ARTICLES ON MASSACRE FROM PEACENET AND ASSOCIATED NETWORKS

Volume 4: November 25-28, 1991

For more information or additional copies (please enclose US$5. per volume to cover costs): Charles Scheiner, Box 1182, White Plains, NY 10602 USA Tel.914-428-7299. Fax.914-428-7383 email IGC:CSCHEINER or [email protected] Reprinting and distribution without permission is welcomed. This material is also available on IBM-compatible diskette, in either WinWord or ASCII format. Table of Contents TAINTED BY EAST TIMOR KILLINGS (AWSJ)...... 3 GROWING TENSIONS...... 3 "CAN'T BE A WHITEWASH"...... 3 NEGATIVE REPORT ...... 3 'PERSUASIVE ATTITUDE' ...... 3 COMORO RIVER KILLING GROUND (GOMULARZ)...... 4 PARC RESOLUTION ON EAST TIMOR ...... 4 PRESS STATEMENT BY THE YOGYAKARTA STUDENTS ASSOCIATION (IKATAN MAHASISWA YOGYAKARTA)...... 4 MASSACRE TESTS AUSTRALIA'S RELATIONS WITH JAKARTA (IPS)...... 5 COLONIZATION, DECOLONIZATION, AND 'INTEGRATION': LANGUAGE POLICY IN EAST TIMOR (N. LUTZ)...... 6 REFERENCES ...... 8 PORTUGUESE BISHOPS LAMENT POPE'S SILENCE ON MASSACRE (IPS) ...... 8 DUTCH FREEZE AID TO OVER MASSACRE (IPS) ...... 8 CALL FOR DELEGATION TO DILI FROM ALICE SPRINGS...... 8 OCCUPATION AND MASSACRE IN EAST TIMOR (PORTUGUESE SCIENTISTS APPEAL) ...... 9 OCCUPATION AND MASSACRE IN EAST TIMOR...... 9 TO SECRETARY BAKER FROM THE LAWYERS COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS...... 9 DEATH IN PARADISE (EDITORIAL, VANCOUVER SUN)...... 10 BRITISH BISHOPS: GIVE THE TIMORESE FREE CHOICE! ...... 10 EAST TIMOR AND SELECTIVE MORALITY ON A WORLD STAGE (UK CATHOLIC HERALD)...... 10 HARD TO BE A CHRISTIAN IN EAST TIMOR (CATHOLIC HERALD) ...... 10 BETWEEN MOTAEL AND SANTA CRUZ (TEMPO)...... 11 STATEMENT OF ATTITUDE BY UNIVERSITY STUDENT SENATES THROUGHOUT JAVA ...... 11 STUDENTS CALL FOR INDONESIA'S COMMISSION OF INQUIRY TO BE DISSOLVED AND FOR AN ACT OF SELF- DETERMINATION IN EAST TIMOR...... 11 GOVERNOR PUTS THE BLAME ON MILITARY (STRAITS TIMES) ...... 12 THE CLOUDS DARKEN OVER EAST TIMOR (AGE EDITORIAL)...... 13 UNITED STAND NEEDED ON TIMOR HORROR (AUSTRALIAN EDITORIAL)...... 13 INQUIRY SET TO ANGER INDONS...... 13 THE EXECUTIONERS' CHARTER (GUARDIAN) ...... 14 WIRE SERVICE DIGEST NOV. 25...... 14 (SWEDEN CRITICIZES JAKARTA) ...... 14 PORTUGAL (DOCKERS BOYCOTT INDONESIAN CARGO)...... 14 VENEZUELA (SUHARTO-PEREZ MEETING)...... 15 AUSTRALIA (A.I. URGES INVESTIGATION)...... 15 AUSTRALIA (UNIONS BOYCOTT INDONESIA)...... 15 U.S. (CONGRESSIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS CAUCUS HEARING)...... 15 INDONESIA (WILL CHECK A.I. VICTIM LIST)...... 15 INDONESIA (BALI ARREST VIOLATES ASSURANCES)...... 15 EAST TIMOR (WAROUW ORDERS KILLINGS)...... 15 EAST TIMOR (BELO WILL TESTIFY)...... 15 DEATH IN EAST TIMOR (HELEN TODD)...... 15 KILLING RAGES ON IN EAST TIMOR, WITNESSES SAY (MONTREAL GAZETTE) ...... 17 VIGIL FORCES INDONESIANS TO SHUT DOWN DARWIN CONSULATE (AGE)...... 18 East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 2 November 25-28, 1991

A.I. SAYS MASSACRES CONTINUE (RADIO AUSTRALIA)...... 18 FRETILIN ALLEGES SEVEN MORE KILLINGS IN DILI (AGE)...... 18 NYC DEMO RE EAST TIMOR?...... 19 QUESTIONS FROM A TIMOR ACTIVIST RELATING TO THE PROPOSED DEM ONSTRATION:...... 19 CHARLIE SCHEINER RESPONDS TO THE QUESTIONS...... 19 HAWKE TO BE TOUGHER ON INDONESIA (AUSTRALIAN)...... 20 EVANS MAY MAKE A PROTEST TRIP TO JAKARTA (AGE)...... 20 GARETH EVANS: 75 DEAD (ABC RADIO)...... 20 49 TIMORESE RELEASED IN JAKARTA (TAPOL) ...... 21 LEGAL AID FOUNDATION JAIL VISIT (LBH) ...... 21 WIRE SERVICE DIGEST NOV. 26...... 21 USSR (GOV'T STATEMENT)...... 21 VENEZUELA (ALATAS DENIES MASSACRE)...... 21 AUSTRALIA (INDON. THREATENS TO WITHDRAW AMBASSADOR) ...... 21 AUSTRALIA (EVANS BODY COUNTS)...... 21 AUSTRALIA (TIMOR GAP TREATY) ...... 21 AUSTRALIA (LABOUR MP'S WANT ACTION)...... 22 U.S. (STATE DEPARTMENT BRIEFING EXCERPT:)...... 22 INDONESIA (REGRETS AID CUTS) ...... 22 INDONESIA (MURDANI WILL BROADCAST MASSACRE VIDEOS) ...... 22 U.N. ECOSOC DISCUSSION...... 22 STEP UP PRESSURE ON INDONESIA (MONTREAL GAZETTE EDITORIAL)...... 23 AUSTRALIAN LABOUR MP LOBBYING ...... 23 AUSTRALIAN LABOUR PARTY CAUCUS POLICY STATEMENT...... 23 SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL RESOLUTION...... 23 INTERVIEW WITH JOSE RAMOS HORTA (PORTUGUESE RADIO) ...... 24 PORTUGUESE PREMIER WANTS E.C. ACTION AGAINST INDONESIA (IPS)...... 24 INFILTRATORS PROVOKED TIMOR MASSACRE, SAYS ALATAS (IPS)...... 24 THE MASSACRE INQUIRY COMMITTEE (DAVID BOURC)...... 25 HARISOEGIMAN ...... 25 ANTON SUYATA...... 25 CLEMENTINO DOS REIS AMARAL...... 25 HADIA WAYARABI ALHADAR...... 25 BEN MANG RENG SAY...... 25 SUMITRO ...... 25 ASIA WATCH DEMANDS RELEASE OF TIMORESE PROTESTORS...... 25 JAKARTA-CANBERRA LINKS STRAINED (AGE)...... 26 CONFUSION OVER THREAT TO WITHDRAW ALL DIPLOMATS IF HARASSMENT CONTINUES ...... 26 TIMOR VOTE PUTS EVANS ON THE LINE (AGE EDITORIAL)...... 26 "NO PROVOCATION" BEFORE DILI CEMETERY MASSACRE (AUST. CATHOLIC LEADER)...... 27 MANY ARRESTED IN DILI BEFORE INQUIRY COMMISSION ARRIVES (TAPOL)...... 27 PEREZ DE CUELLAR SAYS UN WILL INVESTIGATE EAST TIMOR ALLEGATIONS (AP)...... 28 WIRE SERVICE DIGEST NOV. 27...... 28 TRY SUTRISNO: "PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATION IS BULLSHIT"...... 28 NO MASSACRE, SAYS ALATAS...... 28 U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT BRIEFING EXCERPT...... 28 AUSTRALIA MAY REVIEW TIES...... 29 PORTUGAL PUSHES SANCTIONS...... 29 MOCK 'RE-EVALUATION' ...... 29

Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke on power. Mr. Alatas, Indonesia's foreign JAKARTA TAINTED BY EAST Wednesday called for a thorough investigation minister, had hoped that the Portuguese del- TIMOR KILLINGS (AWSJ) into what he described as an "appalling egation's visit would advance efforts to quell tragedy." He said Australia expects that criticism of Indonesia's administration over the Asian Wall Street Journal, November 14, "those responsible for breaches of human territory. Although Indonesian officials said 1991, Jakarta. By Richard Borsuk, a staff rights should be appropriately dealt with." they assumed that the Portuguese team would reporter for the Asian Wall Street Journal On Wednesday, Armed Forces Commander submit a negative report of its visit, they also When Indonesian troops opened fire on a Gen. Try Sutrisno expressed regret over the expected a separate U.N. report -- from funeral procession in East Timor two days incident and said the military is making a ambassadors appointed to accompany the ago, they also damaged Jakarta's international "thorough investigation." delegation -- would cite Jakarta's efforts to improve living conditions in the territory. image and its efforts to lend legitimacy to its "CAN'T BE A WHITEWASH" 1976 annexation of the territory. Plans for the visit took shape only after Tuesday's incident, in which dozens were However, diplomats and analysts say they years of negotiations, conducted mainly in shot dead, isn't expected to reduce Indonesia's aren't certain how deeply the military will New York. Mr. Alatas, formerly Indonesia's ability to continue receiving large amounts of probe into the incident or how willing it will ambassador to the U.N., promoted the visit as foreign aid. However, diplomats say the be to punish soldiers found to have acted a means of putting the East Timor issue to shootings leave Jakarta open to criticism at a wrongly. "There can't be a white-wash," says rest, but a range of Indonesian officials and time when it has been seeking a higher one diplomat. "It will have to be a lot better analysts, including the governor of East international profile in line with its status as than that." Timor, opposed the plan as an invitation for the world's fifth-most-populous nation. At the least, Jakarta now faces a substantial trouble. Several foreign governments, including the public-relations problem. "It was stupid," Mr. Alatas "pushed the trip too hard in U.S. and Australia, have called on Indonesia to says one Jakarta-based European diplomat. spite of advice from people who dreaded it," fully investigate the incident. "Indonesia has done so many things right, but says one Indonesian analyst. "He's obsessed now many people in Europe will have an with the Timor question, and thought the visit GROWING TENSIONS unfavorable image of Indonesia." would help end it." Diplomats say the shootings came amid Another diplomat, while noting that Just one week before the delegation's growing tensions in the troubled territory "criticism over human-rights matters hasn't scheduled arrival, the plan fell apart over related to a planned visit by a parliamentary hurt aid flows," acknowledges that the impact Lisbon's invitation to an Australian journalist delegation from Portugal, which ruled East of Tuesday's incident will be greater than that who Jakarta calls a "propagandist" for Fretilin. Timor for more than 300 years. That plan of other Indonesian human-rights issues, such The situation already had intensified in East collapsed late last month after Indonesia re- as the treatment of civilians in Aceh province Timor in anticipation of the visit, analysts jected Portugal's demand that the delegation be in Sumatra, where a small insurgency has been say. According to recent visitors, the number accompanied by an Australian journalist who under way. of security forces in the territory had been Jakarta said was anti-Indonesia. Now, East Timor has been a frequent source of increased, and military forces were allegedly analysts say, Foreign Minister Ali Alatas's controversy since the Portuguese abruptly harassing Timorese they thought might protracted campaign to blunt the criticism ended their rule in August 1975. Indonesia demonstrate against Indonesia during the visit. Indonesia has taken for years over East Timor sent troops into East Timor in December 1975 On Oct. 28, two days after the Portuguese has also collapsed. and annexed the territory the next year. said they were cancelling the trip, two Accounts of exactly what happened Portugal maintains that Indonesia illegally Timorese were killed outside a church in Dili Tuesday in the provincial capital of Dili vary seized the territory after invading it and in an incident that the military said involved widely. According to the Indonesian armed crushing a bid for independence by Fretilin, Fretilin elements. Tuesday's killings stemmed forces, soldiers were forced to defend them- one of three groups vying for control after from ceremonies held to mark the death of one selves after being provoked by anti-Jakarta Lisbon's exit. But Indonesia says it entered of the two. According to witnesses, soliders at rioters who "brutally" stoned shops and a East Timor at the request of another group one stage fired into a procession of people police station. However, some witnesses say that, with majority support, favored integra- heading for a cemetery. It isn't yet known the soldiers apparently panicked in the face of tion with Jakarta. It accuses Portugal of fuel- why the troops didn't first use tear gas to try a large crowd and fired at unarmed marchers. ing a civil war, arming Fretilin and creating to disperse the crowd. An armed forces Diplomats and political analysts say that in chaos. statement released Tuesday said casualities addition to hurting Jakarta's international The fighting in Timor, as well as severe were "unavoidable" as soldiers were unable to image, the shootings will make it much harder food shortages in the late 1970's, took tens of disperse the crowd "through persuasive for Indonesia to manage the situation in East thousands of lives in the territory, which now ways." Timor. They say the incident could lead to has a population of about 650,000. Nearly all Diplomats and analysts say that while further strife in the territory after several East Timorese are Christian, in contrast to Tuesday's use of force may have been caused years of relative calm. other parts of Indonesia, where a large ma- by panic, the government's overall approach Jusuf Wanandi, chairman of the Center for jority of the population is Muslim. to administering East Timor has been too Strategic and International Studies, a private Although Indonesia has spent heavily to dependent on shows of strength that intimi- Jakarta think tank, says the incident rep- build schools and hospitals in a territory date residents. They say they are worried that resents a "setback" for Indonesia. He says where the Portuguese spent virtually nothing, even if calm is restored in Dili, the shootings government authorities need to undertake a Jakarta's sovereignty over East Timor con- will only strengthen anti-Jakarta sentiment. full investigation to minimize damage to tinues to draw opposition. Only several hun- "How will this heal?" asks an Indonesian Jakarta's image. dred Fretilin rebels are believed to remain in analyst who requested anonymity. "It might Without a thorough and credible investi- the hills of East Timor, but parts of Dili's take another generation. In the meantime, can gation, he says, Indonesia "will be in the same population are disenchanted with Indonesia authorities convince the people they should be league as the Chinese", who "acted as if and resent the strong military presence. part of Indonesia?" nothing happened" after the June 1989 killings NEGATIVE REPORT 'PERSUASIVE ATTITUDE' in Tiananmen Square. Indonesia "can't afford" to be in that league, Mr. Wanandi says, "for Most foreign governments have accepted For now, it appears that the military may its domestic political development and East Timor's integration with Indonesia as a react to the incident by stepping up its activ- internationally." fait accompli, but the contin- ity in East Timor. The regional military ues to recognize Portugal as the administrative commander in Bali, Maj. Gen. Sintong East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 4 November 25-28, 1991

Panjaitan, was quoted in Wednesday's edition once more against the brutality of the army, PRESS STATEMENT BY THE of Media Indonesia, a Jakarta newspaper, as and appeal to all of international society to saying the government had been trying for two make efforts to resolve this problem through YOGYAKARTA STUDENTS years to improve East Timor's welfare through self-determination for the people of East ASSOCIATION (IKATAN "Operation Smile." He said the provocations Timor. that led to Tuesday's shootings will make the The sparks for this most recent incident MAHASISWA YOGYAKARTA) military more inclined to act firmly "against were ignited on October 28, when young This is one of two student statements on the those abusing our persuasive attitude." members of the independence movement were Santa Cruz massacre, published recently. They According to the paper, Gen. Panjaitan also shot at by Indonesian forces, an attack in reveal that there is another voice in Indonesia said the mission against rebels will be which two people were killed. On November on East Timor, though not one that can find an upgraded from a "territorial operation" to a 12, indigenous people gathered in a cemetery outlet in the Indonesian press. This is an "combat operation." to put flowers on the grave of of Sebastian unabridged, hastily-done translation of the Diplomats still receiving sketchy reports Gomez, one of the victims. When this funeral original document. from Dili on Wednesday said a battalion procession became an independence march, commander was stabbed and wounded during the Indonesian soldiers fired on the crowd of On the Bloody Tragedy in East Timor on Tuesday's incident. They also said one peaceful demonstrators, killing almost 100 12 November 1991: foreigner following the marchers, a New people. Wounded people are still dying in The shedding yet again of the blood of the Zealander, was badly wounded; unconfirmed hospitals, and it is believed that the death toll people of East Timorese, following the proc- reports reaching Jakarta said he died in a Dili will rise further. ess of integration with Indonesia which began hospital. An Indonesian government statement In response to this situation, PARC has in 1975, is a matter of the utmost concern for Wednesday put the total death toll at 20, but passed the following resolutions: all humankind. The total disregard for diplomats and other sources said it was much 1) We appeal for the immediate withdrawal of humanitarian principles is yet again evident higher. Indonesian forces from East Timor. from the loss of 196 innocent East Timorese 2) We appeal to the government of Indonesia lives, including Kamal Bamadhaj, a New COMORO RIVER KILLING to carry out an immediate and full inves- Zealander, at the Santa Cruz cemetery, Dili, East Timor, on 12 November 1991. GROUND (GOMULARZ) tigation into the most recent massacre and take responsibility for it in international The Ikatan Mahasiswa Yogyakarta, the Note on the Comoro River massacre (15th society. communications network for all intra- and extra-university organisations in Yogyakarta, November) from P.L. Gomularz, Melbourne 3) We appeal to the Japanese government to forwarded by peg:dbourc unanimously decided, at a restricted meeting express its discontent to the Indonesian on 15, 16 and 18 November 1991, to issue the Several socially, politically and ethnically government, and furthermore to demand the following press statement on that bloody disparate East Timorese sources in Melbourne immediate withdrawal of Indonesian forces tragedy: have said that telephone calls with relatives in from East Timor and respect for self- 1. We express our profound grief that this East Timor have been cut off as soons as the determination for the people of East Timor. tragedy occurred and express our heartfelt topic of the Comoro River massacre of 15th 4) We appeal to the Japanese government to condolences to the bereaved families of the Novemer is raised. cut off development assistance to the victims. May those who died find a place The importance of the Comoro River site: Indonesian government until there is a at the side of the Almighty, and for their The mouth of the Comoro River, in the dry withdrawal of Indonesian forces from East families, may they have the strength to season, is some 400 yards wide and dry. It is Timor. cope with their terrible loss. the only flat, unoccupied area close to Dili 5) We appeal to the Secretary General of the 2. We call on the United Nations to take over where large earthmoving equipment could United Nations to convene the Security this question and set up, without delay, an operate. The area immediately around the Council and find ways to effectively im- independent and objective fact- finding airport, which includes the mouth of the plement the resolutions that have been team to discover the true facts about how Comoro River, is off limits to civilians. When passed by the General Assembly and such a tragedy could have happened. The the rains come, usually around the third or Security Council calling for self-determi- results of this fact-finding team should be fourth week of November, the river becomes a nation for East Timor. widely disseminated to the public at large. raging torrent that sweeps everything, including huge boulders and large trees out to 6) We welcome the initiative on peace be- 3. Those who are found to be guilty and who sea. An intelligent choice for a burial ground. tween Indonesia and East Timor proposed violated the should be tried before an by Australia Prime Minister Bob Hawke, international tribunal, under the supervision PARC RESOLUTION but we protest the fact it shows no change of agencies of the United Nations. in Australia's past policy of recognizing 4. We ask international agencies of the UN as ON EAST TIMOR Indonesian sovereignty over East Timor. well as the International Red Cross to We appeal to the Australian government to provide comprehensive protection to those Pacific Asia Resource Center (PARC), Eighth recognize that its neglect of East Timorese Assembly who were injured - some 147 people - who self-determination has helped create the are now being treated in hospital and to November 17, 1991 atmosphere which made the recent those who sought refuge at the home of the We protest the acts of genocide Indonesian massacre possible. Bishop in an attempt to evade the military forces have carried out against the indigenous 7) We appeal to all governments to apply authorities. people of East Timor, and demand the pressure on the government of Indonesia to 5. We urge the government to immediately immediate withdrawal of all Indonesian troops respect United Nations resolutions. release the 400 or so people who have been and a fair international settlement of the East 8) We appeal to individual citizens all over the rounded up and are being held in military Timor problem. world to work, through all forums, to detention centres in connection with the PARC supports the self-determination of spread news of and find a just settlement to incident, so as to avoid the loss of yet more the people of East Timor and continues to the East Timor problem. innocent lives. According to information we protest against the Indonesian army's military have received, some 28 people have been abuse of this right. In response to the murdered in these places. massacre of East Timorese by Indonesian 6. We firmly reject the plan of the government forces in the capital city of Dili, we protest to set up an Investigation Commission East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 5 November 25-28, 1991

