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ANTH 153: Origins Fall 2013

Monday Wednesday Friday 1:40-2:40 PM Asbury Hall 318

Dr. Lydia Wilson Marshall Office: Asbury Hall 223 Email: [email protected] Phone: (765) 658-4508 Office Hours: 3-4 PM Monday and Wednesday and by appointment.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

An introduction to physical anthropology and archaeology, showing how biology and culture enable humankind to survive in many different environments. Topics discussed include behavior, fossil , tools and society, and the relationships between biology and human behavior. May not be taken pass/fail.

REQUIRED MATERIALS

Charlesworth, Brian and Deborah Charlesworth 2003 : A Very Short Introduction. London: Oxford University Press.

Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 The Complete World of . 2nd Edition. London: Thames and Hudson.

All other assigned readings will be posted in pdf form in Moodle or placed on reserve in the library.

SUMMARY OF ASSIGNMENT DUE DATES, QUIZZES, AND TESTS

8/30: Reflections 1 and 2 due 9/9: Reflection 3 due 9/16: Talking Points 1 due 9/25: Exam 1 2

10/2: Paper 1 due 10/9: Talking Points 2 due 10/18: Bibliographic Exercise due 11/8: Talking Points 3 due 11/11: Exam 2 11/18: Paper 2 due 12/2: Talking Points 4 due 12/4: Reflection 4 due 12/13: Paper 3 due 12/19: Final Exam, 8:30-11:30 AM

CLASS SCHEDULE AND READINGS

Wednesday, 8/28: What Makes Us Human?

Friday, 8/30: What is Science? What is Anthropology? Tattersall, Ian 2002 What’s So Special about Science? In The Monkey in the Mirror: Essays on the Science of What Makes Us Human. Pp. 1-28. New York: Harcourt. Due: Reflections 1 and 2

THEME 1: HOW EVOLUTION WORKS

Monday, 9/2: Introducing Darwin and Evolution Charlesworth, Brian and Deborah Charlesworth 2003 The Processes of Evolution. In Evolution: A Very Short Introduction. Pp. 4-10. London: Oxford University Press. Stix, Gary 2009 Darwin’s Living Legacy. Scientific American 300(1):38-43.

Wednesday, 9/4: Micro- and Macro-Processes of Evolution Charlesworth, Brian and Deborah Charlesworth 2003 Adaptation and Natural Selection. In Evolution: A Very Short Introduction. Pp. 60-89. London: Oxford University Press.

Wednesday, 9/4 – Last Day of Course Adjustment Period

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Friday, 9/6: Evolution in Action Charlesworth, Brian and Deborah Charlesworth 2003 The Formation and Divergence of Species. In Evolution: A Very Short Introduction. Pp. 90-109. London: Oxford University Press. Weiner, Jonathan 2005 Evolution in Action. Natural History 114(9):47-51.

THEME 2: OUR CLOSEST LIVING RELATIVES

Monday, 9/9: What are ? What are Apes? Larsen, Clark Spencer 2008 Biology in the Present: Other Living Primates (excerpt). In Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology. Pp. 153-170. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 Living Apes and Their Environment and What Makes an Ape. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 16-19 and 88-89. London: Thames and Hudson. Due: Reflection 3

Wednesday, 9/11: Understanding Primate Taxonomy Falk, Dean 2000 Introduction. In Primate Diversity. Pp. 1-12. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. GO TO PRIMATE INFO NET: http://pin.primate.wisc.edu Find the Primate Factsheets page (click on the button on the left). Print out and read the fact sheets for the following species: Galago sp. (lesser bushbaby) Lemur catta (ring-tailed lemur) Cebus paella (tufted capuchin) Papio cynocephalus (yellow baboon) Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque) Pongo sp. () Gorilla sp. (gorilla) Pan paniscus (bonobo chimpanzee) Pan troglodytes (common chimpanzee)

Come to class prepared to discuss the following four primate groups: (1) prosimians (including bushbabies and lemurs), (2) New World monkeys (including capuchins), (3) Old World monkeys (including baboons and Rhesus macaques), and (4) apes (including orangutans, gorillas, bonobos, and chimpanzees).

