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Depth of Anterior Chamber After Cataract Extraction M Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.62.7.474 on 1 July 1978. Downloaded from British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1978, 62, 474-477 Depth of anterior chamber after cataract extraction M. S. NORN From the Department of Ophthalmology, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark SUMMARY A total of 80 patients with senile cataract had the anterior eye chamber depth measured optically by means of Haag-Streit's attachment LI. The distance to the lower pupillary border was 2 59 ±0 05 mm (mean i SEM) preoperatively. It increased gradually after cataract extraction to 3.33 ±0 04 mm, measured 4 months after the operation. The increase of depth was the greatest in patients with a flat chamber and in elderly patients. The central chamber depth decreased gradually after the operation (from 2*82 ±0-05 mm preoperatively to 1 95 i0-13 mm 4 months postoperatively). The number of vitreous prolapse cases rose from 68 to 87-5 % in 4 months. These altered chamber depths were observed to bear no relatioii to postoperative corneal oedema (neither ofparenchyma nor ofepithelium), intraocular pressure, or bleeding into the chamber. The depth of the anterior eye chamber generally it preoperatively and postoperatively, partly to the means the distance centrally from the posterior lower pupillary border and partly to the most copyright. surface of the cornea to the anterior surface of the prominent part of the vitreous in the pupil. This lens. Cataract extraction leaves a gap which is filled procedure allowed us to follow the possible develop- by aqueous humour and vitreous. ment of a vitreous prolapse and change of the site Troutman (1963) measured 99 eyes 3 weeks after of the iris diaphragm. Further, it served to assess cataract extraction, from the anterior corneal this development in relation to other parameters, for surface to the pupillary border. The mean distance example, complications of operation, corneal was 4-01 mm, suggesting an increased chamber thickness, intraocular pressure. http://bjo.bmj.com/ depth. The depth was not measured preoperatively, however. Landegger and Roth (1968) measured 58 Patients aphakic eyes with a Zeiss optical micrometer. They measured at intervals the distance from the posterior The series under review comprised all the patients corneal surface to the lower pupillary border and admitted consecutively to be operated on for senile noticed stabilisation of the individual value 4 to 6 cataract in June and August 1976, a total of 86. months postoperatively. The mean value for The patients were examined on the day of admission, on September 27, 2021 by guest. Protected aphakic eyes was 3-8+0-27 mm (±SD), against and on the third to sixth postoperative days. Finally, 2-7±04 mm for 115 non-operated eyes of another they were summoned for follow-up examinations series. Ohashi et al. (1969) measured 55 eyes before 2 and 4 months after operation. One or both follow- and 3 weeks after cataract extraction. The chamber up examinations failed to be carried out in 6 cases depth was 2-775 mm before the operation and owing to general diseases (2 patients admitted to increased to 2-832 mm after. The chamber tended other hospitals, 1 suffering from lumbago) or non- to be deeper in cases complicated by rupture of the appearance for other reasons. The cataract extrac- capsule. tions of these patients having run uncomplicated Haag-Streit's attachment II to the slit lamp is an courses, they were excluded from the investigation. exact and simple apparatus for measuring the The series thereafter comprised 80 eyes of 80 chamber depth (cf. Weekers and Grieten, 1961; patients. The age distribution is shown in Table 2. Lowe, 1966; Alsbirk, 1974; Delmarcelle et al., 1976). The object of the present study has been to monitor PROCEDURE the chamber depth of cataractous eyes by measuring The cataract extraction was performed by cryo- Address for reprints: Professor M. S. Norn, MD, Depart- extraction with attendant iridotomy and with ment of Ophthalmology, Kommunehospitalet, DK-1399 limbus-based conjunctival flap, 2 preplaced and as a Copenhagen K, Denmark rule 3 postplaced knotted collagen sutures. Alpha- 474 Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.62.7.474 on 1 July 1978. Downloaded from Depth ofanterior chamber after cataract extraction 475 chymotrypsin was used for patients aged under 60. On follow-up 2 months after the operation an The operations were carried out by the various additional significant reduction of the chamber ophthalmologists attached to the department depth was noticed. A further reduction 4 months (permanent staff and residents). postoperatively was not significant. The chamber depth was measured with Haag- Thus a progressive vitreous prolapse was observed. Streit's attachment