chaired by a Supreme Court judge with painstakingly built up with its northern desire for self-determination of the East members from the Interior Ministry, the neighbor, Indonesia. Timorese. Foreign Ministry, the Supreme Advisory Since the news of the massacre reached When this question was put to Hawke by Council, the Armed Forces headquarters Australia last week with an eyewitness report ABC-TV, the prime minister said: "if we're to and the Justice Ministry. This Commission by an Australian aid worker, there has been a accept that, then it would be very much is composed of government officials and clamor from politicians from both sides of the against the interests of the East Timorese will clearly uphold the army's actions. It is house, aid workers and human rights or- people themselves. We'll lose the ability to neither independent nor genuine nor fair. It ganizations for Canberra to immediately cut send aid to East Timor." Hawke went on to is virtually certain that the armed forces military and other ties with Indonesia. explain that Australia gives "quite substantial" were responsible for this tragedy, yet they There have been insistent demands for aid to East Timor and has recently started a are part of the Commission. Even though Prime Minister Bob Hawke to cancel his five-year program worth $13 million which the government persists in proceeding with planned visit to Jakarta in February. will include water supply, veterinary services this investigation, we declare that this in- These pressures to review Australian ties and education. vestigation cannot be trusted and we will with Indonesia could not have come at a worse Alfredo Fereira, a spokesman for the East not accept its findings. time for Australian business. Relations Timorese community in Darwin told IPS his 7. For the sake of humanity, we protest at the between Canberra and Jakarta have been im- people cannot accept Hawke's argument. "We actions of the government and the armed proving significantly in the last two years, reject it, what aid does is that it helps the forces in dealing with social unrest in with Australian exports to Indonesia doubling Indonesian military in East Timor. We don't various parts of the country, always taking during this period to one billion dollars. believe it helps the people," Fereira said. He the security approach, not the social At a strategy meeting with Australian de- called upon the Australian government to approach, always using force rather than fense contractors earlier this year, officials of withdraw recognition of the Indonesian 1976 reason. We have not forgotten the 400 the Department of Industry, Technology and annexation of East Timor and "cooperate Muslins killed in Tanjung Priok in 1984, Commerce singled out Indonesia as Australia's fully" with the U.N. resolution to implement a the two hundred who were slaughtered in biggest potential partner and customer. referendum under U.N. supervision. Way Japara, Lampung, the 20 or so killed The officials said they saw considerable In a statement last week, however, Hawke in Bima, and most recently, the two potential for joint ventures in the aerospace called on Indonesia to initiate talks with thousand people slaughtered in Aceh, and industry. It was reported in April that Fretilin (Revolutionary Front for an the thousands more arrested and held Australia and Indonesia might cooperate in the Independent East Timor) which Indonesia has without any legal process. And now, hun- design and construction of military aircraft. been trying to subdue raising protests of mass dreds of families in East Timor - on top of A report prepared in July for the federal killings and human rights violations. The the thousands in earlier years - have lost government's Australia-Indonesia Institute prime minister's office has been at pains to their loved ones. We believe that the armed argued that Indonesia is in the process of be- point out that this is an important change in forces should return to barracks and stop coming a significant export-led regional Australia's position. Australia has until then handling social problems, a practice that economic power. maintained that East Timor is an internal has had such bad consequences for The report was critical of Australian busi- problem of Indonesia. developments in this country. ness for having been slow to take advantage of The popular feeling here is that Australia is 8. For the sake of humanity and the welfare of business opportunities presented by unwilling to risk damaging the cordial re- our fellow human beings, we call on the Indonesia's economic success. lationship that Foreign Minister Gareth Evans government to re-consider the spurious But Australian investments in Indonesia are has carefully built up with Indonesia after integration of East Timor which, far from now slowly picking up. Some of the biggest years of political differences. persuading the East Timorese to support mining companies -- BHP, CRA and Renison Analysts say Australia's high moral ground integration, causes more and more Goldfields -- have set up offices in Jakarta. on human rights issues overseas looks more casualties with every passing day. We The mining giant BHP has established two than a little hypocritical when it comes to East propose that a referendum should be con- major coal operations in Indonesia's Timor. Commented David Jenkins of the ducted without delay under the supervision Kalimantan province with combined reserves Sydney Morning Herald newspaper: of the United Nations, to assess the wishes of 225 million metric tons. "channeling aid to East Timor doesn't sound of the people of East Timor. Australian food giant Goodman Filder so philanthropic when you have just divided Wattie is building a multi-million dollar up oil leases that would in different We hope the general public will pay at- margarine and cooking oil plant in Jakarta in a circumstances have gone to East Timorese." tention to these eight points so that humani- joint venture with the Indonesian conglom- tarian principles shall be given priority and erate Sinar Mas. acts of violence shall be avoided in seeking Negotiations over the disputed Timor sea solutions to every social problem. boundary resulted in the Timor Gap Treaty Yogyakarta, 18 November 1991 two years ago which gives both countries the Presidium of IKATAN MAHASISWA right to exploit vast oil resources in the sea YOGYAKARTA [IMY] bed in the waters dividing the two nations. [signed] Portugal has challenged this treaty in the Chair: Fx. Martanto Gosroh...... (?) International Court of Justice in The Hague on Secretary: Eduard N. Hutadjulu the grounds that the United Nations still recognizes Portugal as East Timor's legal MASSACRE TESTS administrator. Lisbon accused Australia at the AUSTRALIA'S RELATIONS World Court on Nov. 18 of undermining the rights of the East Timorese by striking the WITH JAKARTA (IPS) Timor gap deal with Indonesia. by Kalinga Seneviratne On "talk-back" radio shows here in recent days, many Australians have been voicing SYDNEY, Nov. 20 (IPS) -- The massacre outrage and embarrassment at the way the two by Indonesian soldiers of civilians in East neighbors have carved up a potentially oil-rich Timor's capital of Dili threatens to damage the sea bed under the treaty with no regard for the cordial relationship that Australia has East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 6 November 25-28, 1991

COLONIZATION, Portuguese mestizo class called the 'Black return centrally and critically to language as an Portuguese' or Topasses. This creole mestizo important issue. DECOLONIZATION, AND class was ext remely important in both Linguistically, East Timor is a complex 'INTEGRATION': LANGUAGE Larantuka and East Timor, and to this day multilingual mosaic. There are twelve mutually plays an important role in the local unintelligible indigenous languages, four POLICY IN EAST TIMOR (N. communities of both areas. Austronesian and eight non-Austronesian, LUTZ) Finally, after extensive wars and negotia- which can be further subdivided into 35 tions, in 1859, Larantuka and Solor were ceded dialects and sub-dialects. Forwarded for Nancy Lutz upon request. May to the Dutch, and the Portuguese moved their The Austronesian language group consists be reposted freely online, but author requests a Indonesian headquarters to Dili in East Timor. of: brief email saying where it has been reposted. Colonial control, such as it was, in East Timor (1) Tetum, which is spoken in Dili, Suai, For print publication, please contact author was gradually extended throughout the 19th Viqueque, and on the border with western first for permission. Email addresses: nlutz and 20th centuries -- coffee was introduced as Timor; (PeaceNet), nlutz@oregon (Bitnet), a cash crop, for example, in 1815 -- and East [email protected] (Internet). Phone (2) Galoli, spoken east of Dili, in Manatuto Timor remained a Portuguese colony until and Laclubar; (office): 503-346-5102. Phone (home): 503- 1975. (In fact, it has never been officially 687-8098. Fax: 503-346-3660. Nancy is a (3) Mambai, spoken south of Dili and in declared not a Portuguese colony, and its Aileu, Ermera, Ainaro, and Same; and member of Task Force Indonesia - East Timor status comes up for discussion almost every Working Group 1. She also participates in the year at the United Nations.) (4) Tokodede, spoken in Liquica. TFI speakers program which works on an In 1974, though, with the change of po- The non-Austronesian category is com- availability, expenses paid, modest litical regime in Lisbon, Portugal decided to posed of: honorarium basis. decolonize. Its two major colonies, Angola and (5) Bunak, spoken in Bobonaro and on the Paper presented at the annual meetings of the Mozambique, became independent, and the border with western Timor; American Anthropological Association, fate of East Timor was up for grabs. (6) Kemak, spoken in the western regions; Chicago, November 20, 1991, by Nancy Internally, within East Timor, there were (7) Makassai, spoken in Baucau and east Melissa Lutz, Department of Anthropology, three main political parties, representing three Viqueque; University of Oregon, Eugene, OR. 97405 main directions of development: (8) Dagada, spoken in Lautem; This paper is an attempt to disentangle the (1) Fretilin, whose goal was an independent complex strands of multilingualism in East East Timor; (9) Idate, spoken in the central hinterlands; Timor, both historically and contemporarily, (2) UDT, who initially wanted continued as- (10) Kairui, spoken in Laleia; in terms of the relations of Portuguese, sociation with Portugal, but who then (11) Nidiki, spoken in the south central lands; Indonesian, Tetum, and the indigenous local changed to advocating independence; and and languages of East Timor. (3) Apodeti, a largely Indonesian-created (12) Baikenu, spoken in Ambenu (Provincial In light of recent events in East Timor, party, who advocated integration with Government of East Timor 1986: 8). especially the two recent massacres of Indonesia. The Indonesian government, incidentally, Timorese civilians by the Indonesian military, For various reasons too complex to go into while formally acknowledging the existence -- it might seem almost trivial to talk about an here, civil war broke out in August 1975, and to some extent, as part of its official issue like language policy. However, as I will Fretilin declared East Timor's independence on national language policy, the right to exist -- of try to show, language in East Timor is November 28, 1975, and on December 7, these twelve Timorese languages, also likes to absolutely critical to understanding the 1975, less than two weeks later, Indonesia talk about them as 'dialects', which denigrates contemporary situation in East Timor, both in took matters into her own hands and invaded, their status as autonomous languages and also terms of the repression felt by the indigenous formally annexing East Timor and declaring, suggests that they are somehow 'backward', Timorese, and in terms of the jumpiness, if on July 17, 1976, that East Timor "had 'aberrant' dialects of Indonesian. not outright paranoia, felt by the Indonesian decided to 'integrate' with Indonesia", much as In addition to -- or perhaps, superimposed administration. Obviously, language alone Kuwait was 'integrated' into Iraq. Since 1976, over -- these twelve indigenous languages, cannot explain why Indonesian soldiers would therefore, East Timor has de facto become the Tetum acts as a kind of lingua franca among mount a well-planned attack and open 27th province of Indonesia, although as I the Timorese population. It is interesting to machine-gun fire on 3,000 civilians, including mentioned, its status has never been officially note as well that while the Indonesian go- children, attending a memorial service at a resolved. vernment in no way acknowledges the role of cemetery in Dili, but language is part of the While the fifteen years since 1976 have Tetum as an indigenous lingua franca, the more subtle dynamics that engender such seen extensive military campaigns and an Indonesian government radio station, Radio actions, and it is these more subtle dynamics accelerated push for 'development', the Republik Indonesia, does broadcast certain which I would like to explore today. 'integration' process has never been smooth. 'key' programs in Tetum at particular hours of First, some brief background on the history The period from 1975-1980, especially, was the day (cf. Provincial Government of East of East Timor: Portuguese outposts were marked by massive military campaigns, forced Timor 1986: 81). established in East Timor in the mid-to- late relocations, and starvation. Estimates are that Prior to 1975, Portuguese was the official 1500's, as part of the Portuguese attempt to as much as one-third of East Timor's government language in East Timor, and as gain control of the spice trade in Indonesia. population of roughly 600,000 may have such, was primarily the language of Church The outposts in Timor were established pri- starved or been killed during that time. Even and State. (And it should be noted that Church marily to facilitate Portuguese access to the today, ten years later, there is continuing and State have had a very close association sandalwood trade, while their major fort, port, small-scale but effective guerilla resistance, throughout Portuguese colonial history.) The and religious seminary were located on the and considerably more widespread popular ability to read and write Portuguese was a island of Solor and at Larantuka on the island resentment and "everyday forms of resis- prerequisite for Portuguese citizenship, and of Flores further west. tance", even in the face of increasing go- Portugal's assimilado policy encouraged The Dutch rapidly followed the Portuguese vernment repression and intimidation. And it cultural and linguistic assimilation. Only a into eastern Indonesia, and for the next 300 is here, with the "weapons of the weak", in small percentage of Timorese were years, the area was contested back and forth Scott's phrase (cf. Scott 1985) -- the 'assimilados' or 'civilizados', however: between the Dutch and the Portuguese, with "everyday forms of resistance" -- that we In 1950, out of a total resident population the real local power being held by a in East Timor of 442,378, the ethnic or 'racial' East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 7 November 25-28, 1991

(in Portuguese terms) breakdown of the number of pupils, likewise, jumped from government's efforts at 'integrasi' (cf. population was as follows: 13,501 in elementary school, 315 in junior Burdiardjo and Liong 1984). European...... 568 high school, and none in senior high school in Linguistically, the Church has also defied Mestico...... 2,022 1976 to 109,844 in elementary school, 17,351 Indonesianization. As Budiardjo and Liong Chinese...... 3,128 in junior high school, and 2,948 in senior high report: Other non-indigenous Goans, etc.) .... 212 school by 1986. And the number of teachers "In 1981 the Indonesian administra- Indigenous civilizado ...... 1,541 rose correspondingly: from 499 elementary tion tried to force the Church to accept Indigenous nao-civilizado ...... 434,907 school teachers, 10 junior high school teachers, linguistic 'integrasi' by stipulating that (Weatherbee 1966: 684). and no senior high school teachers in 1976 to Portuguese should no longer be used According to these figures, therefore, 2,978 elementary school teachers, 322 junior during Mass and should be replaced by Portuguese-speaking civilizados and mesticos high school teachers, and 79 senior high school Indonesian. The clergy rejected this re- together represented less than one percent of teachers in 1986 (Provincial Government of quest and asked the Vatican for per- the total population. East Timor 1986). mission for Portuguese to be replaced by The importance of these two groups was Of even greater interest to me, as an analyst Tetum. The Vatican gave its approval in far greater than their sheer numbers suggest, of Indonesian political rhetoric -- and linked October 1981. This change in language however, especially by 1975 when more of again to Foucault's ideas on governmentality -- has helped integrate the Church even the indigenous Timorese elite would have had is how the Indonesian government itself more closely with the community" a Portuguese education. Despite their small characterizes its school-building efforts in East (1984: 121). numbers, this Portuguese-speaking elite Timor. In its own words, school-building in Despite the use of Tetum in Masses, how- emerged as the major actors in and spokesmen East Timor is integrally linked to security: ever (and possibly the more recent use of for a post- colonial East Timor, and they still "Since the beginning of the integra- Indonesian by Indonesian-speaking clergy), play an important role as either leaders of the tion, the Government of the Republic of Portuguese remains the language of external resistance (both within East Timor and Indonesia has emphasized the need for communication for the Catholic Church, as it outside) or as key intermediaries within the synchronized actions in the ad- does for the anti-Indonesian resistance. Given Indonesian administration. ministration of government and devel- how few Indonesian military or administrative It is especially interesting in this regard opment efforts on the one hand and the personnel speak Portuguese, this is a major that, while Fretilin encouraged local-level maintenance of law and order on the thorn in their flesh, making censorship of literacy campaigns in Tetum, on a Paolo Freire other" (Department of Information external communications, for example, quite model, in the brief period from 1974-1976, the 1984: 33). difficult. It also creates an antagonism nationalist leaders themselves were primarily In words that could almost have come from towards, and a suspcion of, Portuguese in East Portuguese speakers, and they declared Foucault himself, this publication continues: Timor that is quite different from the attitude Portuguese as the official language of an "By way of illustration, it may be towards Dutch, for example, as the ex-colonial independent East Timor, "at least for the time mentioned that the establishment of language of Indonesia. being" (cf. Jolliffe 1978). Public Health Service Centres, schools, Initially, one might think that the role of Up through 1975, schooling was also in and the construction of roads, etc. has Portuguese and Dutch as ex-colonial languages Portuguese. Most schools in East Timor were contributed to the speedy restoration of would be quite similar. In Indonesia, however, run by the Catholic Church, and Portuguese law and order in the community. These while Dutch was denigrated as the language of was the language of instruction. (In some of activities have served as an effective the colonialists, it was also the language -- or the stricter Catholic private schools, students deterrent against influence and propa- one of the languages -- of the Indonesian were punished for speaking Tetum, Chinese, ganda carried out by a small group of nationalist elite. While they rejected Dutch, or other indigenous languages, even among anti-Indonesians" (ibid.). therefore, and considered anyone who themselves outside of the classroom.) Chinese Whenever language policy is mentioned continued to speak Dutch as a reactionary, or was taught in schools outside of the official with regard to East Timor, it is always linked hopelessly out of date, they still understood Catholic school system, but there was no to schools and to education policy, and this in Dutch. Because the Indonesian government in formal instruction in Tetum or any indigenous turn is always linked to security. Language in East Timor does not understand Portuguese, Timorese language. East Timor is integrally tied to the continued use of Portuguese is to them much After 1975, Indonesia moved rapidly to maintenance of law and order. more of a threat. Not only does it represent a abolish the use of Portuguese and to establish This becomes even more critical in light of challenge to Indonesian governmentality, it Indonesian in its place as the new 'national' the fact that, according to the 1980 census, also represents a 'secret' language, opaque to language of East Timor. Interestingly, less than 30% of the population of East Timor the Indonesian administration. Portuguese, however, the way in which Indonesian is spoke -- or understood -- Indonesian therefore, is much more highly suspected -- mandated reflects not a 'nationalist' concern, or (Department of Information 1984: 39). Given more analogous, perhaps, to the use of Dutch even a focus on 'citizenship', as in the colonial that it is probably also the case that less than in Indonesia during the Japanese Occupation. Portuguese era, but a focus on control and on 30% of the Indonesian administration in East From an East Timorese point of view, in fact, what Foucault would call 'governmentality' Timor (if we also include the military) speaks the analogy is quite fitting, as many people in (cf. Burchell et. al, eds., 1991). or understands either Tetum or Portuguese, East Timor feel they are under a military This is seen most explicitly in the this puts the communicative situation in East occupation. The Indonesian military, for their Indonesian government linking of language and Timor at somewhat of an impasse. part, also act like agents of a military education. Since 1975, Indonesia has engaged The role of the Catholic Church here is also occupation. Despite ostensibly 'nationalist' in a flurry, if not frenzy, of school-building in an important factor. While under the rhetoric, 'development' in East Timor is not a East Timor, and they have widely publicized Portuguese, the Catholic Church was a major 'nationalist' or a 'citizenship' type program of the fact that they built more schools in East proponent of the Portuguese language and development. Rather, it is a program of Timor between 1975 and 1980 than Portugal administration, it has not played the same role 'development' through and for had built in the one hundred years prior to for the Indonesians. 'governmentality', and language policy is an 1975. School statistics have, in fact, jumped The Catholic Church in East Timor ceased integral part of that program. exponentially in East Timor: in 1976, there to be part of the Portuguese Church in 1975, Given such dynamics, therefore, perhaps it were 47 elementary schools, 2 junior high as part of the process of decolonization, and is is not so hard to understand, after all, why the schools, and no senior high schools. By 1986, now administered direct from Rome. It has Indonesian military would feel compelled not there were 498 elementary schools, 71 junior staunchly refused to become part of the just to surveil, but to actually open fire, on a high schools, and 19 senior high schools. The Indonesian Church, despite the Indonesian Catholic memorial service in East Timor. East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 8 November 25-28, 1991

REFERENCES telephone before the line was abruptly cut off members of the Fretilin liberation movement after just over one minute. were randomly executed or disappeared. Budiardjo, Carmel, and Liem Soei Liong 1984 The War Against East Timor. London: Zed Books. DUTCH FREEZE AID TO CALL FOR DELEGATION TO Burchell, Graham, Colin Gordon, and Peter INDONESIA OVER MASSACRE DILI FROM ALICE SPRINGS (IPS) Miller, eds., 1991 The Foucault Effect: TO: CHURCH GROUPS, TRADE UNIONS, Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: AID ORGANISATIONS, ABORIGINAL University of Chicago Press. THE HAGUE, Nov. 21 (IPS) -- The Dutch government has frozen economic aid to ORGANISATIONS, HUMAN RIGHTS East Timor, Provincial Government 1986 Indonesia at the current level, in expectation of GROUPS, ETC. East Timor: A Decade of Development. the results of an official inquest into a FROM: ALICE SPRINGS RESIDENTS Dili: The Provincial Government of East reported massacre by Indonesian forces in OUTRAGED AT EVENTS IN EAST Timor. East Timor last week, Development TIMOR Jolliffe, Jill 1978 East Timor: Nationalism and Cooperation Minister told Thu Nov 21 Colonialism. St. Lucia: University of Parliament today. Dear Friends, Queensland Press. The Dutch will also inquire among member The undersigned residents of AliceSprings Republic of Indonesia, Department of states of the United Nations about pos- propose to your organisation and to other Information 1984 East Timor Today. sibilities to send a special team to East Timor, supporters of the East Timorese people that Jakarta: Republic of Indonesia, Department to investigate the massacre, in which up to an independent non-Government group of of Information. 185 people were killed. observers travel to Dili as soon as possible. Scott, James C. 1985 Weapons of the Weak: The measure is a new example of the The objectives would be: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. complicated relationship between Indonesia 1. To observe the activities of the Indonesian New Haven: Yale University Press. and its former colonial master, the authorities investigating the massacre. . Weatherbee, Donald E. 1966 Portuguese Indonesia gained its independence in 1949, 2. To provide independent non-Government Timor: An Indonesian Dilemma. Asian after a bloody colonial war. Today, the information to the Australian people about Survey, 6 (Dec.). Netherlands are Indonesia's largest Western the situation. donor. 3. To monitor any continuing abuse of human PORTUGUESE BISHOPS Foreign Minister told rights. LAMENT POPE'S SILENCE ON Parliament today he preferred to wait for the We feel that it is possible to send from results of the investigation ordered by the Darwin a small team of people representing MASSACRE (IPS) Indonesian authorities. But many represen- Church groups, Trade Unions, Aboriginal LISBON, Nov. 21 (IPS) -- Portuguese tatives expressed doubts about the effective- organisations, Aid Organisations and Peace bishops have criticized the pope for his si- ness of this official inquiry. Groups - people whose credibility ould not be lence on last week's massacre of civilians by Some parties called for immediate sanctions questioned. One person from the Uniting the Indonesian army in the East Timorese against Indonesia and an independent Church in Alice Springs has already expressed capital of Dili. investigation, but Van Den Broek would only willingness to be part of such a group. "Until now, the pope has not defended ti- promise to start his round of inquiry in the The Regional Links groups of the Alice mor with the vehemence (that is expected of United Nations. Springs Peace Group is prepared to raise him)," lamented Msgr. Antonio Monteiro, Pronk told the session he would freeze all some funds towards the cost of sending the bishop of the northern Portuguese district of money for new projects in Indonesia and group to Dili. It is likely that other funds Viseu. would not enter into new commitments until could be raised in Alice Springs, Darwin, and Monteiro's statements, disclosed here to- the results of the Indonesian investigation are elsewhere in Australia. day, were made during the presentation yes- known. This proposal arises from our conviction terday of the 1992 pastoral plan for Viseu. The parliament reacted with irritation to that the record of the Australian Government Journalists questioned the bishop about the Van Den Broek's slow reaction to the massa- with regards to East Timor means that we Vatican's "indifference" about the Nov. 12 cre on Nov. 12. Although the minister cannot depend on our Government to take all massacre of up to 185 people, mostly aged promised an official statement on East Timor necessary efforts to end the bloodshed and between nine and 25. a week ago, his letter to the parliament did not ensure that those responsible are called to "I am not here to defend the pope, but to arrive until yesterday. account. It is, therefore, up to the Australian try to understand an absence which I myself In his letter, the minister, who is known to people who support the just demands of the feel," said Monteiro, in reply to a question on favor so-called "silent diplomacy" in contro- East Timorese people to act independently in the Vatican's silence despite the death of over versial issues, said the Dutch government pursuit of these aims. 200,000 people since the Indonesian invasion would take no action until the Indonesian If there is significant response to this letter of East Timor. authorities provide more information on the within the next week we will liase with East Indonesia invaded and annexed the former dramatic incidents in East Timor. Timor supporters in Darwin to make the Portuguese colony in South-East Asia shortly On Nov. 12, Indonesian forces opened fire necessary arrangements. In the meantime, after its independence in 1975. on a funeral crowd in the East Timorese please write or fax to us to indicate: 1. Your Msgr. Manuel Martins, bishop of the capital of Dili, killing dozens of people. The support for this proposal 2. Names of indi- southern Portuguese port of Setubal, said: "I Indonesian authorities admitted that 19 were viduals or groups who are prepared to par- would be much more comforted as a christian killed, but independent sources and diplomats ticipate 3. What donation you can make to if the vatican would make public its position gave estimates of up to 185. assist with the costs. on the events in East Timor." The bishop of Indonesia occupied and annexed East Timor Correspondence can be addressed to: East Timor, Msgr. Jose Ximenes Belo, in 1975, when the colonial power, Portugal, East Timor Supporters, Alice Springs, 43 decided not to hold mass on Sunday for fear of withdrew. Giles St., Alice Springs. Fax: (089) 532988 new attacks by Indonesian troops who were Amnesty International criticized Indonesia Ph. (089) 528804. surrounding the cathedral. this year for increasing abuse of human rights In solidarity with the people of East Timor: This was revealed here today by a journal- in East Timor. Hundreds of opponents of Wenton Rubuntja; Helen Liddle; Ted Egan; ist who managed to talk to Ximenes Belo by Indonesian rule have been arrested, while Bob Boughton (ASPG Regional Links); John East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 9 November 25-28, 1991