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Friday, 9/13: Are Humans Most Closely Related to Chimpanzees, Bonobos, or Gorillas? Gibbs, Richard A. and Jeffrey Rogers 2012 Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla. Nature 483 (8 March):164-165. Lewin, Roger 2004 Ape and Human Relations: Morphological and Molecular Views. In Human Evolution: An Illustrated Introduction. Pp. 95-102. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Monday, 9/16: Do Chimpanzees Have Culture? (Debate 1) Galef, Bennet G. 2009 Culture in Animals? (excerpt). In The Question of Animal Culture. Kevin N. Laland and Bennet G. Galef, eds. Pp. 234-243. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Whiten, Andrew and Christophe Boesch 2001 The Cultures of Chimpanzees. Scientific American 284(1):48-55. In-Class Film: Jane Goodall’s Wild Chimpanzees (excerpt) Due: Talking Points 1

Wednesday, 9/18: Are Chimpanzees Aware of Others’ Intentions and Beliefs? Call, Josep and 2008 Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind?: 30 Years Later. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 12(5):187-192.

Friday, 9/20: Are Non-Human Primates Self-Aware? Cheney, Dorothy L. and Robert M. Seyfarth 2007 Self-Awareness and Consciousness. In Baboon Metaphysics: The Evolution of a Social Mind. Pp. 199-216. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Monday, 9/23: Do Non-Human Primates Have ? Chambers, Sarah 2010 Who Are You Calling a Dumb Animal? Daily Mail, August 12: 18-19. Tomasello, Michael and Klaus Zuberbuhler 2002 Primate Vocal and Gestural Communication. In The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition. Gordon M. Burghardt, Colin Allen and Marc Bekoff, eds. Pp. 293-299. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. In-Class Film: Project Nim (excerpt)

Wednesday, 9/25: Exam 1

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THEME 3: HUMAN ORIGINS

Friday, 9/27: Geological Time and Fossil Preservation Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 , The Geological Time Scale, Dating the Past, Excavation and Analytical Techniques, New Techniques for Studying Fossils and Taphonomy: How Fossils Are Preserved. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 24-33 and 38- 49. London: Thames and Hudson.

Monday, 9/30: A Family Bush? Identifying Early Human Ancestors Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 Late Miocene Apes and Early Human Ancestors. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 110-123. London: Thames and Hudson. Tattersall, Ian 2012 Ancient Origins (excerpt). In Masters of the Planet: The Search for Our Human Origins. Pp. 1-14. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Wednesday, 10/2: Later Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 africanus and Robust Australopithecines In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 124-129. London: Thames and Hudson. Larsen, Clark Spencer 2008 The Australopithecines. In Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology. Pp. 286-300. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Due: Paper 1

Friday, 10/4: Why Is Important? Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 Evolution of Locomotion in Apes and Humans In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 184-189. London: Thames and Hudson. Stanford, Craig 2003 Heaven’s Gait? In Upright: The Evolutionary Key to Becoming Human. Pp. 38- 60. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.

Monday, 10/7: Why Did Our Ancestors Become Bipedal? O’Higgins, Paul and Sarah Elton 2007 Walking on Trees. Science 316(1):1292-1294. Stanford, Craig 2003 What Do You Stand For? In Upright: The Evolutionary Key to Becoming Human. 104-121. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 6

Wednesday, 10/9: Did Hunting Make Us Human? (Debate 2) Hart, Donna and Robert W. Sussman 2005 Gentle Savage or Bloodthirsty Brute? In Man the Hunted: Primates, Predators, and Human Evolution. Pp.191-217. New York: Westview Press. Washburn, Sherwood L. and C.S. Lancaster 1969 The Evolution of Hunting (excerpt). In Man the Hunter. Richard B. Lee and Irven DeVore, eds. Pp. 293-296. New York: Aldine Publishing Company. Due: Talking Points 2

Friday, 10/11: Why was Meat Important in Human Evolution? Stanford, Craig 2001 The Ape’s Gift: Meat-Eating, Meat-Sharing, and Human Evolution. In Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us about Human Social Evolution. Frans B.M. de Waal, ed. Pp. 95-117. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Monday, 10/14: Hunter or Hunted? Hart, Donna and Robert W. Sussman 2005 We Weren’t Just Waiting Around to Be Eaten! In Man the Hunted: Primates, Predators, and Human Evolution. Pp.161-190. New York: Westview Press.

THEME 4: OUR GENUS EMERGES, OUR SPECIES EMERGES

Wednesday 10/16: Origins of the Genus Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 The Origins of Humans and Early Homo. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 130-135. London: Thames and Hudson. Larsen, Clark Spencer 2008 : The First Species of the Genus Homo. In Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology. Pp. 306-309. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Lewin, Roger 2004 Early Tool Technologies. In Human Evolution: An Illustrated Introduction. 5th edition. Pp.151-156. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Friday, 10/18: : Out of Africa I Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 Homo erectus. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 136-139. London: Thames and Hudson.

