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Ephemeral Megastructures for New City Forms Archigram Case THE COLONIZATION OF SPACE EPHEMERAL MEGASTRUCTURES FOR NEW CITY FORMS ARCHIGRAM CASE Nicolò Chierichetti - School of Architecture, Urban Planning and Construction Engineering Master of Science in Architecture and Urban Design - [email protected] THE COLONIZATION OF SPACE EPHEMERAL MEGASTRUCTURES FOR NEW CITY FORMS ARCHIGRAM CASE Nicolò Chierichetti - School of Architecture, Urban Planning and Construction Engineering Master of Science in Architecture and Urban Design - [email protected] The aim of the research is to discuss, within the of the city made of components, interchangeable framework of the Architectural Utopias of the and updatable where the dimension of time plays 60s, the concept of Space colonization, declining an important role given the indetermination and it in the ephemeral use of megastructures. The fluency in scientific and social evolution. The main role given by the study to the English name itself is a representation of immediacy, group Archigram wants to highlight how their as the group wanted an architecture that was experimental proposals are not so far from our important, urgent and rapid at the same time, like reality and how their conceptual framework a telegram, from which the payoff “Archi(tecture... perfectly matches with the requirements. tele)gram”. The rising of the idea of space colonization got One of Archigram’s accomplishments had been to a reserved spot in the scientific research since reorient architecture toward changing social and 1969, when the first human footprints were ideological patterns. The innovation of Archigram left on the lunar soil, and analyzing the current stands also in reconsidering the urban fabric and project proposals we can define some common the city from the inhabitants point of view and points that we can highlight and confront with their conditions: the surrounding environment Archigram. usually characterized by buildings in their physical mass (hardware) should be imagined The English group is given a role of absolute as something flexible and upgradable, non-static European centrality in the field ofUtopian (software) according to the users’ needs. And so Megastructuralism, as their main concept ideas, is the un-explored field of living on new planets. were to break from the past in order to “invent and develop an ex-novo modern city, as huge The final question should be, Can Archigram tumultuous, agile and dynamic construction site proposals be the solutions for the colonization of ABSTRACT in each of his part” and not less important, a vision new planets? #megastructures, #space, #ephemeral, Topic: 1. THE MISSION: new needs for new settlements for new planets, 2. THE VISION: #colonization, #temporary Characteristics and utopias of Archigram, 3. ARCHIGRAM 2.0: over the horizon 4 5 1. THE MISSION new needs for new settlements for new planets. 1.1 Colonization of new planets “The Eagle has landed” was the code that on July 20th, 1969 announced to the world the first arrival of humans on the lunar soil. 50 years passed since that apotheosis of technology and scientific discoveries but the progress in space colonization seems to be, now as ever, one of the main aims of mankind. Two hours and a quarter was the time of the first walk on the moon, but the future may expect us to stay longer and maybe to even form colonies. Worldwide space agencies in the last decades are showing a renovated interest towards the colonization of new planets, maybe as a way to escape the climatic changes that our planet is facing, or again as a solution to world overpopulation. NASA, one of the main agencies, recently announced[1] that a possible new generation of moon landings could be in 2024 and different countries are joining the project in a common interest, from India to Japan, from China to Israel, as well as private companies such as SpaceX owned by the Fig. 1 - Concept of a possible moon base – Credits: Esa entrepreneur Elon Mush. Thanks to the Space Launch System [2] (SLS), Since Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz a new space transport by Nasa completely Aldrin firstly touched the moon our role in the sustainable by 2028, earth-moon trips may be solar system became more and more active, not so far to be achieved. If we don’t change our thanks to the sending of robotic probes and habits in 200 years, the human species may risk international space stations (ISS) gravitating extinction for both natural and anthropological [3] around us. The first settlement could be the reasons (Hawking, 2010 ), and space colonies South-pole Aitken basin, a huge meteor crater may be the solution. with 2.500 kilometers of diameter and 200 kilometers-deep, or again the “Schrödinger The question is, is living on other planets a crater” an area that seems to contain a huge reality so far from us? What will be the ideal amount of frozen water that could be used to settlement