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Die Systematik Der Schlangen - Legende Die Systematik der Schlangen - Legende Die DGHT-AG Schlangen hat sich entschlossen, ihren Mitgliedern mit der Darstellung der taxonomischen Systematik der Schlangen ein Informationsgerüst an die Hand zu geben, das in unregelmäßigen Abständen, aber mindestens einmal im Jahr, aktualisiert wird. Wir folgen dabei sowohl pholidotischen als auch phyllogenetischen Regelungen und, wie heute üblich, einer Kombination aus Beidem. Da die Herpetologie eine lebendige Wissenschaft ist, kommt es uns nicht in den Sinn, an dieser Stelle der Weisheit letzten Schluss darstellen zu wollen. Wir versichern aber, neue Erkenntnisse zeitnah in unsere Darstellung einfließen zu lassen. Dies geschieht spätestens nach der jährlichen Publikation neubeschriebener Arten in der „Elaphe“. Damit ist auch schon eine Quelle der Erkenntnis benannt. Die DGHT-eigene „Salamandra“ ist gleich die nächste. Außerden steckten wir unsere Nasen in, hier beispielhaft erwähnt, folgende Publikationsorgane: • Elsevier, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, • African Journal of Herpetology, • Zootaxa, • International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, • diverse nationale Herpetological Journals, • diverse Bulletins und sonstige Schriften herpetologischer Sammlungen und Museen, • diverse Buchveröffentlichungen, • Zeitschriften wie „Herpetofauna“, „Sauria“ und „Ophidia“, • „Reptile Database“ und vieles mehr. Was bedeutet eigentlich Systematik der Schlangen? Dabei wird einerseits das Ordnungsprinzip der Unterordnung Schlangen innerhalb der Klasse der Reptilien dargestellt, die sogenannte äußere Systematik. Darin wird die Stellung zu den Schwesterunterordnungen innerhalb der Ordnung der Schuppenkriechtiere (Squamata) beschrieben. Die Stellung zu den anderen Ordnungen der Reptililien, den Schildkröten (Testudinata), den Krokodilen (Crocodylia) und den Schnabelköpfen (Rhynchocephalia) wird definiert. In einem weiteren Schritt wird dann beschrieben, wie sich die Unterordnung Serpentes (Schlangen) [LINNAEUS, 1758] in Überfamilien, Familien, Unterfamilien, Gattungen, Arten und Unterarten unterteilt. Dies nennt man innere Systematik. Wir hoffen, der Leserschaft eine Hilfestellung bei der Zuordnung der Tiere bieten zu können, die von Interesse sind. Wir sind selbstverständlich offen für Ergänzungen und Zuarbeiten von Seiten der Leserschaft. In einem nächsten Schritt werden wir uns bemühen, einige, für die Tierhaltung relevante Arten, in Form von Kurzportraits und mit Bildern darzustellen. Viel Spaß beim Nachschlagen wünscht Ihre Leitung der AG Schlangen. Josef Beck, Ralf Hörold, Uwe Justinek Die Systematik der Schlangen – Äußere Systematik Reptilia - Die Systematik der Reptilien Klasse Reptilia [LAURENTI, 1768] Ordnung Testudinata (Schildkröten) [LINNAEUS, 1758] Unterordnung Cryptodira (Halsbergerschildkröten) [LINNAEUS, 1758] ◦Familie Carettochelyidae (Papua-Weichschildkröten) [LYDEKKER, 1887] ◦Familie Cheloniidae (Meeresschildkröten) [OPPEL, 1811] ◦Familie Chelydridae (Schnappschildkröten) [GRAY, 1831] ◦Familie Dermatemydidae (Mittelamerikanische Flussschildkröten) [GRAY, 1870] ◦Familie Dermochelyidae (Lederschildkröten) [FITZINGER, 1843] ◦Familie