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Larsen, Clark Spencer 2008 Homo erectus: Early Homo Goes Global. In Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology. Pp. 309-328. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Due: Bibliographic Exercise

Monday, 10/21 – Friday, 10/25: FALL BREAK (NO CLASS)

Monday, 10/28: Homo erectus: Fire and New Stone Technologies Lewin, Roger 2004 New Technologies. In Human Evolution: An Illustrated Introduction. 5th edition. Pp.166-169. Malden, MA: Blackwell. McCrone, John 2000 Fired Up. New Scientist 166(2239, May 20):30-34. Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 Tools and Human Behavior: The Earliest Evidence. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 208-209. London: Thames and Hudson.

Wednesday, 10/30: Origin of Anatomically Modern Humans: The Out of Africa II Model Balter, Michael 2001 Anthropologists Duel over Modern Human Origins. Science 291(5509):1728- 1729. Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 Models of and Africa—Homeland of Homo sapiens? In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 140-143, 158-161. London: Thames and Hudson. Tierney, John, Lynda Wright, and Karen Springen 1988 The Search for Adam and Eve. Newsweek (January 11): 46-52.

Friday 11/1: Origin of Anatomically Modern Humans: The Multiregional Model Thorne, Alan G. and Milford H. Wolpoff 2003 The Multiregional Evolution of Humans. Scientific American Special Edition 13(2):46-53. Wolpoff, Milford H., Alan G. Thorne, and Roger Lawn 1991 The Case against Eve. New Scientist 130(1774):37-41.

Friday, 11/1 - Last Day to Withdraw from Classes with Grade “W”

Monday, 11/4: Origin of Anatomically Modern Humans: Evolving Views Gibbons, Ann 2011 A New View on the Birth of Homo sapiens. Science 331(6016):392-394.

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Stringer, Christopher 2012 Evolution: What Makes a Modern Human. Nature 485(7396):33-35. Young, Ed 2011 Our Hybrid Origins. New Scientist 211(2823):34-38.

Wednesday 11/6: Introducing Neandertals John Speth 2004 News Flash: Negative Evidence Convicts of Gross Mental Incompetence. World Archaeology 36(4):519-526. Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 Gibraltar, Atapuerca and the Origin of Neanderthals, and The Neanderthals. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 76-79, 152-155. London: Thames and Hudson Wong, Kate 2000 Who Were the Neandertals? Scientific American 282(4): 98-107.

Friday, 11/8: Why Did Neandertals Go Extinct? (Debate 3) Ian Gilligan 2007 Extinction and Modern Human Behaviour: The Role of Climate Change and . World Archaeology 39(4):499-514. Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 What Happened to the Neanderthals? In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 164-165. London: Thames and Hudson Wong, Kate 2009 Twilight of the Neandertals. Scientific American 301(2):32-37. Due: Talking Points 3

Monday, 11/11: Exam 2

THEME 5: BECOMING US

Wednesday, 11/13: An Intellectual Leap Forward? Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 Tools and Human Behavior: The Middle Paleolithic and Tools and Human Behavior: The Upper Paleolithic. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 210- 215. London: Thames and Hudson. Feder, Kenneth L. 2010 Expanding Intellectual Horizons (excerpt). In The Past In Perspective. Pp.166- 179. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9

Friday, 11/15: The Origins of Art and Symbolism Balter, Michael 2009 On the Origin of Art and Symbolism. Science 323(5915):709-711. Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 The First Artists. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 216-221. London: Thames and Hudson.

Monday 11/18: Why Did Our Ancestors Develop Language? Gärdenfors, Peter 2003 The Origin of (excerpt). In How Homo Became Sapiens. Pp. 167-180. New York: Oxford University Press. Due: Paper 2

Wednesday, 11/20: Why Do We Live So Long? Caspari, Rachel 2011 The Evolution of Grandparents. Scientific American 305(2):38-43. Hawkes, Kristen 2004 Human Longevity: The Grandmother Effect. Nature 428 (11 March):128-129.

