to the Vice-President of the district, Art Schnuck, water from the adjoining wetland area seeps under the levee through sandy soil and causes pooling of water farther inland that should be protected by the levee. Levee district board members stated that this seepage did not occur until the creation of a side channel or chute in the

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 142 wetland by the US Fish and Wildlife Service in 2001. According to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the 1.5 mile chute at Overton Bottoms only receives water from the Missouri River at high river stages and is used for fish sampling.

Measures of Probability and Severity Probability: Moderate Severity: High

Existing Mitigation Strategies

The US Army Corps of Engineers oversees the inspection of the Linneman-Weekly Levee District and the Overton-Wooldridge Levee District; it is up to the owner or sponsor to inspect and fix their levees. Both levee districts and the Village of Wooldridge have a maintenance plan in place.

Most areas behind the three levees in the Planning Area are in designated floodplains and new construction must meet floodplain regulations and/or NFIP guidelines.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 143 Figure 3.7.1

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 144 Figure 3.7.2

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 145 Figure 3.7.3

Levee Failure Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: Cooper County, Wooldridge, Overton-Wooldridge Levee District, and Linneman-Weekly Levee District

Overview

The two main levees in the Planning Area (Overton-Wooldridge Levee District and Linneman- Weekly Levee District) will be addressed in this assessment. Vulnerability assessments are not being completed for the private levees in the Planning Area due to the lack of official data on their locations. The Overton-Wooldridge Levee District and Linneman-Weekly Levee District levees in the Planning Area are agricultural levees. Agricultural levees are usually built to withstand a 50 year flood but these three levees fall well below that protection level at 10 to 25 year flood event levels. Specific protection information is shown in Figures 3.7.3 and 3.7.4. The Village of Wooldridge Levee is not part of the USACE Levee Rehabilitation Program and does not have an

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 146 inspection report. It is has been estimated by the Wooldridge Board of Trustees that there are approximately 12-15 residences that are protected by the levee.

Figure 3.7.3 Linneman-Weekly Levee District Inc. Levee Embankment Data LEVEE DESIGNED GAGE FUNCTION READING/STATION: 34.0 – Boonville Gage LEVEL OF PROTECTION PROVIDED: Exceeds a 10-year flood event. AVERAGE HEIGHT OF LEVEE: 6’ to 12’ AVERAGE CROWN WIDTH: 8’ to 16’ AVERAGE SIDE SLOPE: Landside slope 1o n3 to 1 on 4 Riverside ranges from 1 on 3 to 1 on 6 Protected Features TOTAL ACRES PROTECTED: 1,000 TOTAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ACRES PROTECTED: 1,000 TOWNS: 0 BUSINESSES: 0 RESIDENCES: 0 ROADS: Approximately 2 miles of unimproved farm to market roads. UTILIITES: 0 BARNS: 0 MACHINE SHEDS: 0 OUTBUILDINGS: 0 IRRIGATION SYSTEMS: 0 GRAIN BINS: 0 OTHER FACILITIES: 0

A Levee system was established under the guidelines of a Not-For-Profit Corporation and was last inspected on January 24th, 2005. Information about this Levee District can be obtained by contacting: Mr. Jason Linneman, 660-846-2600.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 147 Figure 3.7.4 Overton-Wooldridge Levee Levee Embankment Data LEVEE DESIGNED GAGE FUNCTION READING/STATION: 32.0 Boonville Gage LEVEL OF PROTECTION PROVIDED: Exceeds a 10-year-flood event AVERAGE HEIGHT OF LEVEE: Varies from a low of 8’ to a high of 14’ above the landside natural ground surface. AVERAGE CROWN WIDTH: Varies from 10’ to 12’ AVERAGE SIDE SLOPE: L/S: 1 on 3 R/S: 1 on 3 ANNUAL MAINTENANCE COSTS: Approximately $2,500.00 Protected Features TOTAL ACRES PROTECTED: Approximately 3,500 (Approx. 1,435 acres of MO River Mitigation Project lands – known as Overton Bottoms Conservation Area South.) TOTAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ACRES PROTECTED: Approximately 3,400 (Note: MO River Mitigation Project lands are agriculturally leased on a year-to-year basis.) TOWNS: 0 BUSINESSES: 0 RESIDENCES: 0 ROADS: Approximately 5.20 miles of gravel surfaced County roads and approximately 5.00 miles of non-surface farm service roads. UTILIITES: Approximately 4.50 miles of overhead power lines. BARNS: 5 MACHINE SHEDS: 0 OUTBUILDINGS: 3 IRRIGATION SYSTEMS: 0 GRAIN BINS: 1 OTHER FACILITIES: Limited protection afforded to approximately 6.00 miles of railroad embankment.

This levee is sponsored by the Cooper County Commission and was last inspected on January 19th, 2006. Information about this Levee District can be obtained by contacting Mr. Art Schnuck, 660-882-2021.

(The data in Figures 3.7.3-3.7.5 is from information provided by Engineer Cliff Sanders of the US Army Corps of Engineers in Glasgow, MO. The data includes protected area information from a “Supplemental Levee Inspection Information” form collected during the last inspections in 2005 and 2006.)

Potential Impact on Existing Structures

Structures in Cooper County that would be vulnerable to the effects of levee failure would include those that lie in areas in or near the Missouri River floodplain and its tributaries. Since the 1993 Flood many structures have been relocated, bought out, abandoned, elevated, or

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 148 remodeled; this has reduced the amount of vulnerable structures and people in areas where levees could potentially fail.

Potential Impact on Future Development

Impact on future development is directly related to floodplain management and regulations set forth by the county and individual communities through levee management and regulations which are not clearly defined. It is important to note that levees in Cooper County are located in designated floodplains. This means that all new construction in these areas fall under Cooper County’s floodplain regulations and must adhere to that coding.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 149 3.8 Severe Winter Weather

Description of Hazard

Cooper County generally experiences severe winter weather at least every other year; certain years are particularly notable for their storm frequency and/or intensity. Winter storms in central Missouri contain ice, snow, severe cold, sleet, and wind; each of these has the potential to disrupt life in the region by making normal activity difficult and/or dangerous.

Winter storms pose a threat to central Missouri by creating disruptions in electricity, telephone, and other critical infrastructures. Employees may be unable to get to work due to icy conditions, unplowed roadways, and disruptions in transportation services, or facility damage. A shortage of supplies may ensue with a longer stretch of severe winter weather.

Snowstorms do not generally impact the region for long periods of time but ice storms have shut down schools and businesses for extended periods. Ice is also the biggest threat to reliable power and phone service.

Geographic Location

The entire Planning Area is at risk from Severe Winter Weather.

Previous Occurrences

Cooper County experienced 29 officially recorded winter storms or periods of extreme cold in the period Jan. 14, 1994 – Feb. 6, 2011, according to data from NOAA and FEMA. Figure 3.8.1 summarizes available data for these storms including additional information from SEMA Situation Reports.

Winter storms typically move through a large area. The number of counties affected by a storm is indicated in Figure 3.8.1 for those storms where deaths, injuries, and/or costs are reported. The deaths, injuries, and estimated costs reflect all counties in Missouri affected by the storm. The death associated with one of the periods of extreme cold did not occur in Cooper County; information on the locations of the injuries was not available. While it can be seen from the data that severe winter weather can result in great financial cost, the exact cost of these storms to Cooper County was not available in the data.

In some cases, more cost information is available for storms for which Presidential Disaster Declarations were made. After a Presidential Disaster Declaration, Public Assistance (PA) and/or Individual Assistance (IA) is made available through FEMA. The PA can be further specified as a specific category; the categories relevant to this data are Category A for debris removal and Category B for emergency protective measures.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 150 Since 2006, there have been five Presidential Disaster Declarations for severe winter weather in Missouri, three of these included Cooper County (#1673, #1676, #1736, and #1961). In all of these disasters, Public Assistance (PA) was made available to Cooper County through FEMA. There have also been two Presidential Emergency Declarations due to severe winter weather for the entire state of Missouri since 2006 (#3281 and #3303). Public Assistance (PA), limited to direct Federal Assistance, was made available during these Emergencies.

The Governor of Missouri declared a State of Emergency in the State for the winter storm of Nov. 30 – Dec. 1, 2006; this declaration allowed state funds to be used in disaster response. SEMA Situation Reports indicate a dairy farmer lost 23 head of cattle and other facilities valued at more than $1 million in damage from this storm; other individuals in Cooper County reported roofs collapsing on barns and greenhouses.

The severe winter weather in the first two weeks of December 2007 resulted in a Presidential Emergency Declaration (#3281) for the ice storm beginning on Dec. 8, 2007. Neighboring counties received a Presidential Disaster Declaration (#1736) for the entire 10-day period of severe winter weather. SEMA activated the State Emergency Operations Center and the Governor of Missouri declared a State Emergency which made state resources available to assist local governments.

According to the National Climate Data Center, the February 2011 blizzard was the first to strike central Missouri in several years. Over 20 inches of snow fell over a 24 hour period coupled with 40 mph winds which resulted in both a Presidential Emergency Declaration (#3317) and a Presidential Disaster Declaration (#1961). Interstate 70 was shut down from Warren County to just east of Kansas City. The National Guard was called to clear County roads and assist with emergency transportation. The region was brought to a standstill for several days. A Federal disaster declaration was obtained for many counties in order to assist with the cost of snow removal. Light freezing rain and sleet started on Monday 1/31 with an inch of sleet accumulating by the early morning hours of Tuesday (2/1). By midday Tuesday (2/1) the precipitation had changed to snow and the wind began increasing. By late Tuesday (2/1) afternoon travel became extremely dangerous. SEMA activated the State Emergency Operations Center and the Governor of Missouri declared a State Emergency which made state resources available to assist local governments.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 151 Figure 3.8.1 Severe Winter Storms in Cooper County, Missouri 1993-2011 Presidential Assistance Estimated Disaster or Storm # of in Cooper Date Deaths Injuries Cost Emergency Type Counties County (Million $) Declaration (IA or PA) # Extreme 51 plus 1/14/1994 0 15 5 city of St. Cold Louis 31 plus Winter 4/5/1994 0 0 0.5 City of Storm St. Louis Heavy 1/18/1995 0 0 0.2 13 Snow

11/11/1995 Snow/ice 0 0 0 12/6/1995 Snow 0 0 0 12/8/1995 Snow 0 0 0 Heavy 1/9/1997 0 0 0 Snow Extreme 1/10/1997 0 0 0 Cold

1/11/1998 Ice Storm 0 0 0 Heavy 3/11/2000 0 0 0 Snow Extreme 10/6/2000 0 0 0 Cold Extreme 12/10/2000 1 0 0 37 Cold 12/11/2000 Ice Storm 0 0 0

Heavy 12/13/2000 0 0 0 Snow Winter 1/28/2001 0 0 0 Storm Winter 2/9/2001 0 0 0 Storm

1/29/2002 Ice Storm 0 0 82.5 1403 43 IA Heavy 3/1/2002 0 0 0 Snow Winter 1/2/2003 0 0 0 Storm Winter 12/10/2003 0 0 0 Storm

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 152 Presidential Estimated Assistance Disaster or Storm Cost # of in Cooper Date Deaths Injuries Emergency Type (Million Counties County Declaration $) (IA or PA) # Winter 1/25/2004 0 0 0 Storm Heavy 11/30/2006 0 0 0 Snow Heavy 12/1/2006 0 0 0 Snow entire 12/9/2007 Ice Storm 0 0 NA 3281 PA (A,B) state Winter entire 1/26/2009 NA NA NA 3303 PA (B) Storm state Heavy 2/28/2009 0 0 0 Snow Winter 1/10/2011 0 0 0 Weather Winter 1/19/2011 0 0 0 Storm 01/31/11 Winter thru NA NA 12.8 1961 64 PA Storm 02/05/11 TOTAL 1 15 88.2

Sources: http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms; http://www.fema.gov/news/disasters.fema; http://sema.dps.mo.gov/SitReps/Situation%20Reports.htm

Measure of Probability and Severity Probability: High Severity: Moderate - Cooper County, Boonville, Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove, Wooldridge Low – Prairie Home R-V School District

Existing Mitigation Activities

The Cooper County Office of Emergency Management has been proactive in educating the public and using the media to educate the public about the dangers of severe winter weather.

Utility Companies Utility companies in Cooper County have policies regarding tree trimming and brush removal around power lines. Consistent maintenance of trees and brush around utility lines limits the possibility of power outages during a severe winter storm. Maintenance also makes financial sense because repairing fallen utility lines and poles is costly and dangerous.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 153 National Weather Service and Local Media The Kansas City Office of the National Weather Service coordinates with local jurisdictions and media outlets to disperse information regarding severe winter storm watches and warnings. Early warning allows the public to prepare for a severe storm. Should a storm reach catastrophic proportions and officials need to communicate directly with the public, the Emergency Alert System exists to spread that information.

The National Weather Service sets up winter weather warnings in stages of severity. These stages are shown in Figure 3.36.

Figure 3.36 National Weather Service Winter Warnings Winter weather conditions are expected to cause significant Winter Weather inconveniences and may be hazardous. If caution is Advisory exercised, these situations should not become life- threatening. The greatest hazard is often to motorists.

Severe winter conditions, such as heavy snow and/or ice, are Winter Storm Watch possible within the next day or two. Severe winter conditions have begun or are about to begin Winter Storm Warning in your area. Snow and strong winds will combine to produce a blinding Blizzard Warning snow (near zero visibility), deep drifts, and life-threatening wind chill. Seek refuge immediately. Below freezing temperatures are expected and may cause significant damage to plants, crops, or fruit trees. In areas Frost/Freeze Warning unaccustomed to freezing temperatures, people who have homes without heat need to take added precautions.

Severe Winter Weather Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: All Jurisdictions, excluding levee districts

Overview

Cooper County rarely suffers from heavy damage due to severe winter storms and therefore most winter storms impact the community only temporarily. It is not uncommon for a severe winter storm to leave a long lasting mark on the community by inflicting heavy financial damage on the area but storms of this magnitude are rare.

Potential Impact on Existing Structures

A series of small winter storms can impact several jurisdictions. This increases the financial burden on communities and can have a more far reaching economic impact. Below are listed the many impacts severe winter storms can have on Cooper County.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 154 Life and Property- Many deaths from winter storms are a result of traffic accidents caused by a combination of poor driving surfaces and driving too fast for the conditions. Accidents during winter storms can be particularly devastating for often multiple cars are involved. There are also specific sections of the community that are more vulnerable than others to the complications caused by Severe Winter Weather such as the elderly. According to the World Health Organization, “elderly” is defined as those over the age of 65. Elderly are the most susceptible to complications from excessive and/or prolonged cold or heat. According to the 2010 US the elderly population for Cooper County stands at 2,702.

