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  • California Tumor Tissue Registry Eighty-Eighth Semi
    CALIFORN IA TUMOR TISSUE REGISTRY EIGHTY-EIGHTH SEMI -ANNUAL SLIDE SEMINAR ON TUMORS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MODERATOR: BERN W. SCHti THAUER, M. D. HEAD SECTION OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY MAYO CLINIC PROFESSOR OF PATHOLOGY ROCHESTER, MINNESOTA CHAIRMAN: PHILIP VAN HALE, M. D. ASSOCIATE PATHOLOGIST HUNTINGTON MEMORIAL HOSP ITAL PASADENA, CALIFORNIA SUNDAY - JUNE 3, 1990 9:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. REGISTRATION: 7:30 A.M. SHERATON PLAZA LA REINA ~OTEL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA (213) 642-1111 Please bring your protocol, but do not bring slides or microscopes to the meeting. CONTRIBUTOR: Bernd W. Scheithauer, M. 0. JUNE 1990 - CASE NO. 1 Rochester, Minnesota TISSUE FROM: Brain, left temporal parietal lobe ACCESSION NO. 26731 CLINICAL ABSTRACT : The patient is a 46 -year-old white ma le wh o experienced a head injury in 1960 but had no history of neurologic disturbances until 1982 at which time he noted the sudden onset of expressive aphasia. CT scan demonstrated a hypodense left temporoparietal lesion associated with a cyst. No enhancement was seen. - The patient elected to be medically observed over a five year interval, there being no intervention until symptoms interfered with his lifestyle. During that time he was maintained on phenobabital. The frequen cy of his partial complex seizures, which were characterized by expressive more than receptive aphasia, varied from one per month to six per week. They lasted from 1 to 30 minutes. No sensorimotor component was ever observed. Memory deficits followed the episodes. The first evidence of tumor enhancement was noted in 1984 and was seen to be somewhat more extensive in a 1986 study.
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  • About Ovarian Cancer Overview and Types
    cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 About Ovarian Cancer Overview and Types If you have been diagnosed with ovarian cancer or are worried about it, you likely have a lot of questions. Learning some basics is a good place to start. ● What Is Ovarian Cancer? Research and Statistics See the latest estimates for new cases of ovarian cancer and deaths in the US and what research is currently being done. ● Key Statistics for Ovarian Cancer ● What's New in Ovarian Cancer Research? What Is Ovarian Cancer? Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer and can spread. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?1 Ovarian cancers were previously believed to begin only in the ovaries, but recent evidence suggests that many ovarian cancers may actually start in the cells in the far (distal) end of the fallopian tubes. 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 What are the ovaries? Ovaries are reproductive glands found only in females (women). The ovaries produce eggs (ova) for reproduction. The eggs travel from the ovaries through the fallopian tubes into the uterus where the fertilized egg settles in and develops into a fetus. The ovaries are also the main source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. One ovary is on each side of the uterus. The ovaries are mainly made up of 3 kinds of cells. Each type of cell can develop into a different type of tumor: ● Epithelial tumors start from the cells that cover the outer surface of the ovary.
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  • Emerging Concepts and Novel Strategies in Radiation Therapy for Laryngeal Cancer Management
    cancers Review Emerging Concepts and Novel Strategies in Radiation Therapy for Laryngeal Cancer Management Mauricio E. Gamez 1,*, Adriana Blakaj 2, Wesley Zoller 1 , Marcelo Bonomi 3 and Dukagjin M. Blakaj 1 1 Division of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; [email protected] (W.Z.); [email protected] (D.M.B.) 2 Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, 35 Park St., New Haven, CT 06519, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 320 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 May 2020; Accepted: 15 June 2020; Published: 22 June 2020 Abstract: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common head and neck cancer. Its pathogenesis is strongly associated with smoking. The management of this disease is challenging and mandates multidisciplinary care. Currently, accepted treatment modalities include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy—all focused on improving survival while preserving organ function. Despite changes in smoking patterns resulting in a declining incidence of laryngeal cancer, the overall outcomes for this disease have not improved in the recent past, likely due to changes in treatment patterns and treatment-related toxicities. Here, we review emerging concepts and novel strategies in the use of radiation therapy in the management of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma that could improve the relationship between tumor control and normal tissue damage (therapeutic ratio). Keywords: laryngeal cancer; radiotherapy; IMRT; IGRT; SABR; de-escalation therapy 1.