Liddle (Central Australian Aboriginal journalists (two Americans and one British) conducts a thorough and impartial Congress); Joan Gaskell (Catholics for Social have been severely beaten. investigation of the killings and takes steps to Justice); Miguel Contreras (Chile Solidarity The international scientific community prosecute those responsible. Committee); Kevin Buzzacott (Director, could play an important role in this matter, so According to two American journalists at Yipirinya School); Stehen Williams (Anglican we ask you to send a copy of this letter to ten the scene, several thousand people took part Church); Geoff Shaw (Tangentyere Council); other colleagues in your own or any other in a peaceful memorial procession on behalf of Christine Dunstan (Director, Araluen Centre); country around the world, with a view to Sabastiao Gomes Rangel, 23, a political Doug Turnbull (Uniting Church). creating an enormous chain, with the final activist who was killed by security forces on objective of collecting signatures which will October 28, 1991. At the Santa Cruz ceme- OCCUPATION AND MASSACRE be sent to the Secretary General of the United tery, two columns of Indonesian armed forces IN EAST TIMOR (PORTUGUESE Nations, the President of the U.S.A., the personnel converged on the procession and Prime Ministers of Japan, Australia and the opened fire with automatic weapons. SCIENTISTS APPEAL) Netherlands to "protest against the present According to the journalists, the shooting was Creation of an International Scientific Chain of situation of occupation and massacre in East systematic and unprovoked. Demonstrators Protest by Prof. A. Barbedo de Magalhaes Timor". were shot as they fled while numerous others (Universidade do Porto), and Dr. H. Perdigao In order to defend the RIGHT to SELF- were beaten and arrested. The Indonesian Goncalves (LNETI-Lisboa) DETERMINATION and HUMAN RIGHTS army has refused the International Committee of the Timorese people, we ask you, before of the Red Cross and domestic humanitarian Lisboa, 22 November 1991 you start working in your laboratory or uni- organizations access to wounded persons who Dear Colleague: versity to "free up" five minutes and send this are in custody. East Timor is a non-self governed territory, appeal to other colleagues (if possible, ten). Statements by the Indonesian Government in an island close to Australia. Although the Please answer this appeal as soon as possible. raise doubts that a serious and impartial in- other (western) part of the Island is The 15th of February we will send your vestigation into the incident will take place. Indonesian, the influence of the Catholic answer to the Secretary General of U.N. Regional military commander Major General Church and of Portugal since 1515 has created We hope that voices of the Scientific Sintong Panjaitan told reporters that there a completely different culture in its people. Community can influence the future of the would be no court martials and that the troops While more than 80% of the Indonesians are massacred people of East Timor. ultimately had no choice but to fire on the Muslim, more than 80% of the Timorese are Sincerely Yours marchers. Army commander General Try Catholic. Barbedo de Magalhaes (University Sutrisno was quoted in a Jakarta daily as Until 1975 East Timor was a Portuguese of Porto) saying that the mourners "continued to be colony. After the April 1974 democratic H.P. Goncalves (LNETI- Lisbon) obstinate. In any case, the armed forces revolution in Portugal, the Portuguese cannot be underestimated. Finally, yes, they authorities started the decolonization of the P.S. Please send the enclosed form to: H.P. had to be blasted. Delinquents like these territory. In July 1975 a law had established Goncalves DER/LNETI Estrada do Paco do agitators have to be shot and we will shoot the calendar for free elections in order to Lumiar 1699 Lisboa Codex - Portugal fax: them." promote self-determination of the territory. 351-1-716 09 01 E-mail: On November 17, the Indonesian To impede the territory to be free and in- [email protected] Government announced that a special com- dependent, the Indonesian government insti- OCCUPATION AND MASSACRE IN mission headed by a Supreme Court judge had gated instability and finally invaded the terri- EAST TIMOR been established to investigate the incident. tory on 7 December 1975. In 1976 they de- According to the Portuguese Ministry of clared the occupied territory integrated into Creation of an International Scientific Foreign Affairs, the judge is a retired army Indonesia, against the resolutions of the Chain of Protest general. The remaining members of the United Nations Assembly and Security "I protest against the present situation of commission are government officials and Council that have affirmed (22nd December occupation and massacre in EAST TIMOR". include the Minister of Defense. Such a 1975) and reaffirmed (22nd April 1976): composition makes an impartial inquiry ex- "the inalienable right of the people of East Institution: ...... tremely unlikely. The "Basic Principles on Timor to self-determination and independ- the Effective Prevention and Investigation of ence...", and that "calls upon the Government Position: ...... Extra-Legal, Arbitrary and Summary of Indonesia to withdraw without further Executions," adopted by the UN Economic delay all its forces from the territory." Address: ...... and Social Council in 1989, requires that According to , Portugal is members of a commission of inquiry "be still the governing power until the process of chosen for their recognized impartiality, self-determination is concluded. Country: ...... competence and independence as individuals. Since the beginning of the occupation, more In particular, they shall be independent of any than two hundred thousand (200,000) in a Signature: ...... institution, agency or person that may be the whole population (in 1975) of about seven subject of the inquiry." The Indonesian hundred thousand people (700,000), have TO SECRETARY BAKER FROM government's commission does not meet these been killed. Many others have been im- THE LAWYERS COMMITTEE FOR standards. prisoned, beaten and tortured, and many The Lawyers Committee supports the women have been rendered sterile by the oc- HUMAN RIGHTS Senate Resolution of November 21, 1991 that cupying power. 22 November 1991. condemns the massacre of East Timorese On November the 12th, the Indonesian Dear Secretary Baker: civilians by the Indonesian military. In military perpetrated a new massacre killing The Lawyers Committee is writing to call particular we note the recommendation that about one hundred people, most of them stu- for a stronger US response to the killing by the President should request that the dents between 10 and 25 years old, and im- Indonesian security forces of up to 160 per- Government of Indonesia permit an investi- prisoned and very severely tortured many sons in Dili, East Timor on November 12 gation by the UN Special Rapporteur on others. About one hundred Timorese more 1991. We are specifically urging the sus- Summary and Arbitrary Executions into the have been killed after imprisonment. One New pension of US military assistance and sales to situation in East Timor. Zealander has also been killed, and three Indonesia until the Indonesian Government We urge that the United States suspend military assistance and sales to Indonesia, East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 10 November 25-28, 1991 including funds for International Military BRITISH BISHOPS: GIVE THE order not do something about the continuing Education and Training, Foreign Military Sales repression there - of which the massacre in the and Economic Support Fund. Funds for these TIMORESE FREE CHOICE! cemetery last week was just the latest programs ($17.3 million is requested for FY expression? Because East Timor is not in the 1992) should remain suspended until the The Bishops' Conference of England and Gulf? Again no longer any real excuse because Indonesian Government conducts a thorough Wales issued the following statement at its substantial oil deposits have been found off its and impartial investigation of the killings in Conference in London on 22 Nov. 1991: coasts. Because there is no chance of the East Dili and takes steps to prosecute those "The Bishops' Conference of England and Timorese being viable as an independent responsible. We further urge that the US take Wales expresses its sorrow and outrage at the nation? Well the oil reserves and the all appropriate measures to voice death of the many mourners, killed by the continuing resistance to the Indonesian dissatisfaction with the Indonesian Indonesian armed forces at the Holy Cross invasion suggest both a future prosperity and Government's response to the killings. The Cemetery, Dili, East Timor, on 11 (sic) a national sentiment. US should publicly call for the release of all November 1991. The real reason is that the statesmen and persons in East Timor who are being held for "We extend our solidarity to our brother women believe there are no brownie points to peaceful expression of their political views. Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, Apostolic be won either on the world stage or with The US should also urge the Indonesian Administrator of the Diocese of Dili, and pray voters by standing up for an obscure remnant Government to permit non-governmental for him in his efforts to provide comfort and of a colonial past in the far east. Indonesia is human rights and humanitarian organizations protection to his people in East Timor. big and potentially powerful and that seems to access to East Timor. "We call on the international community equate with legitimacy in today's international Michael Posner, Executive Director and especially the United Nations, Portugal relations. [Correction: The Minister of Defence is not a (the administering power) and Indonesia (the The pity of the matter is that the brave member of the Commission.] occupying power of East Timor), to seek ur- East Timorese still believe that we will come gently a just and lasting solution to the status to their rescue. 16 years of tyranny have not DEATH IN PARADISE (EDITORIAL, of East Timor based on the free choice of the yet taught them that the West is a fair weather Timorese people." friend. VANCOUVER SUN) To the Catholic Church's credit it has Editorial, The Vancouver Sun. 22 November EAST TIMOR AND SELECTIVE proved more loyal, but lacks the international 1991 MORALITY ON A WORLD muscle to force the politicians to act, to match their fine words about the UN with action. "Vegetation includes forests of eucalyptus, STAGE (UK CATHOLIC HERALD) Perhaps what is needed is for an ac- bamboo, moss-hung casuarina, coconut palm knowledged world figure who has no pre- groves and sandalwood: tall grass and low tree The Catholic Herald, the main UK Catholic tensions to court popularity to join with the savannas; and at higher levels, grazing lands. weekly, carried the following editorial on 22 Pope in demanding action. Now there's a job Marsipuals, crocodiles cockatoos, pigeons, November 1991. for our erstwhile leader. doves, deer, monkeys and snakes are typical During the Gulf War the importance of animals." upholding UN resolutions was heralded by HARD TO BE A CHRISTIAN IN If that, from the Encyclopedia Britannica, politicians around the globe. However, it ap- EAST TIMOR (CATHOLIC HERALD) sounds like your idea of the paradise, it's be- pears there are UN resolutions - and UN cause you weren't staring down the barrel of resolutions. Some carry more weight than Clare Dixon, who visited East Timor after the an M-16 at the massacre in East Timor this others, depending largely on their geo- polit- killing of Sebastiao Gomes at Motael church month. Like many parts of what we recognize ical and economic context. but left before the Santa Cruz massacre, to be Indonesia, East Timor has everything Every year since 1975 the UN has con- described her impressions in The Catholic except good government. But saying so can demned the Indonesian invasion and an- Herald [21.XI.1991]. Here are some extracts cost you your life. nexation of the Portuguese colony of East from her article. Timor hangs like the last pearl on the string Timor. The Catholic peoples of East Timor of islands stretching east of Java toward have the right to self-determination, the UN "When I arrived in East Timor, the atmo- Australia. The eastern half of the island says, and should not be forced at the end of a sphere was highly- charged. It is impossible strained under the colonial clutches of Portugal gun into joining Moslem Indonesia. for a European to blend into the crowd in East until 1975, when it achieved independence So much for the words. The past 15 years Timor - foreigners are rare and even now there only to be invaded and annexed by Indonesia. have seen the Indonesians committing geno- are many children who have never seen white The bloodshed and oppression that has cide in East Timor while the world turns a skin before. Everywhere I went I was aware of prevailed since would be an international blind eye. Saddam Hussein's crimes in Kuwait being watched or followed. After my first scandal were it not occurring in a distant pale in comparison to the orgy of murder night at a small family-run boarding-house on outpost of a resource-rich country. Aside visited on East Timor. Yet, save for Pope the outskirts of Dili, I decided it was better to from a censure in the United Nations, John Paul II, not a single leader has been to leave for a 'safer' hotel in the centre of town. Indonesia's act of war has been blessed by East Timor to show solidarity. Only the Apparently police and agents of the 'INTEL' - global indifference. Catholic church and its brave bishops, priests Timorese in the pay of the Indonesian army - In Canada, the external affairs department and sisters in East Timor have spoken out had kept overnight watch and sent spies in to likens the situation to the former Soviet oc- about what is happening to their people. the hostel to find out who I was. On my cupation of the Baltics, as if that excuses out The same members of the Security Council second day, the local commander turned up to trade with and aid to the aggressor. A UN- who denounced Iraq in such ringing terms have find out where I was from and what I was sponsored dialogue between Portugal and been supplying Indonesia with the arms to kill doing there. I felt my hosts would be safer if I Indonesia was supposed to clear things up. the Timorese. left. That dialogue began in 1981 - and the mas- Political expediency - upholding the pro- "Numerous visits to military dictatorships sacre was the last word. western Suharto regime in Indonesia as a in Latin America had made me think that I was It is time to act. Can we suggest, again, that bulwark to the expansion of communism - no used to living in situations of tension. East Prime Minister Mulroney tie further aid to longer provides even a fig leaf to cover the Timor brought a new dimension altogether. human rights? disgrace of the attitude of Britain, France and No-one knows just how heavy the military United States to a quarter of the Timorese presence is in East Timor but Bishop Belo being massacred. So why will the new world estimates it between 45 and 50,000 troops. In East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 11 November 25-28, 1991 addition, the Bishop says that 'half the 09.00 Governor Carrascalao, in Youth Oath STATEMENT OF ATTITUDE BY population is paid to spy on the other half'. (Sumpah Pemdua) celebration, urges the "If we take his figures, then there are pro- youth to go back to their normal life after UNIVERSITY STUDENT portionately ten times as many troops in East the delegation from Portugal cancelled their SENATES THROUGHOUT JAVA Timor as in El Salvador. In El Salvador there is trip. a civil war whilst in Indonesia, the Indonesians October 30: On the bloody incident in Dili, East Timor, 12 claim that in the last two years, they have 16.00 Thousands of people move from the November 1991; Issued Nov. 23. reduced the armed resistance from 200 to just Villa Verde housing complex to Motael STUDENTS CALL FOR INDONESIA'S 50 men and that the Timorese are perfectly Church to take Sebastiao Gomes' body. happy to be part of Indonesia." COMMISSION OF INQUIRY TO BE November 12: "Wherever I travelled I was subject to DISSOLVED AND FOR AN ACT OF questioning by the military and the police - 06.00 More than 1000 people joined in wor- just a sampler of what people in Timor ex- ship at Motael church. There are so many SELF-DETERMINATION IN EAST perience every day. On a visit to a provincial people who came that the church TIMOR town, I received a message from the com- yard/garden is full of people. Students, as an important element in munity of sisters with whom I was to spend 07.15 Worship is over. People start to move Indonesian public life who occupy a strategic the night. They begged me not to go to their to the downtown/ center of city. They position, should respond to developments in convent or try to make contact with them as throw stones at the stores and other the political, social and cultural life of the they were too frightened of reprisals from the buildings. Someone is heard yelling, "Viva nation. As future leaders of the nation, military if they were seen talking to a Fretilin", and "Viva Xanana." At an Indonesian students are very conscious of the foreigner. The priests told me that they had intersection, Major Andi Gerhan Lantara's need to take a position quickly towards vari- received warnings that 'their graves were left chest is stabbed. People run to the ous problems of society, and without hesita- ready' if they tried to make contact with the Santa Cruz cemetery, security officers try tion to spearhead the struggle against all forms Portuguese delegation. to get close. Half of them are sent to the of injustice and falsehood. "On the same day I watched as four cemetery. Dedicated to this mission, Indonesian stu- frightened 15-year- olds were hauled from 07.40 People get to the cemetery entrance. dents who are members of the their church-run school for interrogation by There are about 500 people inside. Communications Forum of Student Senates the police. Their crime? They had refused to Situation gets hot. When the people try to throughout Java used the occasion of their sing the Indonesian national anthem at the force their way in, clashes can not be National Meeting on 20 and 21 November school's weekly flag-raising ceremony and so avoided. 1991 at Parahyangan University, Bandung to their Indonesian teachers, after physically discuss the Bloody Incident in Dili, East assaulting them, called in the police. 07.50 The last gun shot is heard. At Turismo Hotel, UN Human Rights Commission Timor, on 12 November 1991. "'It is so hard to be a Christian here,' said At this meeting, we formulated our opinion one Timorese priest. 'We know that we have represenative is ready to get on bus to see Brig. Gen Warouw, Commander, and agreed on the following demands directed to love our enemies, but how do we reconcile specifically to the Indonesian Government: that with the hatred and bitterness we have Operational Execution Command for East Timor, Udayana Military Area Command 1. We condemn the bloody incident in Dili on endured over these years?'" 12 November 1991, the spilling of the "Bishop Belo knows the church lives with IX (Panglima Komando Pelaksana Operasi Tim-Tim Kodam IX Udayana). blood of hundreds of 'expendable' human danger. As we sat on the verandah of his lives (just like the incidents in Tanjung house, he pointed out the intelligence agents November 14: Priok and Way Jepara, Lampung) which, in posted constantly at the entrance to his gar- 11.00 Military Area Commander IX/Udayana our opinion, could easily have been den. Although by nature and experience he is a Udayana Maj. Gen. Sintong Panjaitan gives avoided. Persuasion or at the very most, cautious man, there was no hesitation in his explanation at chief Dili police station. He tear-gas, fire-hoses or sticks should have response to my question as to what he con- admits that he and Warouw are being been used to handle a mass demonstration. sidered the most important sign of support blamed because of the tragedy. "I am sad For any nation or people with a sense of that the church outside East Timor could about the tragedy," Sintong said. Warouw dignity, the 'thirst to kill' fellow human make. 'You must work to get the troops also added that the anti-integration group is beings should be avoided. withdrawn." Not an easy proposition in the supported by organizations in Dili and 2. We call on the Indonesian government - in face of indifference on a massive scale from abroad. the name of humanitarianism and to the international community." 14.00 Politics and Security Cooridnation preserve the good name of the nation and Minister Sudomo gives official explanation state in the eyes of the world community, BETWEEN MOTAEL AND after the (Polkam) meeting [ministers and and to avoid being branded as an uncivilised SANTA CRUZ (TEMPO) other state bodies falling nominally under nation with no respect for basic human his authority]. rights - to allow an international (UN) team Source: Tempo. 23 Nov 91. Original November 17: to conduct an investigation so as to ensure Language: Indonesian. Forwarded by (afternoon) State Secretary Moerdiono an- that an objective and independent anonymous translator. Original Indonesian investigation is conducted, and to dissolve text not yet available. nounces the forming of an investigation team for East Timor. the National Commission of Investigation October 28: (KPN), whose independence is 02.00 Clash occurs in front of Motael Church. untrustworthy as it is composed of people 2 people dead: Afonso from youth who are from government circles. We also strongly pro-integration with Indonesia, and insist that the Polkam [Politics and Sebastiao Gomes, who is anti-integration. Security Department] investigation team headed by Major- General Sudewo, deputy 06.00 Youth come to Motael Church. They chief of BAIS [the army's strategic are ready to protest after they heard the intelligence agency] should be disbanded; rumor that the church and the statue of the armed forces [ABRI] should themselves Mother Mary were destroyed by the se- be the object of investigation because they curity officers/police. In fact, it was only a rumor, and they leave. East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 12 November 25-28, 1991