 Roads and Bridges- Roads and bridges serve as vital arteries for all residents. Winter storms often limit the effectiveness of the arteries by making driving conditions difficult and unsafe. Emergency vehicles also have trouble operating in these conditions that slow down response times thus limiting their effectiveness in an emergency.

 Power Lines- Ice storms often adversely impact consistent power supplies. The ice can build up on the wires causing them to fall or the ice can lead to falling tree limbs which then knock down power lines. When this happens power outages occur that can be dangerous. For instance, if the population relies on electricity for heat and the electricity does not work for a long time, people run the risk of hypothermia. This is a particular concern for more vulnerable populations such as the elderly.

 Water Lines- Winter storms and their associated cold weather lead to the ground freezing and thawing. As the ground freezes and thaws, pipes in the ground shift and sometimes break causing a lack of potable water. Also, when a pipe breaks, damage to property can be extensive and expensive.

Currently, there is not a reliable or accurate way to estimate costs associated with winter storms. Too many variables exist to accurately portray how much damage would be incurred by a winter storm. For instance, the cost of a snowstorm that dropped 20 inches would be different than an ice storm that causes different types of damage and challenges to infrastructure. Locations of heavier snow accumulation, time of day, and other characteristics would all play a role in determining the cost of a winter storm.

Potential Impact on Future Development

Potential impacts of this hazard on future development are not quantifiable with the resources available.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 155 3.9 Wildfire

Description of Hazard

Forest, grassland, and natural cover fires can and have occurred at any time throughout the year in Missouri. In Cooper County, the majority of the fires and the greatest acreage loss occur during the spring fire season (February 15 - May 10).

Spring is the time of the year when rural residents burn garden spots, agricultural fields, and brush piles. Many landowners also believe it is necessary to burn forested areas in the spring to grow more grass, kill ticks, and get rid of brush. These factors, combined with low humidity and high winds, result in higher fire danger at this time of year. The spring fire season abates with the growth of the new season’s grasses and other green vegetation.

Numerous fires also occur in October and November due to the dryness associated with fall in Missouri. Many rural residents use this time of year to burn leaves and debris thus raising the possibility of a fire which burns out of control.

The major causes of wildfires in Missouri are various human activities, according to statistics from the Missouri Department of Conservation (see Figure 3.9.1).

Figure 3.9.1 Causes of Wildfire in Missouri 2010 Children Equipment Railroads <1% 4% Campfire <1% 2% Lightning <1% Arson 7% Smoking 2%

Debris burning 41%

Misc. 43%

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 156 Geographic Location

The rural areas of Cooper County and the rural/urban interfaces are most at risk from wildfires. Debris burning is consistently the number one cause of wildfires in Missouri. Fires caused by lightning are rare despite 50 to 70 thunderstorm days per year.

It was reported by representatives from the Cooper County Fire Department that annual burning of agricultural fields is also a major contributor to wildfires.

The Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) was defined as “the area where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland” in a 2001 Federal Register report. There is a higher risk scenario for wildfire in these areas where high fuel loads and structures meet or overlap.

A Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) map does not depict any high risk areas due to the lack of heavy forested areas and intense farming practices. In place of the WUI map, a map of agricultural land throughout the county will be used to highlight those areas that the planning committee see as being the highest risk areas (see Figure 3.9.2).

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 157 Figure 3.9.2

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 158 Previous Occurrences

Large and widespread wildfires, such as occur in the western United States, have not been a problem in Cooper County in recent history. Most fires have stemmed from open debris burning and agricultural burning. Several small fires occur in the early spring and fall in mostly agricultural areas in the county.

Measure of Probability and Severity

Probability: Low Severity: Low

The Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2010) points out that the probability of wildfires may increase to high during conditions of excessive heat, dryness, and drought. The probability is also higher in spring and late fall

Existing Mitigation Activities

Emergency response systems, well trained fire departments, and numerous county roads improve response times to fire events, thus decreasing the chances of fire spread.

The Missouri Department of Conservation and the State Fire Marshal have published an informational booklet entitled “Living with Wildfire” which educates homeowners on assessing a property’s vulnerability to wildfire and making changes to decrease the risk. The publication is available online at: http://mdc4.mdc.mo.gov/Documents/322.pdf

A Firewise Communities program has been implemented in Missouri to teach people how to minimize the threat of wildfire.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 159 Wildfire Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: All Jurisdictions, excluding levee districts

Overview

Wildfires in Cooper County tend to be limited in their spatial extent thus minimizing their impact. According to the Missouri Department of Conservation, 49% of all wildfires in Missouri result from debris burning that gets out of hand and starts a wildfire. People and structures in the path of a wildfire are all at risk of minimum to extensive damage. Wildfire is defined as an uncontrolled fire that destroys forests and many other types of vegetation, as well as animal species.

Potential Impact on Existing Structures

Currently, there is not a reliable or accurate way to estimate costs associated with a wildfire event. Too many variables exist to accurately portray how much damage would be incurred by a wildfire. For instance, the cost of a wildfire that strikes structures versus cropland versus forestland would all be different. Locations of the fire, time of day, and other characteristics would all play a role in determining the cost of a wildfire. Fire suppression methods also vary depending on existence of structures. Some wildfires are allowed to burn themselves out which means minimal cost for suppression.

The Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Plan 2010 estimates that Cooper County has a low potential for wildfire occurrence (4 year average of 23.4 occurrences a year) and a medium potential for the amount of acres that could burn (4 year average of 213 acres burned a year).

Potential Impact on Future Development

Potential impacts of this hazard on future development are not quantifiable with the resources available.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 160 3.10 Windstorm, Tornado, and Hailstorm Windstorm, tornado, and hailstorm are hazards with potential to cause great damage. They will each be profiled separately but grouped together in this section of the plan as these three hazards are closely associated with severe thunderstorms in Missouri. There will be a general discussion of thunderstorms followed by the profiles of the three hazards (windstorm, tornado, and hailstorm.) Lightning is a hazard which FEMA does not require to be profiled for mitigation purposes; therefore, it is not profiled in this plan.

Some Background on Thunderstorm

A thunderstorm is a rainstorm with thunder and lightning present. Warm, humid climates, such as that in mid-Missouri, are favorable for the formation of thunderstorms. The average Missourian is well aware of the potential hazards of the thunderstorm season; these include heavy rains and, potentially, strong winds, tornadoes, hail, and lightning strikes. The effects of heavy rains have been considered in the section on flood (see Section 3.5).

Thunderstorms can range in complexity from single cell storms through multicell cluster storms, multicell line storms (squall lines), and on to supercell storms. A single cell thunderstorm typically lasts 20-30 minutes but when numerous cells are generated, as in a multicell storm, the thunderstorm can last for hours. Supercell storms include rotation and are responsible for the generation of severe tornadoes. The National Weather Service considers a thunderstorm “severe” when it includes one or more of the following: winds gusting in excess of 57.5 mph, a tornado, or hail at least 0.75 inch in diameter.

Cooper County is located in a part of the country with a relatively high number of thunderstorms. National Weather Service data indicates that there are on average 50-60 thunderstorm days per year in Missouri (see Figure 3.10.2). Thunderstorms can occur during any season in Missouri but they are more frequent in the spring and summer. Many of these thunderstorms are severe.

Figure 3.10.1 Average Number of Thunderstorm Days Annually in U.S.

Source: http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tstorms/tstorms_intro.htm

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 161 Windstorm Description of Hazard

Severe and damaging winds in the planning area are usually, but not always, associated with thunderstorms. Thunderstorm winds can reach speeds up to 100 mph and produce damage paths for hundreds of miles. According to NOAA, property and crop damage from thunderstorm winds is more common, and can be more severe, than damage from tornadoes. Thunderstorm wind damage accounts for half of all the NOAA reports of severe weather events in the lower 48 states.

Thunderstorm winds are often called "straight-line" winds to distinguish them from tornadoes, which have a rotational element. The following are the distinctions made between different thunderstorm winds:

 Gust front - Gusty winds out ahead of a thunderstorm; characterized by a wind shift and temperature drop.  Downbursts – A strong downdraft with a width of greater than 2.5 miles which results in an outward burst of damaging winds near the ground; may possibly produce damage similar to that of a strong tornado.  Microbursts – A small concentrated downburst with a width less than 2.5 miles; generally short-lived, lasting only 5-10 minutes, with maximum wind speeds up to 168 mph. A derecho is a widespread, massive, and violent thunderstorm wind event producing straight- line winds in excess of 70 mph and moving quickly over large areas. These are not common events but a massive derecho, almost the size of the area of the state of Missouri, caused extensive damage in southern Missouri and Illinois in the spring of 2009.

Much of the damage caused by high winds occurs because of falling trees; people, buildings, and vehicles may be damaged by falling trunks and branches. Power lines may be blown or knocked down and people left without electricity. In some cases, roofs are directly blown off buildings and windows are shattered.

Geographic location

The entire planning area is at risk from windstorms. Both urban and rural areas can sustain heavy losses from severe winds; the potential damage to houses and urban trees is obvious but crops and forests can also sustain massive and costly damage from windstorms.

Previous occurrences

According to NOAA, there have been 81 windstorm events in Cooper County since 1950 (see Figure 3.10.2).

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 162 These windstorms resulted in at least 2 injuries and $201,000 in property damage in the Planning Area; no crop damage was reported.

Figure 3.10.2 Windstorm Events in Cooper County 7/2/1956 - 5/22/2011 Magnitude Property Injury/Damage General Location Date Time Injuries (mph) Damage Details County 07/02/56 17:00 0 0 0 County 04/02/59 22:00 0 0 0 County 04/17/59 18:45 0 0 0 County 03/22/66 18:15 0 0 0 County 09/06/69 21:45 0 0 0 County 12/15/71 2:19 81 0 0 County 07/27/73 18:15 0 0 0 County 09/08/73 16:00 0 0 0 County 05/06/75 8:30 0 0 0 County 05/06/75 18:15 0 0 0 County 05/20/75 13:50 0 0 0 County 09/16/80 17:00 0 0 0 County 04/03/81 18:34 0 0 0 County 06/21/81 9:35 60 0 0 County 07/20/81 13:00 0 0 0 County 04/02/82 16:00 0 0 0 County 05/30/82 11:30 87 0 0 County 06/08/82 6:05 0 0 0 County 06/20/82 15:50 0 0 0 County 09/13/82 14:16 0 0 0 County 12/24/82 19:30 0 0 0 County 12/27/82 19:35 0 0 0 County 06/18/83 19:30 0 0 0 County 06/18/83 20:10 0 0 0 County 07/03/84 20:15 64 0 0 County 07/03/84 20:25 64 0 0 County 10/18/84 17:25 0 0 0 County 06/16/85 23:45 0 0 0 County 06/21/85 20:58 60 0 0 County 09/22/85 13:55 70 0 0 County 09/22/85 14:15 70 0 0 County 07/05/87 10:20 0 0 0 County 09/14/87 14:45 70 0 0 County 09/14/87 15:00 64 0 0 County 03/24/88 18:15 0 0 0 County 11/15/88 17:45 0 0 0 County 05/26/91 14:45 0 0 0 County 05/26/91 15:45 0 0 0

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 163 Magnitude Property Injury/Damage General Location Date Time Injuries (mph) Damage Details County 07/03/91 12:30 0 0 0 County 07/09/91 17:15 0 0 0 County 08/07/91 13:55 0 0 0 County 06/17/92 13:15 0 0 0 County 07/02/92 17:10 60 2 0 Not available. Three billboards destroyed SE of Boonville 03/30/93 17:25 0 0 5K (Junction of I-70 and Hwy 87). Large tree limbs Boonville 08/28/93 16:12 0 0 50K broken; power lines down. One-fourth of a Boonville 06/25/94 21:00 0 0 50K roof torn off a school building. Trees and power Boonville 07/08/95 16:00 0 0 3K lines down. Lamine 08/16/95 18:15 0 0 1K Trees down. Boonville 04/18/97 20:15 81 0 0 Boonville 03/31/98 12:43 74 0 0 Otterville 06/18/98 16:20 69 0 0 Prairie Home 06/18/98 10:00 69 0 0 Boonville 06/20/98 21:15 68 0 0 S and SW of Roof blown off 04/08/99 16:55 70 0 50K Boonville church. Pilot Grove 08/07/99 21:50 58 0 0 Pilot Grove 05/26/00 21:00 75 0 0 Power lines and trees down; vehicle damaged Boonville 06/25/00 20:51 75 0 30K when a large tree fell on it; damage to several residential roofs. Otterville 08/07/00 17:45 60 0 0 Boonville 08/07/00 21:20 60 0 0 Bunceton 04/10/01 17:30 69 0 1K Not available. Boonville 06/14/01 14:20 70 0 0 Boonville 08/29/01 18:00 66 0 0 Power lines Boonville 05/08/02 20:00 60 0 1K down. Minor roof Boonville 07/10/02 11:39 66 0 2K damage. Boonville 05/08/03 21:55 60 0 0 Boonville 08/21/03 21:15 60 0 0 General Location Date Time Magnitude Injuries Property Injury/Damage

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 164 (mph) Damage Details Boonville 05/30/04 14:50 60 0 0 Boonville 06/12/04 23:13 70 0 0 Otterville 07/05/04 6:13 60 0 0 Pilot Grove 07/05/04 6:20 60 0 0 Boonville 06/08/05 15:50 60 0 0 Otterville 09/19/05 17:10 60 0 0 Boonville 07/13/06 21:00 60 0 0 Electric lines Boonville 10/17/07 22:02 60 0 2K down. Window blown out of a Boonville 10/17/07 22:08 60 0 1K downtown building. Shingles blown off house; two Blackwater 03/31/08 10:00 60 0 3K power lines down. Otterville 08/28/08 19:05 60 0 0 Pisgah 08/28/08 19:15 60 0 0 Boonville 06/27/09 20:00 60 0 0 Boonville Airport 06/27/09 20:25 60 0 0 Shed blown onto a truck; windows Boonville area 10/01/09 15:25 70 0 2K blown out of a house on Prairie Lick Road. Partial removal of roof Boonville area 7/30/10 15:30 70 0 5K commercial building. Several downed trees. Snapped tree Boonville area 5/22/11 17:20 60 0 0 limbs

TOTAL 2 206K Source: http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi- win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms

Measures of Probability and Severity

Probability: High Severity: High

Existing mitigation strategies

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 165 Warning Systems The following warning systems are used in the Planning Area: Local television weather reports Local radio weather reports 9-1-1 call center and Public Emergency Broadcast Center

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 166 Windstorm Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: All Jurisdictions, excluding levee districts

Overview All jurisdictions in Cooper County are vulnerable to the effects of Windstorms. All above ground structures are vulnerable to the effects of a Windstorm and all other hazards associated with them (hail, rain, flooding, flying debris, etc.) Much of the damage caused by high winds occurs because of falling trees; people, buildings, and vehicles may be damaged by falling trunks and branches. Critical infrastructure such as communication lines, power lines, and cell towers may be blown down. Flying debris causes damage to people, homes, and businesses.

