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De Biënnale Van Istanbul Een Kruispunt Van Mentale Ruimtes

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De Biënnale Van Istanbul Een Kruispunt Van Mentale Ruimtes Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte Tine Van Hoof De Biënnale van Istanbul Een kruispunt van mentale ruimtes MASTERPROEF Promotor: prof. dr. Claire Van Damme Vakgroep Kunst-, muziek- en theaterwetenschappen Master in de Kunstwetenschappen Hedendaagse, beeldende Kunst 2009-2010 1 2 VOORWOORD Aan de basis van deze masterproef ligt een liefde voor de stad Istanbul, waar ik in 2005-2006 een jaar verbleef als uitwisselingsstudente. Gaandeweg verfijnde het onderwerp zich tot de ontwikkeling van een interculturele dialoog in de Internationale Istanbul Biënnale. De resultaten tonen, onder andere, hoe hedendaagse kunst op een zinvolle manier kan worden ingezet om inzicht te krijgen in elkaars anders-zijn. Dit is althans de belangrijkste les die ik uit twee jaar onderzoek heb geleerd. Mijn dank gaat uit naar iedereen die mij heeft geholpen bij het tot stand komen van deze masterproef, in eerste plaats naar mijn promotor prof. dr. Claire Van Damme, die richting gaf aan dit onderzoek. Ook de geïnterviewden wil ik hartelijk bedanken om hun tijd en kennis met mij te delen, namelijk Marcus Graf, Sibel Yardimci, Ahu Antmen, Bige Ören, Sylvain van Labbeke en in het bijzonder Beral Madra. Daarnaast dienen de informatiecentra en bibliotheken waar ik vriendelijk werd ontvangen hier vermeld te worden, met name het Platform Garanti Contemporary Art Center, de Stichting voor Cultuur en Kunst en de museumbibliotheek van IstanbulModern te Istanbul en het Van Abbemuseum te Eindhoven, naast de bibliotheek van het Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst en de bibliotheek van de Universiteit van Gent. De meeste geraadpleegde bronnen zijn in deze instellingen terug te vinden. Tenslotte bedank ik iedereen die, in formele en informele gesprekken, nieuwe inzichten aanbracht en mij op goede weg hielp. 3 INHOUDSTAFEL VOORWOORD....................................................................................................................................... 3 INLEIDING............................................................................................................................................. 6 DEEL I DE BIËNNALE INTERNATIONAAL............................................................................ 16 1. SOCIO-CULTURELE SITUATIE VAN ISTANBUL ............................................................. 16 1.1 VOORGESCHIEDENIS ......................................................................................................... 16 1.2 KUNSTSCENE ....................................................................................................................... 22 1.3 STICHTING VOOR CULTUUR EN KUNST ....................................................................... 26 2. GLOBALE VERHOUDINGEN ............................................................................................... 28 2.1 ALGEMEEN ........................................................................................................................... 28 2.2 SPIEGELS ............................................................................................................................... 35 2.3 POSITIE .................................................................................................................................. 40 3. MOGELIJKHEDEN TOT INTERCULTURELE DIALOOG .................................................. 47 3.1 VOORBEELDEN ................................................................................................................... 47 3.2 CRITERIA ............................................................................................................................... 52 II. INTERCULTURALITEIT IN DE INTERNATIONALE ISTANBUL BIËNNALE ...................... 56 1. CONCEPTUELE KADER ........................................................................................................ 56 1.1 Contemporary Art in Traditional Spaces (1987) ..................................................................... 56 1.2 Contemporary Art in Traditional Spaces (1989) ..................................................................... 58 1.3 Production of Cultural Difference (1992) ............................................................................... 59 1.4 Orient/ation. The vision of art in a paradoxical world (1995) ................................................. 60 1.5 On life, beauty, translation and other difficulties (1997)......................................................... 62 1.6 The Passion and the Wave (1999) ........................................................................................... 63 1.7 Egofugal. Fugue from the Ego for the Next Emergence (2001) .............................................. 64 1.8 Poetic Justice (2003)................................................................................................................ 65 1.9 Istanbul (2005) ........................................................................................................................ 67 1.10 Not only Possible, but also Necessary: Optimism in the age of Global War (2007)............. 69 1.11 What Keeps Mankind Alive? (2009) ..................................................................................... 71 2. ORGANISATIE ........................................................................................................................ 73 2.1 AANBOD ................................................................................................................................ 74 2.2 PUBLIEKSWERKING EN PR ............................................................................................... 78 2.3 RANDACTIVITEITEN .......................................................................................................... 81 3. LOCATIES .................................................................................................................................... 83 3.1 VARIËTEIT ................................................................................................................................ 85 4 3.2 BUITEN DE GRENZEN ........................................................................................................ 91 4. DEELNEMERS............................................................................................................................. 92 4.1 CURATOREN ......................................................................................................................... 92 4.2 NATIONALE SELECTIE....................................................................................................... 94 4.3 DIASPORA ............................................................................................................................. 97 4.4 TURKSE KUNSTENAARS ................................................................................................... 98 4.5 PROFIELEN ........................................................................................................................... 99 5. KUNSTWERKEN ....................................................................................................................... 102 5.1 INHOUDELIJK ..................................................................................................................... 102 5.2 FORMEEL ............................................................................................................................ 106 5.3 STRATEGIEËN .................................................................................................................... 111 III. BARRIÈRES ................................................................................................................................. 114 1. IN DE BIËNNALE ................................................................................................................. 116 1.1 COMMERCIËEL BESTEL .................................................................................................. 116 1.2 FORMELE GASTVRIJHEID ............................................................................................... 116 1.3 NATIONALE REPRESENTATIE ....................................................................................... 117 1.4 ORGANISATIE .................................................................................................................... 117 1.5 VORMGEVING .................................................................................................................... 118 1.6 LEGITIMITEIT ..................................................................................................................... 118 1.7 LOKALE VERANKERING ................................................................................................. 119 2. IN ISTANBUL ........................................................................................................................ 121 2.1 INFRASTRUCTUREEL ....................................................................................................... 121 2.2 DEMOGRAFISCH ............................................................................................................... 122 2.3 CULTUREEL-POLITIEK KLIMAAT ................................................................................. 122 2.5 CENSUUR ............................................................................................................................ 124 2.6 SPATIAL POLITICS ............................................................................................................. 125 3. EXTERN ................................................................................................................................
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