Satellite Contributions to the Quantitative Characterization of Biomass Burning for Climate Modeling
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A Wunda-Full World? Carbon Dioxide Ice Deposits on Umbriel and Other Uranian Moons
Icarus 290 (2017) 1–13 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus A Wunda-full world? Carbon dioxide ice deposits on Umbriel and other Uranian moons ∗ Michael M. Sori , Jonathan Bapst, Ali M. Bramson, Shane Byrne, Margaret E. Landis Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Carbon dioxide has been detected on the trailing hemispheres of several Uranian satellites, but the exact Received 22 June 2016 nature and distribution of the molecules remain unknown. One such satellite, Umbriel, has a prominent Revised 28 January 2017 high albedo annulus-shaped feature within the 131-km-diameter impact crater Wunda. We hypothesize Accepted 28 February 2017 that this feature is a solid deposit of CO ice. We combine thermal and ballistic transport modeling to Available online 2 March 2017 2 study the evolution of CO 2 molecules on the surface of Umbriel, a high-obliquity ( ∼98 °) body. Consid- ering processes such as sublimation and Jeans escape, we find that CO 2 ice migrates to low latitudes on geologically short (100s–1000 s of years) timescales. Crater morphology and location create a local cold trap inside Wunda, and the slopes of crater walls and a central peak explain the deposit’s annular shape. The high albedo and thermal inertia of CO 2 ice relative to regolith allows deposits 15-m-thick or greater to be stable over the age of the solar system. -
Exomoon Habitability Constrained by Illumination and Tidal Heating
submitted to Astrobiology: April 6, 2012 accepted by Astrobiology: September 8, 2012 published in Astrobiology: January 24, 2013 this updated draft: October 30, 2013 doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0859 Exomoon habitability constrained by illumination and tidal heating René HellerI , Rory BarnesII,III I Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany, [email protected] II Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 951580, Seattle, WA 98195, [email protected] III NASA Astrobiology Institute – Virtual Planetary Laboratory Lead Team, USA Abstract The detection of moons orbiting extrasolar planets (“exomoons”) has now become feasible. Once they are discovered in the circumstellar habitable zone, questions about their habitability will emerge. Exomoons are likely to be tidally locked to their planet and hence experience days much shorter than their orbital period around the star and have seasons, all of which works in favor of habitability. These satellites can receive more illumination per area than their host planets, as the planet reflects stellar light and emits thermal photons. On the contrary, eclipses can significantly alter local climates on exomoons by reducing stellar illumination. In addition to radiative heating, tidal heating can be very large on exomoons, possibly even large enough for sterilization. We identify combinations of physical and orbital parameters for which radiative and tidal heating are strong enough to trigger a runaway greenhouse. By analogy with the circumstellar habitable zone, these constraints define a circumplanetary “habitable edge”. We apply our model to hypothetical moons around the recently discovered exoplanet Kepler-22b and the giant planet candidate KOI211.01 and describe, for the first time, the orbits of habitable exomoons. -
Planetary Nomenclature: an Overview and Update
3rd Planetary Data Workshop 2017 (LPI Contrib. No. 1986) 7119.pdf PLANETARY NOMENCLATURE: AN OVERVIEW AND UPDATE. T. Gaither1, R. K. Hayward1, J. Blue1, L. Gaddis1, R. Schulz2, K. Aksnes3, G. Burba4, G. Consolmagno5, R. M. C. Lopes6, P. Masson7, W. Sheehan8, B.A. Smith9, G. Williams10, C. Wood11, 1USGS Astrogeology Science Center, Flagstaff, Ar- izona ([email protected]); 2ESA Scientific Support Office, Noordwijk, The Netherlands; 3Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Oslo, Norway; 4Vernadsky Institute, Moscow, Russia; 5Specola Vaticana, Vati- can City State; 6Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 