Potential Impact on Existing Structures While past impacts have been minimal, future disasters can cause extensive damage. There is a wide range of impact possible. Non-permanent and wood framed structures are very vulnerable to destruction from high winds. While high winds are the force behind damage, it is the windblown debris that causes the most damage.

Figure 3.10.3 Estimated exposed structures

Impact Assessment --- Windstorm

High Vulnerability = 10 - 100% of buildings impacted Minimum Calculated Impact (10%) Building Type Jurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial Agricultural Religious Governmental Educational Planning Area 743 41 11 14 4 2 2 Cooper County (uninc. areas) 311 16 6 13 1 0 0 Boonville 312 19 4 1 2 1 1 Bunceton 27 1 0 0 0 0 0 Otterville 25 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pilot grove 34 2 0 0 1 0 0 Wooldridge 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

HAZUS MH

Potential Impact on Future Development Because of the random nature of this hazard, potential impacts of this hazard on future development are not quantifiable with the resources available.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 167 Tornado

Description of Hazard

A tornado is a violently rotating column of air which is usually generated by a supercell thunderstorm. The potential destruction posed by a tornado touching ground is well known.

Tornadoes occur most frequently in late afternoon and early evening, but can occur at any time. Tornadoes can move in any direction, but often move from southwest to northeast. The seasonal, temporal, and spatial uncertainties surrounding thunderstorms and tornadoes make widespread and year round preparedness essential.

The destructive effects of a tornado depend on the strength of the winds, proximity to people and structures, the strength of structures, and/or how well a person is sheltered. The average forward speed of a tornado is about 30 mph, but may vary from nearly stationary to 70 mph. Tornadoes are classified by the Fujita scale, which ranks tornadoes according to wind speed and damage caused (see Figure 3.10.4).

Figure 3.10.4 The Fujita Scale Wind F-Scale Intensity Speed Type of Damage Done Number Phrase (mph) Some damage to chimneys; breaks branches off trees; pushes over shallow- F0 Gale tornado 40-72 rooted trees; damages sign boards. The lower limit is the beginning of hurricane wind speed; peels surface off Moderate F1 73-112 roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos tornado pushed off the roads; attached garages may be destroyed. Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes Significant F2 113-157 demolished; boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted; light tornado object missiles generated. Severe Roof and some walls torn off well constructed houses; trains overturned; F3 158-206 tornado most trees in forest uprooted Devastating Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown off F4 207-260 tornado some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated.

Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable distances Incredible F5 261-318 to disintegrate; automobile sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 tornado meters; trees debarked; steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged.

These winds are very unlikely. The small area of damage they might produce would probably not be recognizable along with the mess produced by F4 and F5 wind that would surround the F6 winds. Missiles, such as cars and Inconceivable F6 319-379 refrigerators would do serious secondary damage that could not be directly tornado identified as F6 damage. If this level is ever achieved, evidence for it might only be found in some manner of ground swirl pattern, for it may never be identifiable through engineering studies

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 168 Tornadoes tend to dissipate as fast as they form. Unlike a hurricane, which can last for multiple hours, tornadoes are often in one place for no more than a few minutes.

Technological advances such as Doppler radar, computer modeling, and Emergency Warning Systems, have increased the amount of time the general public has to respond to a tornado. Despite these advances, tornadoes can still strike an area with little warning. Often people have no more than a few minutes to get to safety. Being able to quickly get to a safe place is absolutely imperative in order to prevent loss of life.

Geographic Location

The entire planning area is at risk from tornadoes.

While tornadoes can strike anywhere, there is a greater chance of loss of life and destruction of property in population centers. This is especially true of a tornado with a large path.

Previous Occurrences

NOAA data indicates that Cooper County has experienced seventeen (17) tornadoes, associated with 13 different storm systems, since 1950 (see Figure 3.10.5). There have not been any injuries or deaths recorded in association with these tornadoes but they did result in $1.164 million in property damage and $50,000 in crop damage. Three F2 (“significant”) tornadoes are included in these statistics.

It should be noted that the May 25, 2011 tornado that caused no damage in Cooper County was only one of several that touched down in the area and did cause extensive damage just 6 miles west of the county line in neighboring Pettis County. The F-2 tornado that hit the City of Sedalia had 135 mph winds and damaged or destroyed numerous homes and businesses. 20 people were injured and several school busses were also damaged. Many people in both Pettis and Cooper Counties sought shelter in basements and safe rooms in the area.

Figure 3.10.5

Tornado Events in Cooper County 1/01/1950 - 1/31/2010 Magnitude Property Crop Date Time (Fujita Injury/Damage Details General Damage Damage Location rating) County 06/11/68 17:00 F0 0 0 County 04/20/73 13:50 F1 3K 0 Not available County 04/20/73 18:35 F2 25K 0 Not available County 05/21/73 16:50 F1 3K 0 Not available County 07/19/75 20:00 F0 3K 0 Not available County 04/20/76 19:30 F0 0 0

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 169 Magnitude Property Crop General Date Time (Fujita Injury/Damage Details Damage Damage Location rating) County 05/14/82 20:20 F2 25K 0 Not available County 05/14/82 20:30 F1 25K 0 Not available County 04/29/84 16:40 F0 0 0 County 07/11/92 16:15 F0 0 0 County 09/07/92 18:40 F2 250K 0 Not available S and SE Church damaged; several trees and of power poles downed S of Boonville; Boonville 04/08/99 16:30 F1 750K 50K three eighteen-wheelers overturned. Tornado on ground for 5 minutes; minor roof damage to two homes; trees and Pilot power lines downed; accompanied by Grove area 04/10/01 17:11 F1 25K 0 baseball sized hail. Boonville Several homes damaged; roofs torn off area 08/13/05 14:53 F0 50K 0 trailers; numerous trees downed. Tractor trailer blown over near I-70 mile Blackwater marker 88; west bound lanes of I-70 area 03/12/06 16:04 F0 5K 0 closed for a time. Brief tornado touchdown noted on aerial survey; only some tree damage Otterville 03/12/06 16:30 F0 0 0 observed.

Pleasant Brief tornado touchdown, no damage Green 05/25/11 12:04 F0 0 0 noted TOTALS 1.164M 50K Source: http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms

Measure of Probability and Severity

Probability: High Severity: High

Existing Mitigation Strategies

Warning Systems The following warning systems are used in the county: Local television weather reports Local radio weather reports 9-1-1 call center and Public Emergency Broadcast Center Tornado sirens in all incorporated communities

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 170 Tornado Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: All Jurisdictions, excluding levee districts

Overview

All jurisdictions in Cooper County are vulnerable to the effects of a Tornado. All above ground structures are vulnerable to the effects of a Tornado and all other hazards associated with them (hail, rain, flooding, flying debris, etc.)

Approximately 800 tornadoes are reported in the United States each year, causing an average of 80 fatalities and 1,500 injuries, according to data from NOAA,

Cooper County has been hit by 16 tornadoes since 1968 with no reported deaths or injuries. That is not to say that the prevention of just one loss of life shouldn’t be a high priority. When compared to other major tornado disasters experienced by other parts of the country the financial impact has been minimal at $1.1 Million since 1968. The F1 tornado that struck Boonville in 1999 had an estimated impact of $800,000 in damages.

Potential Impact on Existing Structures

While past impacts have been minimal, future disasters can cause extensive damage. There is a wide range of impact possible from a tornado and wind speeds affect all structure types differently. Non-permanent and wood framed structures are very vulnerable to high winds in terms of destruction. While high winds are the force behind damage, it is the windblown debris from a tornado that causes the most damage and deaths.

Figure 3.10.6 Estimated exposed structures

Impact Assessment --- Tornado

HAZUS MH

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 171

Potential Impact on Future Development

Because of the random nature of this hazard, potential impacts of this hazard on future development are not quantifiable with the resources available.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 172 Hailstorm

Description of Hazard

Hail is formed when updrafts in thunderstorms carry raindrops up to very high and cold areas where they freeze into ice. Hail, especially large sized hail, can cause severe damage and presents a threat to automobiles, airplanes, roofs, crops, livestock, and even humans.

Geographic Location

The entire planning area is at risk from hailstorm.

While hail can strike anywhere, population centers are more at risk for injury and/or property damage from hail.

Previous Occurrences

NOAA lists 133 separate reports of hail (of at least 0.75 inch in diameter) in Cooper County since 1950 (see Figure 3.10.7). These reports were associated with 71 separate storm systems. The largest hail reported measured 4.25 inches in diameter and was associated with a storm system in June 2009. There were numerous storms which spawned hail of 1.5 inches diameter or larger.

While the NOAA data only indicates $20,000 in reported property damage from these hailstorm events, common knowledge would suggest that the actual damages were much greater. There was a large storm in the spring of 2006 which caused massive hail damage across the mid- Missouri region. Information for nearby Boone County indicates over $1million in hail damage incurred just by county-owned buildings for the year 2006; many private homes throughout the region received new roofs because of hailstorm damage. Cooper County data indicates numerous hail reports in both March and April 2006 but no damages were reported; this is probably not representative of the true impact of those events.

Figure 3.10.7 Hailstorm Events in Cooper County 1/01/1950 - 1/31/2010 Magnitude Property Crop General Location Date Time Deaths Injuries (diameter) Damage Damage County 5/9/70 18:45 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/10/70 17:20 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/6/75 8:30 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/6/75 16:30 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 6/12/77 1:05 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/30/80 3:45 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 4/17/81 20:30 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 173 Magnitude Property Crop General Location Date Time Deaths Injuries (diameter) Damage Damage County 5/14/82 19:45 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/14/82 20:39 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/16/82 16:45 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 6/20/82 15:50 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 11/1/82 17:10 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 11/1/82 17:25 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/12/83 17:15 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/12/83 17:20 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/18/83 13:55 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 4/3/84 14:36 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 County 4/3/84 16:55 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 County 4/3/84 17:10 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 4/3/84 17:25 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 7/3/84 19:57 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/30/85 7:17 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/30/85 7:45 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/30/85 8:05 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/30/85 8:30 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 6/2/85 13:20 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 9/22/85 14:05 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 10/17/88 16:35 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/25/89 7:15 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 6/6/90 6:45 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 3/22/91 17:38 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 County 8/7/91 13:25 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 County 10/3/91 16:55 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 4/9/92 15:00 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 4/9/92 16:07 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 County 9/9/92 15:55 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 County 9/9/92 16:35 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 3/30/93 17:10 1.75 in. 0 0 5K 0 Blackwater 4/13/93 14:00 1.50 in. 0 0 5K 0 Lamine 4/19/93 17:34 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 4/10/95 14:35 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 4/10/95 14:40 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Lone Elm 4/16/95 11:51 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 4/16/95 20:31 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 5/7/96 20:10 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 5/25/96 15:14 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 7/17/97 19:01 1.25 in. 0 0 0 0 Pilot Grove 4/13/98 13:45 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/10/98 4:06 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/19/98 6:20 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 174 Magnitude Property Crop General Location Date Time Deaths Injuries (diameter) Damage Damage Otterville 6/19/98 21:25 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Wooldridge 4/22/99 17:10 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 3/26/00 17:30 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Pilot Grove 5/26/00 21:11 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 New Lebanon 5/26/00 21:45 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 8/7/00 5:15 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 8/7/00 17:45 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 8/7/00 17:50 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 8/7/00 22:02 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 8/8/00 0:25 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Blackwater 4/10/01 17:16 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 4/10/01 17:36 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Pilot Grove 4/10/01 0:00 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 8/29/01 18:00 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Wooldridge 8/29/01 18:00 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 9/20/01 18:15 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 5/6/02 22:17 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 5/6/02 22:22 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 5/6/02 22:56 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Pilot Grove 5/8/02 20:00 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Bunceton 5/12/02 12:00 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Otterville 5/6/03 14:30 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 5/10/03 2:31 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 8/21/03 20:55 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 8/21/03 21:05 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Bellair 4/21/05 14:06 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Bellair 4/21/05 14:17 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Bunceton 4/21/05 14:34 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Prairie Home 4/21/05 14:52 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Prairie Home 4/21/05 14:52 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Otterville 4/21/05 16:18 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 4/21/05 16:50 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Pilot Grove 4/21/05 17:00 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Prairie Home 6/8/05 15:45 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/8/05 16:31 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Prairie Home 6/10/05 13:15 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 9/19/05 16:36 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 9/19/05 16:42 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Otterville 9/19/05 17:10 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Bellair 9/19/05 18:35 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Bellair 9/19/05 18:35 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Prairie Home 9/19/05 19:05 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Prairie Home 9/19/05 19:10 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 175 Magnitude Property Crop General Location Date Time Deaths Injuries (diameter) Damage Damage Boonville 9/23/05 4:52 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 9/23/05 4:54 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Bunceton 11/5/05 17:42 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Prairie Home 11/5/05 17:55 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 1/2/06 2:35 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 3/12/06 16:41 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 3/30/06 21:21 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Otterville 3/30/06 21:35 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 3/30/06 21:36 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Blackwater 4/5/06 18:20 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Blackwater 4/5/06 18:32 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 4/5/06 18:40 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 4/5/06 18:58 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 4/18/06 19:10 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/10/06 16:21 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/10/06 16:25 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Bunceton 6/10/06 17:10 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Otterville 1/7/08 14:48 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Bunceton 1/7/08 14:56 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 4/3/08 11:11 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Clifton City 4/23/08 17:37 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Pilot Grove 5/7/09 21:54 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/10/09 19:14 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/17/09 19:25 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville Arpt 6/17/09 19:35 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/17/09 19:45 2.50 in. 0 0 0 0 SSE of Boonville 6/17/09 19:47 4.25 in. 0 0 10K 0 Overton 6/17/09 19:50 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 County 4/4/10 19:44 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 County 5/11/10 23:56 .88 in. 0 0 0 0 Pilot Grove 5/22/11 16:04 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 5/22/11 16:11 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Clarks Fork 5/22/11 16:14 2.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 5/22/11 16:15 1.50 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 5/22/11 16:16 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Lick 5/22/11 17:00 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/10/11 18:43 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/13/11 07:53 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/13/11 07:54 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Boonville 6/13/11 07:56 1.50 in. 0 0 0 0 TOTALS: 0 0 20K 0 Source: http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 176 Measures of Probability and Severity

Probability: High

Severity: High

Existing mitigation strategies

Warning Systems The following warning systems are used in the Planning Area: Local television weather reports Local radio weather reports 9-1-1 call center and Public Emergency Broadcast Center

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 177 Hailstorm Vulnerability

Jurisdictions: All Jurisdictions, excluding levee district

Overview

All jurisdictions in Cooper County are vulnerable to the effects of Hailstorms. All above ground structures, infrastructure, and vegetation are vulnerable to the effects of a Hailstorm and all other hazards associated with them (high winds, rain, flooding, flying debris, etc.) Damage from hail is dictated by the size and velocity of the stones and the location where they fall.