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  • Pembrolizumab in Vaginal and Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Case Series from a Phase II Basket Trial Jefrey A
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Pembrolizumab in vaginal and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: a case series from a phase II basket trial Jefrey A. How 1, Amir A. Jazaeri 1, Pamela T. Soliman1, Nicole D. Fleming1, Jing Gong2, Sarina A. Piha‑Paul2, Filip Janku 2, Bettzy Stephen 2 & Aung Naing 2* Vaginal and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are rare tumors that can be challenging to treat in the recurrent or metastatic setting. We present a case series of patients with vaginal or vulvar SCC who were treated with single‑agent pembrolizumab as part of a phase II basket clinical trial to evaluate efcacy and safety. Two cases of recurrent and metastatic vaginal SCC, with multiple prior lines of systemic chemotherapy and radiation, received pembrolizumab. One patient had signifcant reduction (81%) in target tumor lesions prior to treatment discontinuation at cycle 10 following confrmed progression of disease with new metastatic lesions (stable disease by irRECIST criteria). In contrast, the other patient with vaginal SCC discontinued treatment after cycle 3 due to disease progression. Both patients had PD‑L1 positive vaginal tumors and tolerated treatment well. One case of recurrent vulvar SCC with multiple surgical resections and prior progression on systemic carboplatin had a 30% reduction in her target tumor lesions following pembrolizumab treatment with a PD‑L1 positive tumor. Treatment was discontinued for grade 3 mucositis after cycle 5. Pembrolizumab may provide some clinical beneft to some patients with vaginal or vulvar SCC and is overall safe to utilize in this population. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efcacy of pembrolizumab in these rare tumor types and to identify predictive biomarkers of response.
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  • Primary Peritoneal Serous Papillary Carcinoma: a Case Series
    Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics (2019) 300:1023–1028 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05280-z GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY Primary peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma: a case series Nikolaos Blontzos1 · Evangelos Vafas1 · George Vorgias1 · Nikolaos Kalinoglou1 · Christos Iavazzo1 Received: 27 May 2018 / Accepted: 22 August 2019 / Published online: 5 September 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose To present the clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as the management, of patients with primary peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma (PPSPC). Methods This is a retrospective study of 19 patients with PPSPC who underwent debulking surgery followed by frst line chemotherapy and were managed in Metaxa Memorial Cancer Hospital between January 2002 and December 2017. Results The median age of the patients was found to be 66 years (range 44–76 years). Clinical presentation of PPSPC included abdominal distention and pain, constipation, as well as loss of appetite and weight gain. Two of the patients did not mention any symptomatology and the disease was suspected by an abnormal cervical smear and elevated CA125 levels respectively. Biomarkers measurement during the initial management of the patients revealed abnormal values of CA125 for all the participants (median value 565 U/ml). Human epididymis secretory protein 4 (HE4) and ratios of blood count were also measured. Perioperative Peritoneal Cancer Index ranged from 6 to 20. Optimal debulking was achieved in 5 cases. All patients were staged as IIIC and IVA PPSPC and received standard chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin, whereas bevacizumab was added in the 5 most recent cases. Median overall survival was 29 months.
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  • Capecitabine)
    Reference number(s) 1993-A SPECIALTY GUIDELINE MANAGEMENT XELODA (capecitabine) POLICY I. INDICATIONS The indications below including FDA-approved indications and compendial uses are considered a covered benefit provided that all the approval criteria are met and the member has no exclusions to the prescribed therapy. A. FDA-Approved Indications 1. Colorectal Cancer a. Xeloda is indicated as a single agent for adjuvant treatment in patients with Dukes’ C colon cancer who have undergone complete resection of the primary tumor when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred. b. Xeloda is indicated as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred. 2. Breast Cancer a. Xeloda in combination with docetaxel is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer after failure of prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. b. Xeloda monotherapy is also indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to both paclitaxel and an anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimen or resistant to paclitaxel and for whom further anthracycline therapy is not indicated, for example, patients who have received cumulative doses of 400 mg/m2 of doxorubicin or doxorubicin equivalents. B. Compendial Uses 1. Anal cancer 2. Breast cancer 3. Central nervous system (CNS) metastases from breast cancer 4. Colorectal Cancer 5. Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer 6. Gastric cancer 7. Head and neck cancer 8. Hepatobiliary cancers (extra-/intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer) 9. Occult primary tumors (cancer of unknown primary) 10. Ovarian cancer (Epithelial ovarian cancer/fallopian tube cancer/primary peritoneal cancer/mucinous cancer) 11.