Friday, 11/22: NO CLASS (Prof. Marshall will be at the American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting)

Monday 11/25: The Peopling of Australia and the Americas Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 The First Australians and The First Americans. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 170-173 and 196-199. London: Thames and Hudson. Pringle, Heather 2011 The First Americans. Scientific American 305(5):36-45.

Wednesday 11/27-Friday 11/29: THANKSGIVING RECESS (NO CLASS)

Monday, 12/2: Are We Still Biologically Evolving? (Debate 4) Fuentes, Agustín 2012 Humans Are Still Evolving. In : Concepts and Connections, 2nd edition. Pp. 343-352. New York: McGraw-Hill. Stock, Jay 2008 Are Humans Still Evolving? EBMO Reports, Special Issue 9:S51-S54.

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Taylor, Timothy 2010 Just Three Systems. In The Artificial Ape: How Technology Changed the Course of Human Evolution. Pp. 1-12. New York: Palgrave-MacMillan. Due: Talking Points 4

Wednesday, 12/4: Is Our Evolutionary Heritage a Burden? DeSilva, Jeremy 2013 Starting Off on the Wrong Foot. Paper presented at the AAAS Annual Meeting. http://www.bu.edu/anthrop/files/2013/02/DeSilva_statement.pdf Leonard, William 2013 Metabolic Challenges of the Modern World: Evolution and Human Nutritional Health. Paper presented at the AAAS Annual Meeting. http://www.bu.edu/anthrop/files/2013/02/Leonard-statement.pdf Mann, Alan 2013 Wisdom Can Be Painful: The Evolutionary Origins of Third Molar Impaction in Humans. Paper presented at the AAAS Annual Meeting. http://www.bu.edu/anthrop/files/2013/02/Mann-statement.pdf Due: Reflection 4

THEME 6: CONTROVERSY AND MYTH IN SCIENCE

Friday, 12/6: Our Hobbit Cousin? Stringer, Chris and Peter Andrews 2012 Homo floresiensis. In The Complete World of Human Evolution. Pp. 174-175. London: Thames and Hudson. Baab, Karen L. 2012 Homo floresiensis: Making Sense of the Small-Bodied Hominin Fossils from Flores. Nature Education Knowledge 3(9). http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/homo-floresiensis-making-sense-of- the-small-91387735.

Monday, 12/9: Why Isn’t Race a Valid Biological Concept? Jablonski, Nina and George Chaplin 2002 Skin Deep. Scientific American 287(4):74-81. Marks, Jonathan 2011 Just How Different Is Different? (On Race) (excerpt). In The Alternative Introduction to Biological Anthropology. Pp. 236-245. New York: Oxford University Press.

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Wednesday, 12/11: How Has Our Understanding of Women’s Role in Evolution Changed? Ehrenberg, Margaret 2001 The Role of Women in Human Evolution. In Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Caroline B. Brettell and Carolyn F. Sargent, eds. Pp. 16-21. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Zihlman, Adrienne 2009 Reflections on Women in Evolution: Looking Back and Going Forward. Voices 9(1):18-24.

Friday, 12/13: Fossils on Tour and Course Review Editorial 2009 Fossils for All. Scientific American 301(3):26. Gibbons, Ann 2006 ’s Tour Abroad Sparks Protests. Science 314(5799):574-575. Due: Paper 3

Thursday, 12/19: Final Exam, 8:30-11:30 AM

COURSE EXPECTATIONS

Class Participation This course will include both lecture and discussion components, and class participation is essential. Class participation means attending all classes, posting on the Moodle discussion forums every week, listening attentively, volunteering to speak when you have a chance, demonstrating that you are well prepared for class by offering thoughtful comments or questions, and sometimes pushing yourself to make more rigorous and analytical points. I expect everyone to be respectful of other people’s ideas and opinions. While we can and should debate issues, we should not attack other people personally for the ideas they express in class. Several brief in- class writing assignments designed to test your level of preparation and engagement are also an important part of your class participation grade. Class participation will account for 10% of the course grade.

Discussion Leadership Students will also be expected once during the semester to lead a brief discussion on the day’s reading. To prepare, identify at least two open-ended, thought-provoking questions about the reading to ask the class. You should provide a brief personal reaction and identify connections to earlier assigned readings. However, do not summarize the reading! The main purpose of this exercise is to elicit the participation of your fellow students and jumpstart discussion. 12

Student-led discussions typically last approximately 5-7 minutes. Discussion leadership responsibilities will account for 5% of the course grade.