Potential Impact on Existing Structures Previous occurrences of Hail damage, most recently in 2006, dictates that future damage will occur with the same results. Damages to windows, roofs, vehicles, siding, and vegetation are all possible, but would vary greatly in location, amount, and extent.

Potential Impact on Future Development Because of the random nature of this hazard, potential impacts of this hazard on future development are not quantifiable with the resources available.

Section 3 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 178 Section 4: Mitigation Strategy

4.1 Hazard Mitigation Goals

[The hazard mitigation strategy shall include a] description of Requirement mitigation goals to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the §201.6(c)(3)(i): identified hazards.

Hazard mitigation goals were developed during the planning process for the original Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan in 2005. For the current update, the Hazard Mitigation Technical Steering Committee reviewed these goals; language changes were made for clarification while retaining the essential focus of the original goals.

The (5) county hazard mitigation goals for the 2011 Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan are:

 Goal 1: Mitigation Planning - Mitigate effects of future natural hazards through public and private cooperation.

 Goal 2: Mitigation Policy - Develop policies that limit the impact of natural hazards on lives and property.

 Goal 3: Mitigation Programs - Implement cost effective and feasible mitigation programs to protect lives and property.

 Goal 4: Public Awareness - Increase public awareness of natural hazards.

 Goal 5: Future Development - Promote hazard-proof development.

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 179 4.2 Update of Mitigation Actions

[The mitigation strategy shall include a] section that identifies and Requirement analyzes a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and

§201.6(c)(3)(ii): projects being considered to reduce the effects of each hazard, with particular emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure.

The original Project Steering Committee (2005) was charged with developing a comprehensive range of mitigation actions to promote the agreed upon mitigation goals. Objectives were defined under each goal and the mitigation actions were then developed to promote each objective. The following six categories of mitigation were considered in developing the mitigation actions:

 Prevention tools - regulatory methods such as planning and zoning, building regulations, open space planning, land development regulations, and storm water management.  Property protection measures - acquisition of land, relocation of buildings, modifying at-risk structures, and flood proofing at-risk structures.  Natural resource protection - erosion and sediment control or wetlands protection.  Emergency services measures – warning systems, response capacity, critical facilities protection, and health and safety maintenance.  Structural mitigation - reservoirs, levees, diversions, channel modifications and storm sewers.  Public information - providing hazard maps and information, outreach programs, real estate disclosure, technical assistance and education.

No mitigation actions were eliminated from consideration when the original plan was written in 2005. The 2005 plan therefore contained a comprehensive list of mitigation actions which served as a starting point for update discussions.

The Technical Steering Committee for the 2011 update reviewed and discussed all the mitigation actions from the original plan. This was accomplished by analyzing and discussing each hazard and the actions focused on its mitigation. An individual focus on each hazard allowed for a comprehensive view of the hazard and possibilities for its mitigation. This approach was useful in developing appropriate new actions, when deemed important.

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 180 The existing mitigation actions were divided into three categories; the fourth category of new mitigation actions was added.

Descriptions of the four categories are as follows:

 Completed (C) – Actions have been completed; these actions have been included in the appropriate “Existing Mitigation Strategies” in Section 3.2 Profiling Hazards.  Deleted (D) – Actions were deemed unrealistic or inappropriate for the jurisdictions involved. In some cases the jurisdiction did not have the legal capability, budget, or staffing to complete these actions.  Modified/Retained (M/R) – Actions have not been completed but were deemed important and appropriate; in some cases, these actions have been edited or combined with other actions for the updated plan. Some actions were viewed as ongoing and thus retained in the update.  New - Actions not included in the original plan but deemed important and appropriate for the updated plan; these were added to the plan.

The actions in each of these categories can be seen in Figures 4.2.1 – 4.2.2. The charts for completed, deleted, and modified/retained actions (Figure 4.2.1); the new actions (Figure 4.2.2)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 181 Figure 4.2.1 Mitigation Actions Evaluations from Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2005

Goals, Objectives, and Actions Updated

C D M/R Action # Goal #1: Mitigate effects of future natural hazards in the county.

Objective 1.1 Incorporate mitigation planning and procedures into the community 1.10 Create, Revise, and update Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) X X 1.1 1.11 Create capital Improvement Plan X n/a 1.12 Complete Community Rating System Application X n/a 1.13 Set up centralized permitting process X n/a Encourage participation in Community Rating System of NFIP. Have all of Cooper County 1.14 X Participate n/a 1.15 Encourage development of Storm Water Master Plan X n/a 1.16 Update staff knowledge of earthquake safety X X 4.1 1.17 Encourage cooperative agreements between water districts X n/a 1.18 Identify multiple sources of water in areas currently receiving water from minimal supplies X 5.4 1.19 Develop Storm Water Task Force X n/a Objective 1.2 Encourage private involvement in mitigation activities. 1.20 Encourage local lodging facilities to provide customers with hazard information X n/a 1.21 Encourage property owners to purchase earthquake insurance X 4.1 1.22 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways X X 1.3 1.23 Have alternate power sources for emergency vehicles X 2.4 1.24 Encourage purchase of drought insurance in agricultural community X 4.6 1.25 Encourage cooperative agreements with utility providers to activate energy between utility districts X 1.4 1.26 Develop evacuation procedures for dam X n/a 1.27 Re-roof homes with fire resistant shingles X n/a 1.28 Develop short-term agreements with local shelters X X 1.2 1.29 Provide education materials for homeowners near large fuel sources X 4.1

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 182

Goals, Objectives, and Actions Updated

C D M/R Action #

Objective 1.3 Increase the public awareness of natural hazards in the County 1.30 Develop public education hazard awareness program X X 4.1 1.31 Establish educational materials for public regarding earthquakes in Missouri X X 4.1 1.32 Encourage safe driving through public education campaigns, websites, community events X 4.1 1.33 Provide public education materials concerning the dangers of icy roads X X 4.1 Provide educational materials for outdoor workers and school athletic organizations on the dangers 1.34 X X of excessive heat exposure 4.1 Goal #2: Ensure continued operation of government and emergency functions in a disaster.

Objective 2.1 Strengthen critical structures and infrastructures. Review, prioritize, institute and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and 2.10 X infrastructures. 2.1 2.11 Review emergency access /evacuation routes and mitigate any problem areas. X X 3.5 Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, agencies 2.20 X and special districts. 2.2 Goal #3 Protect the County’s most valuable assets and vulnerable populations through cost effective and feasible mitigation projects whenever financially possible

Objective 3.1 Protect buildings and valuable assets 3.10 Retrofit public buildings to make them more wind resistant X 2.1 3.11 Evaluate access problems to critical infrastructure X 3.1 3.12 Develop cost estimates of protecting a facility vs. buyout X n/a

3.13 Ensure architectural features are constructed to minimize windborne debris X 2.1 3.14 Brace high value equipment X 2.1 3.15 Provide back-up power to all critical infrastructure X 3.2 3.16 Remove vegetation and combustible material from critical infrastructure X 3.3 3.17 Encourage use of fire resistant utility poles X n/a

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 183 Goals, Objectives, and Actions Updated

C D M/R Action # 3.18 Build Fire roads into dense forest areas X n/a Objective 3.2 Protect vulnerable populations 3.20 Recommend camping facilities and mobile home parks to have safe rooms on premises X 3.4 3.21 Ensure Evacuation routes are adequate with special consideration for schools and nursing homes X 3.5 3.22 Develop long-term agreements with local shelters X X 1.2 3.23 Ensure school buses have two-way radios on board X 3.6 3.24 Encourage shelters to have alternative heating sources X 3.7 Goal #4: Ensure that future development in the County is as “hazard proof” as possible.

Objective 4.1 Promote hazard proof development 4.10 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily X 5.8 4.11 Adopt procedures for review of subdivision plans to minimize flood problems X n/a

4.12 Require new residential construction to meet latest wind resistant standards X n/a 4.13 Acquire properties susceptible to flood damage X n/a 4.14 Encourage retrofitting old homes to adopt similar standards of new homes X n/a

4.15 Encourage developers to build earthquake resistant structures X n/a

4.16 Maintain resources for public on retrofitting and protection techniques X n/a

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 184 Figure 4.2.2

New Mitigation Actions for 2011 Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan 1.1 Continue to enforce floodplain management ordinances in compliance with NFIP requirements 2.3 Identify low water crossings and/or flood prone areas 3.8 Build a tornado safe room 5.1 Develop a plan for upgrading and/or prioritizing low water crossings 5.2 Discourage development in known sinkhole areas 5.3 Install dry hydrants and/or standard hydrants as needed 5.5 Install additional pumping stations as needed 5.6 Thicken and/or maintain levee as needed to improve capabilities 5.7 Build a retainment levee to control seep water and rain water

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 185 4.3 Mitigation Goals, Objectives, and Actions

A comprehensive list of the goals and mitigation actions for the Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan (2011) are listed below. The mitigation actions listed are for the entire Planning Area; participating jurisdictions will differ in the specific actions undertaken in their jurisdictions.

Actions which address reducing the effects of hazards on new and/or existing buildings and infrastructure are indicated as such with an N (New), E (Existing), or B (Both).

1. Mitigation Planning - Mitigate effects of future natural hazards through public and private cooperation.

1.1 Continue to enforce floodplain management ordinances in compliance with NFIP requirements B 1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters E 1.3 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways B 1.4 Encourage cooperative agreements with utility providers to activate energy between utility districts B 2. Mitigation Policy - Develop policies that limit the impact of natural hazards on lives and property.

2.1 Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and/or E infrastructures. 2.2 Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, agencies and B special districts. 2.3 Identify low water crossings and/or flood prone areas E 2.4 Have alternate fueling sites/sources for emergency vehicles B 3. Mitigation Programs - Implement cost effective and feasible mitigation programs to protect lives and property. 3.1 Evaluate access problems to critical infrastructure E 3.2 Provide back-up power to all critical infrastructure E 3.3 Remove obstructive vegetation and/or combustible material from critical infrastructure E 3.4 Recommend camping facilities and mobile home parks to have safe rooms on premises B 3.5 Review evacuation routes with special consideration for schools and nursing homes and mitigate any B problem areas. 3.6 Encourage school buses to be equipped with a multi-channel VHF High Band Devices on board and in B schools 3.7 Encourage shelters to have alternative heating sources E 3.8 Build a tornado safe room N

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 186

4. Public Awareness - Increase public awareness of natural hazards.

4.1 Distribute public education hazard awareness information to the public B 4.6 Encourage purchase of drought insurance in agricultural communities B

5. Future Development - Promote hazard-proof development

5.1 Develop a plan for upgrading and/or prioritizing low water crossings E 5.2 Discourage development in known sinkhole areas N 5.3 Install dry hydrants and/or standard hydrants as needed B 5.4 Create secondary water supply sources through interconnections or agreements B 5.5 Install additional pumping stations as needed E 5.6 Thicken and/or maintain levee as needed to improve capabilities E 5.7 Build a retainment levee to control seep water and rain water E 5.8 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily E

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 187 Organization of Mitigation Action Information

In order to make the information on mitigation actions easily accessible in this plan, the actions have been organized in four ways.

Overview of Mitigation Actions including Hazards and Jurisdictions (Figure 4.3.1a-d)

The comprehensive list of goals and mitigation actions is shown in charts along with the hazards addressed and applicable jurisdictions.

Mitigation Actions by Participating Jurisdiction (Section 4.3.2a-i)

The mitigation actions are listed by participating jurisdiction. The following abbreviations have been used for hazards in these charts:

DF – Dam Failure DR – Drought EQ – Earthquake HT – Extreme Heat FL – Flood SK – Land Subsidence/Sinkhole LEV – Levee Failure SWW – Severe Winter Weather WF - Wildfire WND – Windstorm HST – Hailstorm TRN – Tornado

Mitigation Actions Addressing Compliance with NFIP Requirements (Figure 4.3.3)

The NFIP participation statuses of jurisdictions are shown, as well as actions that address NFIP compliance.

Individual Actions Administration, Implementation, and Prioritization (Section 4.4)

Finally, the mitigation actions are listed individually with plans for Prioritization, Implementation, and Administration (Section 4.4).

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 188 Mitigation Actions by Hazard and Jurisdiction

Figure 4.3.1a Overview of Mitigation Goals and Actions including Hazards and Jurisdictions

Action #Action

Goals and Actions V Schools -

Weekley Levee District Levee Weekley

Wooldridge Levee District Levee Wooldridge

Cooper County Boonville Bunceton Otterville Pilot Grove Wooldridge Overton Linneman R Prairie Home Dam Failure Drought Earthquake Extreme Heat Flood SinkholesLandSubsidence/ FailureLevee Weather Winter Severe Wildfire Windstorm Hailstorm Tornado 1. Mitigation Planning - Mitigate effects of future natural hazards through public and private cooperation. Continue to enforce floodplain management

ordinances in compliance with NFIP x x x X X 1.1 requirements

x x x x x x x X X X X X X 1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right x x x x x x x X X X X X 1.3 of ways Encourage cooperative agreements with utility

providers to activate energy between utility x x x x x x X X X X X X X X 1.4 districts 2. Mitigation Policy - Develop policies that limit the impact of natural hazards on lives and property. Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed

upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and/or x x x x x x x x x X X X X X X X 2.1 infrastructures.

Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to x x x x x x x x x X X X X X X X X X X X X 2.2 foster collaboration among jurisdictions, agencies and special districts. Identify low water crossings and/or flood prone x x X 2.3 areas Have alternate fueling sites/sources for x x x x x X X X X X X 2.4 emergency vehicles

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 189 Figure 4.3.1b Overview of Mitigation Goals and Actions including Hazards and Jurisdictions

Goals and Actions V Schools -

Weekley Levee District Levee Weekley

Wooldridge Levee District Levee Wooldridge

Action #Action Cooper County Boonville Bunceton Otterville Pilot Grove Wooldridge Overton Linneman R Prairie Home Dam Failure Drought Earthquake Extreme Heat Flood SinkholesLandSubsidence/ FailureLevee Weather Winter Severe Wildfire Windstorm Hailstorm Tornado 3. Mitigation Programs - Implement cost effective and feasible mitigation programs to protect lives and property Evaluate access problems to critical x x x x x X X X X X 3.1 infrastructure Provide back-up power to all critical x x x x x X X X X X 3.2 infrastructure Remove obstructive vegetation and/or

combustible material from critical x x x x x x X X X X 3.3 infrastructure Recommend camping facilities and

mobile home parks to have safe x X X 3.4 rooms on premises Review evacuation routes with special consideration for schools and x x X X X X X 3.5 nursing homes and mitigate any problem areas. Encourage school buses to be equipped with a multi-channel VHF x x X X X X X X X X X X 3.6 High Band Devices on board and in schools Encourage shelters to have alternative x x x x x x X X 3.7 heating sources

x x x x x x x X 3.8 Build a tornado safe room 4. Public Awareness - Increase public awareness of natural hazards in order to make the public a greater partner in hazard mitigation planning.

Distribute public education hazard x x x x x x X X X X X X X X X X X X 4.1 awareness information to the public

Encourage purchase of drought x X 4.2 insurance in agricultural communities

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 190 Figure 4.3.1c Overview of Mitigation Goals and Actions including Hazards and Jurisdictions

Action #Action

Goals and Actions V Schools -

Weekley Levee District Levee Weekley

Wooldridge Levee District Levee Wooldridge

Cooper County Boonville Bunceton Otterville Pilot Grove Wooldridge Overton Linneman R Prairie Home Dam Failure Drought Earthquake Extreme Heat Flood SinkholesLandSubsidence/ FailureLevee Weather Winter Severe Wildfire Windstorm Hailstorm Tornado 5. Future Development - Promote hazard-proof development

Develop a plan for upgrading and/or x X 5.1 prioritizing low water crossings Discourage development in known x X 5.2 sinkhole areas Install dry hydrants and/or standard x x x x x x X 5.3 hydrants as needed Create secondary water supply

sources through interconnections or x x x x x X X X X 5.4 agreements Install additional pumping stations x x X X 5.5 as needed

Thicken and/or maintain levee as x x x x X X 5.6 needed to improve capabilities Build a retainment levee to control x x X X 5.7 seep water and rain water Acquire destroyed or damaged

properties and relocate people x x x x x x X 5.8 voluntarily

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 191 Mitigation Actions by Jurisdiction – Cooper County Hazard

Figure 4.3.2a Overview of Mitigation Actions for Cooper County

DF DR EQ EH FL SK LEV SWW WF WND HST TRN 1.1 Continue to enforce floodplain management ordinances in compliance with NFIP requirements X X 1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters X X X X X X 1.3 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways X X X X X 1.4 Encourage cooperative agreements with utility providers to activate energy between utility districts X X X X X X X X 2.1 Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and/or infrastructures. X X X X X X X Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, agencies and special 2.2 X X X X X X X X X X X X districts. 2.3 Identify low water crossings and/or flood prone areas X 2.4 Have alternate fueling sites/sources for emergency vehicles X X X X X X 3.1 Evaluate access problems to critical infrastructure X X X X X 3.2 Provide back-up power to all critical infrastructure X X X X X 3.3 Remove obstructive vegetation and/or combustible material from critical infrastructure X X X X 3.4 Recommend camping facilities and mobile home parks to have safe rooms on premises X X 3.5 Review evacuation routes with special consideration for schools and nursing homes and mitigate any problem areas. X X X X X 3.6 Encourage school buses to be equipped with a multi-channel VHF High Band Devices on board and in schools X X X X X X X X X X 3.7 Encourage shelters to have alternative heating sources X X 3.8 Build a tornado safe room X 4.1 Distribute public education hazard awareness information to the public X X X X X X X X X X X X 4.2 Encourage purchase of drought insurance in agricultural communities X 5.1 Develop a plan for upgrading and/or prioritizing low water crossings X 5.2 Discourage development in known sinkhole areas X 5.3 Install dry hydrants and/or standard hydrants as needed X 5.4 Create secondary water supply sources through interconnections or agreements X X X X 5.5 Install additional pumping stations as needed X X 5.6 Thicken and/or maintain levee as needed to improve capabilities X X 5.7 Build a retainment levee to control seep water and rain water X X 5.8 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily X

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 192 Boonville Hazard

Figure 4.3.2b Overview of Mitigation Actions for

Boonville

DF DR EQ EH FL SWW WF WND HST TRN Continue to enforce floodplain management ordinances in compliance with NFIP 1.1 requirements X

1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters X X X X X X

1.3 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways X X X X X Encourage cooperative agreements with utility providers to activate energy between utility 1.4 districts X X X X X X X X Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings 2.1 and/or infrastructures. X X X X X X X Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, 2.2 agencies and special districts. X X X X X X X X X X

2.4 Have alternate fueling sites/sources for emergency vehicles X X X X X X

3.1 Evaluate access problems to critical infrastructure X X X X

3.2 Provide back-up power to all critical infrastructure X X X X X

3.3 Remove obstructive vegetation and/or combustible material from critical infrastructure X X X X

3.7 Encourage shelters to have alternative heating sources X X

3.8 Build a tornado safe room X

4.1 Distribute public education hazard awareness information to the public X X X X X X X X X X

5.3 Install dry hydrants and/or standard hydrants as needed X

5.4 Create secondary water supply sources through interconnections or agreements X X X X

5.8 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily X

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 193 Bunceton

Hazard

Figure 4.3.2c Overview of Mitigation Actions for Bunceton

DR EQ EH FL SWW WF WND HST TRN

1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters X X X X X X

1.3 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways X X X X X Encourage cooperative agreements with utility providers to activate energy between utility 1.4 districts X X X X X X X Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings 2.1 and/or infrastructures. X X X X X X Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, 2.2 agencies and special districts. X X X X X X X X X

2.4 Have alternate fueling sites/sources for emergency vehicles X X X X X X

3.1 Evaluate access problems to critical infrastructure X X X X

3.2 Provide back-up power to all critical infrastructure X X X X X

3.3 Remove obstructive vegetation and/or combustible material from critical infrastructure X X X X

3.7 Encourage shelters to have alternative heating sources X X

3.8 Build a tornado safe room X

4.1 Distribute public education hazard awareness information to the public X X X X X X X X X

5.3 Install dry hydrants and/or standard hydrants as needed X

5.4 Create secondary water supply sources through interconnections or agreements X X X X

5.8 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily X

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 194 Otterville

Hazard

Figure 4.3.2d Overview of Mitigation Actions for Otterville

DR EQ EH FL SWW WF WND HST TRN

1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters X X X X X X

1.3 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways X X X X X Encourage cooperative agreements with utility providers to activate energy between utility 1.4 districts X X X X X X X Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and/or 2.1 infrastructures. X X X X X X Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, 2.2 agencies and special districts. X X X X X X X X X

2.3 Identify low water crossings and/or flood prone areas X

2.4 Have alternate fueling sites/sources for emergency vehicles X X X X X X

3.1 Evaluate access problems to critical infrastructure X X X X

3.2 Provide back-up power to all critical infrastructure X X X X X

3.3 Remove obstructive vegetation and/or combustible material from critical infrastructure X X X X

3.7 Encourage shelters to have alternative heating sources X X

3.8 Build a tornado safe room X

4.1 Distribute public education hazard awareness information to the public X X X X X X X X X

5.3 Install dry hydrants and/or standard hydrants as needed X

5.4 Create secondary water supply sources through interconnections or agreements X X X X

5.8 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily X

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 195 Pilot Grove

Hazard

Figure 4.3.2e Overview of Mitigation Actions for Pilot Grove

DR EQ EH FL SWW WF WND HST TRN

1.1 Continue to enforce floodplain management ordinances in compliance with NFIP requirements

1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters X X X X X

1.3 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways X X X X X

1.4 Encourage cooperative agreements with utility providers to activate energy between utility districts X X X X X X X X Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and/or 2.1 infrastructures. X X X X X Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, agencies 2.2 and special districts. X X X X X X X X X

2.4 Have alternate fueling sites/sources for emergency vehicles X X X X X

3.1 Evaluate access problems to critical infrastructure X X X

3.2 Provide back-up power to all critical infrastructure X X X X X

3.3 Remove obstructive vegetation and/or combustible material from critical infrastructure X X X X

3.7 Encourage shelters to have alternative heating sources X X

3.8 Build a tornado safe room X

4.1 Distribute public education hazard awareness information to the public X X X X X X X X X

5.3 Install dry hydrants and/or standard hydrants as needed X

5.4 Create secondary water supply sources through interconnections or agreements X X X X

5.8 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 196 Wooldridge

Hazard

Figure 4.3.2f Overview of Mitigation Actions for Wooldridge

DR EQ EH FL LEV SWW WF WND HST TRN

1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters X X X X X

1.3 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways X X X X X Encourage cooperative agreements with utility providers to activate energy between 1.4 utility districts X X X X X X X X Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings 2.1 and/or infrastructures. X X X X X Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, 2.2 agencies and special districts. X X X X X X X X X X

3.3 Remove obstructive vegetation and/or combustible material from critical infrastructure X X X X

3.7 Encourage shelters to have alternative heating sources X X

3.8 Build a tornado safe room X

4.1 Distribute public education hazard awareness information to the public X X X X X X X X X X

5.3 Install dry hydrants and/or standard hydrants as needed X

5.6 Thicken and/or maintain levee as needed to improve capabilities X

5.8 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 197 Linneman-Weekley Levee District Hazard Figure 4.3.2g Overview of Mitigation Actions for

Linneman-Weekley Levee District FL LEV Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and/or 2.1 infrastructures. X Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, agencies and 2.2 special districts. X X

5.5 Install additional pumping stations as needed X X

5.6 Thicken and/or maintain levee as needed to improve capabilities X X

Overton-Wooldridge Levee District

Hazard Figure 4.3.2h Overview of Mitigation Actions for

Overton-Wooldridge Levee District FL LEV

2.1 Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and/or infrastructures. X Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, agencies and 2.2 special districts. X X

5.6 Thicken and/or maintain levee as needed to improve capabilities X X

5.7 Build a retainment levee to control seep water and rain water X X

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 198 Prairie Home R-V School District

Hazard

Figure 4.3.2i Overview of Mitigation Actions for Prairie Home R-V School District

EQ EH FL SWW WF WND HST TRN

1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters X X X X X X

1.3 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways X X X X X Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and/or 2.1 infrastructures. X X X X X X Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, agencies and 2.2 special districts. X X X X X X X X Review evacuation routes with special consideration for schools and nursing homes and mitigate any 3.5 problem areas. X X X X X Encourage school buses to be equipped with a multi-channel VHF High Band Devices on board and in 3.6 schools X X X X X X X X

3.8 Build a tornado safe room X

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 199 Mitigation Actions Addressing Compliance with NFIP Requirements

[The mitigation strategy] must also address the jurisdiction’s Requirement participation in the National Flood Insurance program (NFIP), and §201.6(c)(3)(ii): continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate.

Details of NFIP participation and flood mapping have been included in the Flood Profile in Section 3.5. The NFIP participation statuses of jurisdictions are shown again in Figure 4.3.3, along with the reasons that jurisdictions are not participating. It should be noted that of the three jurisdictions currently not participating in the NFIP, Wooldridge is working towards participation.

Figure 4.3.3 Jurisdictions Participating in NFIP Cooper County Boonville Pilot Grove Jurisdictions Not Participating in NFIP The city has chosen not to participate in the NFIP due to lack of structures in the floodplain and that the program is not currently a high Bunceton priority for the community. The city has stated that this issue may be revisited in the next five years.

The city has only a small sliver of 100 yr. floodplain within the city Otterville limits. They do not currently see the program as a current priority.

Wooldridge The village is currently in the process of getting reinstated in the NFIP, it is not yet clear when Wooldridge will be reinstated. Source: Community Surveys

The jurisdictions of Cooper County, Boonville, and Pilot Grove participate in the NFIP. The following mitigation actions pertain to continued compliance with the NFIP; the participating jurisdiction to which each action applies is listed after the action. While Bunceton, Otterville, and Wooldridge are not participants in NFIP, they do list Flood as a hazard in their communities and are also included in the figure.

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 200

Figure 4.3.3

Mitigation Actions Addressing Compliance with NFIP Requirements Cooper County Boonville Bunceton Otterville Pilot Grove Wooldridge Continue to enforce floodplain management ordinances in compliance x x x 1.1 with NFIP requirements

Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for x x x x x x 2.1 critical buildings and/or infrastructures.

Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration x x x x x x 2.2 among jurisdictions, agencies and special districts.

x x 2.3 Identify low water crossings and/or flood prone areas

x x x x x x 4.1 Distribute public education hazard awareness information to the public

x 5.1 Develop a plan for upgrading and/or prioritizing low water crossings

x 5.5 Install additional pumping stations as needed

x x 5.6 Thicken and/or maintain levee as needed to improve capabilities

x 5.7 Build a retainment levee to control seep water and rain water x x x x x x 5.8 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 201 4.4 Prioritization, Implementation, and Administration

[The mitigation strategy section shall include] an action plan describing how the actions identified in section (c) (3) (ii) will be Requirement prioritized, implemented, and administered by the local jurisdiction.

§201.6(c)(3)(iii): Prioritization shall include a special emphasis on the extent to which benefits are maximized according to a cost benefit review of the proposed projects and their associated costs.

For multi-jurisdictional plans, there must be identifiable action items Requirement specific to the jurisdiction requesting FEMA approval or credit of the §201.6(c)(3)(iv): plan.

Prioritization of Actions using STAPLEE and Benefit/Cost Reviews

After the comprehensive list of mitigation actions for the entire Planning Area had been developed, the Technical Steering Committee carried out a STAPLEE review and Benefit/Cost review on the actions. The following guidelines were used:

STAPLEE Review The questions below were used as starting points for evaluating each action according to the STAPLEE criteria. Scoring: 3 = Definitely YES 2 = Maybe YES 1 = Probably NO 0 = Definitely NO

 Social: Is the action socially acceptable to the community?  Technical: Will the proposed strategy work? Will the action independently solve the problem?  Administrative: Is there someone to coordinate and lead the effort?  Political: Is the action politically acceptable? Is there public support both to implement and to maintain the project?  Legal: Is there legal authority to implement the action?  Economic: Will the action benefit the area economically? Does the cost seem reasonable for the size of the problem and the likely benefits?  Environmental: Is the action consistent with local, state, and federal environmental laws and regulations? Will the project have a positive impact on the environment? Will historic structures be saved or protected?