are the ones who were involved in the order to put a halt to any more spilling of He said that most of those who gathered at bloody onslaught of 12 November 1991. blood. the cemetery where the incident took place Point 3 attacks members of the state- 9. We are resolute in our determination to were innocent people mourning a youth who sponsored youth organisation, KNPI carry out actions in opposition to armed had died in clashes last week. who have been demonstrating outside violence against the people of East Timor His criticism was all the more severe as it the Australiam embassy in Jakarta and until these demands have been met. was the first to be made by a government accuses them of smuggling and of the Bandung, 23 November 1991. official about the military's handling of the murder of a student at a hostel in Banda Signed by: incident in which, officials said, 19 people Aceh some years ago. 1. Agung Narawato*, Coordination Body of were killed and 91 injured. 4. We demand the release of our seventy co- the Student Senate, University of "We are all in mourning because they are students from East Timor who held a Indonesia, Jakarta. innocent people who died," Reuters quoted him as saying. demonstration at the UN office, the 2. Abdurrahman Gapar*, Faculty of Industrial Japanese embassy and the Australian em- Mr. Carrascalao criticised the military's Technology of the Bandung Institute of recruitment of "rightists" in its security forces bassy on 19 November 1991, as well as ten Technology. Bandung students who are now in custody in East Timor. He said such people used in the police detention centre [Polwiltabes] 3. Hariyanto ...... *, Student Communications weapons to settle old scores. in Bandung. These arrests show more Forum of Gadjah Mada University, The local commander had failed to assess clearly than ever that the government has Yogyakarta. properly the danger of the situation on ended all freedom of expression and 4. Rachmat ....*, Student Senate, Diponegoro Tuesday and the troops should have con- freedom of opinion in this country. University, Semarang. trolled the crowds before they reached the Meanwhile, demonstrations 'orchestrated' 5. Parlindungan Hutapea, Student Senate cemetery, he said. by the government have been held by the Communications Forum, Pancasila Newspapers here quoted the regional KNPI, Pancasila Youth, Democratic Youth University, Jakarta. military commander, Major- General Sintong Panjaitan, as admitting that troops fired after and the Cipayung Group without let or 6. Zaharia al .....*, Student Senate hindrance; nor is it a secret that those misunderstanding an officer's order not to Coordinating Body, Ibn Khaldum shoot, even though shots and a grenade, which taking part received 'due recompense' for University, Bogor. their trouble. did not explode, had come from the crowd. 7. Rab....* Lestari, Students Coordinating A military investigation team led by Major- 5. We demand an end to the arrest and torture Body, 11 March University, Solo. of relatives of the East Timorese students General Arie Soedewo, deputy head of the who are being held at Polda Metro Jaya, 8. Andika Jus.....*, Student Senate Military Strategic Intelligence body, is already Jakarta. The families in East Timor of these Coordinating Body, Pajajaran University, in Dili. students are innocent and are not involved Bandung. Meanwhile, the press, politicians and ob- in anything and should not be subjected to 9. Djarot Sungkono, Student Senate servers here called on the government to in- such undue harassment. Coordinating Body, Indonesian Institute of itiate an independent and objective inquiry Technology, Jakarta. into the tragic events. 6. We demand that the government make There was general agreement that the in- public information about the death of an 10. Sulistyo ....*, Communications Forum of cident was a blot on Indonesia's image. East Timorese student while in police Student Senates, IKIP (Teacher Training Those wanting the probe said that an un- custody at Polda Metro Jaya, after having College), Jakarta. biased inquiry and follow-up action by the been tortured beyond all endurance by the 11.F. Jimmy Constantio, Student Senates of authorities would help to restore the country's police, the Jakarta military command and 10th November Institute of Technology, credibility and standing. BAIS. Surabaya. The ruling Golkar party intended to send a 7. We call upon the world community which * Some names are illegible because they are fact-finding team to get a better grasp of the until now has channelled aid to the covered by the rubber-stamp of the organ- problems faced by the population in the Indonesian government, to exert pressure isation in question. province, said Mr. Clementino Dos Reis on the Indonesian government, by imposing Amaral, the MP who suggested the idea. an arms embargo and possible economic Remark: Even if this statement does not rep- Mr. Clementino, who is from East Timor, sanctions, until the Indonesian government resent the views of the majority of Indonesian said that the mission's findings would help the and the armed forces begin to respect the students on university campuses, it indicates government come up with appropriate plans human rights of people in Indonesia and nonetheless a powerful new student movement and policies to overcome the difficulties there. stop extinguishing human life as a way to may again be emerging. This is one of the Foreign Minister Ali Alatas said in Seoul crush protest and discontent among the great nightmares of the regime, all the more so that the problems among youths in East people. The attention being shown by as this statement is explicitly anti-military. Timor were of an economic rather than po- world opinion towards events in East Elements in the armed forces will take keen litical nature, with unemployment being a Timor reveals grave concern at the methods notice of this, and they will not be united in major issue. used by the Indonesian government, and is their private or public responses. --John A senior Golkar politician who chairs the proof of worldwide solidarity for the MacDougall parliamentary committee on defense and universal respect for human rights. It is foreign affairs, Mr. Imron Rosvadi, said that if petty narrow-mindedness to regard such a GOVERNOR PUTS THE BLAME youths had been better informed about the response as a hostile act or outside ON MILITARY (STRAITS TIMES) economic and other improvements in the intervention in the internal affairs of the province, they might not have been so easily Indonesian nation and state. It is essential The Malaysia Straits Times Overseas Weekly swayed by the misleading propaganda of to distinguish clearly between 'the Edition November 23, 1991. English separatist groups. government' on the one hand, and 'the By Paul Jacob, Jakarta Correspondent for the East Timor, a former Portuguese colony, nation' and 'the state', on the other. Straits Times was annexed by Indonesia in 1976. The Fretilin separatist movement operating 8. We call on the Indonesian government to East Timor's outspoken Governor Mario withdraw all elements of the armed forces in the province has been blamed for inciting Viegas Carrascalao has blamed the military for last week's clash. from East Timor without delay and give the firing on crowds in Dili last week. people of East Timor absolute freedom to On November 14, Armed Forces 'exercise their right to self-determination', in Commander General Try Sutrisno met United East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 13 November 25-28, 1991

Nations human rights officials who were in to appoint a more demonstrably independent whitewash the incidents. However, General Dili at the time of the incident. body, and to accept foreign observers. Suharto and his colleagues must be aware of Team leader Pieter Kooijmans, who did not It is obvious, as the Prime Minister, Mr the strong international interest in the inquiry, witness the events but later received accounts Hawke, has made clear, that his proposed trip including from the United States. The of it, sought and received Gen. Try's to Indonesia cannot proceed unless the inquiry Indonesian Government must ensure the assurances that those detained so far in con- is credible and suitable punishment is meted investigation is fair and complete and that nection with the incident would be treated out to those found responsible. Anti- justice is done and seen to be done. This is a humanely. Australian demonstrations in Jakarta daunting challenge given Indonesia's internal Among those who called for a government unfortunately show that international protests power structure and the outlook of its inquiry into the incident was Golkar MP are striking the wrong chords. Australia may military. Marzuki Darusman. He said that the in- be the closest neighbour with a strong human Indonesia needs to demonstrate to the in- vestigation should involve non-governmental rights tradition; our Timorese community may ternational community that it has the matur- groups as well to ensure its objectivity. be in the vanguard of protest. Reaction by ity, judgement and internal strength to in- The importance of the composition of the larger powers - witness the anger of the vestigate and punish those responsible for the investigating body was emphasized by two European Parliament or the United States events in East Timor. This is no longer an English-language papers, The Jakarta Post and Senate foreign relations committee - threatens isolated matter on a remote island. The events the Indonesian Observer last week. to hurt Jakarta far more. This is not a regional have assumed a powerful symbolism. The The Post suggested the inclusion of a rep- squabble. The Indonesian military is flouting issues involve Indonesia's policy in East resentative from the International Committee world opinion. Timor and, in a wider sense, Indonesia's of the Red Cross, which has offices in Jakarta ability to evolve towards more representative and Dili. UNITED STAND NEEDED ON governing institutions. The Observer said that those appointed TIMOR HORROR Mr Hawke has acted correctly in not should have "the necessary expertise and full abandoning his planned visit to Indonesia next independence. Having it any other way would (AUSTRALIAN EDITORIAL) year. But it is obvious that whether that visit not only mean a waste of time and money, but The Weekend Australian (Editorial) 23-24 occurs depends upon the manner in which would also be damaging to this government's November 1991 Indonesia responds to the East Timor image." situation. Meanwhile, within Australia the The firm line of the Prime Minister, Mr signs grow that church, political and com- THE CLOUDS DARKEN OVER Hawke, in his reaction to the massacre in East munity leaders are responding to the plight of Timor is required both by Australian public EAST TIMOR (AGE EDITORIAL) the people of East Timor in a way that will opinion and by our national interests. It is also inevitably affect the future bilateral re- 23 November 1991 necessary in terms of the evolution of lationship. By putting the joint declaration of Australian-Indonesian relations on a realistic principle of the backburner, Canberra is Details of the East Timor shootings could basis. 'Repugnant' is not a word of diplomacy merely recognising how seriously the not, it would have been thought, become more - but in this case Mr Hawke cannot be faulted Australian public has reacted to the events in horrendous. Further independent accounts by in its use to describe the reported remarks of Dili. The way in which Jakarta handles and foreign witnesses indicate a considerably the Indonesian military chief, General Try reacts to the report of its commission of in- higher death toll, in more brutal circumstances, Sutrisno. In calling those killed in the Dili quiry will be closely watched by Australia. than Indonesian authorities admit to. In massacre 'delinquents' and 'agitators' who 'have Mr Hawke should have total support from all particular, Jakarta's efforts to contain damage to be shot', General Sutrisno has given the sides of politics in continuing to demand that have been shattered by the armed forces strongest indication yet that Indonesia has not Indonesia recognise the enormity of the events commander, General Try Sutrisno. fully realised the international reaction to the in East Timor and that the Indonesian General Try has undermined the credibility mass killings on the troubled island. Government answer to the international of official expressions of regret and the claims There is now serious doubt as to whether community. that there was provocation on the part of East Mr Hawke will pursue the signing of a joint Timorese marchers. On the day he promised a declaration of principles during his planned INQUIRY SET TO ANGER full investigation, the commander told another visit to Indonesia next year. The Department audience that the armed forces were of Foreign Affairs has been keen for this INDONS 'determined to wipe out whoever disturbs agreement between our countries to be signed stability'. More moderate Indonesian THE AGE 23 November 91. By Mark but the Prime Minster is coming under Metherell (Canberra) and Thomas Taylor diplomats and officials may well have shud- increasing pressure from the Department of dered, but foreign observers are entitled to ask the Prime Minister and Cabinet to avoid the An Australian parliamentary committee whether such hard-line words reflect official issue should his visit go ahead. Public opinion will hold a public hearing into the East Timor thinking. General Try's audience were along with ALP [Australian Labor Party] shootings in a move expected to place new graduates of the National Security Institute in sentiment makes it virtually impossible for pressure on Canberra's relations with Jakarta. a country where the armed forces, ABRI, play Mr Hawke to endorse such an agreement. Nor The human rights subcommittee of the joint a very active role in national life. should Australia until Indonesia begins to parliamentary committee on foreign affairs, Nor were Indonesia's long term interests reform its outlook towards East Timor. defence and trade plans to hear evidence in the served by officials' initial claims, after a round- The fact is that the immediate course of next two weeks from at least one witness to up of protesters in Jakarta, that no one had bilateral relations between Indonesia and the tragedy and from Amnesty International been arrested. Detentions were admitted only Australia must depend on the outcome of the and will collect written evidence from overseas after it was realised that, again, there were Indonesian Government's investigation into witnesses. witnesses. Such denials are worrying to all the events in Dili - both the massacre at the [3 paras about the (AWU) union ban on Indon looking for a full inquiry on Timor. There is Santa Cruz cemetery and the later reported ships] no reason to doubt the personal propriety of machine-gunning of 80 witnesses to those The AWU ban coincided with a call yes- the seven-member investigation team, but killings. terday by the secretary of the Victorian given the past military links of the presiding The flavour of the commission of inquiry Trades Hall Council, Mr John Halfpenny, for judge and several of his group, the Suharto announced by the President, General Suharto, the ACTU [Australian Confederation of Trade Government would have been better advised has caused some foreign observers to Unions] to begin national union action against speculate that the Indonesians may attempt to Indonesia. The ACTU's international East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 14 November 25-28, 1991 committee meets on Friday to discuss the invasion in 1975. Torture, illegal executions, The first was to the US, "since its official shootings. detention without trial, and forced migration stand is that there has been no true assertion Non-Indonesian Government sources have have been commonplace, not only in Indonesia of self-determination in East Timor." The estimated that between 50 and 100 unarmed proper but also in its "27th province." second was to Australia, imploring it to re- demonstrators died after Indonesian security Throughout this time, however, Indonesia has nounce its Timor Gap treaty with Indonesia, forces opened fire of them on 12 November. escaped ostracism by the West. whereby it exploits oil deposits in the sea off As pressure for wider union action grew, A special relationship between Washington East Timor. The third urged the UN secretary- there were reports that 70 East Timorese stu- and Jakarta was forged in 1965, at the general to help to end the "climate of terror." dents who demonstrated in Jakarta this week beginning of the Suharto regime, when This is another test of the new world order. for self determination for their homeland were Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) members In the Zairean and Haitian crises, the main in police custody. The allegation was made by and many others were liquidated by the powers in the international coalition against an Indonesian legal aid group. country's new rulers. About 500,000 died in Iraq have done comparatively little. There are And in Darwin last night Mr Alfredo an orgy of terror which, internal US docu- similarities between Mobutu in Zaire and Ferreira, the Australian representative of ments reveal, was supported by the US. Thus Suharto in Indonesia. Both were seen as being Fretilin, the East Timorese liberation group, the US embassy not only knew about the on the right side in the cold war, presiding said 10 East Timorese were killed by the army's actions, but the US ambassador even over regimes deemed, largely for economic military in Dili in the past 24 hours. cabled that the US had "made it clear that reasons, to be of strategic importance. Zaire is The federal parliamentary hearing comes Embassy and USG generally sympathetic a supplier of cobalt and copper, Indonesia of amid mounting protest in Australia over the with and admiring of what army doing." an array of resources crucial for Western killings and the hard line response of senior Professor Gabriel Kolko, a leading cold war economies. Indonesian military officials to the bloodshed. historian has written that "no single American Washington will be as reluctant to upset A diplomatic source said yesterday that action in the period after 1945 was as Suharto as it has been to upset Mobuto. For 'Indonesia won't be happy' about the parlia- bloodthirsty ... for [the US] tried to initiate Washington, as for London, important inter- mentary hearing. It would be seen in Jakarta as the massacre, and it did everything in its ests are at stake; they transcend the cold war, 'interference' and as 'counterproductive', given power to encourage Suharto, including though they are less dependable as a means of that the Indonesian Government had equipping his killers, to see that the physical mobilising public support. One can expect, announced a commission of investigation into liquidation of the PKI was carried through ..." therefore, that any international outcry over the killings. The invasion of East Timor took place after East Timor will be quickly muted. The Indonesian embassy in Canberra had President Ford and Henry Kissinger had no comment yesterday on the announcement completed a visit to Jakarta. It is now thought WIRE SERVICE DIGEST NOV. 25 of the parliamentary committee inquiry. that the invasion was delayed to avoid The chairman of the joint parliamentary embarrassing the visitors, but it is almost This is a digest of some of the material on East committee on foreign affairs, defence and inconceivable that the US did not give Timor received at Task Force Indonesia's trade, Senator Schacht, who is also chairing the approval for it. A few months previously, the office November 25 from its network of human rights subcommittee holding the US ambassador had noted that if Indonesia sources. inquiry, said he had informed the Government were to intervene, it should do so of the committee's intentions. Nobody in the "effectively." And a month after the invasion, PORTUGAL (Sweden criticizes Jakarta) Government had said not to do it, Senator a State Department official observed that the "We hope that the European Commission Schacht said. US was "more or less condoning the incursion will present its... report on the Swedish ap- The subcommittee said in a statement that into East Timor." plication during the Portuguese presidency," it intended to hold the public hearing in the The "27th province" has therefore joined Sweden's foreign minister Margaretha Af next two weeks to enable first hand evidence the ranks of the Western Sahara and Lebanon - Ugglas said after talks with her Portuguese to be put on the public record. in marked contrast to Afghanistan and Kuwait opposite number, Joao de Deus Pinheiro. Senator Schacht, a senior ALP backbencher, - as a victim of two of the world's invasions Portugal takes over the rotating EC presi- said that the hearing was of 'particular condoned by its leading power. dency for six months on January 1 and the importance because the massacre in Timor Britain, meanwhile, has become one of Swedish and Austrian requests to join the raised questions of serious human rights Indonesia's main arms suppliers (mainly sur- Community will be a major item on its agenda. breaches beyond the particular incident'. veillance radar and surface-to-air missiles). In She also expressed Sweden's condemnation 1983-85, just before the order for the missiles, of the November 12 massacre of pro-in- THE EXECUTIONERS' about 3,500 to 4,500 "criminals" were dependence demonstrators by Indonesian CHARTER (GUARDIAN) murdered by death squads widely assumed to troops in Portugal's former colony of East have links with the Indonesian security forces. Timor. The following appeared in the (London) When the radars were ordered in 1989, "The Nordic governments made a protest Guardian's 'Comment and Analysis' page on Amnesty International noted that "reports of to the government in Jakarta on Friday and we 25 November 1991. It was written by Mark unfair trials, torture in police and military have also within our capitals...made bilateral Curtis, a research fellow at the Royal Institute custody, police killings and 'disappearances protests to the ambassador of Indonesia," she of International Affairs. [in East Timor] emerge." said. (Source: Reuter) A European Parliament report in 1987 had The killing of some 100 demonstrators by called on EC member states to encourage PORTUGAL (dockers boycott Indonesian Indonesian security forces in East Timor this greater respect for human rights, and to "take cargo) month highlights not only the horrific nature political action to encourage" Indonesia's Portugal's dockers said they would boycott of one of the world's most repressive regimes, withdrawal from East Timor. Little evidence but also Western double standards: there is a all cargo going to or from Indonesia to protest of this was forthcoming from Britain or the a massacre of pro-independence long history of connivance, especially on the US; Indonesia remained a key ally. part of the United States and Britain, with demonstrators by Indonesian troops in the It has been the acquiescence of the inter- former Portuguese colony of East Timor. human rights abuses in Indonesia. national community's main players which has For several decades various groups have The National Federation of Port Workers' permitted Indonesia to pursue its violent Unions said in a statement that it would try to been reporting the extent of Indonesia's vio- course. On November 17 the leader of the East lation of human rights. Up to 200,000 people persuade port workers in other countries to Timor resistance movement, Fretilin, issued impose a similar boycott. have been killed in East Timor since Jakarta's several appeals. East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 15 November 25-28, 1991

