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Moses~Drawn Out
Rolf Ward Green Anne Ruth Rutledge Wylt thou hinder the sweete influences of the seuen starres? or loose the bandes of Orion? Job 38:31, The Bishop's Bible (1568) and Hebrew Tanach) התקשׁר מעדנות כימה או־משׁכות כסיל תפתח׃ Versions) Moses~Drawn Out ``Tell it to the horse marines.'' Right: Mount Serbal from Wady Feiran (Engraving by S. Bradshaw after J. D. Woodward) Let's talk languages. In ancient Hebrew, no vowels were present in the written lettering. From what we have seen of the ancient Hebrew and other ancient languages, the vowels were added to the words at the time of speaking only. Modern language puts the vowels in the written language as well. Hence, in modern terms, we may have no certainty about the word origins based on any vowels. Consonants are what matter most. Any language system using only consonants for writing is called an abjad. Above: Hebrew Abjad (modified from Creationwiki, `Hebrew') In the Hebrew abjad, a dot is used to distinguish the sounds of `sh' from `s' (above the letter shin), `v' from `b', `ph' from `p', `kh' from `k', and `th' from `t' (in the middle of these letters). Confusability exists, on a dot or not basis. Left: Pharaoh Sesostris (Senusret) III (Brooklyn Museum, New York) `Phoenix' may become `Poenix', for example, when the letters `p' and `ph' are confused. Isn't it how Rome's wars with the Phoenician city of Carthage got to be known as `Punic' Wars, `x' also becoming `c', and vowels changing from `oe' to `u'? `Oe' is equivalent to the German `ö', which sounds like the English `u', near midway between the short and long `u'. -
Samaria in Ahab's Time Harvard Excavations and Their Res Ul Ts Samaria in Ahab's Time Harvard Excavations and Their Results
SAMARIA IN AHAB'S TIME HARVARD EXCAVATIONS AND THEIR RES UL TS SAMARIA IN AHAB'S TIME HARVARD EXCAVATIONS AND THEIR RESULTS WITH CHAPTERS ON THE POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS SITUATION BY J. W. JACK, M.A. AUTHOR OF 'THE DATE OF THE EXODUS IN THE LIGHT OF EXTERNAL EVIDENCE ' Edinburgh : T. & T. CLARK, 38 George Street 1929 PRINTED IN GREAT RRITAIN BY MORRISON AND GIBFl LIMITEn FOR ~ & ~ CLAR~ EDINBURGH LONDON· SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT AND CO. LIMITED NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNRR'S SONS PREFACE THE object of the writer in issuing this book is not so much to give a concise account of the Harvard excavations at Samaria, in so far as they throw light on the history of Israel, as to state certain significant conclusions which seem to be based upon them. So much has been written on the Old Testament that another book, however small, on the subject may seem superfluous, but the excava tions disclose important new facts derived from the best of all historical sources, the pick and the spade. They give us fresh knowledge of Israel in Ahab's time, and much enlightenment on the northern Semitic alphabet and other matters. A new picture of Samaria, with its royal and civil administration, takes the place of the old long-familiar one, and supplements the scanty historical material in the Biblical record. The researches of scholars in Old Testament literature and wider Semitics have afforded us more information in the last fifty years than were gained in all the preceding ages. Yet it is little compared with all that lies untouched. -
Moses Part 2.Pdf
Rolf Ward Green Anne Ruth Rutledge Wylt thou hinder the sweete influences of the seuen starres? or loose the bandes of Orion? (Job 38:31, The Bishop's Bible (1568) and Hebrew Tanach Versions) התקשׁר מעדנות כימה או־משׁכות כסיל תפתח׃ Moses~Drawn Out ``Tell it to the horse marines.'' Part 2: (See also: Part 1 of Moses~Drawn Out) Left: Moses Speaks to Pharaoh, Jewish Museum, New York (c. 1896-1902 Painting by James Jacques Joseph Tissot, gouache on board, from Wikipedia, `Bo (parsha)') When Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and he remained less than willing to send the people of Israel from out of Egypt, they proceeded to bring up the following plagues upon Egypt: The Nile river was turned into blood, and all the fish died. A plague of frogs was brought upon the entire land of Egypt. Gnats made of the dust of the ground bit people and animals. Flies swarmed over all of Egypt except the region of Goshen. A deadly plague touched only the livestock of the Egyptians. Boils were made to break out on people and animals in Egypt. Hail fell on plants, animals, and people, but not in Goshen. Locusts came and ate everything in all the country of Egypt. For three days a total darkness fell upon the land of Egypt. The firstborn sons of the Egyptians died of plague at night. There were ten separate plagues in all, all described above. Jehovah passed over Israel's firstborn sons, hence Passover, the annual Jewish celebration in memory of that final night. -
David and Solomon's Kingdoms: Legend Or History?
David and Solomon's kingdoms: legend or history? Abstract. The David and Solomon's kingdoms are no longer considered as historical by minimalist archaeologists. According to Israel Finkelstein and Neil Silberman, for example, authors of The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts, at the time of the kingdoms of David and Solomon, Jerusalem was populated by only a few hundred residents or less, which is insufficient for an empire stretching from the Euphrates to Eilath. They suggest that due to religious prejudice, the authors of the Bible suppressed the achievements of the Omrides. Some Biblical minimalists like Thomas L. Thompson go further, arguing that Jerusalem became a city and capable of being a state capital only in the mid-seventh century. Likewise, Finkelstein and others consider the claimed size of Solomon's temple implausible. A review of methods and arguments used by these minimalists shows that they are impostors for writing history. The historical testimonies dated by a chronology anchored on absolute dates (backbone of history) are replaced by archaeological remains dated by carbon-14 (backbone of myths). The goal of these unfounded claims is clearly the charring of biblical accounts. One of the most fiercely debated issues in Biblical Archaeology today involves the historicity of the Bible and biblical chronology in the period of the United Monarchy in Jerusalem. Most of the evidence for this period of David and Solomon is found in the Bible, and there is a decided lack of archaeological evidence to correlate the biblical narrative. -
Against Apion
FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS VOLUME 10 AGAINST APION FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS translation and commentary EDITED BY STEVE MASON VOLUME 10 AGAINST APION TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY BY JOHN M.G. BARCLAY BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Detailed Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data are available on the Internet at http://catalog.loc.gov ISBN 10: 90 04 11791 1 ISBN 13: 978 90 04 11791 4 © Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS introduction v For Joel Marcus an outstanding Mensch, scholar, and friend vi introduction introduction vii CONTENTS Series Preface: The Brill Josephus Project. ix Abbreviations and Sigla . xiii Acknowledgements . xv Introduction. xvii Josephus, Against Apion Book 1 . 3 Book 2 . 167 Appendix 1: Manetho . 335 Appendix 2: Pseudo-Hecataeus . 338 Appendix 3: Exodus Narratives in Cultural Context . 341 Appendix 4: The Judeans and the Ass . 350 Appendix 5: The Sources of the Apologetic Encomium (2.145-286) .