Emydidae (Neuweltliche Sumpfschildkröten) [RAFINESQUE, 1815] ◦Familie Geoemydidae (Altweltliche Sumpfschildkröten) [GRAY, 1869] ◦Familie Kinosternidae (Schlammschildkröten) [AGASSIZ, 1857] ◦Familie Platysternidae (Großkopfschildkröten) [GRAY, 1869] ◦Familie Testudinidae (Landschildkröten) [BATSCH, 1788] ◦Familie Trionychidae (Weichschildkröten) [FITZINGER, 1826] Unterordnung Pleurodira (Halswenderschildkröten) [COPE, 1864] ◦Familie Chelidae (Schlangenhalsschildkröten) [GRAY, 1825] ◦Familie Pelomedusidae (Pelomedusenschildkröten) [COPE, 1868] ◦Familie Podocnemididae (Schienenschildkröten) [GRAY, 1869] Ordnung Crocodylia (Krokodile) [OWEN, 1842] ◦Familie Aligatoridae (Alligatoren) [GRAY, 1844] ◦Familie Crocodylidae (Echte Krokodile) [CUVIER, 1807] ◦Familie Gavialidae (Gaviale) [ADAMS, 1854] Ordnung Rhynchocephalia (Schnabelköpfe) [WILLISTON, 1925] ◦Familie Sphenodontidae (Brückenechsen) [COPE, 1870] Ordnung Squamata (Schuppenkriechtiere) [OPPEL, 1811] Unterordnung Dibamia (Schlangenschleichenähnliche Kriechtiere) [GASC, 1968] ◦Familie Dibamidae (Schlangenschleichen) [BOULENGER, 1884] Unterordnung Bifurcata (Gabelzungenkriechtiere) [VIDAL & HEDGES, 2005] ◦ Familie Gekkota (Geckoähnliche Kriechtiere) [CUVIER, 1817] ◦ Familie Unidentata (Einzahnkriechtiere) [VIDAL & HEDGES, 2005] Unterordnung Scinciformata (Skinkähnliche Kriechtiere) [VIDAL & HEDGES, 2005] Unterordnung Episquamata (Höhere Schuppenkriechtiere) [VIDAL & HEDGES, 2005] Unterordnung Laterata (Fliesenschuppenträger) [VIDAL & HEDGES, 2005] (hier sind u.a. die Tejus, die Eidechsen und die Doppelschleichen zugeordnet) (Ohne Rang) Toxicofera (Giftdrüsenträger) [VIDAL & HEDGES, 2005] Unterordnung Anguimorpha (Schleichenartige) [Fürbringer, 1900] Unterordnung Iguania (Leguanartige) [Cope, 1864] Unterordnung Serpentes (Schlangen) [LINNAEUS, 1758] Die Systematik der Schlangen – Innere Systematik ◾Serpentes (Schlangen) [LINNAEUS, 1758] ◾Überfamilie Acrochordoidea (Warzenschlangenverwandte) [BONAPARTE, 1831] ◦Familie Acrochordidae (Warzenschlangen) [Bonaparte, 1831] Gattung Acrochordus [HORNSTEDT, 1787] •Acrochordus arafurae (Araura-Warzenschlange) [MCDOWELL, 1979] •Acrochordus granulatus (Südostasiatische Warzenschlange) [SCHNEIDER, 1799] •Acrochordus javanicus (Java-Warzenschlange) [HORNSTEDT, 1787] ◾Überfamilie Booidea (Boaartige) [GRAY, 1825] ◦Familie Boidae (Riesenschlangen) [GRAY, 1825] Unterfamilie Boinae (Boas) [GRAY, 1825] Gattung Boa (Abgottschlange) [LINNAEUS, 1758] •Boa constrictor (Abgottschlange) [LINNAEUS, 1758] ◦Boa constrictor amarali [STULL, 1932) ◦Boa constrictor constrictor (Rotschwanzboa) [LINNAEUS, 1758] ◦Boa constrictor melanogaster (Schwarzbauchboa) [LANGHAMMER, 1983] ◦Boa constrictor occidentalis (Südboa oder Argentinische Boa) [PHILIPPI, 1873] •Boa imperator (Kaiserboa) [EYDOUX & SOULEYET, 1841] ◦Boa imperator eques [DAUDIN, 1803] ◦Boa imperator imperator (Kaiserboa) [DAUDIN, 1803] ◦Boa imperator longicauda (Langschwanzboa) [PREIS & RUSSO 1991 ◦Boa imperator ortonii (Ortons Boa) [COPE, 1877] ◦Boa imperator sabogae (Perlinsel-Boa) [BARBOUR, 1906] ◦Boa imperator sigma [SMITH, 1943] •Boa nebulosa (Dominicaboa) [LAZELL, 1964] •Boa orophias (St.