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  • Gynecological Malignancies in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano: a 3 Year Review
    Original Article Gynecological malignancies in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano: A 3 year review IA Yakasai, EA Ugwa, J Otubu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano and Center for Reproductive Health Research, Abuja, Nigeria Abstract Objective: To study the pattern of gynecological malignancies in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study carried out in the Gynecology Department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria between October 2008 and September 2011. Case notes of all patients seen with gynecological cancers were studied to determine the pattern, age and parity distribution. Results: A total of 2339 women were seen during the study period, while 249 were found to have gynecological malignancy. Therefore the proportion of gynecological malignancies was 10.7%. Out of the 249 patients with gynecological malignancies, most (48.6%) had cervical cancer, followed by ovarian cancer (30.5%), endometrial cancer (11.25%) and the least was choriocarcinoma (9.24%). The mean age for cervical carcinoma patients (46.25 ± 4.99 years) was higher than that of choriocarcinoma (29 ± 14.5 years) but lower than ovarian (57 ± 4.5years) and endometrial (62.4 ± 8.3 years) cancers. However, the mean parity for cervical cancer (7.0 ± 3) was higher than those of ovarian cancer (3 ± 3), choriocarcinoma (3.5 ± 4) and endometrial cancer (4 ± 3). The mean age at menarche for women with cervical cancer (14.5 ± 0.71 years) was lower than for those with choriocarcinoma (15 ± 0 years), ovarian (15.5 ± 2.1 years) and endometrial (16 ± 0 years) cancers.
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  • Mechanisms of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis in the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Current Hypotheses, Etiologic Factors, and Molecular Alterations
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Mechanisms of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis in the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Current Hypotheses, Etiologic Factors, and Molecular Alterations Isao Otsuka Kameda Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kamogawa 296-8602, Japan; [email protected] Abstract: Ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases. They include fallopian-tube-epithelium (FTE)-derived and ovarian-surface-epithelium (OSE)-derived tumors. The risk/protective factors suggest that the etiology of HGSCs is multifactorial. Inflammation caused by ovulation and retrograde bleeding may play a major role. HGSCs are among the most genetically altered cancers, and TP53 mutations are ubiquitous. Key driving events other than TP53 mutations include homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, such as BRCA 1/2 dysfunction, and activation of the CCNE1 pathway. HR deficiency and the CCNE1 amplification appear to be mutually exclusive. Intratumor heterogeneity resulting from genomic instability can be observed at the early stage of tumorigenesis. In this review, I discuss current carcinogenic hypotheses, sites of origin, etiologic factors, and molecular alterations of HGSCs. Keywords: ovarian cancer; high-grade serous carcinoma; carcinogenesis; molecular alterations Citation: Otsuka, I. Mechanisms of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis in the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Current Hypotheses, Etiologic 1. Introduction Factors, and Molecular Alterations. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Epithelial ovarian cancers Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 4409. (EOCs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases and can be divided into five main types, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms based on histopathology and molecular genetics [1]: high-grade serous, low-grade serous, 22094409 endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors.
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  • Enteric Peripheral Neuroblastoma in a Calf
    NOTE Pathology Enteric peripheral neuroblastoma in a calf Yusuke SAKAI1)*, Masato HIYAMA2), Saya KAGIMOTO1), Yuki MITSUI1, Miko IMAIUMI1), Takeshi OKAYAMA3), Kaori HARADONO3), Masashi SAKURAI1) and Masahiro MORIMOTO1) 1)Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan 2)Laboratory of Large Animal Clinical Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan 3)Tobu Large Animal Clinic, NOSAI Yamaguchi, 512-2 Kuhara, Shuto-cho, Iwakuni-shi, Yamaguchi 742-0417, Japan ABSTRACT. An 11-month-old female Japanese Black calf had showed chronic intestinal J. Vet. Med. Sci. symptoms. A large mass surrounding the colon wall that was continuous with the colon 81(6): 824–827, 2019 submucosa was surgically removed. After recurrence and euthanasia, a large mass in the colon region and metastatic masses in the omentum, liver, and lung were revealed at necropsy. doi: 10.1292/jvms.18-0450 Pleomorphic small cells proliferated in the mass and muscular layer of the colon. The cells were positively stained with anti-doublecortin (DCX), PGP9.5, nestin, and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Thus, the diagnosis of peripheral neuroblastoma was made. This is the first report of enteric Received: 31 July 2018 peripheral neuroblastoma in animals. Also, clear DCX staining signal suggested usefulness of DCX Accepted: 31 March 2019 immunohistochemistry to differentiate the neuroblastoma from other small cell tumors in cattle. Published online in J-STAGE: cattle, doublecortin, neuronal marker, neuronal neoplasm, peripheral neuroblastoma 9 April 2019 KEY WORDS: Neuroblastoma is an embryonal neuroectodermal neoplasm with limited neuronal differentiation that arises both in the central and peripheral nervous systems [12].