Portugal broke off diplomatic relations with Garuda Airlines, Indonesian shipping, and cently come to East Timor, most of them Indonesia after it invaded East Timor in 1975. the Indonesian consulate in Melbourne will be paratroop members. Trade between the two countries is mini- targeted. The Indonesian army reportedly has been mal. (Source: Reuter) The unions will also urge the government on full alert since the November 12 killings. and the Australian Council of Trade Unions - Meanwhile, the nation's biggest daily, VENEZUELA (Suharto-Perez meeting) so far silent on the massacre - to lead national Kompas, said Monday that Warouw has dis- Indonesian President Suharto and protest action. patched 968 East Timorese to Malang, East Venezuelan President Carlos Andres Perez Meanwhile one of the country's leading Java and Denpasar on Bali island for basic Monday discussed the situation in East jurists, New South Wales Court of Appeal military training. The paper said the trainees Timor, the scene of a recent massacre by president Michael Kirby, said Australia will become a new civilian force. (Source: Indonesian troops, a spokesman for Perez should speak out for the rights of the East Kyodo) said. Timorese people. (Source: AFP) The spokesman, Andres Eloy Blanco, EAST TIMOR (Belo will testify) declined to provide details of the discussion. U.S. (Congressional human rights caucus East Timor Roman Catholic Bishop Filipe Suharto has not met with reporters since hearing) Ximenes Belo has said he will give evidence his arrival Sunday for a three-day state visit. 9:30 am Nov 26 about the killings to a national committee set Later Monday, Suharto was scheduled to SUBJECT: Indonesian military massacre of up to investigate the incident. confer with Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the civilians in East Timor Belo has stressed that the church would Egyptian deputy prime minister selected last stand fast and support all organizations and week to be the new U.N. secretary general. LOCATION: 2247 Rayburn House Office people working for peace and justice. Boutros-Ghali is here representing his country Building, Washington DC Security authorities earlier claimed some at a Group of 15 (G-15) meeting scheduled for PARTICIPANTS: -- Allan Nairn, New church workers had been involved in the Wednesday through Friday. Yorker reporter killings and appealed to the church in East Diplomats said Boutros-Ghali might also -- Amy Goodman, Pacifica Radio reporter Timor to cooperate with the government. bring up East Timor, although he himself said -- Paul Moore, former Episcopal bishop (Source: UPI) he would "just deliver a message from my and Mrs. Brenda Hughes Moore government to President Suharto." The United CONTACT: 202-226-4040 (Source: FNS) DEATH IN EAST TIMOR Nations does not recognize Indonesia's claims (HELEN TODD) over East Timor. (Source: AFP) INDONESIA (will check A.I. victim list) By Helen Todd, a Malaysia-based journalist. AUSTRALIA (A.I. urges investigation) Indonesia will check an Amnesty International report listing 80 names of people Asian Wall Street Journal, 25 November Amnesty International stepped up pres- it identified as dead, wounded or missing in (Hong Kong, Nov. 25) My son, Kamal sure for an international investigation into the the recent shootings in East Timor, the armed Bamadhaj, a 20-year-old student, was shot recent East Timor massacre Monday, releasing forces' information centre said Monday. and killed by Indonesian soldiers on Tuesday, a list of 59 people it said were dead or missing "We will check the list of names, and as has Nov. 12, in East Timor. Indonesia admits after the bloodbath. been proven so far, Indonesia is always open another 18 people were killed by its troops One was father-of-seven Jose Quintao to the International Committee of the Red the same morning, when they opened fire on a Sarmento, 40, who has not been seen since his Cross in a case like this," Colonel Zumarnis procession in Dili, the capital of the former arrest after the massacre at the Santa Cruz Zein told the Antara news agency. Portuguese colony that Jakarta annexed in cemetery. Antara quoted Zein, who heads the general 1976 and has been struggling to assimilate ever Eduardo de Silva, a 22-year-old student and information department of the military's since. soccer player who visited Australia with the information centre, as saying that Amnesty Witnesses to the shootings tell another East Timor team a few months ago, was listed International reports were not always accurate story. They estimate 50 or more Timorese, among the dead. because they obtained their data from mainly young people calling for Timor's in- Amnesty official Andre Frankovits said the "unreliable sources." (Source: AFP) dependence, were killed. Jakarta has promised list "puts paid to the credibility of the INDONESIA (Bali arrest violates assurances) a "full inquiry" into the affair. But Timorese, Indonesian version of the events." as well as diplomats and journalists who have He urged the Australian government to call An East Timorese student arrested in Bali visited the territory in recent days, report that for an immediate international investigation on Sunday was one of two who left the dozens of youths have been rounded up by into the massacre and its aftermath, saying Japanese embassy in Jakarta in 1989 after the Indonesian military and that their fate is urgent talks with Prime Minister Bob Hawke being assured by Indonesian authorities that unknown. So I may be only one of many were sought. they would not face arrest. mothers who have lost their sons. But I am He also expressed concern that Indonesian Fernando Araujo and a colleague spent four one of the few who is free to speak out. military personnel who had served in East days in the embassy in June 1989 in the hope My experience in trying to find out what Timor had been trained in Australia, with of being granted political asylum. (Source: happened to my son, and why, has given me a "more than a score" of Indonesian soldiers Kyodo) first-hand glimpse of the misinformation, here now. EAST TIMOR (Warouw orders killings) stonewalling and, on occasion, outright lying As pressure mounts on Canberra to take that has characterized Indonesia's initial ef- tougher action, government sources indicated Brig. Gen. Rudolf Warouw, military forts to play down the killings and the disas- that one senior minister, Industry Minister commander of East Timor province, told the trous impact they may have on Jakarta's im- John Button, was likely to cancel a proposed Jakarta Post that he has ordered the army to age. visit to Indonesia next month as a protest. shoot what the general claims are "masked I was holidaying in London when I first (Source: AFP) gangsters" on the spot. heard that Kamal had been shot in Timor, The rumor of masked gangsters is wide- AUSTRALIA (Unions boycott Indonesia) from a friend of his in Australia. All night the spread among residents in East Timor. There phone calls came, each worse than the last: Militant trade unions will meet in are rumors that the gangsters have intimidated, Melbourne this week to plan a campaign of Kamal was in a military hospital, but no one and even kidnaped, some residents, Jakarta was allowed to see him; he has three shots in bans and boycotts against Indonesia in pro- Post reported. test. the head; the Red Cross says he is dead. A source in Jakarta told Kyodo a consid- Indonesia said nothing officially. Throughout erable number of Indonesian troops have re- East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 16 November 25-28, 1991 the 16-hour flight from London to Singapore stubborn armed Timorese resistance and ter- The only official version of the events of the next day, Kamal's 13-year-old sister and I rorize the general population into silence. Nov. 12 I have received came from Mr. hung on to the thinnest thread of hope. (With the jaded "realism" of a 48-year-old, Sudomo. He said that on that morning mem- When we arrived in Singapore on Nov. 14, I thought my son was a bit carried away. But I bers of a procession commemorating Sebastio we called the New Zealand ambassador in have since read an Amnesty International Gomes's death were armed with "hundreds of Jakarta and that thread broke. He said that the report presented to the U.N. in October of long knives" as they marched toward a Indonesian military command had just this year, which documents in detail the recent cemetery where he was buried. He also said confirmed that Kamal, a New Zealand citizen wave of arrests, tortures and "disappearances" that a grenade was thrown at Indonesian of Malaysian origin, had died in Dili on of people who have dared criticize the soldiers and that a deputy battalion Tuesday morning, and had been buried there Indonesian occupation. Amnesty has commander was slashed by the Timorese and the same day. Meanwhile, newspapers in estimated that as many as 200,000 Timorese seriously wounded. "It was a mob. The Jakarta were still quoting military sources as have been killed or have died of hunger and soldiers fired in fear of their lives," he said. saying no foreigner had been killed. disease since December 1975, one-third of the My family and I have now spoken to three My objective was to go to Dili immediately population at the time Indonesia invaded.) people who were with Kamal in the proces- to recover Kamal's body and bring it home to The Portuguese parliamentary mission, in sion. I have talked to Bob Muntz, a sober 44- Malaysia. En route, my husband and I were the context of a renewed world interest in year-old official with a private Australian met in Jakarta's airport by the New Zealand human rights and self-determination, was a organization, Community Aid Abroad, for ambassador, who had arranged our onward chance for the Timorese to be heard, Kamal whom Kamal worked as an interpreter during flights to Timor and had been promised by argued. If the military was, in fact, intimidat- the three days before he was killed. My step- Indonesian authorities complete cooperation ing Timorese, in contravention of an agree- daughter has talked to Amy Goodman and in recovering Kamal. We also met and were ment between the Indonesian and Portuguese Allan Nairn, American journalists on the given a personal letter from Indonesian governments setting out terms of the visit, scene who walked between the crowd and the Coordinating Minister for Political and then outsiders should be there to document it, soldiers in an attempt to prevent violence and Security Affairs Sudomo to the chief of the he said. Kamal, whose Indonesian was fluent, were badly beaten. East Timor Operational Command, R.S. also hoped to offer his services as an Each of these eyewitnesses independently Warouw, directing him to help us. interpreter to those journalists with the dele- said that the procession had stopped along a But the next day as we were about to board gation who wanted to step outside the official road hemmed in on both sides by high walls. a flight to Dili, we were stopped by a military itinerary and get beyond the laundered They said there was a "100-meter" gap be- intelligence officer, who ignored Mr. Sudomo's Indonesian version of reality. I'll be careful, he tween the front of the procession and a line of letter and said he had orders from Brig. Gen. said as he hugged me goodbye. troops that moved forward and opened fire on Pandji Soesilo, head of foreign liaison for the Two weeks later Kamal wrote this to his the Timorese. Mr. Muntz, who was standing Indonesian armed forces, to stop us. Kamal's friends in Sydney: "The Indonesians on a fence taking photographs, saw no grenade body was flown to Jakarta late that night by (especially the Javanese) seem to have a well- thrown and no "long knives." "It was an military aircraft and released to the rehearsed script when explaining East Timor unarmed crowd of mostly young people," he ambassador the following day. to the outsider. They say it was a hapless told me. "I saw no military contact or even The last time I saw Kamal was in mid- colonial backwater under the Portuguese. Its presence during the three- to four-kilometer October, on a few hours' stopover in Sydney inhabitants were uneducated, culturally march from the church to the cemetery." on my way to New Zealand. It was the day backward and generally unhygienic Mr. Muntz did see the military truck drive before he left for East Timor. Kamal had just people...oppressed until Indonesia helped to up, the soldiers jump down and line up facing completed his second year at the University liberate them. Since then East Timor has shot the crowd, just before the shooting began. The of New South Wales, studying Indonesian and ahead in leaps and bounds. But scratch two American reporters walked forward into Asian politics and history. He was an honors beneath the surface of uncomfortable Javanese the gap. Kamal, who was standing beside the student, but his heart was in a group he and smiles and silent Timorese faces, and the grim Americans, did not follow. Mr. Muntz and fellow Indonesia enthusiasts had founded to reality of this place will jolt even the most another British national began to drop back. support student organizations and human- casual observer." Then the soldiers raised their rifles and shot rights workers in Indonesia. He told me his Kamal said he found the military rounding into the crowd, according to Mr. Muntz and group had heard from Timorese students that up people in every part of East Timor for the Americans we spoke with. If the deputy the military in East Timor was rounding up public lectures, where they were threatened battalion commander was slashed in the anyone who might present a dissident view to with imprisonment or worse if they spoke to cemetery as reported, it could not have been a Portuguese parliamentary fact-finding the Portuguese delegation. He commented on before the firing started, Mr. Muntz said. But mission due to visit East Timor on Nov. 4. the heavy surveillance surrounding Roman it might have occurred later, when soldiers The mission, brokered between Lisbon and Catholic churches and he wrote about an at- went into the cemetery in pursuit of those Jakarta by the United Nations secretary- tack on the Motael church in Dili on Oct. 28, who had taken refuge there. general, would have been the first by in which a young Timorese, Sebastio Gomes, None of these witnesses saw Kamal hit. He Portuguese officials since the Indonesian an- was killed. was found half a kilometer away from where nexation, which was condemned in several Kamal noted the Indonesian-built new the massacre took place, shot through the right U.N. resolutions in the 1970's and early roads and schools in East Timor, but asked: portion of the chest. It's not clear whether he 1980's. The visit was cancelled during the last "Will the construction of new roads placate was shot when the military fired into the week of October after Jakarta objected to the the humiliation and bitterness, or compensate crowd, or later, when soldiers fanned out inclusion of an Australian journalist who had for the denial of Timorese language in schools, shooting at people running away. written harshly of Indonesia's role in East or the domination of political decisions, local According to a report compiled in Dili by a Timor. administration and the economy by the New Zealand diplomat, Kamal was found by The Indonesians have Timor sewn up, Javanese? The Timorese say no." Anton Marti, the representative of the Kamal told me. The big powers had turned a I have tried to piece together what hap- International Committee of the Red Cross in blind eye to Indonesia's annexation of the pened to Kamal that Tuesday morning. The Dili. He was lying on a deserted road, still territory and have blocked discussion of it in picture is incomplete. But the following ac- conscious, desperately waving his New the U.N. since 1982. For much of the last 16 count is what I've been able to discover, as Zealand passport. Mr. Marti drove him to- years, East Timor has been closed to outside related to me by eyewitnesses, a New Zealand ward the Dili general hospital, but was almost visitors, while the military tried to end a diplomat who went to Dili and the doctor who immediately stopped by a military roadblock treated Kamal in a Timor military hospital. near the cemetery. Although his vehicle had East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 17 November 25-28, 1991

Red Cross markings, when Mr. Marti procession they unfurled banners supporting clear of Indonesia for the foreseeable future, identified himself and said he had a wounded Fretilin, the guerilla independence movement sources say. man with him, the soldiers threatened to shoot that has dropped much of its leftist rhetoric in Included among them is a leading analyst of him and yelled at him to "get out of here." He recent years to stress Timorese nationalism. the East Timor issue, well known in U.S. drove in the opposite direction and was again They shouted "Viva Timor Eoeste." This Congressional circles, who feared he might stopped outside a police station and directed outright support for independence by a crowd have been assassinated if he visited East into the police compound. Again Mr. Marti of thousands had never been dared before. Timor this month. explained Kamal's condition and again he was That, I believe, was the provocation that Meanwhile, Roman Catholic Bishop Belo prevented from continuing to the hospital, or the military would not tolerate. I believe that of East Timor, has appealed to the world -- even getting out of the car. After a long wait, the shooting was a deliberate act by the armed through a message he smuggled out of the he was directed to drive to a military hospital. forces in response to this political island last week -- to help prevent mass The delay was fatal. Diplomats told me provocation. murder by Indonesian government forces. that the shooting began soon after 7:50 a.m. It Sometimes young people see these issues Belo's desperate message, details of which seems likely that Mr. Marti picked up Kamal of social justice and freedom more clearly than were provided to Southam News, says: around 8:00 a.m. He was admitted to the we do. The Realpolitik view of East Timor is -- Young men and women throughout East hospital, by then unconscious and bleeding that one might as well accept the fait accompli Timor are being transported to camps. profusely, at 8:40 a.m. Kamal was the first of Indonesian control -- at least the -- On Nov. 15, three days after a massacre of casualty to be admitted to the hospital and, Indonesians can bring Timor more de- up to 180 people witnessed by foreign according to the official medical report, he got velopment than Portugal ever managed to do. journalists, scores of young people were immediate and professional treatment. But he Indonesia has persuaded much of the world to murdered. The women were raped in front died 20 minutes later. accept this kind of realism. But the events of of the men and then all were killed. Why did Kamal join the procession that the last few months have made it very clear -- Throughout East Timor, the Indonesian cost him his life? Mr. Muntz told me that a that they have not persuaded the East occupying forces are openly taunting the handful of foreigners staying in Dili met on Timorese. So long as the Timorese prefer to Timorese, telling them the Americans won't Monday night to discuss whether they should control their own lives, military terror will be save them. go to the next morning's procession. Although needed to keep Indonesia in control, and the the situation in Dili was extremely tense and killings will continue. -- Catholic Church leaders in East Timor are all of them said they were "scared", they So that is where Realpolitik leaves us, with being threatened openly in a manner that decided they had to go. They reasoned that a a crowd on the street shouting "Viva East has never happened in the 16 years the foreign presence might restrain the military Timor!" facing a line of soldiers holding Indonesians have occupied East Timor. and prevent them from attacking the crowd. American supplied M-16's. The alternative is Indonesia is one of Canada's largest recip- Kamal, who had admitted to Bob Muntz for the U.N. to accept its responsibility ients of foreign aid. External Affairs Minister earlier that he was feeling very exposed and toward the East Timorese, call an immediate Barbara McDougall is expected this week to frightened after three weeks in East Timor, security council meeting on the killings and announce whether the government will impose argued strongly for going. Kamal himself press for a genuine referendum on Timorese sanctions in reaction to the Nov. 12 massacre. explained the atmosphere in notes he wrote wishes. Several of the world's major human-rights Nov. 3: "It has been a tense two weeks in East In his last notes, Kamal predicted "another organizations yesterday gave new details both Timor -- a kind of lull before the storm as wave of genocide against the Timorese of the widely publicized killings in East Timor Timorese prepare themselves for the visit of people." He wrote: "Whether total genocide earlier this month and even more horrific the Portuguese parliamentary delega- occurs in East Timor or not depends not only executions since. tion...Youths in Dili and in other towns have on the (remarkably powerful) will of the East However, in New York, Asia Watch di- been secretly painting pro-independence Timorese people, but also on the will of rector Sidney Jones said yesterday the situa- banners, organizing demonstrations and, as humanity, of us all." tion in East Timor was too dangerous for many have admitted to me, preparing to die human-rights workers overseas even to dare to for their people if the Indonesians try to stop KILLING RAGES ON IN EAST telephone their contacts there. them. Timorese of all ages and walks of life TIMOR, WITNESSES SAY According to Southam's sources, accusa- have been signing up to be on the list of in- tions that Indonesian troops this month killed terviewees for this Portuguese fact-finding (MONTREAL GAZETTE) up to 180 unarmed civilians at a graveside mission. Considering that talking to foreigners Southam News Service, 25 Nov. 1991 ceremony, and injured hundreds more, are about the situation in East Timor is risky, accurate. there are large numbers who have decided to This article was substantially cut by the However, the Indonesian military has re- take the plunge and talk to the Portuguese Toronto Star, but appeared on the front page fused to permit the International Red Cross when they come. However, less than a week of the Montreal Gazette and (slightly abridged) any access to the survivors. The government before the delegation was supposed to arrive, the Ottawa Citizen and Calgary Herald and on in Jakarta denies that witnesses were killed. news started filtering in that the Portuguese page three of the Kitchener- Waterloo Record. The war in East Timor, which began in were not coming. Hearts sank. People could Versions were also printed in other 1975 when Indonesia invaded after the not believe it. The disappointment here today newspapers of the Southam chain, including Portuguese government's post-colonial with- is not only the deflating of many high expec- the Edmonton Journal. drawal from its former fiefdom, is widely tations, but, more worrying still, the indefinite By Dave Todd estimated to have claimed about 200,000 lives delay gives the Indonesian military the perfect -- about a third of the territory's prewar opportunity to eliminate all those Timorese OTTAWA (Southam News Service) -- A population. who had exposed their identity while systematic campaign to murder witnesses to a The massacre this month, the latest after 16 preparing for the visit." military massacre in the Indonesian-occupied years of bloodshed, has been followed by I think that was the desperation that lay territory of East Timor two weeks ago -- widespread reports of worse violence since. behind the Nov. 12 memorial procession. As including Western journalists -- has been In East Timor, nervous residents are people who believed they were already launched by the government of Indonesia, staying home at night and most are reluctant "marked" by the military, they made a last- Southam News has been told. to talk with strangers. ditch attempt to attract world attention Human rights workers who have long been About 1,000 people attended a service through the United Nations Rapporteur on involved with the Timor issue are steering yesterday at the Motael Roman Catholic Torture, who was visiting Dili. During the East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 18 November 25-28, 1991

