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The Prophet Muhammad Reincarnated and His Son, Jesus: Re-Centering Islam Among the Layenne of Senegal
Journal of Historical Geography 42 (2013) 24e35 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Historical Geography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhg The Prophet Muhammad reincarnated and his son, Jesus: re-centering Islam among the Layenne of Senegal John Glover Department of History, University of Redlands, 1200 East Colton Avenue, PO Box 3080, Redlands, CA 92373-0999, USA Abstract This article explores how the Layenne of Senegal have employed the historical geography of the Cap Vert peninsula as an archive to effectively re-center the Islamic world away from Arabia to the coast of West Africa. Annual pilgrimages to Layenne religious sites and shrines that serve as lieux de mémoire provide ‘foyers’ on which contemporary collective and individual identities are contemplated with regard to Layenne perceptions of the past. The Layenne historical imagination is tied to the geographic space that constitutes Cap Vert in a symbiotic relationship by which history gives meaning to place and vice versa. While the rituals practiced at the Layenne places of memory revolve around the hagiography of their founder, Seydina Limamou Laye, who claimed to be the Mahdi and the reincarnation of the Prophet Muhammad, the Layenne have also appropriated sites and symbols associated with French colonization and a post-colonial Senegal into a vibrant and fluid conception of modernity that is simultaneously indigenous and global. Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Islam; Senegal; Layenne; Cap Vert; French West Africa; Sites of memory In 1884, a Lebu fisherman on the Cap Vert peninsula in the French colonial officials, and he was briefly imprisoned by the French in 1887 colony of Senegal announced that he was the long-awaited Mahdi, or due to fears, later proven unfounded, that he was gathering arms for the renewer of Islam that would appear at the end of time, and also an anti-colonial jihad. -
Theosophy and the Origins of the Indian National Congress
THEOSOPHY AND THE ORIGINS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS By Mark Bevir Department of Political Science University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA [E-mail: [email protected]] ABSTRACT A study of the role of theosophy in the formation of the Indian National Congress enhances our understanding of the relationship between neo-Hinduism and political nationalism. Theosophy, and neo-Hinduism more generally, provided western-educated Hindus with a discourse within which to develop their political aspirations in a way that met western notions of legitimacy. It gave them confidence in themselves, experience of organisation, and clear intellectual commitments, and it brought them together with liberal Britons within an all-India framework. It provided the background against which A. O. Hume worked with younger nationalists to found the Congress. KEYWORDS: Blavatsky, Hinduism, A. O. Hume, India, nationalism, theosophy. 2 REFERENCES CITED Archives of the Theosophical Society, Theosophical Society, Adyar, Madras. Banerjea, Surendranath. 1925. A Nation in the Making: Being the Reminiscences of Fifty Years of Public Life . London: H. Milford. Bharati, A. 1970. "The Hindu Renaissance and Its Apologetic Patterns". In Journal of Asian Studies 29: 267-88. Blavatsky, H.P. 1888. The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion and Philosophy . 2 Vols. London: Theosophical Publishing House. ------ 1972. Isis Unveiled: A Master-Key to the Mysteries of Ancient and Modern Science and Theology . 2 Vols. Wheaton, Ill.: Theosophical Publishing House. ------ 1977. Collected Writings . 11 Vols. Ed. by Boris de Zirkoff. Wheaton, Ill.: Theosophical Publishing House. Campbell, B. 1980. Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement . Berkeley: University of California Press. -
THE ASCENDED MASTERS the Ascended Masters Are Perfect
THE ASCENDED MASTERS The Ascended Masters are perfect, fulfilled Beings, that work for our mental evolution and awakening. Being approached by Them is the purest and strongest bliss a person can get. In the small Ashram of Hilarion, in Kifissia (Athens, Greece), special healing techniques and activities that lead to our Awakening, are given through the 7 Ray Energymental Healing Seminars, in the form of Teachings grounded by the Ascended Masters. I will mention some impressions and facts from the 7 Ray Seminars. Master El Morya, although he may be regarded to be unreachable by some people, he has actually helped in the creation of this seminar. He has also helped the attendants evolve as far as it concerns protection and skills. He is the fastest and the most direct Ascended Master and makes you feel that you are continuously running to catch up with and conceive his Teaching. Only when you get rid of what slows down your evolution, he will let you relax! Master Lanto, unknown to many people, has really reversed many social standards through his Teaching and has caused inner conflict to many students who are not willing to receive his Teaching either because they are not ready, or because they are deeply constrained by certain social standards. These however, consist the most substantial Teaching generated by the 2nd Ray. Master Paul the Venetian always active and fast while transfering data, takes your voice if you need to stop talking for a while and he puts you in the trouble of changing the way you approach the basic sectors of your life. -