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  • Clinical Radiation Oncology Review
    Clinical Radiation Oncology Review Daniel M. Trifiletti University of Virginia Disclaimer: The following is meant to serve as a brief review of information in preparation for board examinations in Radiation Oncology and allow for an open-access, printable, updatable resource for trainees. Recommendations are briefly summarized, vary by institution, and there may be errors. NCCN guidelines are taken from 2014 and may be out-dated. This should be taken into consideration when reading. 1 Table of Contents 1) Pediatrics 6) Gastrointestinal a) Rhabdomyosarcoma a) Esophageal Cancer b) Ewings Sarcoma b) Gastric Cancer c) Wilms Tumor c) Pancreatic Cancer d) Neuroblastoma d) Hepatocellular Carcinoma e) Retinoblastoma e) Colorectal cancer f) Medulloblastoma f) Anal Cancer g) Epndymoma h) Germ cell, Non-Germ cell tumors, Pineal tumors 7) Genitourinary i) Craniopharyngioma a) Prostate Cancer j) Brainstem Glioma i) Low Risk Prostate Cancer & Brachytherapy ii) Intermediate/High Risk Prostate Cancer 2) Central Nervous System iii) Adjuvant/Salvage & Metastatic Prostate Cancer a) Low Grade Glioma b) Bladder Cancer b) High Grade Glioma c) Renal Cell Cancer c) Primary CNS lymphoma d) Urethral Cancer d) Meningioma e) Testicular Cancer e) Pituitary Tumor f) Penile Cancer 3) Head and Neck 8) Gynecologic a) Ocular Melanoma a) Cervical Cancer b) Nasopharyngeal Cancer b) Endometrial Cancer c) Paranasal Sinus Cancer c) Uterine Sarcoma d) Oral Cavity Cancer d) Vulvar Cancer e) Oropharyngeal Cancer e) Vaginal Cancer f) Salivary Gland Cancer f) Ovarian Cancer & Fallopian
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  • Laryngeal Cancer Survivorship
    About the Authors Dr. Yadro Ducic MD completed medical school and Head and Neck Surgery training in Ottawa and Toronto, Canada and finished Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Minnesota. He moved to Texas in 1997 running the Department of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery at JPS Health Network in Fort Worth, and training residents through the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. He was a full Clinical Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery. Currently, he runs a tertiary referral practice in Dallas-Fort Worth. He is Director of the Baylor Neuroscience Skullbase Program in Fort Worth, Texas and the Director of the Center for Aesthetic Surgery. He is also the Codirector of the Methodist Face Transplant Program and the Director of the Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowship in Dallas-Fort Worth sponsored by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. He has authored over 160 publications, being on the forefront of clinical research in advanced head and neck cancer and skull base surgery and reconstruction. He is devoted to advancing the care of this patient population. For more information please go to www.drducic.com. Dr. Moustafa Mourad completed his surgical training in Head and Neck Surgery in New York City from the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mt. Sinai. Upon completion of his training he sought out specialization in facial plastic, skull base, and reconstructive surgery at Baylor All Saints, under the mentorship and guidance of Dr. Yadranko Ducic. Currently he is based in New York City as the Division Chief of Head and Neck and Skull Base Surgery at Harlem Hospital, in addition to being the Director for the Center of Aesthetic Surgery in New York.
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  • A Molecular Target for Human Glioblastoma
    Kuan et al. BMC Cancer 2010, 10:468 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/10/468 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access MRP3: a molecular target for human glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy Chien-Tsun Kuan1,2*†, Kenji Wakiya1,2†, James E Herndon II2, Eric S Lipp2, Charles N Pegram1,2, Gregory J Riggins3, Ahmed Rasheed1, Scott E Szafranski1, Roger E McLendon1,2, Carol J Wikstrand4, Darell D Bigner1,2* Abstract Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is refractory to conventional therapies. To overcome the problem of heterogeneity, more brain tumor markers are required for prognosis and targeted therapy. We have identified and validated a promising molecular therapeutic target that is expressed by GBM: human multidrug-resistance protein 3 (MRP3). Methods: We investigated MRP3 by genetic and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of human gliomas to determine the incidence, distribution, and localization of MRP3 antigens in GBM and their potential correlation with survival. To determine MRP3 mRNA transcript and protein expression levels, we performed quantitative RT-PCR, raising MRP3-specific antibodies, and IHC analysis with biopsies of newly diagnosed GBM patients. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to assess the correlation of RNA expression and IHC of MRP3 with patient survival, with and without adjustment for age, extent of resection, and KPS. Results: Real-time PCR results from 67 GBM biopsies indicated that 59/67 (88%) samples highly expressed MRP3 mRNA transcripts, in contrast with minimal expression in normal brain samples. Rabbit polyvalent and murine monoclonal antibodies generated against an extracellular span of MRP3 protein demonstrated reactivity with defined MRP3-expressing cell lines and GBM patient biopsies by Western blotting and FACS analyses, the latter establishing cell surface MRP3 protein expression.
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