Justice and Democracy: Essays for Brian Barry Edited by Keith Dowding, Robert E

Cambridge University Press 0521836956 - Justice and Democracy: Essays for Brian Barry Edited by Keith Dowding, Robert E. Goodin and Carole Pateman Frontmatter More information

Justice and Democracy

‘Justice’ and ‘democracy’ have alternated as dominant themes in political philosophy over the last fifty years. Since its revival in the middle of the twentieth century, political philosophy has focused on first one and then the other of these two themes. Rarely, however, has it succeeded in holding them in joint focus. This volume brings together leading authors who consider the relationship of democracy and justice in a set of specially written chapters. The intrinsic justness of democracy is challenged, the relationship between justice, democracy and impartiality queried and the relationship between justice, democracy and the common good examined. Further chapters explore the problem of social exclusion and issues surrounding subnational groups in the context of democracy and justice. Authors include Keith Dowding, Richard Arneson, Norman Schofield, Albert Weale, Robert E. Goodin, Jon Elster, David Miller, Philip Pettit, Julian Le Grand and Russell Hardin.

  is Professor of Political Science at the London School of Economics. His books include Rational Choice and Political Power (1991), The Civil Service (1995) and Power (1996).

 .  is Joint Professor of Social and Political Theory and of Philosophy at the Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University. He is the author of many books on political theory, public policy and applied ethics which include, most recently, The Real Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, with B. Headey, R. Muffels and H.J. Dirven (1999) and Reﬂective Democracy (2003).

  is Professor of Political Science at UCLA and Honorary Professor in the School of European Studies at Cardiff University. Her publications include Participation and Democratic Theory (1970), The Problem of Political Obligation (2nd edn, 1985), and The Sexual Contract (1988).

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521836956 - Justice and Democracy: Essays for Brian Barry Edited by Keith Dowding, Robert E. Goodin and Carole Pateman Frontmatter More information

Justice and Democracy Essays for Brian Barry

edited by Keith Dowding, Robert E. Goodin and Carole Pateman

          The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom    The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org

C Cambridge University Press 2004

This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2004

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

Typeface Plantin 10/12 pt. System LATEX2¡ []

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0 521 83695 6 hardback ISBN 0 521 54543 9 paperback

For Brian Barry, Teacher, Critic, Colleague, Friend

Brian Barry

Brian Barry was born in 1936 in London. He received his ﬁrst class degree in Politics, Philosophy and Economics from Oxford University in 1958 staying there to complete his doctorate in 1964. He has held positions at the Universities of Birmingham, Keele, Southampton, Oxford and Essex in the United Kingdom before moving to positions in Canada and the USA at British Columbia, Chicago and the California Institute of Technology. After a short stay at the European University Institute, Florence, he returned to England at the London School of Economics for eleven years. In 1998 he moved to Columbia University in New York. Amongst his honours are elections to fellowships of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1976), the British Academy (1988), and he has three times been awarded the W.J.M. Mackenzie prize awarded by the Political Studies Association (UK) for the best book published in the previous year (for Theories of Justice, Justice as Impartiality and Culture and Equality). The Political Studies Association also honoured him for lifetime achievement in Political Studies in 2000. He was awarded prob- ably the highest accolade for a political scientist in 2001 when he won the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science. The Prize Committee stated that the award was ‘for his profound contribution to normative political theory performed with passion as well as clarity in the grand tradition from Enlightenment’.

Contents

List of ﬁgures page xi List of contributors xiii

1 Introduction: between justice and democracy 1  ,  .     2 Are democratic and just institutions the same? 25   3 Democracy is not intrinsically just 40  .  4 ‘The probability of a ﬁt choice’: American political history and voting theory 59   5 Contractarian theory, deliberative democracy and general agreement 79   6 Democracy, justice and impartiality 97  .  7 Mimicking impartiality 112   8 Justice, democracy and public goods 127   9 The common good 150   10 Individual choice and social exclusion 170   

x Contents

11 Subnational groups and globalization 179  

References 195 Brian Barry’s publications 212 Index 221

Figures

4.1 A schematic representation of political power page 60 4.2 A schematic representation of land and capital in the USA in 1860 73 4.3 A schematic representation of the presidential election of 1860, in a two-dimensional factor space 76 7.1 Violation of a moral norm/social norm 117 7.2 Ultimatum game 121

Contributors

 .  is Professor of Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy at the University of California, San Diego.   is Professor of Political Science at the London School of Economics and Political Science.   is Robert K. Merton Professor of Social Sciences in the Political Science Department at Columbia University, New York.  .  is Professor of Social and Political Theory and Philosophy at the Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University.   is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics, New York University.    is Richard Titmuss Professor of Social Policy in the Social Policy Department at the London School of Economics and Political Science.   is Professor of Political Theory at the University of Oxford and an Ofﬁcial Fellow of Nufﬁeld College, Oxford.   is Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Los Angeles.   is William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Politics at Princeton University.   is the Director of the Center in Political Economy and Dr William Taussig Professor of Political Economy, and Professor of Political Science at Washington University, St Louis.   is Professor of Government at the University of Essex.

xiii