Th E O S O P H
JANUARY 1947 VOL. 68, No, 4 THE TH EOSOPH1ST Edited by C. JINARAJADASA CONTENTS PAGE The Presidential Address.C. JINARAJADASA . 213 Our Planetary Chain.A nnie B esant . 227 The Autobiography of A. P. Sinnett . 233 Ancient Ritual of the Magi in Iran.E rvad K. S. DABU . 240 The Teachings of Carpocrates. NG.evin D rinkwater . ,246 Day of Remembrance of Two World Wars . 249 Theosophy for the Artist.G eoffrey H odson . , 251 The Path of Holiness.M adeleine P ow ell . • 255 The Road to Utopia. U. KG.rishnamurti . • • 263 The Artist in us. Sidney A. Cook . 268 The Dance of Shiva.J ohn Moxford . 269' Reviews . 271 Supplement: Official Notice . 275 Theosophists at Work Around the World . 276 THE THEOSOPHICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE ADYAR, MADRAS 20, INDIA ' THE THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY T he THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY was formed at New York, November 17, 1875, and incorpo rated at Madras, April 3, 1905, It is an absolutely unsectarian body of seekers after Truth, striving to serve humanity on spiritual lines, and therefore endeavouring to check materialism and revive the religious tendency. Its three declared Objects are : FIRST.— T o form a nucleus of the Universal Brotherhood of Humanity, without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste or colour. SECOND.—T o encourage the study of Comparative Religion, Philosophy and Science. T hird.— T o investigate the unexplained laws of Nature and the powers latent in man. THE THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY is composed of students, belonging to any religion in the world or to none, who are united by their approval of the above objects, by their wish to remove religious antagonisms and to draw together men of goodwill whatsoever their religious opinions, and by their desire to study religious truths and to share the results of their studies with others. -
The Early Days of Theosophy in Europe by A.P
The Early Days of Theosophy in Europe by A.P. Sinnett The Early Days of Theosphy in Europe by A.P. Sinnett Theosophical Publishing House Ltd, London, 1922 NOTE [Page 5] Mr. Sinnett's literary Executor in arranging for the publication this volume is prompted to add a few words of explanation. There is naturally some diffidence experienced in placing before the public a posthumous MSS of personal reminiscences dealing in various instances with people still living. It would, however, be impossible to use the editorial blue pencil without destroying the historical value of the MSS. Mr. Sinnett's position and associations with the Theosophical Society together with his standing as an author in the Theosophical movement alike demand that his last writing should be published, and it is left to each reader to form his own judgment as to the value of the book in the light of his own study of the questions involved. Page 1 The Early Days of Theosophy in Europe by A.P. Sinnett CHAPTER - 1 - NO record could truly be called a History of the Theosophical Society if it concerned itself merely with events taking shape on the physical plane of life. From the first such events have been the result of activities on a higher plane; of steps taken by the unseen Powers presiding over human evolution, whose existence was unknown in the outer world when their great undertaking — the Theosophical Movement — was originally set on foot. To those known in the outer world as the Founders of the Theosophical Society — Madame Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott — the existence of these higher powers, The Brothers as they were called at first, was more or less imperfectly comprehended. -
Martin Luther—Translations of Two Prefaces on Islam
Word & World Volume XVI, Number 2 Spring 1996 Martin Luther—Translations of Two Prefaces on Islam: Preface to the Libellus de ritu et moribus Turcorum (1530), and Preface to Bibliander’s Edition of the Qur’an (1543) SARAH HENRICH and JAMES L. BOYCE Luther Seminary St. Paul, Minnesota I. INTRODUCTION:LUTHER ON “THE TURKS” N THE FIRST OF HIS WELL-KNOWN 95 THESES OF 1517, MARTIN LUTHER WROTE, I“When our Lord and Master, Jesus Christ, said ‘Repent,’ He called for the en- tire life of believers to be one of penitence.”1 Luther’s call for the centrality of re- pentance in the life of the Christian signals a key perspective in the theology of the reformer. To judge from his writings on the subject, that same key theological concern for Christian repentance shaped and characterized his attitude toward and understanding of the religion of Islam expressed throughout his career. For the encouragement of Christian repentance and prayer was Luther’s primary rationale for his actions to support and secure the publication of the 1543 edition 1Martin Luther: Selections From His Writings, ed. John Dillenberger (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961) 490. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from the German and Latin in this article are by the authors. Citations from the works of Martin Luther are: WA = German Weimar Edition of Luthers works; LW = American Edition of Luthers works. JAMES BOYCE and SARAH HENRICH are professors of New Testament. Professor Boyce, a former editor of Word & World, has had varied service in the church and maintains an interest in philology and archaeology. -
