Visualizing-Socionics-Article-Section

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Visualizing-Socionics-Article-Section 1 Created by Andrew Joynton and Distributed under the Following License Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 0. Introduction The greatest problem in modern socionics is that it is not scientific. In its current form, socionics is difficult to falsifiable, there are no experiments that can be replicated on a mass scale and there is no standardized methodology. This is evident in the inconsistent typing of celebrities by professional socionists. If socionics is true, every person has a single type their whole lives. The fact that professionals regularly disagree means that either the theory of socionics is wrong, or that many professionals are mistaken. On some level, the socionics community needs an objective standard, which outlines the minimum sufficient evidence required to make a diagnosis and which also gives a degree of confidence. However, due to the complexity of socionics, there are many different paths to determining type. Even if clear standards are developed, the diversity of methods would make it hard to debate and come to a consensus. This is compounded by the fact that there are different schools of socionics that agree they are defining the same sixteen types but use completely different models to do so. The solution is to reduce the different theories and approaches into simple traits that everyone can agree on. There may be many ways to accomplish this, but the most obvious is to use the existing dichotomy structure that reduces everything into binary traits which is already fully integrated in the theory of socionics. Dichotomies have two aspects: structural and empirical. Structurally, dichotomies show how concepts relate to each other. Even if dichotomies lack a useful definition, they can be used as simple groups and mathematically keep track of how complex ideas relate to each other. Since model A was created in a logical and consistent way, every part can be represented as combinations of dichotomies. This also allows two models to be broken down and compared piece by piece, acting as a bridge between different schools of thought in socionics. Accepting socionics requires accepting the structural nature of dichotomies, but not their current empirical definitions. This paper will not focus much on this debate, but it will show how each Reinin dichotomy is related to a combination of information elements and functions in model A and how more accurate and robust definitions could be created with this in mind. If dichotomies can be defined in terms of information metabolism, it will be the first step in making model A testible. Unlike most psychology theories, socionics does not just rate individuals on a set of scales, but predicts additional traits. A huge potential for this property is to use it as a self-correcting system. It is possible to analyze a set of partially correct traits and determine what information is most likely wrong. In a clinical 2 setting, the practitioner can then double check those traits to try to resolve the error. In the case of inconsistent celebrity typings, the aggregate data from many people can be compared to reveal the most consistent and controversial traits and then focus energy on resolving the controversy: the more information that supports a type, the more confident the diagnosis. Limiting research to individuals who score highly consistent will normalize socionics experiments and make them replicable. This property of interdependent traits can additionally make socionics falsifiable. Until research can be conducted into a more objective measurement of information metabolism, such as Dario Nardi’s brain imaging of Myers Briggs types, socionics can only be proved indirectly. From the fifteen Reinin dichotomies, there are about thirty three thousand possible combinations but only sixteen possible types. If it can be proved that these dichotomies appear in clusters predicted by the sixteen types and are not random, this is a good step toward statistically validating correlations predicted by socionics. The internal consistency of dichotomy measurements can also validate or falsify a specific test. Even if good reliable definitions for each dichotomy are created, there still needs to be a way for a subject to fail the evaluation. There are many reasons that may lead to a person to not being in the right state of mind to be evaluated and there must be a way to test for these errors and measure how conclusive the test is. Assuming such a method can be established and tested, this would create a tool that will greatly increase the accuracy of type diagnosis among all who practice socionics. As it stands, there are a lot of very promising hypotheses in socionics that are only waiting to be rigorously tested, such as the current definitions of the Reinin dichotomies and the small groups pioneered by both Reinin and Gulenko. Unfortunately, few people understand how this structure works, leaving the dichotomies and small groups confusing and unrelatable. In the English socionics community, almost no one understand how the Reinin dichotomies are generated, how model A relates to dichotomies, how small groups work, or really anything outside of the basic rules for positioning information elements within model A. This isn’t their fault. To formally understand the structure