-Lucia-Boa) [LINNAEUS, 1758] Gattung Chilabothrus [DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1844] •Chilabothrus angulifer (Kuba-Schlankboa) [BIBRON, 1843] •Chilabothrus argentum (Conception-Silberboa) [REYNOLDS, PUENTE-ROLÓN, GENEVA, AVILES-RODRIGUEZ & HERRMANN, 2016] •Chilabothrus chrysogaster [COPE, 1871] ◦Chilabothrus chrysogaster chrysogaster [COPE, 1871] ◦Chilabothrus chrysogaster relicquus [BARBOUR & SHREVE, 1935] •Chilabothrus exsul (Abaco-Insel-Schlankboa) [NETTING & GOIN, 1944] •Chilabothrus fordii (Fords (Schlankboa) [GÜNTHER, 1861] ◦Chilabothrus fordi agametus [SHEPLAN & SCHWARTZ, 1974] ◦Chilabothrus fordi fordi [GÜNTHER, 1861] ◦Chilabothrus fordi manototus [SCHWARTZ, 1979] •Chilabothrus gracilis [FISCHER, 1888] ◦Chilabothrus gracilis gracilis [FISCHER, 1888] ◦Chilabothrus gracilis hapalus [SHEPLAN & SCHWARTZ, 1974] •Chilabothrus granti (Virgin Islands-Schlankboa) [STULL, 1933] •Chilabothrus inornatus (Puerto-Rico-Boa) [REINHARDT, 1843] •Chilabothrus monensis (Mona-Schlankboa) [ZENNECK, 1898] •Chilabothrus schwartzi [BUDEN, 1975] •Chilabothrus striatus (Haiti-Boa) [FISCHER, 1856] ◦Chilabothrus striatus exagistus [SHEPLAN & SCHWARTZ, 1974] ◦Chilabothrus striatus striatus [FISCHER, 1856] ◦Chilabothrus striatus warreni [SHEPLAN & SCHWARTZ, 1974] •Chilabothrus strigilatus (Haiti-Boa) [COPE, 1863] ◦Chilabothrus strigilatus ailurus [SHEPLAN & SCHWARTZ, 1974] ◦Chilabothrus strigilatus fosteri [BARBOUR, 1941] ◦Chilabothrus strigilatus fowleri [SHEPLAN & SCHWARTZ, 1974] ◦Chilabothrus strigilatus mccraniei [SHEPLAN & SCHWARTZ, 1974] ◦Chilabothrus strigilatus strigilatus [COPE, 1863] •Chilabothrus subflavus (Jamaika-Boa) [STEJNEGER, 1901] Gattung Corallus (Hundskopfboas) [DAUDIN, 1803] •Corallus annulatus (Geringelte Baumboa oder Ringelboa) [COPE, 1876] •Corallus batesi [GRAY, 1860] •Corallus blombergi (Blomberg Baumboa) [RENDAHL & VESTERGREN, 1941] •Corallus caninus (Hundskopfschlinger, Grüne Hundskopfboa) [LINNAEUS, 1758] •Corallus cookii [GRAY, 1842] •Corallus cropanii [HOGE, 1953] •Corallus grenadensis [BARBOUR, 1914] •Corallus hortulana (Gartenboa) [LINNAEUS, 1758] ◦Corallus hortulana enydris [LINNAEUS, 1758] ◦Corallus hortulana hortulanus [LINNAEUS, 1758] •Corallus ruschenbergerii (Ruschenbergers Gartenboa) [COPE, 1876] Gattung Epicrates (Schlankboas) [WAGLER, 1830] •Epicrates alvarezi (Argentinische Regenbogenboa) [ABALOZ, FERNANDES & NADER, 1964] •Epicrates assisi (Gestreifte Regenbogenboa) [MACHADO, 1945] •Epicrates cenchria (Rote Regenbogenboa) [LINNAEUS, 1758] •Epicrates crassus (Paraguay-, Regenbogenboa) [COPE, 1862] •Epicrates maurus (Braune Regenbogenboa) [GRAY, 1849] Gattung Eunectes (Anakondas) [WAGLER, 1830] •Eunectes beniensis [DIRKSEN, 2002] •Eunectes deschauenseei (DeSchauensee-Anakonda) [DUNN & CONANT, 1936] •Eunectes murinus (Grüne Anakonda oder Große Anakonda) [LINNAEUS, 1758] •Eunectes notaeus (Gelbe Anakonda oder Paraguay-Anakonda) [COPE, 1862] Unterfamilie Calabariinae (Erdpythons) [GRAY, 1858] Gattung Calabaria [GRAY, 1849] •Calabaria reinhardtii (Erdpython) [SCHLEGEL, 1848] Unterfamilie Candoiinae (Pazifikboas) [PYRON, BURBRINK & WIENS, 2013] Gattung Candoia (Pazifikboas) [GRAY, 1842] •Candoia aspera (Pazifikboa) [GÜNTHER, 1877] ◦Candoia aspera aspera [GÜNTHER, 1877] ◦Candoia aspera schmidti [STULL, 1932] •Candoia bibroni
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