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Siltation Studies of Reservoirs

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Siltation Studies of Reservoirs SILTATION STUDIES OF RESERVOIRS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY IN HYDRAULICS AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING Submitted by: SHIVAM SHARMA Roll No. 2K17/HFE/14 Under the supervision of Dr. T VIJAYA KUMAR Associate Professor DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering) Bawana Road, Delhi – 110042 MAY, 2019 ii DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering) Bawana Road, Delhi-110042 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I, Shivam Sharma, Roll No. 2K17/HFE/14 student of M.Tech (Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering), hereby declare that the dissertation titled “Siltation studies of Reservoirs” which is submitted by me to the Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Master of Technology, is original and not copied from any source without proper citation. This work has not previously formed the basis for the award of any Degree, Diploma Associateship, Fellowship or other similar title of recognition. PLACE: DELHI Shivam Sharma DATE: iii DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering) Bawana Road, Delhi-110042 CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that the project dissertation titled “SILTATION STUDIES OF RESERVOIR” which is submitted by SHIVAM SHARMA, 2K17/HFE/14, Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY IN HYDRAULICS AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, is a record of the project work carried out by the student under my supervision. To the best of my knowledge this work has not been submitted in part or full for any degree or diploma to this university or elsewhere. PLACE: DELHI Dr. T VIJAYA KUMAR DATE: SUPERVISOR Associate Professor iv ABSTRACT The most important practical and critical problem related to the performance of reservoirs is the estimation of storage capacity loss due to sedimentation process. The problem to be addressed is to estimate the rate of sediment deposition and the period of time at which the sediment would interfere with the useful functioning of a reservoir. Fairly a large number of methods and models are available for the estimation, analysis and prediction of reservoir sedimentation process. However, these methods and models differ greatly in terms of their complexity, inputs and computational requirements. In the present study, trap efficiency is calculated for different reservoirs using different approaches like Brune’s curve, Gill’s method, Brown’s method, etc. The trap efficiency of Bhadra reservoir(Karnataka) has been found out to be 96% according to brune’s curve, 93.26% according to Heinemann’s curve, 96.88% according to USDS-SCS equations, 96.063% according to Dendy’s method, 99.51% according to brown’s curve, 96.37% according to Gill’s method, 97.93% according to Jothiprakash and Garg method. The trap efficiency of Upper Kolab reservoir(Odisha) has been found out to be 95.5% according to brune’s curve, 92.985% according to Heinemann’s curve, 96.749% according to USDS-SCS equations, 95.67% according to Dendy’s method, 99.27% according to brown’s curve, 96.14% according to Gill’s method, 97.656% according to Jothiprakash and Garg method. The trap efficiency of Panchet reservoir(Jharkhand) has been found out to be 80% according to brune’s curve, 76.166% according to Heinemann’s curve, 80.7% according to USDS-SCS equations, 79.43% according to Dendy’s method, 81% according to brown’s curve, 82.078% according to Gill’s method, 81.86% according to Jothiprakash and Garg method. The trap efficiency of Idamalayar reservoir(Kerala) has been found out to be 96.8% according to brune’s curve, 93.67% according to Heinemann’s curve, 96.987% according to USDS-SCS equations, 96.657% according to Dendy’s method, 99.8% according to brown’s curve, 96.71% according to Gill’s method, 98.335% according to Jothiprakash and Garg method. The values of trap efficiency determined by Heinemann method and Brown method differ from the values v of trap efficiency obtained by other methods. The reason behind the variation in Heinemann’s curve is because of the fact that it is developed using the data of small ponds while in our case the size of reservoirs is quite large. All the methods used above except Brown’s method uses the relationship between capacity and inflow for the determination of trap efficiency. However Brown’s method relates the trap efficiency with the ratio of capacity of reservoir and watershed area, therefore the variation in the results of Brown’s method is attributed to this factor. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My heart quivers with the thrill for offering gratitude to those individuals who helped me in completion of the project. I am highly thankful to Dr. T Vijaya Kumar, supervisor for assigning me this interesting project and for his valuable suggestions and boosts at various stages of the work. I am highly grateful to the guide for his encouragement, inspiration and timely direction, without whose support, the thesis would not have brought to this state of completion. I want to thank him for acting as guide for this work and for sparing his valuable time whenever requested. I would love to express my special word of appreciation to my family members, my mother, my father, my brother and my sister whose unconditional love and support has helped me completing this project. I personally want to thank officers of Central Water Commission who provided me with the data of different reservoirs used in my work. Last but not least, I want to thank all my friends who have patiently extended all sorts of help for achieving this undertaking. Name: SHIVAM SHARMA Roll No: 2K17/HFE/14 vii CONTENTS Candidate Declaration ii Certificate iii Abstract iv Acknowledgement vi Contents vii List of Tables xi List of Graphs xii List of Figures xiii List of Abbreviations xiv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Dams and reservoirs 1 1.2 Sedimentation 1 1.3 The Effects of Sedimentation 2 1.4 Trap Efficiency 4 1.5 Objectives of the Present Study 5 1.6 Work Presentation 5 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7 2.1 Storage Loss of Reservoirs 7 2.2 Trap Efficiency of Reservoirs 8 viii 2.3 Useful Life of Reservoir 9 2.4 Comparative Studies of Different Methods of Trap Efficiency 10 CHAPTER 3 STUDY AREA 12 3.1 The Bhadra Dam 13 3.1.1 The Bhadra Reservoir 13 3.1.2 Bhadra Dam and Its Benefits 13 3.2 Upper Kolab Dam 16 3.2.1 Upper Kolab Reservoir 16 3.2.2 Upper Kolab Dam and its Benefits 16 3.3 Idamalayar Dam 18 3.3.1 Idamalayar Reservoir 18 3.3.2 Location of the Project 19 3.4 Panchet Dam 21 3.4.1 The Damodar River 21 3.4.2 Dam Features 21 3.4.3 Flood Control 22 3.4.4 Location of the Project 22 CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY 24 4.1 Brune’s Curve 24 4.2 Trap Efficiency Prediction Equations Used by the USDA-SCS 25 ix 4.3 Gill’s method 25 4.4 Brown’s Method 26 4.5 Heinemann Method 28 4.6 Dendy’s method 29 4.7 Jothiprakash and Garg method 29 CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 31 5.1 Trap Efficiency 31 5.2 Bhadra Reservoir 31 5.2.1 Brune’s Curve 32 5.2.2 TE Prediction Equations Used by the USDA-SCS 32 5.2.3 Heinemann Curve 32 5.2.4 Dendy’s Equation 32 5.2.5 Brown’s Curve 32 5.2.6 Gill’s Method 33 5.2.7 Jothiprakash and Garg 33 5.3 Upper Kolab Reservoir 35 5.3.1 Brune’s Curve 35 5.3.2 TE Prediction Equations Used by the USDA-SCS 35 5.3.3 Heinemann Curve 35 5.3.4 Dendy’s Equation 36 5.3.5 Brown’s Curve 36 x 5.3.6 Gill’s Method 36 5. 3.7 Jothiprakash and Garg 36 5.4 Panchet Reservoir 38 5.4.1 Brune’s Curve 38 5.4.2 TE Prediction Equations Used by the USDA-SCS 38 5.4.3 Heinemann Curve 38 5.4.4 Dendy’s Equation 39 5.4.5 Brown’s Curve 39 5.4.6 Gill’s Method 39 5. 4.7 Jothiprakash and Garg 39 5.5 Idamalayar Reservoir 41 5.5.1 Brune’s Curve 41 5.5.2 TE Prediction Equations Used by the USDA-SCS 41 5.5.3 Heinemann Curve 41 5.5.4 Dendy’s Equation 42 5.5.5 Brown’s Curve 42 5.5.6 Gill’s Method 42 5. 5.7 Jothiprakash and Garg 42 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS 47 REFERENCES 49 xi LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. TITLE OF THE TABLE PAGE NO. 3.1 Salient Features of Bhadra Project 15 3.2 Salient Features of Upper Kolab Project 17 3.3 Salient Features of Idamalayar Project 20 3.4 Salient Features of Panchet Project 23 4.1 Equations Used by USDA-SCS 25 5.1 The Values of Trap Efficiency Calculated Using 44 Different Methods Summarized Into Tabular Form. xii LIST OF GRAPHS GRAPH NO. TITLE OF THE GRAPH PAGE NO. 5.1 The Graph Shows the Values of Trap Efficiency 34 (In %) Calculated Using Different Methods for Bhadra Reservoir 5.2 The Graph Shows the Values of Trap Efficiency 37 (In %) Calculated Using Different Methods for Upper Kolab Reservoir 5.3 The Graph Shows the Values of Trap Efficiency 40 (In %) Calculated Using Different Methods for Panchet Reservoir 5.4 The Graph Shows the Values of Trap Efficiency 43 (In %) Calculated Using Different Methods for Idamalayar Reservoir 5.5 The graph shows the values of trap efficiency 45 (in %) for all the reservoirs calculated using different methods xiii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO.
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