requires knowing abstract algebra and group theory. Not many psychologists are also mathematicians. A few years ago, in my own attempt to teach myself the theory of small groups; I created a diagram that made understanding the relationship easy. With more experimenting, I found that every aspect in socionics can be understood with these diagrams. Anyone can learn the basic rules for operating them, and once they do, the entire structure of socionics will make sense. The diagrams take the structural properties of socionics and convert them into a physical object which works by nature of spatial relationships and requiring no knowledge of math to use correctly. If these diagrams are adopted and taught by the establishment, it will have the effect of making everyone who understands them completely literate in the structure of socionics. This is the first step in realizing the potential use of the systematic approach of socionics and making a scientific methodology. This paper is dedicated to explaining how this diagram method works, using it to understand the structural relationships that already exist in classical socionics and then applying their properties to experiment design. This paper will first illustrate how this diagram method works by examining the Reinin Dichotomies, next show how the Reinin dichotomies are connected to Model A, then reduce the entire theory into structural components and create a master map of all of socionics and finaly conclude by applying all this knowledge to experiment and test design. 3 Table of Contents 0. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Diagram Method ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Basic Theory .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Dichotomies and Tetrachotomies......................................................................................................... 4 Generating Reinin Dichotomies from Jungian Dichotomies ............................................................ 5 Falsifying Claims with the Identity Element ..................................................................................... 6 Notating the Sixteen Type Dichotomies .......................................................................................... 6 Properties of Tetrachotomies and Small Groups ............................................................................. 7 Fano Plane Diagrams ............................................................................................................................ 9 Constructing a Fano Plane ............................................................................................................. 10 Properties of a Fano Plane ............................................................................................................. 10 A Fano Plane with Type Dichotomies ............................................................................................ 11 Solving for Additional Traits ........................................................................................................... 11 Groups in Socionics with Eight Elements ....................................................................................... 13 The Eight Functions and Information Elements Represented with Fano Planes ........................... 13 Summary of Fano Planes................................................................................................................ 15 Pyramid Diagrams ..............................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Socionics Vs MBTI
    Socionics Theorem The MBTI ® Brief History: Socionics theorem, available The MBTI ®, available since the since the 1970s, currently 1940s, currently represents one represents one of the least of the most widely used and known albeit newest accepted interpretations of Carl interpretations of Carl Jung’s Jung’s original Psychological original Psychological Types . Types , first written in the 1920s. Created primarily by Aushra Created primarily by Isabel Augusta, a Lithuanian Briggs, an American psycho- Psychologist and ‘ILE’ type theorist and ‘INFP’ type according to the Socionic model according to the Myers-Briggs of the psyche. Temperament Instrument ®. A relatively new and modern Based almost entirely off Carl theorem with re-worked theories Jung's theories with the inclusion and ideas from Carl Jung, of a 'four types of person' model Sigmund Freud and Antoni derived from centuries old Kepinski. observations. The Sixteen Psychological Types: Sixteen base types identified as Sixteen absolute types identified secondary reference points for as primary reference points for understanding relationships. understanding individuals. Generally places an emphasis on Generally places an emphasis on an individual type as relative to an individual type as absolute other types to varying degrees. with specific 'pros and cons'. Minimal potential for The Forer Maximal potential for The Forer Effect when describing individual Effect when describing as types. individuals as types. The Sixteen Inter-Type Relations: Relationships between four out Relationships between all sixteen of sixteen types appear unequal types appear equal and and asymmetrical. symmetrical. It is generally ‘easier’ to It is generally ‘harder’ to understand relationships because understand relationships because inter-type interactions are the the individual types themselves 'reference point'.
