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Partnership for the Americas P "This thoughtful book should be required reading for those who recognize that the security of the United States, and indeed our ARTNERSHI destiny, are inextricably intertwined with those of our neighbors to the south." PartnershiP —General Charles E. Wilhelm, United States Marine Corps (Ret.) for the “This outstanding and deeply revealing work compels us to rethink U.S. policy toward Latin America and the Caribbean. Admiral James G. Stavridis calls for nothing less than a shift in perspective on the part of U.S. policymakers. [The book] should be required •americas• reading for all students of U.S.-Latin America relations and for anyone interested in the security of the Western Hemisphere.” W es t ern H em i sphere S t ra t egy P and U . S . S ou t hern C ommand —Rebecca Bill Chavez, Associate Professor of Political Science, U.S. Naval Academy, and former Principal Strategic Advisor, FOR Office of the Secretary of Defense, Western Hemisphere Affairs THE “ . an incredibly accessible, insightful, and thought-provoking book about our shared home of the Americas. Stavridis succinctly examines AMERICAS some of the greatest challenges in the region today including trafficking, human rights, and interagency coordination. He provides constructive ideas on addressing the complex issues, many taken from lessons learned during his time at SOUTHCOM. a must read for all Americans, but especially U.S. policymakers.” —Kyle Longley, Arizona State University, author of In the Eagle’s Shadow: The United States and Latin America “This original and relevant work makes an eloquent case for an enlightened U.S. policy toward Latin America on the basis of U.S. interests. [Stavridis] places this policy in the context of American naval and military strategy and planning, as well as with a historical perspective. He includes a sufficient number of personal experiences that allow the reader to understand the particular vantage point that S t Stavridis brings to this book.” A v —Jorge G. Castañeda, Global Distinguished Professor R of Politics and Latin American and Caribbean Studies, i D New York University, and former Foreign Minister of Mexico i S J ames G . S t A v R i D i S Cover photo: The hospital ship USNS Comfort (U.S. Air Force photo, Technical Sergeant Dennis J. Henry, Jr.) Partnership for the Americas Partnership for the Americas Western Hemisphere Strategy and U.S. Southern Command James G. Stavridis National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. 2010 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Portions of this book may be quoted or reprinted without permission, provided that a standard source credit line is included. NDU Press would appreciate a courtesy copy of reprints or reviews. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stavridis, James. Partnership for the Americas : Western Hemisphere strategy and U.S. Southern Command / by James Stavridis. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Security, International--Latin America. 2. Security, International--Caribbean Area. 3. Strategic planning--Latin America. 4. Strategic planning--Caribbean Area. 5. United States. Southern Command. I. Title. JZ6009.L29S73 2010 355’.031097--dc22 2010019557 First printing, November 2010 NDU Press publications are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Office. For ordering informa- tion, call (202) 512-1800 or write to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, DC 20402. For the U.S. Government On-Line Bookstore, go to: http://bookstore.gpo.gov/ For current publications of the Institute for National Strategic Studies, please go to the National Defense University Web site at: http://www.ndu.edu/inss To Simón Bolívar and the people he inspired and liberated throughout the Americas Contents Foreword . xi Preface . xiii Introduction . xvii Chapter 1 We’re All in This Together. 1 Chapter 2 Have a Plan . 23 Chapter 3 Pulling the Oar Together . 49 Chapter 4 Trafficking. 73 Chapter 5 People First, Human Rights Always. 103 Chapter 6 Health Engagement and Humanitarianism. 135 vii Chapter 7 Innovation. 171 Chapter 8 Youth Matters . 205 Chapter 9 Looking to the Future. 229 About the Author . 263 Figures 1–1. Shared Home of the Americas. 4 2–1. Strategic Planning Process Model . 41 2–2. U.S. Southern Command Strategy Methodology. 42 2–3. Strategy Goal Linkages to the Theater Campaign Plan and the Enterprise Campaign Plan. 43 7–1. USSOUTHCOM Innovation Process. 191 Photos Admiral Stavridis with American hostages rescued by Colombian military. 17 Ambulance donated by private enterprise is delivered to Argentina. 50 viii Haitians and U.S. Sailors offload relief supplies. 61 Mexican ship ARM Mina sails in formation with other participants in exercise UNITAS Gold (2009). 83 USNS Hunter fires drone missile during exercise UNITAS Gold (2009). 83 Experimental vessel Stiletto during training exercise. 