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 202 Benefit/Cost Review Benefit Two (2) points were added for each of the following avoided damages (8 points maximum = highest benefit)  Injuries and/or casualties  Property damages  Loss-of-function/displacement impacts  Emergency management costs/community costs

Cost Points were subtracted according to the following cost scale (-5 points maximum = highest cost) (-1) = Minimal – little cost to the jurisdiction involved (-3) = Moderate – definite cost involved but could likely be worked into operating budget (-5) = Significant – cost above and beyond most operating budgets; would require extra appropriations to finance or to meet matching funds for a grant

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 203 Total Score The scores for the STAPLEE Review and Benefit/Cost Review were added to determine a Total Score for each action.

Priority Scale To achieve an understanding of how a Total Score might be translated into a Priority Rating, a sample matrix was filled out for the possible range of ratings an action might receive on both the STAPLEE and Benefit/Cost Review (see Figure 4.4.2). The possible ratings tested ranged between:

 A hypothetical action with “Half probably NO and half maybe YES” answers on STAPLEE (i.e. poor STAPLEE score) and Low Benefit/High Cost: Total Score = 7

 A hypothetical action with “All definitely YES” on STAPLEE and High Benefit/Little Cost: Total Score = 28

An inspection of the possible scores within this range led to the development of the following Priority Scale based on the Total Score in the STAPLEE-Benefit/Cost Review process: 20-28 points = High Priority 14-19 points = Medium Priority 13 points and below = Low Priority

The results of the STAPLEE Review, Benefit/Cost Review, and Final Priority for each of the mitigation actions are shown in Figure 4.4.1. It should be noted that most of the actions attained a high priority rating; this is reflective of the fact that many actions which would have scored poorly on the STAPLEE review were deleted for the update during the initial discussion/review of the actions in the original plan (see Section 4.2). Also, many of the actions are ongoing and already in place but remain high priorities of the jurisdictions.

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 204 STAPLEE

Figure 4.4.1 Overview of Prioritization of Actions STAPLEE Total Benefit Cost Total B/C Total Priority 1.1 Continue to enforce floodplian management ordinances in compliance with NFIP requirements 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 19 8 -1 7 26 H 1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -1 7 28 H 1.3 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 20 8 -1 7 27 H 1.4 Encourage cooperative agreements with utility providers to activate energy between utility districts 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -1 7 28 H Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and/or 2.1 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 18 8 -1 7 25 H infrastructures. Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, agencies and 2.2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -1 7 28 H special districts. 2.3 Identify low water crossings and/or flood prone areas 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 19 8 -1 7 26 H 2.4 Have alternate fueling sites/sources for emergency vehicles 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -5 3 24 H 3.1 Evaluate access problems to critical infrastructure 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -1 7 28 H 3.2 Provide back-up power to all critical infrastructure 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -5 3 24 H 3.3 Remove obstructive vegetation and/or combustible material from critical infrastructure 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 6 -1 5 26 H 3.4 Recommend camping facilities and mobile home parks to have safe rooms on premises 3 2 2 3 1 3 3 17 4 -5 -1 16 M Review evacuation routes with special consideration for schools and nursing homes and mitigate any 3.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 6 -1 5 26 H problem areas. Encourge school buses to be equipped with a multi-channel VHF High Band Devices on board and in 3.6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 6 -3 3 24 H schools 3.7 Encourage shelters to have alternative heating sources 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -3 5 26 H 3.8 Build a tornado safe room 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 4 -5 -1 20 H 4.1 Distribute public education hazard awareness information to the public 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -1 7 28 H 4.2 Encourage purchase of drought insurance in agricultural communities 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 20 2 -1 1 21 H 5.1 5.1 Develop a plan for upgrading and/or prioritizing low water crossings 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 19 8 -1 7 26 H 5.2 5.2 Discourage development in known sinkhole areas 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -1 7 28 H 5.3 5.3 Install dry hydrants and/or standard hydrants as needed 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -5 3 24 H 5.4 5.4 Create secondary water supply sources through interconnections or agreements 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -5 3 24 H 5.5 5.5 Install additional pumping stations as needed 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 4 -1 3 24 H 5.6 5.6 Thicken and/or maintain levee as needed to improve capablilities 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 4 -3 1 22 H 5.7 5.7 Build a retainment levee to control seep water and rain water 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 19 4 -5 -1 18 M 5.8 5.8 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 19 8 -5 3 22 H

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 205 Figure 4.4.2 3=Def YES 1=Prob NO Range of Ratings - STAPLEE and Benefit/Cost 2=Maybe YES 0=Def NO

MITIGATION ACTIONS STAPLEE Cost Total TOTAL Benefit B/C Total B/C STAPLEE STAPLEE PRIORITY

Half prob NO, half maybe YES on STAPLEE, Low Benefit, High cost 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 10 2 -5 -3 7 L Half prob NO, half maybe YES on STAPLEE, Mod Benefit, Mod cost 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 10 5 -3 2 12 L Half prob NO, half maybe YES on STAPLEE, High Benefit, Little cost 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 10 8 -1 7 17 M

All maybe YES on STAPLEE, Low Benefit, High cost 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 2 -5 -3 11 L All maybe YES on STAPLEE, Moderate Benefit, Moderate cost 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 5 -3 2 16 M All maybe YES on STAPLEE, High Benefit, Little cost 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 8 -1 7 21 H

Half maybe YES, half def YES on STAPLEE, Low Benefit, High cost 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 17 2 -5 -3 14 M Half maybe YES, half def YES on STAPLEE, Mod Benefit, Mod cost 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 17 5 -3 2 19 M Half maybe YES, half def YES on STAPLEE, High Benefit, Little cost 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 17 8 -1 7 24 H

All def YES on STAPLEE, Low Benefit, High cost 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 2 -5 -3 18 M All def YES on STAPLEE, Moderate Benefit, Moderate cost 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 5 -3 2 23 H All def YES on STAPLEE, High Benefit, Little cost 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 8 -1 7 28 H

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 206 Review of Actions by Participating Jurisdictions

After the prioritization of actions had occurred (Figure 4.4.1), each jurisdiction was given a list of their communities actions and asked to review, edit, and finalize their actions. Much of this review was done during the first public meeting on August 18, 2011 at the Cooper County Emergency Operations Center in Boonville. The sign in sheet from this meeting can be found in Appendix D. For those jurisdictions that were not present, Bunceton, Otterville, and Prairie Home R-V School District, the actions were reviewed over the phone or in a meeting with the a city representative. Below is the list of Participating Jurisdictions and their appointed representative(s) in the review process.

Cooper County Tom White (EMD), Candy Sorrell (Asst. EMD), Commissioner Paul Davis, Commissioner Ernie Walther, Commissioner Eddie Brickner

Boonville Tim Carmichael (Boonville Fire)

Bunceton Wendell Cunningham (Bunceton Fire)

Otterville Traci Schoen (Clerk), Brenda Turpin (Mayor)

Pilot Grove Pete Busalacki (Pilot Grove Police Department)

Wooldridge Kelly Murphy (Chairman of the Board of Trustees)

Overton-Wooldridge Levee District Art Schnuck (Vice-President)

Linneman-Weekley Levee District Jason Linneman (President)

Prairie Home R-V School District Jason Stanoch (Principal)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 207 Individual Actions Administration, Implementation, and Prioritization

The following pages will include all information pertaining to the administration, implementation, and prioritization of each action.

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 208 Implementation and Administration by Action

Goal 1 Mitigation Planning -

Mitigate effects of future natural hazards through public and private cooperation.

1.1 Continue to enforce floodplain management ordinances in compliance with NFIP requirements Cooper County Pilot Grove Jurisdictions Boonville Hazard(s) addressed Flood, Levee Failure Plan for Implementation and Administration: Jurisdictions will continue to enforce floodplain management ordinances in accordance with NFIP participation. This will also include the supplying updated information to FEMA when Flood Insurance Rate Maps are being edited and revised. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County Commission, Cooper County EMA Partners, if any SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Federal and State Projected Completion Date Ongoing Compliance with floodplain ordinances. Sharing of data Criterion for Completion and approval of new FIRM when revised or updated Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 19 Priority: 28 (HIGH)

1.2 Develop agreements with local shelters Jurisdictions All Jurisdictions (excluding levee districts) Flood Levee Failure Hazard(s) addressed Earthquake Wildfire Windstorm Tornado Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions actively participate with the county and the American Red Cross in ensuring that shelter locations are identified and agreements for use are in place. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County Commission, Cooper County EMA Partners, if any SEMA, FEMA, American Red Cross, local non-profits Potential Funding Sources Federal and State Projected Completion Date Ongoing sheltering agreements are in place and maintained as Criterion for Completion needed Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 28 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 209 1.3 Encourage Utility Companies to maintain right of ways Jurisdictions All Jurisdictions (excluding levee districts) Earthquake Wildfire Hazard(s) addressed Severe Winter Weather Windstorm Tornado Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions will continue to encourage utility providers to maintain right of ways through consistent communication. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County, Communities Partners, if any Utility providers, Ameren UE, Co-Mo Electric Potential Funding Sources Federal and State Projected Completion Date Ongoing Criterion for Completion Right of ways are clear of problem vegetation and debris Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 20 Priority: 27 (HIGH)

1.4 Encourage cooperative agreements with utility providers to activate energy between utility districts Jurisdictions All Jurisdictions (excluding levee districts) Dam Failure Severe Winter Weather Earthquake Tornado Hazard(s) addressed Extreme Heat Wildfire Hailstorm Windstorm Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions will continue to encourage utility providers to maintain agreements for restoring power as needed during interruptions in service. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County Commission, Cooper County EMA Partners, if any Ameren UE, Co-Mo Electric, SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Federal and State Projected Completion Date Ongoing Criterion for Completion Completed MOU/MOA in place between utilities Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 28 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 210 Goal 2 Mitigation Policy –

Develop policies that limit the impact of natural hazards on lives and property.

2.1 Review, prioritize, evaluate and monitor needed upgrades or retrofits for critical buildings and/or infrastructures. Jurisdictions All Jurisdictions Dam Failure Tornado Earthquake Wildfire Hazard(s) addressed Flood Windstorm Severe Winter Weather Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions will continue their current practice of inspecting critical infrastructure and making repairs and upgrades as needed. Prioritization of upgrades and retrofitting is dependent on funding need. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County, Local Jurisdiction Partners, if any Local agencies, SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Local, State, and Federal Projected Completion Date Ongoing Criterion for Completion Upgrades and/or retrofits are identified Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 18 Priority: 25 (HIGH)

2.2 Identify, review, and implement mechanisms to foster collaboration among jurisdictions, agencies and special districts. Jurisdictions All Jurisdictions Hazard(s) addressed All Hazards Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions will continue to participate in various mutual aid agreements. All participating jurisdictions participate with Cooper County EMA in the maintenance of the county Emergency Operations Plan. Mutual aid agreements exist between utility districts, fire districts, and law enforcement. Collaboration also exists between local agencies and state and federal agencies. Sheltering agreements with local non-profits, businesses, and houses of worship are also maintained. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County, Local Jurisdiction Partners, if any Local agencies, SEMA, FEMA, USACE, USFW, etc… Potential Funding Sources Local, State, and Federal Projected Completion Date Ongoing Mutual aid agreements are in place and regularly Criterion for Completion maintained Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 28 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 211 2.3 Identify low water crossings and/or flood prone areas Jurisdictions Cooper County Otterville Hazard(s) addressed Flood Plan for Implementation and Administration: Both Cooper County and Otterville have identified flood prone areas, which can be found in Section 3 under "Flood". Cooper County is currently in the process of identifying all low water crossing locations and mapping those locations in a GIS. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County Commission, Otterville City Council Partners, if any Mid-Missouri Regional Planning Commission Potential Funding Sources Local Projected Completion Date 2012 All flooding locations and low water crossings are Criterion for Completion identified Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 19 Priority: 26 (HIGH)

2.4 Have alternate fueling sites/sources for emergency vehicles Cooper County Otterville Jurisdictions Boonville Pilot Grove Bunceton Earthquake Tornado Hazard(s) addressed Flood Wildfire Severe Winter Weather Windstorm Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions have identified a need for additional fueling sites for emergency vehicles, especially when flooding or other events occur that may block roadways and cause lengthy detours. Otterville, Pilot Grove, and Bunceton have only one gas station in each respective community. These communities are in the process of identifying additional sources and creating agreements with private establishments to ensure access in case of an emergency. Cooper County and the City of Boonville have identified that there are portions of their jurisdictions that may become cut off from other areas and will need alternative fueling sites if this occurs. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County Commission, Local Council Partners, if any Privately owned gas stations and automotive shops Potential Funding Sources Local, Private Projected Completion Date Ongoing Additional sources are identified and staff are made Criterion for Completion aware Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 24 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 212 Goal 3 Mitigation Programs –

Implement cost effective and feasible mitigation programs to protect lives and property.

3.1 Evaluate access problems to critical infrastructure Cooper County Otterville Jurisdictions Boonville Pilot Grove Bunceton Earthquake Severe Winter Weather Hazard(s) addressed Flood Wildfire Levee Failure Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions will evaluate, on an annual basis, their ability to access all critical facilities during times of hazardous weather, and/or flooding. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County EMA, Local jurisdiction Partners, if any Local Agencies, SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Local, Federal, State Projected Completion Date Ongoing Access routes are evaluated on a consistent basis and Criterion for Completion changes in procedure are made as needed Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 28 (HIGH)

3.2 Provide back-up power to all critical infrastructure Cooper County Otterville Jurisdictions Boonville Pilot Grove Bunceton Earthquake Tornado Hazard(s) addressed Extreme Heat Windstorm Severe Winter Weather Plan for Implementation and Administration: All Jurisdictions seek to have available back-up power for all critical infrastructures, including but not limited to; law enforcement, fire, EMS, medical facilities. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County EMA, Local jurisdiction Partners, if any Private business owners, Local Agency, SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Local, Federal, State Projected Completion Date 2016 Criterion for Completion Generators are installed, as needed Projected Cost Significant Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-5 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 24 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 213 3.3 Remove obstructive vegetation and/or combustible material from critical infrastructure Cooper County Otterville Jurisdictions Boonville Pilot Grove Bunceton Wooldridge Severe Winter Weather Tornado Hazard(s) addressed Wildfire Windstorm Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions currently have plans in place for maintenance of vegetation in their jurisdiction. This action will be used to reinforce this effort. Lead Department or Agency Local Jurisdiction Partners, if any Utility Providers Potential Funding Sources Local Projected Completion Date Ongoing Criterion for Completion Vegetation is removed or maintained properly Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided PD, LF, EMCC Losses/Damages) Benefit/Cost Score: 6/-1 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 26 (HIGH)

3.4 Recommend camping facilities and mobile home parks to have safe rooms on premises Jurisdictions Cooper County Hazard(s) addressed Wildfire Tornado Plan for Implementation and Administration: Cooper County will encourage all mobile home parks and camping facilities to have a safe room on their premises. This can be achieved through new construction or designation of hardened facilities that may already exist nearby. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County EMA Partners, if any Mobile Home park owners, campsite owners Potential Funding Sources Local, Federal, State Projected Completion Date Ongoing Criterion for Completion Facilities will be educated on the importance of a safe room. Projected Cost Significant Benefits (Avoided I/C, EMCC Losses/Damages) Benefit/Cost Score: 4/-5 STAPLEE score: 17 Priority: 16 (MEDIUM)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 214 3.5 Review evacuation routes with special consideration for schools and nursing homes and mitigate any problem areas.