Reflections Students will complete four short, informal reflective writing assignments throughout the semester. These are cumulatively worth 5% of your course grade.

Talking Points In preparation for four in-class debates, students will prepare a two-page document of talking points favoring each side of the debate. The ideas that you express should come from both the day’s assigned reading and your personal reflection. You will not know which side of the debate you will defend until class, so come prepared. Talking Points will not be accepted late or from students who do not actually attend the debate. They are worth together 5% of your course grade.

Papers Three five-page papers are assigned on topics related to human evolution over the course of the semester. Each paper is worth 7.5% of your course grade.

Bibliographic Exercise This take-home exercise requires students to create and format a bibliography on a topic related to human evolution using the American Anthropological Association format. It is worth 5% of the course grade.

Exams Three exams will be given over the semester. Exam 1 is worth 10% of your course grade. Exam 2 is worth 15% of your course grade. The final exam, which is cumulative, is worth 22.5% of your course grade.

GRADING SUMMARY

Class Participation: 10% Discussion Leadership: 5% Reflections: 5% Talking Points: 5% Papers: 22.5% (7.5% x 3 papers) Bibliographic Exercise: 5% Exam 1: 10% Exam 2: 15% Final Exam (cumulative): 22.5% 13

GRADING POLICIES

A 93+ A- 90-92.999 B+ 87-89.999 B 83-86.999 B- 80-82.999 C+ 77-79.999 C 73-76.999 C- 70-72.999 D+ 67-69.999 D 63-66.999 D- 60-62.999 F <60

At Depauw, A and A- grades reflect “achievement of exceptionally high merit.” B+, B, and B- grades indicate “achievement at a level SUPERIOR to the basic level.” C+, C, and C- grades reflect “basic achievement,” and D+, D, D- grades reflect “minimum achievement that warrants credit.” Please realize that B grades in this course reflect very good work; a “B” is not a poor grade in this or any other course at DePauw. C grades also indicate basic mastery of the material.

COURSE POLICIES

Academic Misconduct Please familiarize yourself with DePauw’s Academic Integrity Policy. If you are at all unsure what constitutes plagiarism, please ask. I take academic dishonesty very seriously, and at DePauw such misconduct can have a variety of serious consequences.

Attendance If you are absent (whether the absence is excused or unexcused), you will not earn that day’s full participation grade.1 If an absence is excused, you may email me two thoughtful questions or comments on the reading for partial participation credit (75%). If an absence is unexcused, no partial credit will be given (0%). Only three unexcused absences will be permitted. Each additional unexcused absence will drop your final grade a half-point (for example, from a B- to a C+). If you have an emergency, contact me before class. Acceptable reasons for an excused absence include family emergency, serious illness, religious holiday, and participation in college

1 Excused absences for religious holidays will be issued full participation credit. 14 athletic competitions. If you have more than six unexcused absences (that is, if you skip more than two weeks of class), you will automatically fail the course.

Late Assignments All course exercises are due in class on the due dates listed. After its due date, an assignment’s value drops 10 percentage points for each day it is late. For example, if an assignment were one day late, a perfect score would give you only 90%. If it were two days late, an otherwise perfect assignment would be given 80%. I will not accept assignments more than three days late. If you have an emergency, contact me before class. Note: Talking Points will NOT be accepted late.

Missed Exams I will not provide make-up examinations for any exam unless a serious illness or family emergency prevents a student from taking the exam at the scheduled time. Otherwise, any missed exam will result in a grade of 0%. If a religious holiday or college athletic event conflicts with either exam time, please let me know in the first two weeks of class so that we can plan for your accommodation. If you miss the exam unexpectedly because of serious illness or family emergency, let me know within 24 hours of the missed exam time, have documentation ready, and be prepared to make up the exam within a day or two of returning to grounds.

Laptops and cell phones Laptop and cell phone use is generally prohibited during class sessions. If you like to take notes on your laptop, talk to me and we can arrange for your accommodation.

Learning and Other Disabilities If you have a documented disability—including hearing or vision issues, learning disabilities, ADD, ADHD, psychological disabilities, or neurological impairments—please contact Mrs. Pamela Roberts, Coordinator of Student Disabilities Services, to arrange for arrange for any needed accommodation. Also, if you suspect that you have a disability but don’t have documentation, please contact Mrs. Roberts for help. She can be reached at 765-658-6267 or [email protected] I cannot accommodate any student without first receiving proper documentation from the Student Disabilities Services, so plan ahead.