II from the posterior corneal It was more pronounced after the patient's discharge surface without correction for corneal radius. than during his stay in hospital. The prolapse seemed Duplicate determinations were performed, the in the main to have reached its climax and become average value being used. The depth was measured stabilised 2 months after the operation. centrally, to the anterior lens surface preoperatively and to the most prominent part of the hyaloid membrane in the pupillary region postoperatively (vitreous chamber depth, abbreviated to VCD). The chamber depth was also measured from the posterior corneal surface to the visible posterior edge of the pupil at 6 o'clock (iris chamber depth, abbreviated to ICD). The ICD was measured with dilated pupil im- L mediately after the operation according to the usual 2.8L~~~~~~~~~~~I.5 cataract regimen of the department (scopolamine 1) [hyoscine] eye drops, 2%, once daily), untreated preoperatively, and on the last follow-up examina- t 2.591&L ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ tion. The corneal thickness was measured with Haag-Streit's attachment I. All examinations were I carried out by the author. 2.4~5 copyright. Statistical calculations were performed with -yvj] Student's t test. The following fractions were calculated: VCD1/VCD4, which means the ratio between the central chamber depth preoperatively \ ~2.6 (from posterior corneal surface to anterior lens 2) surface) and that on the last follow-up examination (from posterior corneal surface to anterior vitreous http://bjo.bmj.com/ body surface). A high value of the ratio indicates 4 extensive vitreous prolapse. ICD4/ICD1 is the ratio F, between the iris chamber depth on the last follow-up h'P? examination and preoperatively. A high value indicates postoperative deepening of the chamber, i.e., recession of the iris, at least close to the pupil. 3Z3 Results 3 on September 27, 2021 by guest. Protected The investigation gave results confirming the view that the central iris chamber depth gradually increases after cataract extraction. At the same time the central vitreous chamber depth was seen to decrease more and more. In other words, the vitreous prolapse increases gradually. CENTRAL VITREOUS CHAMBER DEPTH (VCD) The preoperative VCD value was 2-82+0-05 mm (Table 1). This is in agreement with that of other, normal, series (Alsbirk, 1974; Ohashi et al., 1969). Fig. 1 Chamber depth before and after cataract The vitreous chamber was significantly less deep extraction, average of80 subjects. The figures indicate 3 to 6 days after the operation (P<0 001). In most vitreous and iris chamber depths respectively. cases the space of the lens was filled by a forward (1) preoperatively, (2) third to sixth day, (3) 2 months prolapsing vitreous (Fig. 1). and (4) 4 months after operation. V-vitreous, L-lens Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.62.7.474 on 1 July 1978. Downloaded from 476 M. S. Norn Table 1 Mean chamber depth before and after cataract compared with the value 2 months after operation. extraction (in mm + SEM and coefficient of variation The observations go to show that the part of in percent) the iris diaphragm close to the pupil gradually P P recedes after the operation, and that this recession VCD, 2 82±0t05 (1-72) ICD, 2 59±0t05 (2-13) continues during the first 2 months or so. The < 0-001 NS deepening possibily includes the whole iris. VCD, 2 45±0 11 (3 56) ICD, 2-61±0-07 (2 35) This deepening might be thought to be due to <0-05 <0 001 VCD, 2-04±0-14 (3 43) ICD, 3-23±0-04 (2-10) oozing of vitreous through the pupil, causing NS NS vitreous material from the region behind the iris VCD4 1*95±0-13 (4 39) ICD4 3-33±0 04 (1-84) diaphragm to form a vitreous prolapse in the VCD indicates distance from posterior corneal surface to anterior anterior chamber. However, no simple correlation lens surface with respect to HM ICD is distance from posterior corneal surface to pupil at six o'clock was found between increasing vitreous prolapse and 1: preoperatively, 2: third to sixth postoperative days, 3: 2 months, deepening of the iris chamber. and 4: 4 months after operation. A total of 80 eyes Table 2 shows that after cataract extraction the depth of the iris chamber increased with rising age This vitreous prolapse might be due to ruptures (in 57 aged over 70 ICD4/ICD1 was 1 33±0-032 mm of the hyaloid membrane (HM). Jaffe (1969) against only 1-21±0-051 in 23 younger, t = 2-00, showed that most ruptures of the HM occur 14 to 28 P<005). days after operation. In the series under review the Table 3 shows how the iris chamber depth in- postoperative examinations revealed an increasing creased the most in the patients with the narrowest number of ruptures. The first postoperative exam- chamber preoperatively, i.e., in the patients with ination showed holes in 60 %.
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