Finding-And-Following-Jesus-عليه-السلام-The-Muslim-Claim-To-The
f j ii d The Muslim Claim to the Messiah :ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم Finding and Following Jesus | 2 Author Biography Dr. Shabbir Akhtar is a philosopher trained at Cambridge University. He has published widely on pluralism and race relations in Britain and on Islam’s and Christianity’s differing responses to modern secularism. His books include The Light in the Enlightenment (1990) and Be Careful with Muhammad! (1989), a classic critique of Salman Rushdie, as well as The Quran and the Secular Mind (2007) and Islam as Political Religion (2010). He has also published three volumes of poetry in English. In 2018, he published the first of a three-volume commentary on the Greek New Testament: The New Testament in Muslim Eyes: Paul's Letter to the Galatians (Routledge). He is currently a member of the Faculty of Theology and Religions at Oxford University. Disclaimer: The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in these papers and articles are strictly those of the authors. Furthermore, Yaqeen does not endorse any of the personal views of the authors on any platform. Our team is diverse on all fronts, allowing for constant, enriching dialogue that helps us produce high-quality research. Copyright © 2018. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research The Muslim Claim to the Messiah :ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم Finding and Following Jesus | 3 and the House of Abraham Divided ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم I. Jesus Christians do not care much when Muslims tell them that the prophets of the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) are also prophets of Islam. They care a great deal when ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم they find out that Jesus , their special savior, is a revered prophet in the Qur’an. -
If You Read This Book
If You Read This Book ... by Andres Prins The rumbling sound got progressively louder as we neared the two-story cement blockhouse in the diminishing light of evening. I had just finished several hours of teaching Spanish to highly motivated young adults from a mixed Berber and Arabic town of some 20,000 souls in eastern Morocco. It was the turn this week of Mohamed, the director of the cooperative where I taught, to have me spend the night at his home before I taught another set of classes the following day prior to the hour-and-a-half drive home to my wife and daughter. As we entered the house it became obvious that the noise was coming from one of the upstairs rooms. Mohamed explained that he lived with his two married brothers, who had married two sis- ters whose mother had died some years ago, and that tonight they were observing a tolba ceremony of Qur’an recitation with a number of neighbors. I mounted the stairs, following my host, toward the sound of the voices and came upon a dimly lit living-room with nearly twenty middle-aged men in their caped djilabas chanting along with four leaders who, I was told, were local faqihs who had memorized the Qur’an in its entirety. My heart sank. When would I be able to get some rest after a long day of teaching? Was this going to be another lost opportunity for personal sharing and conversation? Benefitting from a brief lull in the recitation, Mohamed launched into a flowery introduction of me as a member of the NGO responsible for many development projects these men would have heard about. -
Painting the Masters. the Mystery of Hermann Schmiechen
Painting the Masters The Mystery of Hermann Schmiechen Massimo Introvigne (UPS, Torino, Italy) Besançon’s Forbidden Image One of the first books where sociology of religion met history of art was L’image interdite. Une histoire intellectuelle de l’iconoclasme, published by French social historian Alain Besançon in 1994 Iconoclasm vs Iconodulism The controversial book argued that Western art history is defined by opposition between iconoclasm (i.e the idea that the sacred should not be represented visually) and iconodulism (i.e support for sacred images) Although the terminology dates back to the Byzantine iconoclastic riots of the 8th century (right), modern Western iconoclasm originated with John Calvin (1509-1564) and became culturally dominant after the Enlightenment Iconoclasm: not against art, but against an art representing God or divine spirits Besançon’s definition of iconoclasm is not identical with some dictionary definitions of the same word. For him, iconoclasm is not against art and may even promote it. It only excludes from the field of art the representation of God and divine spirits or beings Image of Byzantine Emperor Leo III (685-741) on a coin: Leo, a leading iconoclast, was obviously not against representing himself Abstract Art as Iconoclasm Besançon* also argued that: 1. Iconoclasm is a distinctive trait of modernity, and abstract art is its most mature fruit 2. Symbolism, at first sight anti-iconoclastic, by substituting the Christian foundations of sacred art with a very different esoteric spirituality, in fact prepared the way for abstract iconoclasm 3. Several abstract painters, including Piet Mondrian (1872- 1944) passed at one stage through symbolism (Evolution, 1910-1911, left) * … with whom I do not necessarily agree Besançon and Theosophy Besançon claimed to be among the first social historians to devote serious attentions to Madame Blavatsky (1831-1891) and other Theosophical classics. -