    [Show full text]
  • Socionics: the Effective Theory of the Mental Structure and the Interpersonal Relations Forecasting Bukalov A.V., Karpenko O.B., Chykyrysova G.V
    Socionics: the effective theory of the mental structure and the interpersonal relations forecasting Bukalov A.V., Karpenko O.B., Chykyrysova G.V. (International Institute of Socionics, Melnikova str., 12, Kiev, 02206, Ukraine. E-mail: [email protected] ) Socionics, the theory of informational metabolism, has developed a whole spec- trum of new intellectual technologies used in personnel management, pedagogic, investigation of interpersonal relations in family, psychotherapy, for formation of effective workgroups and development of artificial intelligence systems. It is de- scribed the basic categories of modeling of the informational structure of psyche and the main principles of modeling of interaction between the subjects as the dif- ferent types of the informational structures. 1. Introduction The scientific basis of Socionics was created in early 70-th of the XX century by Aušra Augustinavičiūtė (Lithuania). Socionics is a further development of Jung ty- pology transformed into a science of 16 psychological types of personality. A. Augustinavičiūtė used A. Kępiński concept of information processes in creating her own informational model of human mind - the “A” (Aušra's 8-element) mod- els. This allowed describing various aspects of personality thinking and behavior by representing personality as a type of informational metabolism (TIM) with indi- cation of its strong and weak sides. This implied the possibility of describing and forecasting not only behavior of IM types, but relationships between such types as well. These relationships are condi- tioned by informational exchange between identical IM functions located at differ- ent positions in the IM model of types. Such description is an advance in the sphere of sciences about human being.
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming the Enterprise Architecture Through Personnel Design
    E3S Web of Conferences 138, 02010 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913802010 CATPID-2019 Transforming the enterprise architecture through personnel design Igor Petrov1*, Lev Bulychev1 , Natalia Bushueva2 , and Aleksandr Zheltenkov 3 1Vyatka State University, 36, Moskovskaya str., Kirov, Russia 2 University named after S.Yu. Witte, 2nd Kozhukhovsky passage, 12, bld.1, Moscow 3 Moscow Region State University, 105005, Radio str, 10A, Moscow, Russia Abstract. Changes in the external environment, market and technology require adaptability and flexibility of organizations. It is realized through system monitoring and continuous business transformation and requires changes in the system of goals and indicators, policies, business processes, organizational structure, and IT solutions. Such transformations need systemic coordination in several functional areas: strategic management, performance management, business process management, organizational design, information systems design, personnel management, knowledge management, etc. The article describes possibilities of transforming the enterprise architecture through personnel design. This method is not studied well enough as the human factor is mostly unpredictable, but it is the basis of all transformations. The developed methodology was tested at the department of Vyatka State University. As a result, the authors have identified reasons for the low efficiency of certain types of activities and described necessary intertypes for strengthening positions. The research states that intertype analysis allows to simulate the microclimate in a department or organization. Moreover, understanding intertype relationships helps to manage implicit knowledge and communication between employees, which is very important according to Kaizen. 1 Introduction Currently, the company needs to respond quickly to changes in the external environment, market and technology, to be flexible and meet different internal and external standards.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foundations of Socionics ᅢ까タᅡモ a Review
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Cognitive Systems Research 47 (2018) 1–11 www.elsevier.com/locate/cogsys The foundations of socionics – A review Karol Pietrak Institute of Heat Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 21/25, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland Received 3 May 2017; received in revised form 22 June 2017; accepted 16 July 2017 Available online 22 July 2017 Abstract This paper discusses the foundations of the theory of socionics, including the rationale behind Ausˇra Augustinavicˇiut e’s_ model of information processing by the human psyche, and the philosophical thought behind the concept of information metabolism elements. Socionics was developed in the former Soviet Union and may be regarded as analogous to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator typology of personality. The main goal of this paper is to present socionics to the English-speaking community, in order to better take advantage of its explanatory potential in the fields of interpersonal communication and psychological disorders. Reviewed topics include aspects of Jungian analytical psychology and Kezpin´ski’s information metabolism theory, upon which Augustinavicˇiut e_ based her model. After the model is presented, its theoretical implications are briefly discussed. Ó 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cognitive psychology; Biological cybernetics; Socionics; Information metabolism 1. Introduction it is built upon the analysis of interactions between living organisms (especially humans) with their environment. In the 1980s, Lithuanian sociologist Ausˇra Augustinav The work of Augustinavicˇiut e_ is based on the findings of icˇiut e_ wrote several papers collected and published in Freudian psychoanalysis (Freud, 1915, 1920, 1923), Jun- 1998 in a book entitled ‘‘Socionics.