Church in Dili, which has been a focal point A.I. SAYS MASSACRES CON- "We have a number of quite different for the recent violence, sources in East Timor and Indonesia. If I get a but the killings were not mentioned pub- TINUE (RADIO AUSTRALIA) single report, I will release the news as un- licly. confirmed. I release information as having been In his sermon, Rev. Jose Segueira called on Radio Australia 11/25 confirmed if I get the same information from the East Timorese to follow "the ways of From WORLD PERSPECTIVES magazine PO two or three quite different sources," he said. Christ" and avoid violence. Box 3074 Madison Wi. 53704 Fretilin claimed that the seven people killed Belo issued a statement accusing pro-in- Amnesty International has challenged the on 18 November were witnesses to the mass dependence rebels of trying to use the church credibility of Indonesian claims that only 19 burial of 10 other East Timorese. These in recent demonstrations. While Belo has people died in the East Timor massacre on Timorese, Fretilin claimed, had witnessed the charged that government forces shot defence- November 12 by releasing the names of 60 killing of between 60 and 80 people on 15 less students at the cemetery, he declared people feared killed in the incident. It goes on November in a valley near the Comoro River yesterday: "We do not want the church used to say that over 100 people could have been on the outskirts of Dili. for a political purpose." killed. Fretilin said the names of the seven killed The statement caused dismay among Addressing a media conference in Sydney, on 18 November were Maria Castro, 35, Timorese refugees in Portugal. They said Amnesty's Australian Campaign Director Maria Fatima, 19, Gaspar, aged one, Joan Indonesian security forces have fabricated or Andre Frankovitz said unconfirmed reports of Soares, aged four, Terezita, 16, Ines da Silva coerced such statements from Timorese continuing executions and human rights abuses Soares, 30, and Liberata Mendes, 17. It is one leaders in the past. underlined Indonesia's commitment to fully of very few occasions that names have been investigate the massacre. put to people allegedly killed. VIGIL FORCES INDONESIANS Frankovitz said he wanted an urgent The so-called Dili underground, East TO SHUT DOWN DARWIN meeting with the Australian Prime Minister Timorese who are said by Fretilin to have got word of events on the island to the outside CONSULATE (AGE) over the Dili shootings. He said Canberra's acceptance of the Indonesian inquiry into the world, claim that all of those allegedly killed since 15 November, the day of the alleged Source: The Age, 25 November 1991 affair was indefensible and Australia should push for a United Nations investigation. second massacre, had also been buried in mass Comment: Full text. Two different spellings Meanwhile in Jakarta, a military spokes- graves, and that the grave site had been sealed given for the Indonesia's Darwin consul. man has denied reports of fresh massacres in with bitumen. Please post the correct spelling as a response the former Portuguese colony. The Australian- The second massacre has been denied by to this item. based representative of the East Timorese Indonesian authorities. However, an Indonesia's consulate in Darwin stands resistance movement Fretilin has alleged that Australian tourist, who would only be iden- empty and abandoned because of a 24-hour-a- troops shot dead another ten people on tified as "John", and who returned to Australia day vigil by Darwin's East Timorese com- November 17 and a further seven on the last week, has claimed that he heard 45 munity and supporters. following day in the outskirts of Dili. seconds of concentrated automatic weapon Armed only with banners, wreaths of The representative, Alfredo Farerra(?), said fire, followed by sporadic shots lasting 30 tropical flowers and placards, the protesters that the ten who died on November 17 had seconds, from the valley where the massacre have set up a shrine outside the consulate. witnessed the execution two days earlier of 80 was alleged to have taken place. Every evening, the strongly Catholic East people rounded up by the military after the He said he had spoken to an East Timorese Timorese hold a quiet prayer service for Dili massacre on November 12. Farerra said man who had seen between 60 and 80 people families and friends who have been killed or the others, including two small children, had taken to the area on military trucks. arrested, or who have "disappeared." been killed because they had witnessed the A member of Darwin's East Timorese Hundreds of candles have been lit on the shooting of ten civilians the previous day. community, Mr Jose Gusmao, said the prin- footpath and there is wax 10 centimetres deep Australia's embassy in Indonesia has asked cipal targets in Dili and elsewhere have been at the base of the wooden cross blocking the part of its staff to investigate the claim. students, priests and nuns. front door of the consulate. The candles are "They are going for the student leaders and kept alight even during the torrents that signal FRETILIN ALLEGES SEVEN trying to eliminate activism. They are trying to get rid of any witnesses, even if it means the coming of Darwin's wet season. MORE KILLINGS IN DILI (AGE) Posters and poetry in Portuguese and killing all of our people. That is because we are all witnesses to daily repression," he said. English have been plastered across the front of The Age 25 November 1991. Byline: Chips the building, including East Timorese demands "Bishop Belo of Dili is followed by the Mackinolty, Darwin. Comment: Slightly military whenever he leaves his bishop's for an immediate United Nations presence in abridged. All spellings as in original. their homeland. residence, and house-to-house searches for "The people are planning for it to be the Seven people - one a baby and another a young people have included raids on the living first embassy for East Timor in Australia," child of four - are alleged by Fretilin to have quarters of nuns and priests. says a long-time activist for East Timor, Mr been killed by Indonesian soldiers in what is "We know that Father Alberto Ricardo Rob Wesley-Smith. "If that does not happen, claimed to be a continuing crackdown by the from the Motael parish (the scene of the we will try to keep it closed forever." military. memorial service which led to the first mas- This does not please the consul, Mr Fretilin, the Timorese independence sacre) is being constantly harassed. Rachmat Murni, who sent his staff and closed movement, said clandestine communications "The military have increased their activity the consulate 10 days ago. from Dili and Jakarta had "confirmed" the in the towns of the eastern part of the country The telephone gives an out-of-order signal, deaths as well as the arrests and jailing in Java as well, with reports of people being and Mr Murti has told the local media that no and Bali of students protesting against the Dili "disappeared" in Baukau, where 65 people more visas will be issued until the East massacre. have disappeared, as well as the towns of Timorese are removed. He has refused to say Fretilin's representative in Australia, Mr Same, Lospalos, Vikeke, and Watulari," Mr more. Alfredo Ferreira, said the seven killings had Gusmao said. Until further notice, the shutters are down taken place in Dili on 18 November. Fretilin sources said there were at least 25 at the closest consulate to Indonesia in He declined to disclose how Fretilin over- to 300 [sic] people still in detention in Dili Australia. came difficulties in obtaining news from East alone. Timor, but said he tried as much as possible to Information has also been released by cross-check information. Fretilin sources in Jakarta on the fate of at East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 19 November 25-28, 1991 least two of the 50 East Timorese students have discussed this with thinks it is a good personnel for such conversations be arrested after a demonstration outside the idea. Since the United Nations here in New available? Australian, Japanese, and Dutch embassies York is the best hope for the Timorese peo- 4) Would a demo jeopardize the concurrent last week. ple, we need to pool our efforts and energy, resolution before Congress? Or will that all It is claimed that Mr Antonio Cordoso and bringing pressure before East Timor sinks be over by Dec 10? What if there are Mr Juan Freitas da Camara are still being back into bloody oblivion. follow-up actions by some Congressional detained and have been tortured. Both This mailing is going to very few people, so group? Officials often respond badly to students have records with Indonesian au- please pass it on. Thank you. demos at any time, unless they're speakers. thorities as pro- independence activists. For Justice and Peace, Would you invite any members of Charlie Scheiner Congress to speak? NYC DEMO RE EAST TIMOR? For those who don't know me, I work with 5) Isn't it likely to more productive if slogans the War Resisters League, National for signs and shouting and speeches are Letter sent to New York area Asia/Pacific Mobilization for Survival, the Westchester activists Charles Scheiner. consistent with prepared statements and People's Action Coalition, WESPAC, and the talking points? PO Box 1182 international Nuclear-Free and Independent 6) I think once you get people seriously dis- White Plains, NY 10602 USA Pacific movement. While this is an individual cussing _policy_ for effecting change in Tel. (914)428-7299 fax (914)428-7383 initiative, I'm sure we can get support from a East Timor you'll find widely varying November 25, 1991 wide range of groups. views. You'll probably find equally di- Dear justice activist: Please return as soon as possible to: verse views on types of demos. The pro- The recent massacre in Dili, East Timor, posal is not yet clear in this respect. demands a public response from Americans. Name______Organization______You can see my bias is, do nothing unless As you probably know, Indonesia (with U.S. it's well-prepared and, if possible, coordinated support) has been committing genocide in East Address______with other parties on your side. I'm not sure Timor since 1975, killing 200,000 of the Phone______fax______the human resources are there for a demo of country's 700,000 people. The November 12 email______this sort. You'll be able to gauge that far better murders are part of an ongoing chain, which later. This kind of mobilization is certainly happened to be witnessed by several brave __ I would like to help build the December 10 demonstration for East Timor. well beyond anything I could muster. international journalists, including Amy At this point, I think well-prepared, and Goodman (WBAI) and Allan Nairn (New __ You can use my name as an individual endorser. publicized, letters to any of a dozen plus Yorker). parties involved would go a lot further than a The killing continues. Amnesty __ You can use my organization's name as an demo. There's a time and place for demos, I International today reported another massa- endorser. agree, but I'm not sure this is the time or even cre, 60-80 Timorese shot dead by Indonesian __ We can contribute $____ to help build this that the UN is the place. troops on November 15. Australian Timorese action. (It won't cost much, but at the exiles say that those victims were "buried in a moment it's all coming out of my pocket.) Charlie Scheiner responds to the mass grave and the site sealed with bitumen," questions and have names of 10 more (including a one- __ I would like to be part of a delegation to go year-old and a four-year-old) killed November inside the Indonesian Mission. A quick response: 17 and another seven November 18. __ I can mail flyers to people I am in touch The demo will be a few dozen people, Although Indonesia is being condemned with. I need ______flyers. certainly no more than 100. It's not expected worldwide, it hasn't helped the Timorese __ Please send a copy of the assembled press to be huge -- that takes a lot of work and can't people yet. reports and news releases on the East happen on a weekday afternoon. I'm proposing a protest at the Indonesian Timor killings (120 pages). Enclosed is $15 It's not intended to replace any of the other Mission to the United Nations on the after- for copying and postage. organizing, letters, etc. Congress will be done by then -- I think noon of Human Rights Day, Tuesday, Please make suggestions about the action, December 10. We could have a delegation go they already finished a (fairly weak) concur- and pass this information on to others who rent resolution on East Timor. inside to express our feelings to the dip- might be interested. Thank you. lomats, a picket outside, and a press confer- The main purpose is to energize people ence. Then we could march from the Questions from a Timor activist relating who are reading about these horrors and Indonesian Mission (on East 38 St.) to the to the proposed demonstration: paralyzed not knowing what to do. We may U.S. Mission (45th St.), or to the U.N. itself. come out of it with a NY-area Timor support Demos are definitely not my strong suit or group, or at least a network of people who As people concerned with justice, we oppose preferred tactic, but here are some ideas the genocide; as Americans, we do not agree want to work with each other. anyway. The Indonesian. mission is the target be- with our government's continued aid to 1) Won't you need a well-formulated policy Indonesia. The demands of the demonstration cause it is the Indonesian. government that is letter to hand over (i.e., attempt to hand killing people. If members of other missions could be: over, appointment request put in before- 1. Stop the killing! (I sent the letter to the representatives from time), and deliver to press immediately Portugal, Papua New Guinea, and Vanuatu) 2. Allow the East Timorese people to de- after, especially if no one will meet? want to participate, they're welcome. The termine their own status, with the U.N. 2) Why single out the Indonesian mission? delegation is sort of a ruse -- otherwise the preserving peace and supervising a free Why not also the US mission? Sound out NYC police won't let you anywhere near a process of self-determination. the Portuguese mission about a meeting? mission. But we'll do it, and the press will be 3. End U.S. military and economic aid to the And Fretilin's UN lobbyist (if around)? interested in what they have to say ... or if Indonesian regime. Wouldn't different letters to hand over be they refuse to meet with us. This is frequently Please get back to me as soon as possible required for each? used scenario -- this afternoon a delegation with your thoughts, endorsement and/or 3) Wouldn't different prepared questions and went to the Haitian and then to the US willingness to help. To my knowledge, there remarks be needed for each in case mission, and had a small rally and press is no New York-area grassroots activity con- agreements were reached to meet? Will the conference. cerned with East Timor or Indonesia, al- We may well go to the US mission as well - though every peace and human rights group I - as Americans -- I didn't want to make every East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 20 November 25-28, 1991 decision by myself, but wanted to see what sure Indonesia honours its commitment to EVANS MAY MAKE A PROTEST others think. properly investigates the massacre. We don't all have to agree on all the fine Today's Caucus meeting is also expected to TRIP TO JAKARTA (AGE) political points. I laid out what I thought was resolve the question of ministerial visits to the lowest common denominator, but Indonesia. Source: The Age, 26 November 1991 participants are free to add what they wish. The Minister for Industry, Technology and Byline: Mark Metherell, diplomatic corre- I don't know if we'll have any speakers at Commerce, Senator Button, is due to fly to spondent, Canberra Comment: Abridged all -- it will be more like a picket or vigil than a Jakarta early next month, with Mr Hawke The Foreign Minister, Senator Evans, may rally. If we do have speakers, I think only scheduled to visit Indonesia in February. visit Indonesia to deliver a tough message to Amy or Allan, and perhaps the Fretilin rep, While Senator Button's trip is understood the Jakarta Government over the Dili killings. should speak; otherwise you end up with a to be in extreme doubt, it is believed Senator The federal ALP Caucus is expected to call long list and fighting over politics, balance, Evans argued yesterday that Australia should on Senator Evans today to undertake the constituencies, and everybody gets bored and avoid closing Australian lines of communi- mission to urge the Indonesian Government cold. cation to the Suharto Government. towards a reconciliation with the East I would Fretilin participation. Do you Before Senator Evans's discussions with Timorese people. have an address and fax number for their UN factional leaders, the issues of how, and to Preliminary soundings by Australian of- representative? I don't know how to get in what extent, Australia should reassess its ficials suggest that the Indonesian Government touch with him. stance on East Timor were debated in Cabinet. is prepared to consider a visit by Senator Everyone I spoke with about this (Asia Pressure for the Hawke government to step Evans. The visit would take place within Watch, Amnesty, Madre, Campaign for Peace up its diplomatic activity intensified weeks. and Democracy, Allan Nairn, WRL, Mobe) yesterday when Amnesty International re- The move is part of a Caucus plan to put thought it was a good idea (although nobody is leased a list of 60 people it has confirmed as Indonesia on notice that Australia will not offering to organize it, the suggestion came dead as a direct result of the shootings in Dili. accept a whitewash over the 12 November from several places). I sent out about 10 faxes A spokesman for the human rights group, shootings by Indonesian security forces in last night and about 60 letters this morning; Mr Andre Frankovits, said this list exposed as which an estimated 50 to 100 East Timorese we'll see what the response is. I think its a fraudulent Jakarta's claims that only 19 people mourners died. way to get groups who are slightly aware but died when troops opened fire on mourners a In other developments yesterday: inactive more aware and activated. I enclosed the Santa Cruz cemetery in East Timor's *Victorian unions outlined a comprehensive Allan's article with the mailing and faxes, capital. campaign against Garuda Airlines and tele- which should give people some basic Amnesty also claimed a further 300 pro- communications services to Indonesian busi- background and motivation. independence supporters had been detained ness and diplomatic interests. Demonstrations are not an end in them- since the massacre, some of whom had been Caucus is expected to demand that the selves. But there is a certain empowerment, tortured or killed by Indonesian security Australian Government explore [ways of] satisfaction and moral imperative in speaking forces. involving the United Nations in the East truth to power. Mr Frankovits said Amnesty would be Timor dispute, a move that has previously seeking urgent discussions with the prime been resisted by the Hawke Government and HAWKE TO BE TOUGHER ON minister, Mr Hawke, for an 'immediate' in- is anathema to the Suharto Government. INDONESIA (AUSTRALIAN) dependent, impartial' inquiry into the killings. The UN step would be part of a graduated Last night, Colonel Zumarnis Zein of the plan in which failure by Indonesia to deal Source: The Australian 26 November 1991 Indonesian armed forces' information centre appropriately with the killings would be said it would check the Amnesty report. Byline: foreign affairs writer Tony Parkinson matched by Australian penalties, including the But Colonel Zein added that Amnesty's suspension of defence links. and Colin Williams Comment: Slightly reports were not always accurate because they abridged Caucus will also call on the Government to obtained their date from 'unreliable sources'. demand: The Hawke government is expected to bow Meanwhile, AAP reports from Jakarta that *That Indonesia allow the International Red today to overwhelming pressure from the Indonesian troops in Dili have been ordered to Cross immediate access to Timor. federal Caucus for a tougher approach towards shoot on sight masked men roaming the city's Indonesia over the November 12 Dili streets at night and raiding homes. *A prompt response to inquiries about people massacre. Indonesian student groups picketed the detained in East Timor. But in lengthy and intense discussions with Australian Embassy in Jakarta yesterday, *The release of all political prisoners in factional leaders yesterday, it is believed the demanding a formal apology from Canberra Indonesia. Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, over protests at Indonesian diplomatic offices *That the Australian ambassador, Mr Philip Senator Evans, succeeded in persuading his in Australia. flood, be allowed to visit East Timor to ALP colleagues not to force the government's The embassy has announced it will probe observe the national investigation into the hand on diplomatic measures which could be allegations of further killings by Indonesian killings. seen as pre-emptive and provocative. troops after the Dili shootings. It is understood the push by some Labor A commission of inquiry set up the GARETH EVANS: 75 DEAD (ABC MPs for the severing of military ties and re- President of Indonesia, General Suharto, will viewing Australia's recognition of Indonesia's leave for Dili on Thursday to begin investi- RADIO) sovereignty will be put on hold, conditional on gations there. ABC Radio News 26 November 1991, 2pm how the Suharto Government chooses to Protests in Australia against the shootings Melbourne time respond to the worldwide condemnation of its continued yesterday with the United Church troops in East Timor. calling on the Federal Government to suspend After an ALP Caucus meeting in Canberra, However, in a move likely to aggravate Garuda International Airlines' access to it was announced that Australian Foreign Jakarta, it is understood leaders of Australia's Australian airports. Minister Gareth Evans would visit Indonesia East Timorese community will be invited to in mid December to discuss the Timor Canberra for talks with Senator Evans. massacre with Indonesian officials. Indonesia Australia is also likely to adopt a far more has reportedly agreed to the visit. active role, including through the United Speaking to journalists after the meeting Nations, in the international campaign to en- today, Evans said that he could confirm that at East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 21 November 25-28, 1991 least 75 people had been killed. [It is unclear 3. The team then met in the office of Major VENEZUELA (Alatas denies massacre) at this stage whether he was referring only to (Police) Drs. Iman Haryatna with Jose the 12 Nov massacre or whether the figure Anthony Loyola (a student at the An Indonesian official denied on Tuesday also included people killed in the massacre Polytechnic of the Bandung Institute of that the government continued killing people alleged to have taken place on 15 Nov.] Technology) and Gabriel Anthony, a stu- involved in an East Timor demonstration this It is also understood that the Caucus dent in Bandung. month in which the Indonesian army shot passed a strongly worded resolution. A more dead as many as 200 people. 4. The team then met separately with Joao Foreign Minister Ali Alatas told reporters complete report will follow when more details Freitas Camara in the Intelligence section of become available. here that news reports of the incident had Polda accompanied by two officers. He been "rather exaggerated" and expressed hope was being held separately from the other that governments which had threatened to cut 49 TIMORESE RELEASED IN students who were divided among four aid to the country will not act until an JAKARTA (TAPOL) cells. Joao Freitas Camara had been inter- independent commission issues a report on rogated intensively every day. the massacre. TAPOL Report, 26 November 1991 5. Joao Freitas Camara needed clothes, soap "I saw press reports saying that even after Forty-nine of the 70 East Timorese stu- and other things because up to now he the incident Indonesia was killing those in- dents who were arrested on 19 November hasn't been able to get them from his house volved. I can categorically deny that. We are during a demonstration to the UN office and because no one has been allowed to enter it. not that kind of country," he said at a news foreign embassies, were released today. This 6. Among the 21 other students still in de- conference at the presidential palace. (Source: leaves 21 still in police custody. tention are Filipe, Gergorio (a student at Reuter) As yet, lawyers have not been permitted to IKOPIN Banding), Araujo (Polytechnic AUSTRALIA (Indon. threatens to withdraw see those still in detention. It is understood LPPU), Jose Maria (Polytechnic of the that they will be charged under articles 155 Bandung Institute of Technology), Avelino, ambassador) and 154 of the Criminal Code. But, say Aureo Belo (a first year high school Security Minister Sudomo said Canberra- lawyers, is a peaceful demonstration a criminal student), Anthony Amory. They are still based ambassador Sabam Siagian and all other offence? A number of people from officially- under investigation. diplomats would be recalled if the endorsed organisations like the trade union, The Legal Aid Foundation team is still "disturbances" continued outside the Darwin SPSI, the youth organisation, KNPI, have awaiting the opportunity to visit those still consulate. been demonstrating for days outside the detained directly in their cells and accompany "If it becomes dangerous there are diplo- Australian embassy in Jakarta without anyone them during interrogation. These are their matic rules which warrant withdrawal of our being arrested. rights as suspects according to universal ambassador," Sudomo said in a statement Reports indicate that, although they have principles and the Indonesian Criminal released in Sydney. been denied contact with lawyers in contra- Procedure Code. "If the security of the ambassador is not vention of the Criminal Procedures Code, they guaranteed, he will be recalled. We don't see have not been maltreated. This is believed to Jakarta, November 26, 1991 Legal Aid the situation as that dangerous yet." be as a result of representations made to Foundation. Opponents of Jakarta's rule over East senior Indonesian authorities last week by UN Hendardi Head, Public Relations Timor have protested outside Indonesian Special Rapporteur on Torture, Professor P. missions in the northern city of Darwin and in Kooijmans, before he left Indonesia for WIRE SERVICE DIGEST NOV. 26 the capital Canberra since Indonesian troops Geneva. This is a digest of some of the material on East fired on mourners at an East Timor cemetery on November 12. (Source: Reuter) LEGAL AID FOUNDATION Timor received at Task Force Indonesia's office November 26 from its network of AUSTRALIA (Evans body counts) JAIL VISIT (LBH) sources. Indonesia has said 19 East Timorese were Courtesy of YLBHI and Asia Watch: USSR (Gov't statement) killed but Australian Foreign Minister Gareth Evans said on Tuesday an estimated 75 had NOVEMBER 26, 1991 PRESS RELEASE Excerpt from Briefing on Current International died. FROM LEGAL AID FOUNDATION, Affairs Conducted by Vitaly Churkin, Chief of "Certainly it is more than the 19 that re- JAKARTA (translated from the Indonesian) the MFR USSR International Department, at mains the official number," he told reporters, The results of the efforts of the Legal Aid the Press Center, Washington, DC, November saying he would visit Indonesia in mid- Foundation team led by Luhut Pangaribuan 25, 1991 December to discuss the killings. and consisting of H.J. C. Princen, Frans And my final comment is on the dramatic Evans said there was no evidence of follow- Hendra Winarta and Rini Dwi Dharmawati to events in Dili, the administrative center of up executions by troops. East Timor exiles meet with 70 East Timorese students at the East Timor which involved loss of life. This seeking independence allege there were three Metropolitan Jakarta Police Station (Polda is deplorable. further massacres. Metro Jaya) on November 26, 1991 at 14:15 Since the East Timor problem arose the Evans said he did not believe the shootings Western Indonesian Time is as follows: Soviet Union has based its position on the were condoned by the Indonesian government 1. The team met very briefly with the head of need to observe the basic human rights as well and said Australia had no plans to impose any the Intelligence Division, Col. (Police) Drs. as the recognition of the right of the people of sanctions on Jakarta. (Source: Reuter) Wagiman, then were turned over to Sesdit that territory to self-determination. This was AUSTRALIA (Timor Gap Treaty) Lt.Col. (Police) Chaerudin Ismail to arrange reflected in the voting on the corresponding a meeting with the students. A meeting resolutions at the United Nations. Experts said that if Australia withdrew its directly in the cell was not permitted. We are convinced that stepped up recognition the Timor Gap Treaty would be- 2. The team was informed that the detention Portuguese-Indonesian consultations under come null and void. of 49 of the 70 students would be sus- the aegis of the UN Secretary General will The pact signed between Australia and pended. When the team was at the Polda, make it possible to find a solution to the East Indonesia in December 1989 allows for access those who were going to be freed were Timor problem. (Source: FNS) to potentially millions of barrels of oil in a being given instructions before leaving jointly-administered area of the Timor Sea, Polda. part of it off East Timor. East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 22 November 25-28, 1991