7Uni- versite de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France; 8Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona; 9Santa Fe, New Mexico; 10Minor Planet Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 11Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona. Introduction: The task of naming planetary Asteroids surface features, rings, and natural satellites is Ceres 113 managed by the International Astronomical Un- Dactyl 2 ion’s (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Eros 41 Nomenclature (WGPSN). The members of the Gaspra 34 WGPSN and its task groups have worked since the Ida 25 early 1970s to provide a clear, unambiguous sys- Itokawa 17 tem of planetary nomenclature that represents cul- Lutetia 37 tures and countries from all regions of Earth. Mathilde 23 WGPSN members include Rita Schulz (chair) and Steins 24 9 other members representing countries around the Vesta 106 globe (see author list). In 2013, Blue et al. [1] pre- Jupiter sented an overview of planetary nomenclature, and Amalthea 4 in 2016 Hayward et al. [2] provided an update to Thebe 1 this overview. Given the extensive planetary ex- Io 224 ploration and research that has taken place since Europa 111 2013, it is time to update the community on the sta- Ganymede 195 tus of planetary nomenclature, the purpose and Callisto 153 rules, the process for submitting name requests, and the IAU approval process. -
Evaluation of Multiple Satellite Precipitation Products and Their Use in Hydrological Modelling Over the Luanhe River Basin, China
water Article Evaluation of Multiple Satellite Precipitation Products and Their Use in Hydrological Modelling over the Luanhe River Basin, China Peizhen Ren, Jianzhu Li *, Ping Feng, Yuangang Guo and Qiushuang Ma State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; [email protected] (P.R.); [email protected] (P.F.); [email protected] (Y.G.); [email protected] (Q.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-136-2215-1558 Received: 26 March 2018; Accepted: 14 May 2018; Published: 24 May 2018 Abstract: Satellite precipitation products are unique sources of precipitation measurement that overcome spatial and temporal limitations, but their precision differs in specific catchments and climate zones. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the precipitation data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42RT, TRMM 3B42, and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) products over the Luanhe River basin, North China, from 2001 to 2012. Subsequently, we further explore the performances of these products in hydrological models using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with parameter and prediction uncertainty analyses. The results show that 3B42 and 3B42RT overestimate precipitation, with BIAs values of 20.17% and 62.80%, respectively, while PERSIANN underestimates precipitation with a BIAs of −6.38%. Overall, 3B42 has the smallest RMSE and MAE and the highest CC values on both daily and monthly scales and performs better than PERSIANN, followed by 3B42RT. The results of the hydrological evaluation suggest that precipitation is a critical source of uncertainty in the SWAT model, and different precipitation values result in parameter uncertainty, which propagates to prediction and water resource management uncertainties. -
Constraints on the Habitability of Extrasolar Moons
Formation, Detection, and Characterization of Extrasolar Habitable Planets Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 293, 2012 c International Astronomical Union 2014 N. Haghighipour, ed. doi:10.1017/S1743921313012738 Constraints on the Habitability of Extrasolar Moons Ren´e Heller1 and Rory Barnes2,3 1 Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam email: [email protected] 2 University of Washington, Dept. of Astronomy, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 3 Virtual Planetary Laboratory, NASA, USA email: [email protected] Abstract. Detections of massive extrasolar moons are shown feasible with the Kepler space telescope. Kepler’s findings of about 50 exoplanets in the stellar habitable zone naturally make us wonder about the habitability of their