Primary Instruction 12 Sanat Kumara
PRIMARY INSTRUCTION 1 2 ANAT KUMARA - THE SAVIOR OF OUR EARTH PRIMARY INSTRUCTION LESSON NO. 12 SANAT KOMARA THE SAVIOR OF OUR EARTH A BRIDGE TO SPIRITUAL FREEDOM TEACHINGS PUBLICATION CONTENTS PARTI How Venus has helped the Earth 1 Dissolution once threatened the Earth . 2 Discourse by Beloved Sanat Kumara . 3 The Thirty Who came from Venus 6 The Building of Sharnballa . 8 The Coming of Sanat Kumara . 10 PART II The Great White Brotherhood . 13 The Release of Sanat Kumara . 17 An Address by Beloved El Morya . 17 Copyright © 1990 Sanat Kumara's Return to Venus 20 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED An Address by Lord Michael, the Archangel . 20 An Address by Beloved Sanat Kumara . 23 Offices of the Spiritual Hierarchy. 25 An Address by Beloved Lord Gautama . 27 PART Ill The Activity of the Holy Christ Self. 28 Published by An Address by Beloved Holy lEolus . 29 Shamballa: Home of the Spiritual Hierarchy . 31 THE BRIDGE TO SPIRITUAL FREEDOM An Address by the Ascended Master Kuthumi . 32 PO Box 753, Payson, AZ 85547 PARTIV USA Outline for the Director to use in Class . 36 1 2 PRIMARY INSTRUCTION Heart Flame to assist It in expanding into greater Light. Thus are they the forerunners of that type of civilization LESSON NO. 12 which the Earth shall one day manifest! PART I The radiation of the planet Venus is a constant out• pouring of Love and Beauty. The planet's present service, HOW VENUS HAS HELPED THE PLANET EARTH through its people, is to help the Earth in changing its radiation from a cry of pain to a harmonious and peace• On the planet Venus, which belongs to the same Uni• ful Song of Praise. -
Theosophically Inspired Movements in Denmark 587
Theosophically Inspired Movements in Denmark 587 Chapter 71 Theosophically Inspired Movements in Denmark René Dybdal Introduction In Denmark, like in many other countries in the West and elsewhere, modern Theosophy, as introduced by H.P. Blavatsky and H.S. Olcott in 1875, has played a key role as a source of inspiration to many religious groups. Although the Theosophical Society Adyar (here abbreviated TS) has left its mark on numer- ous contemporary new religious movements, globally and locally, the following presentation will focus solely on groups that historically descend from or doctrinally have their primary inspiration from this modern Theosophical tradi tion. It will be subdivided into two parts: (a) Groups formed in Denmark and (b) Groups imported to Denmark, i.e., international groups inspired by Theosophy that are or have been present in Denmark. A variety of new groups emerged in the wake of the transformation that the Danish section of TS underwent during the 1970s (as described in the chapter in the present volume on Theosophy in Denmark). Some of these groups, e.g., the Anthroposophical Society and Martinus Cosmology, have experienced a significant expansion over the years and are covered in separate chapters in the present volume. Consequently, they will only be mentioned briefly here. Groups Formed in Denmark Shan the Rising Light Up to the 1970s, the Theosophical current in Denmark was primarily repre- sented by the Danish section of the TS. The period was characterised by an urge to transform or even revolutionise both the organisation and the practice of this section, and several new initiatives were taken. -
Morya, One of the "Masters of the Ancient Wisdom" Spoken of in Modern Theosophy and in the Ascended Master Teachings I
Morya, one of the "Masters of the Ancient Wisdom" spoken of in modern Theosophy and in the Ascended Master Teachings is considered one of the "Ascended Masters." He is also known as the "Chohan of the First Ray". Morya first became known to the modern world when H. P. Blavatsky declared that he and Kkuthumi were her guides in establishing the Theosophical Society. Seven Rays Blavatsky wrote that Masters Morya and Koot Hoomi belonged to a group of highly developed humans known as the Great White Brotherhood. Although Master Morya's personality has been depicted in some detail by various theosophical authors, critics point out that there is little evidence that Blavatsky's Masters, including Morya, ever existed. There being a dearth of material evidence to prove anything with certainty, this article focuses on presenting the narratives about Morya given by various believers in his existence, beginning from the time of his alleged contacts with 19th-century theosophists. Morya Khan is known in many New Age religions as the Ascended Master of the Blue Ray or First Ray. He is well known as the 'Master M' who worked with the Kuthumi in the late nineteenth century to establish the Theosophical Society and to spread the knowledge of higher truths to a wider circle among mankind. After his alleged ascension in the late 1800s, he continued working for this same purpose. He is believed to have ascended in 1898. http://www.crystalinks.com/morya.html אל מוריה الموريا Ελ Μόρυα 天使のエル·モリヤ http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/chain_of_flowers723/56856858.html Morya (Theosophy) For other uses, see Morya.