Jurisdictions Cooper County Prairie Home R-V School District Earthquake Wildfire Hazard(s) addressed Flood Windstorm Tornado Plan for Implementation and Administration: Cooper County EMA, with the cooperation of school districts and nursing homes, will review evacuation procedures on an annual basis to ensure public safety in response to natural and manmade hazards. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County EMA Partners, if any School Districts, Nursing Homes, other special districts Potential Funding Sources Local Projected Completion Date Ongoing Evacuation procedures are in place and reviewed in accordance with Criterion for Completion emergency management protocols Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided I/C, LF, EMCC Losses/Damages) Benefit/Cost Score: 6/-1 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 26 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 215 3.6 Encourage school buses to be equipped with a multi-channel VHF High Band Device on board and in schools

Jurisdictions Cooper County Prairie Home R-V School District Drought Levee Failure Earthquake Severe Winter Weather Hazard(s) addressed Extreme Heat Tornado Flood Wildfire Hailstorm Windstorm Plan for Implementation and Administration: Both Cooper County EMA and Prairie Home R-V Schools will work together to secure funding to equip busses with these radios. This is needed due to poor cell phone reception in certain areas, and a need for a consistent and efficient form of communication between the school district main office and busses en route. Lead Department or Cooper County EMA and Prairie Home R-V School District Agency Partners, if any SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Local, Federal, State Sources Projected Completion 2014 Date Criterion for Completion Radios are installed Projected Cost Moderate Benefits (Avoided I/C, LF, EMCC Losses/Damages) Benefit/Cost Score: 6/-3 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 24 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 216 3.7 Encourage shelters to have alternative heating sources Prairie Home R-V School Cooper County Jurisdictions District Hazard(s) addressed Earthquake Severe Winter Weather Plan for Implementation and Administration: Cooper County EMA will work with designated shelters to ensure there are alternative methods for heat, namely backup generators to run gas or electric units or propane access. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County EMA Partners, if any American Red Cross, SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Local, Federal, State Projected Completion Date 2016 Alternative sources have been identified and cost Criterion for Completion estimates for installation have been gathered Projected Cost Moderate Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-3 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 26 (HIGH)

3.8 Build a tornado safe room Jurisdictions All Jurisdictions (excluding levee districts) Hazard(s) addressed Tornado Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions are currently reviewing their need for a tornado safe room. Boonville, Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove do not currently have specific sites identified, but will review their need in the next five years. Prairie Home R-V Schools are in the process of identifying a site location for such a building, there is great need in this school district, because all staff and students do not fit into the interior rooms used for tornados. Lead Department or Agency Cooper County EMA Partners, if any Local Communities, SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Federal and State Projected Completion Date Ongoing (Needs identified by 2016) Criterion for Completion Sites for safe rooms have been identified Projected Cost Significant Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 4/-5 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 20 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 217 Goal 4 Public Awareness –

Increase public awareness of natural hazards in order to make the public a greater partner in hazard mitigation planning.

4.1 Distribute public education hazard awareness information to the public Cooper County Otterville Jurisdictions Boonville Pilot Grove Bunceton Wooldridge Hazard(s) addressed All Hazards Plan for Implementation and Administration: The Cooper County Emergency Management Agency (EMA) currently has several educational programs in place. The Cooper County EMA is very involved with public education and awareness of natural hazards and other hazards. The following actions are taken by the Cooper County EMA on a regular basis: - Promote educational materials for staff and the public regarding best practices for earthquake preparedness - Encourage safe driving through public education campaigns, websites, community events - Provide public education materials concerning the dangers of icy roads - Provide educational materials for outdoor workers and school athletic organizations on the dangers of excessive heat exposure - Promote education materials for homeowners near large fuel sources - Encourage developers to build earthquake resistant structures Lead Department or Cooper County EMA Agency Partners, if any Public and Private agencies Potential Funding Federal and State Sources Projected Completion Ongoing Date

Criterion for Completion Cooper County EMA will continue its roll in public safety education

Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Losses/Damages) Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 28 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 218

4.2 Encourage purchase of drought insurance in agricultural communities Cooper County Otterville Jurisdictions Boonville Pilot Grove Bunceton Wooldridge Hazard(s) addressed Drought Plan for Implementation and Administration: Farmers will be supplied educational materials as needed to educate on the availability of drought insurance. Lead Department or Cooper County Commission Agency Partners, if any Local insurance agencies, USDA Potential Funding Private Sources Projected Completion Ongoing Date Criterion for Farmers are aware of drought insurance availability Completion Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided PD Losses/Damages) Benefit/Cost Score: STAPLEE score: 20 Priority: 21 (HIGH) 2/-1

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 219 Goal 5 Future Development –

Promote hazard-proof development

5.1 Develop a plan for upgrading and/or prioritizing low water crossings Jurisdictions Cooper County Hazard(s) addressed Flood Plan for Implementation and Administration: The Cooper County and Commission and the Road and Bridge Department would like to have all low water crossings identified in the county (Action 2.3). This would enable better planning for installing signs, constructing new crossings, and would help with general public safety. This action is currently underway through mapping by the Mid-Missouri Regional Planning Commission. In addition to identifying the County will start prioritizing crossings that need to be replaced or upgraded.

Lead Department or Agency Cooper County Road and Bridge Department Partners, if any Mid-Missouri Regional Planning Commission Potential Funding Sources Local Projected Completion Date 2012 Criterion for Completion All low water crossings are identified and mapped Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 19 Priority: 26 (HIGH)

5.2 Discourage development in known sinkhole areas Jurisdictions Cooper County Hazard(s) addressed Land Subsidence/Sinkholes Plan for Implementation and Administration: Cooper County departments will give advice and recommendations concerning construction and/or landuse in known sinkhole areas when necessary. It should be noted that Cooper County does not have zoning ordinances.

Lead Department or Agency Cooper County Commission, Cooper County EMA Partners, if any Private land owners Potential Funding Sources Local Projected Completion Date Ongoing Criterion for Completion Land owners are aware of sinkhole areas Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-1 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 28 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 220 5.3 Install dry hydrants and/or standard hydrants as needed Cooper County Otterville Jurisdictions Boonville Pilot Grove Bunceton Wooldridge Hazard(s) addressed Wildfire Plan for Implementation and Administration: All of the participating jurisdictions currently have standard fire hydrants within their boundaries. The rural fire districts stated that there is a need for dry hydrants to be installed in various areas where standard hydrants cannot be placed. All jurisdictions would implement this action by identifying and evaluating areas of concern across the county. In some places the use of community and/or private water sources may be needed. Cooper County Commission, Cooper County EMA, Lead Department or Agency Rural and City Fire Departments Private/Public land owners, Developers, Water Partners, if any providers Potential Funding Sources Private, Local, Federal, and State Projected Completion Date Ongoing Hydrants are installed and/or agreements are in place Criterion for Completion for future installation and use Projected Cost Significant Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-5 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 24 (HIGH)

5.4 Create secondary water supply sources through interconnections or agreements Cooper County Otterville Jurisdictions Boonville Pilot Grove Bunceton Drought Extreme Heat Hazard(s) addressed Earthquake Wildfire Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions will continue to work towards agreements between water providers and will investigate available funding for constructing connections. Currently community water providers and water districts are separated by several miles and interconnection, while very beneficial, would be very expensive. Lead Department or Agency Water Districts and Incorporated Communities Partners, if any All water districts and incorporated communities Potential Funding Sources Local, Federal, and State Projected Completion Date 2016 Interconnections constructed to connect all water Criterion for Completion utilities Projected Cost Significant Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-5 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 24 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 221 5.5 Install additional pumping stations as needed Linneman-Weekley Levee Cooper County Jurisdictions District Hazard(s) addressed Levee Failure Flood Plan for Implementation and Administration: The levee district would identify areas that are in need of extra pumping stations and identify a funding source. Lead Department or Agency Linneman-Weekley Levee District Partners, if any Cooper County Commission, USACE, SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Private, Local, Federal, and State Projected Completion Date 2016 Criterion for Completion Two pumping stations installed Projected Cost Minimal Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) PD Benefit/Cost Score: 4/-1 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 24 (HIGH)

5.6 Thicken and/or maintain levee as needed to improve capabilities Cooper County Wooldridge Jurisdictions Overton-Wooldridge Linneman-Weekley Levee District Levee District Hazard(s) addressed Levee Failure Flood Plan for Implementation and Administration: Both levee districts will continue current maintenance practices consistent with US Army Corps of Engineers guidelines. Thickening of the levee "toe" or base would increase from a slope of 1 to 2 to a slope of 1 to 3 where needed (for every 1 foot of rise there would be 3 feet of run). In some areas a slope of 1 to 5 may be necessary.

Lead Department or Agency Levee Districts, USACE Partners, if any Cooper County, SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Private, Federal and State Ongoing - project is continuous depending on Projected Completion Date conditions Criterion for Completion Slope is increases to a minimum of 1 to 3 Projected Cost Moderate Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) PD, LF Benefit/Cost Score: 4/-3 STAPLEE score: 21 Priority: 22 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 222 5.7 Build a retainment levee to control seep water and rain water Overton-Wooldridge Levee Cooper County Jurisdictions District Hazard(s) addressed Levee Failure Flood Plan for Implementation and Administration: The Overton-Wooldridge Levee District would need to seek great financial assistance from FEMA or the US Army Corps of Engineers to construct this retainment levee. A study would need to be completed to identify exact location of the retainment levee to mitigate the effects of seep water. Lead Department or Agency Overton-Wooldridge Levee District Partners, if any Cooper County, SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Private, Federal and State Projected Completion Date Ongoing - project is continuous depending on conditions Criterion for Completion Retainment levee constructed Projected Cost Significant Benefits (Avoided PD, LF Losses/Damages) Benefit/Cost Score: 4/-5 STAPLEE score: 19 Priority: 18 (MEDIUM)

5.8 Acquire destroyed or damaged properties and relocate people voluntarily Cooper County Otterville Jurisdictions Boonville Pilot Grove Bunceton Wooldridge Hazard(s) addressed Flood Plan for Implementation and Administration: All jurisdictions would like the opportunity to be eligible to buyout properties in the floodplain if needed. Currently, only on jurisdiction has identified any properties for this activity. The Village of Wooldridge has identified several properties within the 100 year floodplain for this activity. The community is currently trying to reinstate themselves in the National Flood Insurance Program, but until they are officially active any buyouts are not able to go forward.

Lead Department or Agency Local jurisdiction Partners, if any Cooper County, SEMA, FEMA Potential Funding Sources Federal and State Projected Completion Date Ongoing Buyout locations are identified and enrollment in Criterion for Completion NFIP Projected Cost Significant Benefits (Avoided Losses/Damages) I/C, PD, LF, EMCC Benefit/Cost Score: 8/-5 STAPLEE score: 19 Priority: 22 (HIGH)

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 223 4.5 Funding Sources

There are numerous ways which local mitigation projects can be funded.

Local Funds

These funds come predominantly from property and sales tax revenues; they are generally allocated directly to school, public works, and other essential government functions. While there may be little room for mitigation funding within this revenue stream, mitigation activities frequently will be a part of essential government functions. For example, money that is allocated for a new school can fund stronger than normal roofs to help the school in the event of a tornado.

Non-Governmental Funds

Another potential source of revenue for local mitigation efforts are contributions of non- governmental organizations such as churches, charities, community relief funds, the Red Cross, hospitals, businesses, and nonprofit organizations. A variety of these local organizations can be tapped to help carry out local hazard mitigation initiatives.

Federal Funds

The bulk of federal funding for mitigation is available through the FEMA Mitigation Grants Programs; another possible funding source is Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) after a Presidential Disaster Declaration.

FEMA MITIGATION GRANTS PROGRAMS - Jurisdictions which have adopted a FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plan are eligible for hazard mitigation funding through FEMA grant programs. The following five FEMA grant programs currently provide hazard mitigation funding:

 Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)  Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM)  Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA)  Repetitive Flood Claims (RFC)  Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL)

Mitigation activities which are eligible for funding vary between the programs (see Figure 4.5.1). All potential projects must match the stated goals and objectives of the Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan and the State of Missouri Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 224 Figure 4.5.1 Eligible Activities for FEMA Mitigation Grant Programs Activity HMGP PDM FMA RFC SRL 1. Mitigation Projects X X X X X Property Acquisition and Structure Demolition or Relocation X X X X X Structure Elevation X X X X X Mitigation Reconstruction X Dry Flood proofing of Historic Residential Structures X X X X X Dry Flood proofing of Non-residential Structures X X X X Minor Localized Flood Reduction Projects X X X X X Structural Retrofitting of Existing Buildings X X Non-structural Retrofitting of Existing Buildings and Facilities X X Safe Room Construction X X Infrastructure Retrofit X X Soil Stabilization X X Wildfire Mitigation X X Post-disaster Code Enforcement X 5% Initiative Projects X 2. Hazard Mitigation Planning X X X 3. Management Costs X X X X X Source: www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=3648

Application and Cost Share Requirements:

The application process for the FEMA Mitigation Grant Programs includes a Benefit Cost Analysis (BCA). A potential project must have a Benefit Cost Ratio of at least 1.0 to be considered for funding; a ratio of 1.0 indicates at least $1 benefit for each $1 spent on the project.

A BCA is the first step in assessing if a project has the potential to be funded. The BCA for a potential project is run on FEMA’s BCA Software; planners at the Mid-MO RPC are trained on this software.

Application for most of the mitigation grant programs must be made through eGrants, FEMA’s web-based, electronic grants management system. HMGP has a paper application.

Cost share requirements and the application format for these five programs are shown in Figure 4.26. Contributions of cash, in-kind services or materials, or any combination thereof, may be accepted as part of the non-Federal cost share. For FMA, not more than one half of the non- Federal contribution may be provided from in-kind contributions.