hypothetical moons. Illumination from the planet, eclipses, tidal heating, and tidal locking distinguish remote characterization of exomoons from that of exoplanets. We show how evaluation of an exomoon’s habitability is possible based on the parameters accessible by current and near-future technology. Keywords. celestial mechanics – planets and satellites: general – astrobiology – eclipses 1. Introduction The possible discovery of inhabited exoplanets has motivated considerable efforts towards estimating planetary habitability. Effects of stellar radiation (Kasting et al. 1993; Selsis et al. 2007), planetary spin (Williams & Kasting 1997; Spiegel et al. 2009), tidal evolution (Jackson et al. 2008; Barnes et al. 2009; Heller et al. 2011), and composition (Raymond et al. 2006; Bond et al. 2010) have been studied. Meanwhile, Kepler’s high precision has opened the possibility of detecting extrasolar moons (Kipping et al. 2009; Tusnski & Valio 2011) and the first dedicated searches for moons in the Kepler data are underway (Kipping et al. -
Use of Simulated Reflectances Over Bright Desert
This article was downloaded by: [European Space Agency] On: 06 August 2014, At: 01:49 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Remote Sensing Letters Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/trsl20 Use of simulated reflectances over bright desert target as an absolute calibration reference Yves Govaerts a , Sindy Sterckx b & Stefan Adriaensen b a Govaerts Consulting , Brussels , Belgium b VITO, Centre for Remote Sensing and Earth Observation , Mol , Belgium Published online: 05 Feb 2013. To cite this article: Yves Govaerts , Sindy Sterckx & Stefan Adriaensen (2013) Use of simulated reflectances over bright desert target as an absolute calibration reference, Remote Sensing Letters, 4:6, 523-531, DOI: 10.1080/2150704X.2013.764026 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2013.764026 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. -
Occultation Newsletter Volume 8, Number 4
Volume 12, Number 1 January 2005 $5.00 North Am./$6.25 Other International Occultation Timing Association, Inc. (IOTA) In this Issue Article Page The Largest Members Of Our Solar System – 2005 . 4 Resources Page What to Send to Whom . 3 Membership and Subscription Information . 3 IOTA Publications. 3 The Offices and Officers of IOTA . .11 IOTA European Section (IOTA/ES) . .11 IOTA on the World Wide Web. Back Cover ON THE COVER: Steve Preston posted a prediction for the occultation of a 10.8-magnitude star in Orion, about 3° from Betelgeuse, by the asteroid (238) Hypatia, which had an expected diameter of 148 km. The predicted path passed over the San Francisco Bay area, and that turned out to be quite accurate, with only a small shift towards the north, enough to leave Richard Nolthenius, observing visually from the coast northwest of Santa Cruz, to have a miss. But farther north, three other observers video recorded the occultation from their homes, and they were fortuitously located to define three well- spaced chords across the asteroid to accurately measure its shape and location relative to the star, as shown in the figure. The dashed lines show the axes of the fitted ellipse, produced by Dave Herald’s WinOccult program. This demonstrates the good results that can be obtained by a few dedicated observers with a relatively faint star; a bright star and/or many observers are not always necessary to obtain solid useful observations. – David Dunham Publication Date for this issue: July 2005 Please note: The date shown on the cover is for subscription purposes only and does not reflect the actual publication date. -
(CALIPSO-PARASOL) to Evaluate Tropical Cloud Properties in the LMDZ5 GCM D