"It's my understanding that the treaty be- addressed ourselves in our concern to the "The suspension is against human rights," tween Australia and Indonesia depends on situation in East Timor. And, three, I'm he told the weekly Tempo. (Source: Reuter) Australia's recognition of Indonesian sover- unaware of the testimony this morning, so eignty over East Timor," said Michael Van I'll be happy to look into that. INDONESIA (Murdani will broadcast mas- Langenberg, head of Southeast Asian studies sacre videos) Q Has the United States, while we're on that at the University of Sydney. Indonesia's Minister of Defence Benny "If Australia withdraws that recognition subject, come to any judgment about the alleged investigation that the Indonesian Murdani promised Tuesday that video re- then the treaty becomes null and void." cordings of the recent East Timor killings "Australia had its eyes on oil in East Timor military has conducted into that massacre? Was that a true, fair, accurate-- would be broadcast on the country's televi- and that's one of the reasons it supported sion if they could be obtained. Indonesia's actions," said Alfreda Ferreira, an MS. TUTWILER: I'll look at it, Alan. That's A British television station, Channel 4, has East Timorese representative in Darwin. something I haven't looked into for the last aired a tape of the incident taken by A 1975 diplomatic cable from Richard few days. cameraman Max Stahl. It shows hundreds of Woolcott, then ambassador to Indonesia, to Q Other governments have dismissed that in- demonstrators marching toward the cemetery the Australian Foreign Affairs Department vestigation as a charade. We haven't yet where the shootings occurred and on arrival said Indonesia would be more sympathetic heard from you. being hit by gunfire. towards Australia's desire for oil than Portugal Father Stefanie Renato, an Italian mis- or an independent Timor. MS. TUTWILER: Okay. I'll be happy to -- sionary in the central Japanese diocese of Australia is due to award exploration Q I'm sorry. I have just one more question on Nagoya said he also took some video footage permits on December 10. Timor. The two journalists that testified shortly afterward that shows the bloody re- A change in Australia's position towards today on the Hill said that they hadn't been sults of the shootings. East Timor would leave it and other interested approached by the State Department for a "If the press have the recordings, please tell companies holding worthless pieces of paper, debrief on their experience. Could you me, it can be broadcast on television," said Robert Cribb, lecturer in Indonesian confirm that? Murdani told reporters, adding that he wants history at the University of Queensland. to see the videos himself. (Source: Kyodo) (Source: Reuter) MS. TUTWILER: Sir, I just said, in response to this lady's question, I'm unaware of the AUSTRALIA (Labour MP's want action) testimony on the Hill this morning. I said I U.N. ECOSOC DISCUSSION Some 110 federal Labor politicians on would be happy to look into it. Extract from the U.N. Daily Highlights press Tuesday drew up a manifesto calling on the Q No, my -- I'm sorry -- release, 26 November 1991 government to take strong action against MS. TUTWILER: So, it's a little difficult to Social Committee is told of "horrifying" Indonesia. respond -- excuse me -- to something I human rights violations in Yugoslavia; is also Their demands included a call for Australia know nothing about. told that United Nations must take up to act to help secure "release of all political "massacre of innocent civilians" by Indonesian prisoners" in East Timor, annexed by Q No, but they -- then I'll formulate the forces in East Timor. Indonesia in 1976, plus action to "meet the question in another manner. Has the State ------longer-term needs and aspirations of the East Department approached the two witnesses Meanwhile, other human rights violations Timorese people." of the massacre three weeks ago for a including the November 12 "massacre of in- But Foreign Minister Gareth Evans, asked debrief, a formal debriefing? nocent civilians" by Indonesian security forces whether the politicians were calling for in- MS. TUTWILER: I do not know. I will be in East Timor, have also been brought before dependence for East Timor, said that would be happy to look into this for you. the Committee. The representative of Cape a "robust" interpretation. Q Thank you very much. Verde, Jose Luis Jesus, said his Government He said it would be extremely doubtful, condemned the East Timor incident, in which even after the November 12 killings, whether (Source: FNS) more than one hundred civilians had been the international community would support a INDONESIA (regrets aid cuts) killed or wounded, and called it "another push for independence for East Timor. painful episode in the uncertain predicament Australia gives de jure recognition to Indonesia said on Tuesday that foreign in which the East Timorese people found Indonesia's authority over East Timor but its donors reviewing aid policies after the army themselves." rule is not internationally recognised. killing of civilians in East Timor had reacted In a related development, Cape Verde, Evans said the steps could range from too quickly. Angola, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique and Sao "special status" for East Timor as a province "We regret that several countries hastily Tome and Principe have requested the to special arrangements for the church and the gave their judgement on the incident and re- Secretary-General, in a letter dated 20 military in the area. (Source: Reuter) lated it to foreign assistance," the official November, to renew his efforts towards U.S. (State Department briefing excerpt:) Antara news agency quoted State Secretary finding a peaceful solution to the conflict in Murdiono as saying. East Timor. They also called for an inquiry Q I'm wondering -- during that hearing, it was Foreign Minister Ali Alatas said the into the facts by the Human Rights stated that the administration has been Netherlands was suspending aid until the Commission. actually pushing to water down the outcome of an Indonesian government in- The five countries stated that East Timor is resolution that would cut off aid to East vestigation while Canada was reviewing its aid a question of decolonization and emphasized Timor, or rather have it reconsidered until policy. the United Nations responsibility in the a thorough investigation has been "(Aid donors) should not take positions creation of "conditions and mechanisms" to completed in that matter. What is the based on press reports. This is unfortunate. ensure the free exercise of the right to self- administration's position on aid, military They should have waited for the investigation determination and independence by the people aid, IMET aid, to the tune of $2 million a committee first," Alatas told the news agency. of East Timor. year? Radius Prawiro, Coordinating MS. TUTWILER: I'll be happy to take your Minister and also in Caracas, said Dutch as- question. I will refer you to the record of sistance was aimed at fighting poverty and any number of days where both I and the that its suspension would hurt needy deputy spokesman, Richard Boucher, have Indonesians. East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 23 November 25-28, 1991

STEP UP PRESSURE ON Timorese turns out to be true, there is good 5. Further calls upon the Indonesian reason to take a similar tough line with it. Government: INDONESIA (MONTREAL GAZETTE a. to provide immediate access by hu- EDITORIAL) AUSTRALIAN LABOUR MP manitarian and aid groups, especially the LOBBYING International Committee of the Red Editorial, The Montreal Gazette, 26 Nov. Cross, to those wounded or detained as 1991. From emack Tue Nov 26 a result of the events of 12 November For a brief moment it seemed international Senator Nick Sherry (Tasmania, Labor), and other recent incidents in East Timor, publicity could lead to better news from member recent Oz delegation to Indonesia and without any prejudice to those visited; tormented East Timor. The Indonesian East Timor has advised me he and colleagues b. to respond promptly to requests for in- government promised an investigation into a "have been actively lobbying to seek an formation in relation to detained or recent massacre of demonstrators by its sol- improvement in conditions for the people of missing persons about whom concern diers, which was witnessed by foreign jour- East Timor." This was in response to a letter I has been expressed following the events nalists. The army commander admitted re- sent, enclosing a most outrageous propaganda of 12 November and other recent sponsibility and said independent observers publication I had received from Indonesian incidents; would would be allowed to visit wounded Embassy Canberra, following a letter of c. to release all political prisoners detained survivors. It was a start. protest I' d sent to them. I've asked Sherry for But now it's beginning to seem there may because of their opposition to the more specific advice, and real action (e.g. UN integration of East Timor with soon be no witnesses alive to tell the tale. intervention, reversing Oz policy of tolerating According to Roman Catholic Church sources, Indonesia; and the annexation etc). d. to guarantee that individuals who ex- Bishop Carlos Ximinez Belo of East Timor I suggest letters of outrage sent to Sherry has smuggled out a message appealing to the press peaceful opposition to the inte- might help push the Government into some gration of East Timor with Indonesia are world to stop mass murders by Indonesian morality - which ultimately is nothing more government soldiers. free from intimidation, harassment or than good long-term politics instead of ex- detention; He later made a public statement, possibly pediency and "economic" opportunism. under pressure or threat, saying, "We do not His address is 59 Best street, PO Box 858, 6. Requests the Government to instruct the want the church used for a political purpose." DEVONPORT, Tasmania 7310. Australian Ambassador to Indonesia to His smuggled appeal contains a horrifying How much longer do we have to suffer a make an early visit and subsequently recital of recent killings and brutal behaviour, national disgust that equals the intolerable regular visits, to East Timor to report fully according to the church sources. In a chilling suffering of the Timorese, the Tibetans, and on all aspects of the present situation and reminder of unpunished massacre elsewhere, the people of Bougainville! progress of the National Commission of Indonesian occupiers are said top be telling Investigation. defiant Timorese that no one will save them. AUSTRALIAN LABOUR PARTY Comment: The very idea that any Timorese Why? Because the United States did nothing will want to testify to the Indonesian after the 1989 massacre of pro-democracy CAUCUS POLICY STATEMENT Government's Investigation Commission is demonstrators by Chinese troops in Beijing's The following policy statement was adopted by ludicrous. People trying to make amends for Tiananmen Square. their past betrayal of East Timor should come International human-rights organizations the Australian Labour Party Caucus at the Federal Parliament on 26 Nov. 1991: up with something better than this. say it's now so dangerous in East Timor that --TAPOL they hardly dare even telephone contacts there CAUCUS for fear of imperiling their lives. 1. Expresses its deepest sympathy to the SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL In response, External Affairs Minister people of East Timor for the appalling RESOLUTION Barbara McDougall called yesterday for an tragedy they experienced with the Dili immediate report by Canada's ambassador to massacre of 12 November 1991; The following resolution was adopted Indonesia. Last week, in response to the ear- unanimously by the Socialist International at lier massacre, the department began a review 2. Condemns in the strongest terms the resort by the Indonesian military to force which its 1991 annual meeting in Chile on 26 of foreign aid to Indonesia, a large recipient. It November 1991: should also extend to Canada's commercial and on every account was wholly excessive; trade relations with Indonesia. And it should 3. Regards as deeply repugnant the reported 1. Aware of recent massacres of civilians in be done quickly. comments of the Indonesian Commander- East Timor and condemning the violation of Canadian companies have large investments in-Chief on the day following the massacre human rights in East Timor and in there. Others do good business there -- that the "disruptors.... had to be shot"; Indonesia by the Indonesian government including selling military equipment to the 4. Notes the Indonesian Government's deci- and army; Indonesian forces, some of which has prob- sion to establish a National Commission of 2. Aware of Indonesia's illegal occupation of ably been used, in the 16 years since the Investigation to investigate all aspects of East Timor and refusal to abide by the Indonesian invasion, to help kill as many as the massacre, and calls on it to take every UN's call to hold a referendum on self- 200,000 Timorese out of a population of some necessary step to ensure to the satisfaction determination; 700,000. of both the East Timorese and international 3. And condemning again the annexation by Maintaining good commercial and trade communities; force of the former Portuguese territory by relations with other countries is important to a. that the inquiry is "free, accurate, just Indonesia; the Canadian economy and the material well- and thorough", as promised; 4. The Socialist Internation calls for being of Canadians. They should not be bro- b. that it is conducted fairly and impar- Indonesian military withdrawal from East ken casually. But there is a limit. In such other tially, with all witnesses guaranteed cases as South Africa, China or Yugoslavia, Timor and the organisation of a UN su- protection against intimidation or retal- pervised referendum so that the East Ottawa has ruled that limit was passed. Prime iation; and Minister Brian Mulroney recently explicitly Timorese can determine their own political linked decisions on foreign aid to human-rights c. that appropriate action is taken against future, and urges, in the meantime, direct violations. those found to be responsible for un- negotiations between the Indonesian If even only part of what the Indonesian lawful or excessive acts; government, the East Timorese and government is now alleged to be doing to the Portugal, as the administrative power, as East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 24 November 25-28, 1991

mandated by the UN General Assembly to massacre and England merely signed the sanctions, possibly ending Indonesia's right to the Secretary General. Twelve's declaration. Despite the accounts easier access to EC markets as one of six 5. The SI calls on the Secretary General to provided by two of its journalists, and a signatories to a South East Asian Nations immediately engage Indonesia in direct US congress resolution, the USA still (ASEAN) trade pact with the EC. negotiations. considers the Indonesia is more important A Portuguese spokesperson said today that 6. The SI will organise a mission to visit East than Portugal. This is because Portugal has EC policy on human rights in East Timor will Timor. not yet flexed its muscles at the USA. I be raised Nov. 28 at a meeting of EC believe this to be the result of a years-old, development ministers. The issue is expected 7. Finally, the SI calls for a freeze to all decades-old Portuguese policy of to be raised again at EC ministerial meetings bilateral, state-to-state economic and mili- appeasement and servility towards the before the final decision at Maastricht. tary assistance to the government of USA. Cavaco Silva was in Brussels for talks with Indonesia. I can not accept that, in view of this situation, Lubbers and president of the European Remark: The barrage of criticism from the USA remains totally hypocritical. This commission Jacques Delors on the proposed abroad has simply grown far beyond the ca- is a sign, above all a symptom of a Maastricht agreements on political and pacity of Indonesia's diplomats to respond. contempt for Portugal, not to say for East monetary union. They are, in fact, generally not responding in Timor. I believe it is time that Portugal In January, Portugal takes over from the public. Given the high priority afforded East reacted very firmly. Netherlands as president of the EC for the Timor in Indonesian diplomacy, this suggests BRIOTE: Jakarta's Commission of Inquiry first time since joining in 1986. Silva told an intellectual breakdown within Indonesia's into the Dili massacre has been targeted journalists today that the Portuguese presi- foreign affairs apparatus far exceeding any- strong protest. A group of Portuguese ju- dency would give a great deal of attention to thing seen earlier in international forums. In rists has already called for it to be wound- extending the EC's relations with the devel- short, the smug self-confidence and arrogance up for lack of credibility. According to J.R oping world during its presidency. "1992 is a of Indonesian diplomats has been shattered as Horta, Jakarta does not listen to the special year," he said. "We will celebrate the the situation has grown beyond rhetorical demands, it will continue with its policy of two worlds, old and new. We must promote control. arrogance because it knows it will be the EC's relations with the South, Maghreb, echoed by London and Washington. Southern Africa and Latin America. Portugal --John MacDougall has very special relations with the rest of the HORTA: Jakarta's response will display the world." "We want to express solidarity and INTERVIEW WITH JOSE same arrogance because it will be echoed by promote respect for human rights." RAMOS HORTA (PORTUGUESE Washington and London, its two largest providers of armament, and so far we have RADIO) INFILTRATORS PROVOKED not heard any criticism from the United Briote, Portuguese Radio, Nov 26 1991 Kingdom or the USA. TIMOR MASSACRE, SAYS (IPS) BRIOTE: The situation is very tense in ALATAS PORTUGUESE PREMIER Timor. The situation is expected to dete- CARACAS, Nov. 26 (IPS) -- "The tragedy riorate in the next few days. Jose Ramos WANTS E.C. ACTION AG AINST in East Timor was due to provocations against Horta, spokesman for the timorese resis- INDONESIA (IPS) the army by a group of infiltrators" among tance spoke to RDP1 to night. demonstrators commemorating someone's HORTA:Indirect reports arriving via Bali say BRUSSELS, Nov. 26 (IPS) -- Portuguese death, according to Indonesian Foreign intense military operations are being carried Prime Minister Anibal Cavaco Silva has urged Minister Ali Alatas, who is accompanying out close to the border and in the eastern the European Community (EC) to take President Suharto on his official visit to side of the island, in the Los Palos region. measures against Indonesia for violations of Venezuela. Several additional battalions have been human rights in East Timor. "We cannot ig- Speaking at a press conference, Alatas said brought into the territory. I believe there nore the atrocities in East Timor," Cavaco Indonesia "deeply regretted the accident" and are at the moment 30000 men, deployed in Silva told journalists following meeting today viewed the incident as a setback to the all administrative regions, strategic regions, with current European Community president, progress achieved in East Timor. backed by helicopters and armoured cars. Dutch Premier . Alatas described as "exaggerated" foreign The offensive against the resistance which "It is not just a Portuguese problem. It press reports claiming the army had we had forecast a few days ago, have been concerns the whole of the international "massacred" 19 people in a funeral procession launched although not on a major scale as it community," he added. The United Nations at the Santa Cruz cemetery on Nov. 12. was feared. But this is expected to happen gave Portugal special responsibility for East A Timor resistance group claims that 183 in the next few days. A number of Timor following the Indonesian invasion of people died in the massacre, while a film of offensive, some considerable operations, 1975 and the mass killings that followed. the incident, which was secretly smuggled out have already started in the Los Palos Cavaco Silva said he expected "a firm con- of Timor, shows the number of victims to be region. demnation" of Indonesia from the Dec. 9-10 much higher than official figures. BRIOTE: There are more reports of violence. Maastricht summit of EC states. The Indonesian foreign minister described Since the Dili massacre there have been a Following an army massacre in East Timor international reactions as hasty, and said his further three massacres, 97 Timorese have two weeks ago, Portugal requested all country had "hoped that those governments been killed. The reports of violence run Portuguese companies to cut trade with who have condemned the incident would wait parallel with diplomatic efforts, which are Indonesia. Portugal's diplomatic links were cut until the facts had been investigated." He said being welcomed in Timor. But according to in 1975. a special commission would begin an "in situ" Ramos Horta, they are not enough. Much But Cavaco Silva wouldn't comment on the investigation of the incident today and added depends on the USA and Great Britain, kind of EC sanctions he wants brought that President Suharto's government does not who so far have not taken a clear stance on against Indonesia. The Netherlands -- like endorse the army's action. Timor. Portugal, former colonial rulers on the island -- The foreign minister spoke on behalf of HORTA: The USA and Great Britain, froze development aid to Indonesia after the Indonesian President Suharto, who has refused Portugal's major allies, strategic allies, have shootings. all contacts with the press since his arrival in been the least receptive to this tragedy. The options include an EC arms export Venezuela Nov. 24. Hitherto the USA has not condemned the ban, freezing of EC development aid and trade East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 25 November 25-28, 1991

Suharto is currently on his most extensive important position of Deputy Chief of Staff science at Universitas Nasional (Jakarta). foreign tour since he took power in 1967. of the Army, allowing Suharto's favoured 1968: Started work in Foreign Affairs After an official two-day visit, he will attend candidate, Maj Gen Wismoyo Aris Munandar Department. 1973-77: Served in Syria 1979- the three-day summit of the group of 15 de- to take it as a step on the way to Army Chief 84: member of Indonesia's permanent mission veloping countries, which begins in Caracas of Staff and from there by some route to the at the United Nations in New York 1986-90: tomorrow. presidency. If anyone is able to read any member of Indonesia's permanent mission at After an initial silence, Western govern- particular significance into the composition of the United Nations in Geneva. Now the ments were forced to condemn the massacre the team, or has additional information about Director of International Organisations following international public outrage at the these individuals, please post it as a response [Direktur Organisasi Internasional] in Foreign incident. to this topic. Affairs. Since the East Timor case [massacre], Alatas denied that the massacre victims Most of the information here is from an he has often come home from work late at were funeral mourners and said they were article in the Jakarta newspaper Berita Buana night, said his son. Been involved with East demonstrators commemorating someone's (19 Nov). Timor, at least indirectly, since 1978, when he death. "The villagers who were attending a served in Indonesia's Permanent Mission to Catholic mass decided to continue with the HARISOEGIMAN the UN. "At that time I was involved with ceremony at the cemetery. On the way, they Brigadier-General, Army. (Ret.) Born Carrascalao'. 'It is a fairly heavy duty' said the were joined by a number of agitators who Ngawi, East Java. 17 Sep 1931 ?: Attended father of four. It just so happened I was started throwing stones at nearby houses," he Intelligence Training School in the Philippines currently handling the East Timor problem' he said. 78-84: Personal Assistant to Kopkamtib said. Has been to East Timor 4 or 5 times, "Then, an army major dressed in civilian [Internal Security] Commander Admiral most recently March 91 with Alatas. Got to clothes asked them to continue their march Sudomo (in the intelligence and politics know Carrascalao well, and also knows Belo peacefully. This man was knifed twice and sections, where he says he learned lot about (less well). one of his assistants was cut with a machete," politics) 84-: Director-General for Social and Alatas continued. He said the demonstrators Political Affairs, Department of the Interior. BEN MANG RENG SAY marched to the cemetery where a group of 88?-: Member of DPR (national legislature) Born Flores, 15 July 1928. Catholic. 1956: infiltrators tried to break through the army (Golkar member) 91: Appointed as Chairman Graduated from Gadjah Mada University in cordon around the mourners and launched a of the Panitia Penelitian Pusat [Central Yogyakarta (Political and Social Sciences). hand grenade. Investigation Committee] of the Komite 1965: he was a senior Foreign Affairs man. "The commission will investigate these Penelitian Nasional [National Investigation Has been Indonesian ambassador in Portugal events and I do not wish to anticipate their Committee] [November] In this position he and Mexico. 1968-71: Vice Chairman of the findings," Alatas said. has the power to delegate certain duties to MPRGR (Super Parliament). 1972?: One of He categorically" denied that his go- people. Vowed to pursue the investigation founders of Indonesian Democratic Party vernment had been killing those arrested objectively. Asked about the possibility that (PDI). Now Vice Chairman of the Supreme during the "accident" and said all prisoners there was blame on the Indonesian side, he Advisory Council (DPA). Daughter describes would soon be brought to trial. said 'Ya, that doesn't need to be answered yet.' him as 'reserved' [tertutup] - never discusses Alatas accused the foreign media of making Still too early. Said that when he was a soldier work at home. Never been to East Timor, but a scandal out of a tragedy and he repeatedly he went to East Timor many times. [Also] has followed it closely as he was ambassador called on journalists to "balance" their reports. went there three or four times as Director to Portugal. General of Social and Political Affairs. SUMITRO THE MASSACRE INQUIRY ANTON SUYATA (Rear Admiral) Inspector General of the Born Yogyakarta. Law graduate. Has Armed Forces. (No information) COMMITTEE (DAVID BOURC) worked as the Kepala Perwakilan Kejaksaan peg:dbourc Nov 27, 1991 [Chief Representative of the Attorney ASIA WATCH DEMANDS General's Office] in the Hong Kong Consulate, RELEASE OF TIMORESE Listed below is some information about the the Regional Prosecutor's Office in Bogor and six members of the National Investigation since about Nov 1990 has worked as a General PROTESTORS Committee [Komite Penyelidikan Nasional] Inspector [Inspektur Umum] in the Justice formed to investigate the Dili killings of 12 Department. Press Release from Asia Watch, Nov. 27 November. It is headed by Maj Gen (Ret) Asia Watch today released the names of 21 Djaelani, whose career was detailed in a CLEMENTINO DOS REIS AMARAL East Timorese students being held in the previous posting. Born Viqueque, East Timor. 9 July 1940. Metropolitan Jakarta Police Station accused of All of the members have made their careers ?-73: Camat/kepala polisi [subdistrict spreading feelings of "hatred or enmity" within the state and remain more or less head/police chief - probably means Chefe de toward the Indonesian government for having beholden to it. There is little reason to hope Posto] 1973: Wakil Bupati Kabupaten Baucau taken part in a demonstration on November that they will produce anything like a full and [Portuguese equivalent] 1988?- Member of 19. The students are being denied access to honest account of what happened. On one DPR (National Legislature) Said the inquiry counsel and police officials say they are being level the inquiry will be a simple cover-up. had to be honest and just in the interests of "intensively interrogated" -- a phrase which But it will be very interesting to see how the the East Timorese people. 'If there are often indicates physical abuse or torture. blame is apportioned and what the political members of ABRI who did wrong then they The demonstration took place to protest fall-out will be. This in turn will depend on must be punished'. Admitted to Berita Buana the killings in East Timor on November 12 by who is able to determine the outcome of the that 'Though neutral, I am in my heart the Indonesian army in which an estimated 75- inquiry. sympathetic to UDT'. Said to know the 'ins 100 people died. Marchers gathered at about According to a well-informed source in and outs' of East Timor. Speaks Portuguese, 10:30 a.m. in front of a United Nations Jakarta (close to both the President and to Spanish, English and Tetun. Eldest child (23) building in Jakarta, and marched passed the Defence Minister Benny Murdani) the blame is being educated in Miami. embassies of the Soviet Union, Japan, Britain might be sheeted home (though perhaps not HADIA WAYARABI ALHADAR and Australia, under the watchful eyes of publicly) to Udayana regional commander Maj security forces. Gen Sintong Panjaitan, who could then be Born Halmahera (Moluccas) 1942. Moved They carried banners, some of which read, knocked out of the race for the strategically to Ternate at high school age. Studied political East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 26 November 25-28, 1991