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 225 Figure 4.26 FEMA Mitigation Grant Programs Cost Share

Grant Program Federal/Local Notes Application Match

HMGP 75/25 Paper

PDM 75/25 e-grants Qualification Requirements for "small impoverished": • A community of 3,000 or fewer individuals identified by the State as a rural community that is not a remote area within the corporate boundaries of a larger city • An average per capita annual income not exceeding 80 PDM percent of the national per capita income, based on best (Small available data. (For current information: 90/10 e-grants Impoverished http://www.bea.gov) Community) • A local unemployment rate exceeding by 1 percentage point or more the most recently reported, average yearly national unemployment rate. (For current information: http://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.us.htm) • Meet other criteria required by the State/Tribe/Territory in which the community is located

FMA 75/25 e-grants

FMA In Missouri, this cost share is less than the usual 75/25 (Severe 90/10 because the State has an approved “Enhanced” State e-grants Repetitive Loss Mitigation Plan. Property) RFC is only available to applicants who cannot meet the RFC 100/0 e-grants cost share requirement of FMA. In Missouri, this cost share is less than the usual 75/25 SRL 90/10 because the State has an approved “Enhanced” State e-grants Mitigation Plan.

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 226 Details of each program are discussed below.

Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)

The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) was created in November 1988 through Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. The HMGP assists states and local communities in implementing long-term mitigation measures following a Presidential disaster declaration. After a major disaster, communities may be able to identify additional areas where mitigation can help prevent losses in the future.

HMGP funding is allocated using a “sliding scale” formula based on the percentage of the funds spent on Public and Individual Assistance programs for each Presidential Disaster Declaration.

The HMGP can be used to fund projects to protect either public or private property; the proposed projects must fit within the state and local government's overall mitigation strategy for the disaster area, and comply with program guidelines.

Eligibility for funding under the HMGP is limited to state and local governments, certain private nonprofit organizations or institutions that serve a public function, Indian tribes and authorized tribal organizations. Applicants work through their state which is responsible for setting priorities for funding and administering the program.

More information on this program is available at: www.fema.gov/government/grant/hmgp/

Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (PDM)

With the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, Congress approved the creation of a national program to provide a funding mechanism that is not dependent on a Presidential Disaster Declaration.

The Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Program provides funding for cost-effective hazard mitigation activities that complement a comprehensive mitigation program, and reduce injuries, loss of life, and damage and destruction of property. The PDM grant funds are provided to the state which then provides sub-grants to local governments for eligible mitigation activities.

More information on this program is available at: www.fema.gov/government/grant/pdm/

Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA)

FMA was created as part of the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 4101) with the goal of reducing or eliminating claims under the NFIP. Applicants must be participants in good standing in NFIP and properties to be mitigated must have flood insurance.

States administer the FMA program and are responsible for selecting projects for funding from the applicants submitted by all communities within the state. The state then forwards selected

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 227 applications to FEMA for an eligibility determination. Although individuals cannot apply directly for FMA funds, their local government may submit an application on their behalf.

FMA funding for the state depends on the number of repetitive losses in the state. The frequency of flooding in Missouri in recent years, coupled with the losses incurred, has caused Missouri’s funding to rise. This is a good program for smaller projects like low water crossings, according to Sheila Huddleston, Missouri State Hazard Mitigation Officer.

For FMA, not more than one half of the non-Federal may be provided from in-kind contributions.

More information on this program is available at: www.fema.gov/government/grant/fma/

Repetitive Flood Claims Grant Program (RFC)

The Repetitive Flood Claims (RFC) grant program was authorized in 1968 to assist States and communities in reducing flood damages to insured properties that have had one or more claims to the NFIP.

In order to apply for funding through this 100% Federal share program, a community must show that it can’t meet FMA requirements due to lack of cost share match or capacity to manage the activities. This doesn’t necessarily mean it needs to be a low-income community. A St. Louis area community was awarded a RFC grant on the basis that it couldn’t meet FMA requirements because it was in the middle of the budget cycle.

More information on this program is available at: www.fema.gov/government/grant/rfc/

Severe Repetitive Loss Grant Program (SRL)

The Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) grant program was authorized in 2004 to provide funding to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood damage to severe repetitive loss (SRL) properties insured under the NFIP.

A SRL property is defined as a residential property that is covered under an NFIP flood insurance policy and:

(a) Has at least four NFIP claim payments (including building and contents) over $5,000 each, and the cumulative amount of such claims payments exceeds $20,000; or

(b) For which at least two separate claims payments (building payments only) have been made with the cumulative amount of the building portion of such claims exceeding the market value of the building.

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 228 For both (a) and (b) above, at least two of the referenced claims must have occurred within any ten-year period, and must be greater than 10 days apart. There are very specific requirements for this grant program; requirements need to be studied carefully before making application.

For buyouts under SRL, a property must be on FEMA’s validated SRL list to be eligible. Property owner consultations are required before submitting an application.

More information on this program is available at: www.fema.gov/government/grant/srl/

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT (CDBG)

The objective of the CDBG program is to assist communities in rehabilitating substandard dwelling structures and to expand economic opportunities, primarily for low-to-moderate-income families. After a Presidential Disaster Declaration CDBG funds may be used for long-term needs such as acquisition, reconstruction, and redevelopment of disaster-affected areas. There is no low-to-moderate income requirement after a Presidential Disaster Declaration.

Section 4 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 229 Section 5: Plan Maintenance Process

[The plan maintenance process shall include a] section describing the Requirement method and schedule of monitoring, evaluating, and updating the mitigation §201.6(c)(4)(i): plan within a five-year cycle.

5.1 Plan Monitoring and Evaluation

The Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan will be monitored and evaluated on a yearly basis during the months of March and April, beginning in the year following approval and adoption. This would mean there will be four monitoring/evaluation periods (spring 2013, spring 2014, spring 2015, spring 2016). The last monitoring and evaluation in 2016 will lead into the 5-year update process.

The monitoring and evaluation with be facilitated through the Mid-MO Regional Planning Commission. It will consist of the following:

1. Surveys will be sent to all participating jurisdictions for information including: mitigation actions which have been implemented in the jurisdiction, changes in priorities of mitigation actions within the jurisdiction, needs not addressed by the current plan. A sample survey is shown in Figure 5.1.

2. Survey information will be collated by planners at the Mid-MO RPC.

3. Meeting(s) of the Hazard Mitigation Technical Steering Committee will be convened by the Mid-MO RPC to discuss survey feedback, any changes in hazard risks in the county, and any other pertinent information.

4. A yearly report will be written and included as an addendum to the current plan.

Section 5 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 230 Figure 5.1 Yearly Survey of Mitigation Actions for ………. (Sample)

Plan for Implementation Current Status of Mitigation Mitigation Action Comments Date and Lead Action Priority Agency Action #

Administration Projected Completion Completion Criterion for Departmentor

Please indicate the current status of each mitigation action on the above chart. Please note any change to the priorities of actions.

Are there any changes in your jurisdiction which may affect the content of the Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan? If so, please describe.

Section 5 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 231 5.2 Plan Updating

FEMA requirements state a hazard mitigation plan must be updated and reapproved by FEMA every five years; the five years is counted from when the first participating jurisdiction adopts the approved plan.

Assuming approval and adoption of the current plan occurs in the spring of 2012, the Cooper County Hazard Mitigation Plan will need to be updated and reapproved by FEMA in the spring of 2017. Work on this update would need to begin approximately 6 to 9 months prior to the actual deadline for reapproval in order to have adequate time for countywide discussion and participation in the update.

Figure 5.2.1 Proposed Timeline for 5-year Update of Hazard Mitigation Plan KEY: PED = Plan Expiration Date Activity Timeline to Begin Responsible Party Yearly during Preliminary update of data Mid-MO RPC maintenance/review of plan Prepare cost estimates for update of plan PED - 14 months Mid-MO RPC and submit to SEMA Receive Memorandum of Agreement from PED - 12 months SEMA SEMA for update Review data for any additional updates PED - 12 months Mid-MO RPC Contact participating jurisdictions re: representation on Technical Steering PED - 12 months Mid-MO RPC Committee for update of plan Meetings to conduct preliminary review Technical Steering PED - 11 months and update of plan Committee Survey to participating jurisdictions re: capabilities, vulnerable assets, future PED - 11 months Mid-MO RPC development Public Meeting #1 for comment and input Mid-MO RPC/Technical PED - 9 months on draft update Steering Committee Draft of update due at SEMA PED - 8 months Mid-MO RPC Participating jurisdictions hold meetings PED - 8 months Participating Jurisdictions to discuss plan and mitigation actions Public Meeting #2 for comment and input Mid-MO RPC/Technical PED - 6 months on final update Steering Committee Final plan due at SEMA for review before PED - 5 months Mid-MO RPC submission to FEMA Plan reviewed by SEMA PED - 4 months SEMA Required changes/additions made to plan PED - 4 months Mid-MO RPC Plan submitted to FEMA PED - 3 months SEMA Participating jurisdictions adopt approved PED - 2 months Participating Jurisdictions plan

Section 5 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 232 The ongoing yearly maintenance and evaluation of the plan, as described previously, will be of great value when undertaking the five year update. Continuity of personnel on the Hazard Mitigation Technical Steering Committee throughout the five year process would be highly beneficial in taking mitigation planning to the next level.

The following data gaps in the current plan should be examined during the 2016 update process: Dam Failure Information from the mapping of the high hazards dams in the county should be completed before 2016. Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) may have been written for some, or all, of the regulated dams in the county by this time. The following sites may be helpful in obtaining current information on the progress of this work: DNR’s Dam Safety Program (http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/wrc/damsft/damsfthp.htm) and DamSafetyAction.org,

Levee Failure There are some data gaps in assessing vulnerability to levee failure which, while not critical to gaining an overall perspective on vulnerability, would increase accuracy if available.

Inundation information is not readily available for areas protected by levee districts and areas protected by non-district or private levees are not known.

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), working with FEMA and other federal, state, and local agencies, assembled a Regional Interagency Levee Task Force (ILTF) in 2008 to provide a uniform approach across the area impacted by flooding in the Midwest. Data is currently being updated and made more available through this task force. Following the intense flooding throughout the Missouri River Valley in 2011, the USACE added significant content to their website. This information is continuously being updated and the new mapping capability may be useful during the maintenance of this plan and during the next five year update. The webpage for the National Levee Database can be found at http://nld.usace.army.mil/egis/f?p=471:1:3352100546410181.

Section 5 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 233 5.3 Integration of Hazard Mitigation into Other Planning Mechanisms

[The plan shall include a] process by which local governments Requirement incorporate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other

§201.6(c)(4)(ii): planning mechanisms such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, when appropriate.

Successful mitigation depends on the actual implementation of the mitigation actions arrived at through the planning process. The composition of the Technical Steering Committee for the update of the Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan bodes well for the successful incorporation of the hazard mitigation strategy into other planning processes throughout the Planning Area.

In addition to the core members of the Technical Steering Committee, the representatives from Cooper County were resourceful in bringing other knowledgeable staff to meetings on subjects in their particular areas of expertise. The entire process thus drew on experience and knowledge from: elected officials/staff from the incorporated communities; senior department members from Cooper County in key areas such as Emergency Management, Road and Bridge, Public Health and Fire; and representatives from the educational institutions, levee districts, and fire districts.

This diverse group worked to produce a thoughtful and useful document. The sheer number of different people involved in the update process has raised the level of awareness of hazard mitigation planning within the Planning Area; this will also be helpful when integrating the Hazard Mitigation Plan into other planning processes.

Cooper County The primary planning document for the unincorporated area of the county is The Cooper County Emergency Operations Plan. An update of this plan is currently underway. During the next update process, the requirements of the Hazard Mitigation Plan will be integrated with this document.

In the meantime, the Cooper County Commission and the Cooper County EMA will adopt the Hazard Mitigation Plan as an additional planning document for the County.

The Cooper County Emergency Management Director, Assistant Director, and County Commissioners were key members of the Technical Steering Committee for the update of the Hazard Mitigation Plan; they are also involved in developing the plan for implementing and administering those County mitigation actions which fall under their scope of duties. They will ensure that the mitigation actions are included in the EMA work program and other county planning documents or work programs according to the prioritizations in the plan.

Section 5 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 234 Incorporated Communities of Boonville, Bunceton, Otterville, Pilot Grove, and Wooldridge The smaller incorporated communities in the Planning Area do not have Master or Comprehensive Plans. They are, however, part of the Cooper County EOP; the integration of the Hazard Mitigation Plan with the EOP will serve to integrate the actions under the lead of the EMD for these jurisdictions also.

In all of these communities, the City Council or the Board of Aldermen/Trustees serves as the main planning body. These bodies were informed of the hazard mitigation update planning process as it was taking place. The councils/boards approved the specific mitigation actions for their jurisdictions, in addition to the plans for implementation and administration. In most of these communities, the Council/Mayor is responsible for implementing most of the specific mitigation actions.

Levee Districts

Neither the Linneman-Weekly Levee District nor the Overton-Wooldridge Levee District have work programs. They do have annual budgets that they submit to the Cooper County Commission. The levee districts may use this plan to help develop a budget to include actions they have laid out in this plan. Both levee districts attended Steering Committee Meetings and provided great input.

School Districts

The mitigation actions in the Hazard Mitigation Plan will be integrated into the Crisis Management Plan for the Prairie Home R-V School District. These actions will be maintained as goals in the schools plans and will be updated on a regular basis.

All Participating Jurisdictions In addition to the specific incorporation/integration methods described for each participating jurisdiction, it should be emphasized that the yearly maintenance of the Hazard Mitigation Plan, as discussed in Section 5.1, will serve to help incorporate and integrate its requirements into the planning in the jurisdictions.

Section 5 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 235 5.4 Public Participation in Plan Maintenance

[The plan maintenance process shall include a] discussion on how Requirement the community will continue public participation in the plan §201.6(c)(4)(iii): maintenance process.

The Cooper County Hazard Mitigation plan will be remain posted on the website of the Mid- Missouri Regional Planning Commission (www.mmrpc.org) for the public review and comment. Either the plan itself or links to the plan will also be posted on as many websites of participating jurisdictions as possible.

The Cooper County Emergency Management Director will facilitate presenting the entire plan to interested groups within the county including:

 Health Department Personnel  City Fire and Rural Fire Protection Districts  City Elected Officials/Administrators  Educational Personnel  Local Emergency Planning Committees  Local Police/Sheriff Department Personnel  Cooper County Commissioners/Directors

Section 5 Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 236

Appendix A Adoption Resolutions

Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices

Appendix B Meeting Agenda Sample

Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices

Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices Appendix C Sign-in Sheets from Meetings

Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices

Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices

Appendix D Meeting Announcement Sample

Cooper County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Appendices

256

Appendix E City of Boonville Insurance Statement

257

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