Use of A-train satellite observations (CALIPSO-PARASOL) to evaluate tropical cloud properties in the LMDZ5 GCM D. Konsta, J.-L Dufresne, H Chepfer, A Idelkadi, G Cesana To cite this version: D. Konsta, J.-L Dufresne, H Chepfer, A Idelkadi, G Cesana. Use of A-train satellite observations (CALIPSO-PARASOL) to evaluate tropical cloud properties in the LMDZ5 GCM. Climate Dynamics, Springer Verlag, 2016, 47 (3), pp.1263-1284. 10.1007/s00382-015-2900-y. hal-01384436 HAL Id: hal-01384436 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01384436 Submitted on 19 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Use of A.pdf Click here to view linked References 1 Use of A-train satellite observations (CALIPSO-PARASOL) to evaluate tropical cloud properties in the LMDZ5 GCM D. Konsta, J.-L. Dufresne, H. Chepfer, A. Idelkadi, G.Cesana Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD/IPSL), Paris, France LMD/IPSL, UMR 8539, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Polytechnique 2 3 4 5 1 6 Abstract 7 The evaluation of key cloud properties such as cloud cover, vertical profile and optical depth as well as the analysis of their 8 intercorrelation lead to greater confidence in climate change projections. -
Quickbird (Digital Globe) Scene Over Purdue Campus, 0.6M
QuickBird (Digital Globe) scene over Purdue campus, 0.6m GSD EROS‐A (ImageSat Int’l) scene over Purdue campus, GSD 2m Example of radiometry outside design limits – specular reflections from car windshields cause saturation and corruption of surrounding pixel data. Quickbird scene over Indianapolis qb_eph_short.txt satId = "QB02"; revNumber = 6984; stripId = "018F24"; type = "R"; version = "A"; generationTime = 2003-01-16T19:58:19.000000Z; startTime = 2003-01-15T16:30:25.613302Z; numPoints = 1536; timeInterval = 0.020; ephemList = ( ( 1, 408384.8844293977000000, -5163749.7635908620000000, 4436609.3965829052000000, -1239.4888535016760000, -5028.7879607649920000, -5720.9589832489428000, 0.0047847180901878, 0.0001857647065552, -0.0004488663884886, 0.0104184982125138, 0.0034951595622186, 0.0033038605521562), ( 2, 408360.0945991199100000, -5163850.3368877340000000, 4436494.9775853315000000, -1239.5137702293241000, -5028.6552395191966000, -5721.0706890709816000, 0.0047847180901878, 0.0001857647065552, -0.0004488663884886, 0.0104184982125138, 0.0034951595622186, 0.0033038605521562), ( 3, 408335.3042634393800000, -5163950.9075712236000000, 4436380.5563067487000000, -1239.5386860655569000, -5028.5225194834038000, -5721.1823886786469000, 0.0047847180901878, 0.0001857647065552, -0.0004488663884886, 0.0104184982125138, 0.0034951595622186, 0.0033038605521562), ( 4, 408310.5134390606000000, -5164051.4755447917000000, 4436266.1328579923000000, -1239.5636011559900000, -5028.3897989066654000, -5721.2940835802046000, 0.0047847180901878, 0.0001857647065552, -
PARASOL/GRASP No Location Specific Assumptions!!! Bodélé Depression AOD(565 Nm) Scale Height (M) Sensitivity Test for Aerosol Vertical Information Retrieval
GRASP aerosol from POLDER, 3MI, etc. polarimeters: towards estimation PM2.5 Oleg Dubovik1, Anton Lopatin1, Pavel Litvinov2, Yevgeny Derimian1, Tatyana Lapyonok1, Anton Lopatin1, David Fuertes2, Fabrice Ducos1, Xin Huang1, Benjamin Torres2, Michael Aspsetsberger3 and Christian Federspiel3 1 - Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique, CNRS – Université Lille 1, France; 2 - GRASP-SAS, LOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France 3 - Catalysts GmbH, High Performance Computing, Linz, Austria AC-VC-13, Satellite aerosol for AQ, CNES, Paris, France, 29 June, 2017 Strength of GRASP algorithm concept: Based on accurate rigorous physics and math; Versatile (applicable to different sensors and retrieval of different parameters); Designed for multi-sensor retrieval (satellite, ground- based, airborne; polar and geostationary, ); Not-stagnant (different concept can be tested and compared within algorithm); Flexible: - generalizable (to IR, hypo spectral, to retrieval of gases and clouds, etc.); - or degradable (to less accurate but fast solution, LUT,…); Practical (rather fast and easy to use for given level fundamental complexity); Current and potential applications: Satellite instruments: polar: POLDER/PARASOL, 3MI/MetOp-SG, MERIS/Envisat, Sentinel-3 (OLCI, SLSTR), etc. geostationary: Sentinel-4, FCI, GOCO, Himawari-8, etc. Ground-based, airborne and laboratory instruments: passive: AERONET radiometers, sun/luna/star-photometers, etc. active: multi-wavelength elastic and non-elastic lidars; airborne and laboratory: polar nephelometers, Multi-instrument synergy: ground-based: lidar + radiometers + photometers , sun/luna/star-photometers, etc. satellite: OLCI + SLSTR, polarimeter + lidar (e.g. PARASOL + CALIPSO) Support: CNES (ТOSCA, RD), ANR (CaPPA), ESA (S-4, MERIS/S-3, GPGPU, CCI, CCI-2,CC+); EUMETSAT (3MI NRT), FP6-7 (ACTRIS 1-2), Catalysts GmbH, etc. -