88 A self-propelled semi-submersible (SPSS) vessel used by drug traffickers . 94 USNS Comfort. 150 Medical professionals treat young boy for corrective lenses on board USNS Comfort. 150 U.S. Engineer, Medical, and Combat Service Support units participate in New Horizons Guatemala, a joint and combined humanitarian assistance exercise. 153 SOUTHCOM baseball players with Panamanian little leaguers. 218 Rear Admiral Joseph D. Kernan, USN, first commander of reestablished U.S. Fourth Fleet. 257 ix Foreword ince its creation in 1963, United States Southern Command has been led by 30 senior officers representing all four of the armed forces. SNone has undertaken his leadership responsibilities with the cultural sensitivity and creativity demonstrated by Admiral Jim Stavridis during his tenure in command. Breaking with tradition, Admiral Stavridis discarded the customary military model as he organized the Southern Command Headquarters. In its place he created an organization designed not to subdue adversar- ies, but instead to build durable and enduring partnerships with friends. His observation that it is the business of Southern Command to launch “ideas not missiles” into the command’s area of responsibility gained strategic resonance throughout the Caribbean and Central and South America, and at the highest levels in Washington, DC. Pursuing his vision for the Americas with limited resources, Admiral Stavridis made the most of every ship, airplane, Soldier, Sailor, Airman, Marine, and Coastguardsman committed to the region, employing each on constructive missions designed to create goodwill and mutual respect. Perhaps Jim Stavridis’ most enduring contribution to Southern Command is the newly constructed headquarters complex in Miami. The new building, which finally creates a permanent lodgment for the command in the city that the Admiral correctly describes as the “Gate- way to the Americas,” is a testimonial to his persistence, persuasiveness, and credibility within the Department of Defense and the U. S. Con- gress. More than a building, the new headquarters is tacit recognition of the importance of the command and acknowledgment that Miami is the single right location for the institution that, as much or more than any other, expresses our commitment to peace and stability in this hemisphere. Admirals and Generals leave their marks on the organizations they command in different ways. Some solve the problems of the day; others set courses that will influence events and relationships for decades. Clearly, Admiral Stavridis is in the latter category. He has set wheels in motion that will transform our American culture to a culture of the Americas. xi xii PARTNERSHIP FOR THE AMERICAS This thoughtful book should be required reading for those who rec- ognize that the security of the United States, and indeed our destiny, are inextricably intertwined with those of our neighbors to the south. General Charles E. Wilhelm United States Marine Corps (Retired) Preface onsider the Americas of the 15th century: one vast stretch of rela- tively undeveloped land; lightly populated by indigenous peoples Cin varied and thriving societies, all blissfully unaware of the pend- ing arrival of the conquistadores. From what is today Ellesmere Island in remote northern Canada to the tip of Tierra del Fuego in the far south, natural resources—water, timber, arable land, a wide variety of minerals— were plentiful and available. Spring forward to the 21st century—half a millennium later. Five- hundred years of developing those resources have left us with a legacy of prosperity and progress beyond anything the conquistadores imagined. But was that progress evenly distributed? One would think so. Given the relatively even distribution of resources, it would be reasonable to expect there to be some rough similarity in how the stories turned out across the Americas, at least in terms of wealth, education, and development. And yet, in the north—the United States and Canada—some 400 million people live at a standard of economic development that many in the south—from Mexico through Central America, the Caribbean, and much of South America—can only dream of. In some cases, even the dreams may seem out of reach to the nearly one-third of the population who live on less than 2 dollars a day. In a part of the world blessed with extraordinary natural wealth and highly advantageous geographic loca- tion, such poverty are tragedy of the highest order. This division of wealth and the inequities it represents are fundamental and challenging aspects of relations between the United States and its neighbors to the south. In addressing Latin American diplomats and members of our Con- gress at a White House reception nearly fifty years ago, President John F. Kennedy said: “This new world of ours is not merely an accident of geog- raphy. Our continents are bound together by a common history . our nations are the product of a common struggle .
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