-- THE MASS MURDER ON NOVEMBER immediately and unconditionally. It also notes all aspects of East Timor, including the killings 12 WAS ONLY A SMALL PART OF that the Indonesian government has violated of East Timorese by Indonesian security THE MASS MURDER CARRIED OUT domestic and international law by preventing forces. FOR THE LAST 16 YEARS [a reference them from having access to counsel and For the first time, Senator Evans has given to the more than 100,000 who died in East family. a detailed estimate of the number of dead and Timor in the years following the Indonesian wounded. The Government's "best guess" was invasion of 1975] JAKARTA-CANBERRA LINKS that about 75 had died. There were 89 -- INDEPENDENCE IS THE RIGHT OF STRAINED (AGE) wounded in hospital, two or three of them still ALL PEOPLES, WHERE ARE OUR in critical condition. Others in hiding were RIGHTS? known to be wounded. Confusion over threat to withdraw all -- BETTER DEATH THAN Senator Evans dismissed reports of suc- INTEGRATION ["integration" is the word diplomats if harassment continues cessive massacres after 12 November in Dili. used by the Indonesians to describe the The Age, Melbourne, Front Page Article, 27 "I can frankly say that we have no evidence invasion and annexation of East Timor as November 1991. By Mark Metherell, from any source to give support to those Indonesia's 27th province] Diplomatic Correspondent, Canberra claims." Though the caucus agreed without dissent -- WHERE ARE THE CORPSES? Australia's relations with Indonesia were in to a strongly worded resolution, differences Shortly after noon, in front of the Hotel confusion last night after an Indonesian emerged between some members and Senator Indonesia, the security forces broke up the minister's threat to withdraw all diplomats Evans about the resolution's call for the demonstration with force and loaded some 70 from Australia if harassment against them Government to take active steps to explore a demonstrators on to a truck and took them continued "at a dangerous level." role for the United Nations in the East Timor away. But the acting Foreign Minister in Jakarta, dispute. The Indonesian government initially denied General Benny Murdani, denied the threat in Senator Evans described the question of that anyone was detained. It was not until talks with the Australian ambassador there, UN involvement as delicate, given Australia's November 27, over a week later, that the Mr Philip Flood, an Australian spokesman recognition of Indonesia's incorporation of government acknowledged the detentions, said here last night. East Timor. releasing 42 and keeping 21 others in custody. Earlier last night, the Indonesian embassy "We would be looking to be satisfying the They are expected to be charged under Article in Canberra issued a statement quoting the needs and aspirations of the East Timorese 154 and 155 of the Criminal Code, spreading powerful Cabinet minister Admiral Sudomo as people by steps short of opening up the feelings of hatred or enmity toward the threatening the withdrawal of Indonesian whole question of sovereignty." government, which carries a maximum penalty diplomats. But Mr Garrie Gibson, a Left-wing MP of seven years. The Sudomo statement, which the embassy who was involved in drafting the caucus Those still detained are as follows: said was made on Monday, was issued only resolution, said: "Everybody knows what the STUDENT UNIVERSITY hours after the Australian Foreign Minister, needs and aspirations of the East Timorese Joao Freitas Camara unknown Senator Evans, announced plans to visit are. They want independence." Benevides C. Barrol Satya Wacana, Salatiga Indonesia to seek reconciliation between Senator Evans said this was a "slightly Domingos Barreto Atmajaya, Jakarta Indonesia and East Timor. robust interpretation of what's involved here." Metodio Muniz Diponegoro, Semarang Admiral Sudomo accused a picket of The caucus held its fire on seeking sanc- Francisco Vasco Ramoa; Atmajaya, Jakarta Fretilin supporters and ALP Left-wingers of tions against Indonesia, such as the suspen- Joselius De Oliveira API, Yogyakarta forcing consulate staff in Darwin to use the sion of military training programs, saying that Sergio Dias Q Atmajaya, Jakarta consul's residence as a temporary office. these contacts would be reviewed if the Judio da Costa IKIP Santa Fretilin supporters had threatened the lives on investigation of the Dili killings is unsatis- Dharma,Yogyakarta Indonesian diplomats, damaged a car, smashed factory. Antonio Lopez IPI, Malang a consulate window and cut electricity and Senator Evans is expected to visit Jakarta Virgilio Nat'l Inst. of telephone lines to the consulate, he said. for two or three days around 18th December Technology, Malang Admiral Sudomo, Minister Coordinator for on his way back from Cambodia. Antonio Soares Malang Political and Security Affairs, was quoted in Felipe da Silva Ikopin, Bandung the statement as saying: "If the disturbances ... TIMOR VOTE PUTS EVAN S ON Joao Sarmento Polytechnic, ITB, continue at a dangerous level, then the (AGE EDITORIAL) Bandung Indonesian ambassador for Australia, Sabam THE LINE Fausto Berhading IKOPIN, Bandung Siagian, together with all Indonesian Melbourne, 27 November 1991 Joao Travolta Udayana, Den Pasar diplomats, will be recalled to Indonesia." Agapito C. Udayana, Den Pasar An Australian Government spokesman said Yesterday's resolution on East Timor by Gregorio de Araujo LPPU, ITB, Bandung Mr Flood had raised the issue with General the federal caucus suggests that Canberra is Jose Maria Belo Polytechnic, ITB, Murdani, who had said his government had no getting the message about the depth of the Bandung plans to withdraw the diplomats. Australian people's shock at the Santa Cruz Avelino Maria Satya Gama, Jakarta A spokesman for Senator Evans said last massacre and the instinctive feeling that it is Mario Canecas Surabaya night: "We are playing it down." Admiral time the Government stood up to Jakarta on Egas Q. Monteiro Surabaya Sudomo's statement had not been referred to human rights. The resolution was given added weight because Mr Hawke and Mr Evans Joao Camaro is apparently being kept in by the Indonesian ambassador, Mr Sabam Siagian, in talks with Senator Evans earlier in voted for it, although one interpretation is that isolation from the others. According to the they did so to head off something even Legal Institute Foundation, he has not had a the evening. Mr Siagian had referred to disruption of stronger. Interpretations aside, the signal sent change of clothes or soap since he was ar- to Jakarta must be forthright and un- rested, and no one can go into his house to get Indonesian missions, but not in "anything like the stark terms" used by General Sudomo, the ambiguous: Australia values good relations but additional clothing for him as security forces it will not stand silent and inactive in the face have prevented anyone from entering it. spokesman said. Admiral Sudomo tempered his statement by concluding: "We don't see the of outrages of the kind perpetrated on 12 As all 21 were arrested for peacefully ex- November, made worse by statements from ercising their rights to freedom of expression situation as dangerous yet." The federal ALP caucus yesterday called the military that they would, in effect, do it all and freedom of assembly, Asia Watch calls on again. The resolution echoes the Government's the Indonesian government to release them on Senator Evans to visit Indonesia to discuss East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 27 November 25-28, 1991 initial reaction to the shootings: condemnation I was asked if I would receive a call from and kill them." After that "they take the of the killings; "repugnance" at General Try Denpasar, Bali, and pay the charges. bodies to the cars." Sutrisno's reported matter-of-fact reaction; the Mystified, I agreed and then heard a familiar I explained that we Australians had seen need for a free and thorough inquiry. voice. "Father, you remember we met in Bali graphic television footage of the shooting in Exactly what effect the caucus resolution at the lawyers conference." Indeed, I re- the cemetery and people running away, those will have on Government policy is impossible membered Juan (not his real name) who was left behind being beaten by Indonesian sol- to say. It calls on the Government to "explore the chief spokesperson for the East Timorese diers. all constructive avenues for meeting the students who met with me at the Hotel Sanur In answer to the question "How many were longer-term needs of the East Timorese Beach at Bali in July. He said, "Father I was at killed?", Juan discounted the Indonesian people." Does this mean support for self-de- the cemetery in Dili. I got away. I am back." version saying "There were many more than termination? If it does, it requires a dramatic He was worried about the safety of the 19 killed, and over 100. Because there were reversal of policy. In August 1985, Mr Hawke telephone he was using. He would ring again. I many demonstrators and 200 or 300 military recognised Indonesian sovereignty over the waited two days, watching the graphic footage shooting. It was a peace demonstration; there province it had invaded 10 years previously, on the Australian television screens. On was no provocation; you could tell it was at the end of 400 years of Portuguese rule. November 20 at 2.50pm, he telephoned again. military provocation. Because they want to Jakarta formally annexed East Timor in 1976. He was still shaken. I then arranged for him to take the flag. They don't say anything or say The Prime Minister went further than speak with another Australian lawyer who "Excuse me." They just take." previous administrations in Canberra that had was with me when I met Juan and his Having made his way back to Denpasar recognised the fact of East Timor's companions in July. Juan made no claim to knowledge of a second incorporation. None had agreed with the This lawyer, who is fluent in Bahasa massacre. But he had heard word of another method of annexation, or the harsh actions Indonesia, had come to the lawyers conference 17 or 18 Timorese being killed three days that had followed, but recognition was seen as via East Timor. He was able to fill in the gaps later. a way ahead in the often vexed relationship from the account which I was given in faltering "Here in Indonesia we hear news of with Jakarta. As this newspaper put it at the English. Australian unions making embargo of time, Mr Hawke had "merely accepted After Mass on the fateful morning of Indonesia. We have no help for 16 years, but publicly the reality of one of Australia's most November 12, people were processing through on November 12 when 100 of our people important bilateral relationships." the streets of Dili. The procession was massacred, we hope that Australian people Two of the sponsors of yesterday's reso- orderly. An Indonesian army major came will help. We hope the Catholic Church will lution claim it at least represents a funda- bounding up to a group of Timorese who were help." mental shift, but Senator Evans disputes this. proudly displaying their flag. "He did not say Next Saturday marks the 16th anniversary He will be in no doubt, however, that his ev- excuse me. He showed us no dignity," said of Indonesia's unilateral annexation of East ery word and gesture on his forthcoming and Juan. Timor by invasion when, as Senator Gareth very difficult visit to Jakarta will be tested He grabbed the flag. An East Timorese Evans has said, "the military moved with less against the strong tone of the resolution and stabbed the major. In immediate retaliation, than decent haste to take the place of the the manifest expectation in the community two other Indonesian military personnel hastily departed Portuguese colonists." that he would not pussyfoot around. It is right stabbed two Timorese teenage girls. There In July 1991, Juan and his fellow students to keep the diplomatic channels open and were scuffles, but most of the procession were mystified how Australia could take such working, but Jakarta must get no sense of continued past the Governor's palace and the a strong position on human rights in the complacency from Australia. Senator Evans military establishment. Middle East, committing ships to the Gulf has a duty to insist on an independent The massacre at Santa Cruz cemetery did War, when it had closed its eyes to human investigation witnessed by foreign officials not occur for another 15 to 20 minutes. "There rights violations so close to its shores. and media. There should be a clear under- was no provocation." They also contrasted the difference in our standing that Mr Hawke's Indonesian visit in There were 20 to 30 military trucks near unions which has communicated to Juan and February will not go ahead if the inquiry does the cemetery. were also jeeps and other mili- his colleagues that we care. not meet international expectations. The tary vehicles. The military came to the Australia's de jure recognition of the take- Suharto Government must be made aware, if it cemetery and started to shoot straight away over in 1979 our Government's concern to is not already, that the horror of Dili cannot be without warning. They shot with automatic foster warm relations with our closest neigh- swept away, and that Australia will show a weapons for two or three minutes. "Never bour will preclude any effective action from lead in international forums if attempts are warning and never speaking." the Australian Government. Our bishops have made to do so. History is a harsh judge of There were two or three hundred called on the Australian Government to take appeasement. Indonesian military. The commander spoke to appropriate action at an international level. the troops and they indicated they were ready His voice quivering as he cried for help, "NO PROVOCATION" BEFORE to fire. Juan was near an American journalist. Juan was rightly calling for an end to 16 DILI CEMETERY MASSAC RE They punched and broke the journalist's years" official silence and paralysis. I could camera. Juan and a friend managed to escape. offer nothing but best wishes, prayers and a (AUST. CATHOLIC LEADER) They ran about two kilometres by the river mouthpiece from a very safe distance - to our CATHOLIC LEADER, Australia, 1 Dec. and then took a taxi another four kilometres. closest overseas Catholic neighbours. They saw the Indonesians piling East "The military came to the cemetery and Timorese people into 12 or 13 military ve- MANY ARRESTED IN DILI BE- started to shoot straight away . . . They shot hicles. FORE INQUIRY COMMISSION with automatic weapons for two or three The whole area was then blockaded for minutes . . . never warning and never speak- seven or eight hours. "The military cleaning up ARRIVES (TAPOL) ing." Santa Cruz." They blockaded Santa Cruz, A young Timorese student who escaped Demori, Kuintal Bot and Aileu. Some of the TAPOL. the Indonesia Human Rights gave Jesuit Fr.FRANK BRENNAN, director demonstrators running from the cemetery Campaign, issued the following press release of UNIYA, the Sydney-based centre for social could not get out of the area. The Indonesian today, 27 November 1991: research and action, this first-hand account of troops went through cleaning up that area. Many people are being arrested in Dili on the November 12 massacre at Santa Cruz "When they found the Timorese people in the eve of the arrival there tomorrow of the cemetery, Dili. Fr.Brennan writes . . . their houses, they punched, they shoot them 'National Inquiry Commission' [KPN] to begin its investigation. According to news from Dili East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 28 November 25-28, 1991 today, Timorese on the streets are being mission to present me with a report for the clear whether this would reduce the number of rounded up and taken to police headquarters benefit of the international community on troops there, estimated at around 10,000, or [Polwil]. It is widely feared these detainees what happened in East Timor," Perez de represented just a change of guard. (Source: will be required to testify to the Commission, Cuellar told reporters. Reuter) whether or not they were present at the The Indonesia government says its troops demonstration and massacre. killed 19 people and injured 91 others and No Massacre, Says Alatas Far from carrying out an objective inquiry, blamed the violence on instigators among the "The tragedy in East Timor was due to the Commission, appointed by President demonstrators. provocations against the army by a group of Suharto last week, is a new source of fear But witnesses, including five foreign infiltrators" among demonstrators commem- among the already fear-stricken population of journalists, say the soldiers killed between 50 orating someone's death, according to Dili. It is composed of senior political and 100 people when they opened fire on a Indonesian Foreign Minister Ali Alatas, who appointees in the interior, justice and foreign defenceless crowd. is accompanying President Suharto on his affairs ministries and the inspector- general of Indonesia annexed East Timor in 1976, one official visit to Venezuela. the armed forces. It is headed by (retired) year after invading what was then still a Speaking at a press conference, Alatas said Major General Jaelani, a Supreme Court judge. Portuguese colony. Portugal had planned to Indonesia "deeply regretted the accident" and Timorese shun the very idea of having to grant independence to East Timor. viewed the incident as a setback to the testify before it. The United Nations recognizes Portugal as progress achieved in East Timor. Anyone who was actually present at the the administrative power over the southwest Alatas described as "exaggerated" foreign demonstration is afraid to go out for fear of Asian island north of Australia. press reports claiming the army had being arrested and possibly killed, to eliminate "massacred" 19 people in a funeral procession genuine witnesses to the massacre. There were WIRE SERVICE DIGEST NOV. 27 at the Santa Cruz cemetery on Nov. 12. an estimated 3,000 people at the The foreign minister spoke on behalf of demonstration. Minus the many hundreds of Excerpted from material received by Task Indonesian President Suharto, who has refused dead and wounded, that leaves many survivors Force Indonesia: all contacts with the press since his arrival in who can be harassed to give testimony or be Venezuela Nov. 24. eliminated. Armed forces commander-in-chief, Try Sutrisno: "Peaceful Demonstration is He "categorically" denied that his gov- General Try Sutrisno, told a parliamentary Bullshit" ernment had been killing those arrested during commission in Jakarta today that reports that "It was a dangerous mob and forced the the "accident" and said all prisoners would the 12 November demonstration in Dili was soldiers to take strong measures," General Try soon be brought to trial. (Source: IPS) peaceful were "bullshit" (he used the English Sutrisno told a packed parliamentary hearing U.S. State Department briefing excerpt word). which lasted four and a half hours. From Ermera, south of Dili, our source was "It was the enemy's demonstration, the Q Do you have any readout on anything told that anyone picked up without identity people's enemy. The purpose was very obvi- yesterday here at the State Department cards is required to do push-ups and stand in ous...they were carrying Fretilin's flag and between the two American journalists who the glaring sun for a day. A woman on her Xanana's picture," said Try, often named as witnessed the -- (inaudible) -- massacre? way to town to give birth was ordered to the leading choice to eventually replace MS. TUTWILER: Yes, I believe that you return home. President Suharto. were asking me yesterday why no one from The Portuguese-language Sao Jose school in "And (foreign reports) said it was a peace- the State Department was meeting with these Dili is still closed and many pupils of other ful demonstration...what peaceful demon- people. And I said I was unaware of it. And, schools, particularly boys, are afraid to go to stration? It's bullshit," Try said in English, as you know, the Assistant Secretary of the school for fear of being picked up. The main clearly aiming his remark at foreign reporters bureau met with them, and that was, I believe, Dili 'mercado' (market) is almost deserted. in the gallery. last evening. And he and members of his staff An announcement by the military com- He said five foreigners in the provincial met with these two American journalists. The mander, Brig.General R. Warouw that masked capital Dili, including journalists not based in meeting was arranged by the Right Reverend men who are much feared by the population Indonesia, had been actively involved in the Paul Moore, who is a former Episcopal when they parade the Dili streets at night, anti-Indonesian demonstration. Bishop of New York, and he also participated would be shot is treated with derision by the "Hiding your identity is in violation of in the meeting. population. This is seen as an attempt to immigration rules and the international ethic of The journalists described their experience in persuade Timorese to go out into the streets, journalists. It's not impossible they were East Timor on November 12th. They sub- so as to create an impression of normality as involved in the engineering of the incident or stantially reiterated what they had said at their the Commission's investigations proceed. being used by the anti-Indonesian sides," he press conference on November 15th. They said. cited reports that killings have continued in PEREZ DE CUELLAR SAY S UN He said someone in the crowd of 3,500 East Timor since November 12, and they WILL INVESTIGATE EAS T mourners on its way to Dili's Santa Cruz urged that the United States take various TIMOR ALLEGATIONS (AP) cemetery threw a hand grenade at the soldiers actions with respect to the situation. who defended themselves. Assistant Secretary Solomon said the Source: AP. 27 November 1991 Dateline: "I believe you don't want to see your armed United States condemns this incident, as we Madrid Byline: Richard Lorant forces disarmed by these mobs," he told have said publicly from this podium any parliamentarians. number of times, and will continue to press UN Secretary General Javier Perez de Try made no mention of the account by his the Indonesian government for a complete and Cuellar said on Wednesday he planned to send military commander in East Timor that the thorough investigation, and that we have made a mission to East Timor to investigate the shooting had been the result of a misun- this point repeatedly. Assistant Secretary killing of an undetermined number of East derstood order. Solomon also noted that the government of Timorese by Indonesian troops this month. Try said 42 people were still under arrest Indonesia has appointed a national The deaths occurred Nov. 12 during a in East Timor over the shooting incident, out investigatory commission to look into the memorial rally in Dili, capital of the disputed of 288 initially detained. November 12 incident. (Source: FNS) territory. Try said the government would withdraw "I have the necessary facilities from the some troops from East Timor including those Indonesian government (and) would like to involved in the shooting. He did not make send a totally independent and impartial East Timor Articles, Volume 4. Page 29 November 25-28, 1991

Australia May Review Ties Australia will review its relationship with Indonesia if an inquiry into a massacre in the province of East Timor is a "whitewash," Prime Minister Bob Hawke told parliament. Hawke said the "continuing sore" of East Timor, which Indonesia occupied in 1976 after the departure of Portugal, the colonial power, would not be solved militarily. "Without a positive response, and in par- ticular if the inquiry turns out to be a white- wash, we will... Have to consider steps to review our policies towards Indonesia," Hawke said. (Source: Reuter) Portugal Pushes Sanctions "We cannot ignore the atrocities in East Timor," Portuguese Prime Minister Anibal Cavaco Silva told journalists following a meeting today with current European Community president, Dutch Premier Ruud Lubbers. Cavaco Silva said he expected "a firm condemnation" of Indonesia from the Dec. 9- 10 Maastricht summit of EC states. Following an army massacre in East Timor two weeks ago, Portugal requested all Portuguese companies to cut trade with Indonesia. But Cavaco Silva wouldn't comment on the kind of EC sanctions he wants brought against Indonesia. The options include an EC arms export ban, freezing of EC development aid and trade sanctions, possibly ending Indonesia's right to easier access to EC markets as one of six signatories to a South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) trade pact with the EC. A Portuguese spokesperson said today that EC policy on human rights in East Timor will be raised Nov. 28 at a meeting of EC development ministers. The issue is expected to be raised again at EC ministerial meetings before the final decision at Maastricht. (Source: IPS) Mock 'Re-evaluation' Indonesian armed forces chief General Try Sutrisno told a parliamentary commission Wednesday that the government would reevaluate all development aspects in East Timor. He said the evaluation should involve all government ministries, in the interests of co- ordination. Try said that the military would go ahead with its "macro activities" aimed at improving the welfare of the population in East Timor and also concentrate them on urban areas. "The unilateral cancellation by the Portuguese of the visit of their parliamentary delegation was an engineered decision" aimed at increasing tension in its former colony. The cancellation frustrated anti-government elements in East Timor who had planned an "all out" effort to show their existence to the world, he said, adding that "this is the condition" which prompted the unrest. (Source: AFP)