Planet Definition
Marin Erceg dipl.oec. CEO ORCA TEHNOLOGIJE http://www.orca-technologies.com Zagreb, 2006. Editor : mr.sc. Tino Jelavi ć dipl.ing. aeronautike-pilot Text review : dr.sc. Zlatko Renduli ć dipl.ing. mr.sc. Tino Jelavi ć dipl.ing. aeronautike-pilot Danijel Vukovi ć dipl.ing. zrakoplovstva Translation review : Dana Vukovi ć, prof. engl. i hrv. jez. i knjiž. Graphic and html design : mr.sc. Tino Jelavi ć dipl.ing. Publisher : JET MANGA Ltd. for space transport and services http://www.yuairwar.com/erceg.asp ISBN : 953-99838-5-1 2 Contents Introduction Defining the problem Size factor Eccentricity issue Planemos and fusors Clear explanation of our Solar system Planet definition Free floating planets Conclusion References Curriculum Vitae 3 Introduction For several thousand years humans were aware of planets. While sitting by the fire, humans were observing the sky and the stars even since prehistory. They noticed that several sparks out of thousands of stars were oddly behaving, moving around the sky across irregular paths. They were named planets. Definition of the planet at that time was simple and it could have been expressed by following sentence: Sparkling dot in the sky whose relative position to the other stars is continuously changing following unpredictable paths. During millenniums and especially upon telescope discovery, human understanding of celestial bodies became deeper and deeper. This also meant that people understood better the space and our Solar system and in this period we have accepted the following definition of the planet: Round objects orbiting Sun. Following Ceres and Asteroid Belt discoveries this definition was not suitable any longer, and as a result it was modified. -
Principles of Active Remote Sensing: Radar. Radar Sensing of Clouds and Precipitation. Objectives: 1
Lecture 13. Principles of active remote sensing: Radar. Radar sensing of clouds and precipitation. Objectives: 1. Radar basics. Main types of radars. 2. Basic antenna parameters. 3. Particle backscattering and radar equation. 4. Sensing precipitation and clouds with ground-based and space-borne radars (weather radars, TRMM, and CloudSat). Required reading: S: 8.1, p.401-402, 5.7, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.2.3, 8.3 Additional/advanced reading: Tutorials on ground-based weather radars: http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/jetstream/doppler/doppler_intro.htm http://www.weathertap.com/guides/radar/weather-radar-tutorial.html Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) web site: http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/en/hatoyama/satellite/satdata/trmm_e.html Liu, Zhong, Dana Ostrenga, William Teng, Steven Kempler, 2012: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Data and Services for Research and Applications. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 1317–1325. CloudSat web site: http://cloudsat.atmos.colostate.edu/ CloudSat Data Center: http://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu/ 1 1. Radar basics. Main types of radars. Radar is an active remote sensing system operating at the microwave wavelength. Radar is a ranging instrument: (RAdio Detection And Ranging) Basic principles: The sensor transmits a microwave (radio) signal towards a target and detects the backscattered radiation. The strength of the backscattered signal is measured to discriminate between different targets and the time delay between the transmitted and reflected signals determines the distance (or range) to the target. Two primary advantages of radars: all-weather and day /night imaging Radar modes of operation: Constant wave (CW) mode: continuous beam of electromagnetic radiation is transmitted and received => provides information about the path integrated backscattering radiation Pulsed mode: transmits short pulses (typically 10-6-10-8 s) and measures backscattering radiation (also called echoes) as a function of range.