to start colonizing a new world? produce oxygen and hydrogen. [1] “Apollo 50th” in Nasa.gov, https://www.nasa.gov/specials/apollo50th/back.html, Last access: January 13, 2019 [2] The Space Launch System (SLS) is a US super heavy-lift expendable launch vehicle, which has been under development since its announcement in 2011. It is the primary launch vehicle of NASA’s deep space exploration plans [3] “Stephen Hawking: mankind must move to outer space within a century” in Telegraph.co.uk, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ science/space/7935505/Stephen-Hawking-mankind-must-move-to-outer-space-within-a-century.html, Last access: January 13, 2019 7 1.3 Start the revolution 1.2 Challenges for new spatial settlements The revolution has already started from 50 Since the second half of 20th century, many a. RADIATION. Above Earth’s natural protection NASA continues to work with companies to years when the whole world stopped to watch concepts of structures for both Moon and and out of our atmosphere, solar radiation address the challenges of living in space, such those first footsteps on the lunar soil. Since Mars settlements have been proposed. As the intensifies and constitutes an important risk as existing resources, options for disposing then, it seemed that exploring and living on internal pressure of the air is the controlling to be considered. While the space stations are of trash and more. The exploration of the the Moon and other planets was not science load on the structural system, inflatable still shielded by earth’s protective magnetic lunar and Mars soils is connected, and so the fiction anymore, but something real. Professor architecture seemed to be the best solution. field, the outer space habitats will require a architectural research. The moon provides Shevchenko[5] proposed three main criteria The first group of architects to follow this and significant protective shielding and this is an a closer opportunity to test new tools and that a human outpost on the Moon should meet, alternative-related path was Archigram in 1966 important study field nowadays, that could be equipment that could be used on Mars, even if technically a potential colony could be with Living Pod, a movable prototype house possibly achieved with the use of Regolith , a including human habitats, life support systems placed anywhere. inspired by the lunar modules that NASA was strongly present material on the lunar soil. and technologies and practiced building a self- 1. Good conditions for transportation preparing for the moon landing. sustaining outpost away from earth. 2. Availability of natural and on-site objects b. DISTANCE FROM EARTH. While the to be used Today, other inflatable solutions for space International Space Station is only hours from A spatial space is not just a living space but also 3. Presence of natural resources, such as habitats have been explored by important the ground, living on another planet can reveal a machine, and it plays an important role in the oxygen and different minerals (i.e. iron architects, such as Foster and partners and some problems related to necessities and everyday life. Important habitability factors oxide) Andreas Vogler. The first project consisted in resupply of medical equipment, fresh food and include temperature, lightning, noise, quantity an internal inflatable membrane covered by a other resources. and quality of space, etc... During the testing Based on this initial assumption, different shelter made of Regolith[6] which could be built of the first attempts conducted by private and locations were proposed: on-site, while the one proposed by Vogler was c. GRAVITY. The gravity on the moon is one- government organizations, the occupants made by a composition of domes, positioned sixth of the one of Earth, and between the were also asked to provide feedback about A. POLAR REGIONS. North and South poles over inflatable modules to form a unique skin Moon and Earth there is a third gravity field. their living environment, including physical are potential locations for different reasons, but of a thick layer of regolith sandbags in order to This difference is something that needs to be impressions and sensations, a key-factor that first for the presence of water in the shaded provide protection from radiation and impact. considered in case of longer living periods, as the group of architect Archigram was the first areas. Secondly because these areas are the mission is. to consider, in the relation between the people always exposed to sunlight, but during lunar needs and the continuous change of habits. On eclipse, and solar energy could become our d. HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS. Technology the other side, the colonization must take into only source of energy. comes to create a habitable home in harsh account both the human perception and the environments: everything needs to be conditions of the environment.
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