    [Show full text]
  • 28 159-163 Badri 1 Socionica +
    Transactions. Georgian Technical University. AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS - No 1(8), 2010 SOCIONICS BASED FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM Badri Meparishvili, Qetevan Meparishvili, Nino Tavberidze Georgian Technical University Abstract This paper deals with problems of Socionics as an important means of expert systems in social communication systems. For the time of its development, a whole spectrum of new intellectual technologies similar to pedagogic, interpersonal relations in family and public, psychotherapy, personnel management, formation of effective workgroups stipulate development of artificial intelligence systems, and especially - expert systems. The socionic knowledge allows organizing management or production in all spheres of human activity more effectively. The proposed approach of computer-based Socionic technologies has the potential to add a new perspective to Socionics and multi-agent systems research in general. Keywords: Socionics. Social technologies. Informational science. Artificial intelligence systems. Personnel management. 1. Introduction The human civilization enters a new phase of its development, in which information technologies, such as Internet, are determining. Socionics, in turn, offers psycho-informational technologies, which allow human consciousness to be on the same level with achievements of information and electronic technologies. It is known that when human thinking is behind technical development of a society this result in huge quantity of social problems. Being an independent organization, the International Socionic institute is open for cooperation with state, public and private structures in training socionic technologies and their practical application. Existing and created socionic technologies stimulate, in turn, development of new information technologies, and this process goes with acceleration. It is obviously, that societies, countries, states fully using socionic methods and technologies, receive significant advantage against sociums and states not using them.
    [Show full text]
  • Reddit: a Gold Mine for Personality Prediction
    Reddit: A Gold Mine for Personality Prediction Matej Gjurkovic´ and Jan Šnajder University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Text Analysis and Knowledge Engineering Lab Unska 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia {matej.gjurkovic,jan.snajder}@fer.hr Abstract well-established model which classifies personality traits along five dimensions: extraversion, agree- Automated personality prediction from social media is gaining increasing attention in natural ableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and open- language processing and social sciences com- ness. In contrast, the Myers-Briggs Type Indica- munities. However, due to high labeling costs tor model (MBTI) (Myers et al., 1990) recognizes and privacy issues, the few publicly available 16 personality types spanned by four dimensions: datasets are of limited size and low topic di- Introversion/Extraversion (how one gains energy), versity. We address this problem by introduc- Sensing/iNtuition (how one processes information), ing a large-scale dataset derived from Reddit, a Thinking/Feeling (how one makes decisions), and source so far overlooked for personality predic- tion. The dataset is labeled with Myers-Briggs Judging/Perceiving (how one presents herself or Type Indicators (MBTI) and comes with a rich himself to the outside world). Despite some contro- set of features for more than 9k users. We versy regarding test validity and reliability (Barb- carry out a preliminary feature analysis, reveal- uto Jr, 1997), the MBTI model has found numerous ing marked differences between the MBTI di- applications, especially in the industry1 and for self- mensions and poles. Furthermore, we use the discovery. Although the Big Five and MBTI mod- dataset to train and evaluate benchmark per- els are built on different theoretical perspectives, sonality prediction models, achieving macro studies have shown their dimensions to be corre- F1-scores between 67% and 82% on the indi- vidual dimensions and 82% accuracy for exact lated (McCrae and Costa, 1989; Furnham, 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Extending the Abstraction of Personality Types Based on MBTI with Machine Learning & Natural Language Processing
    Extending the Abstraction of Personality Types based on MBTI with Machine Learning & Natural Language Processing (NLP) Carlos Basto Abstract This study focuses on the essential basis for the classification of psychological types – that is, the basis This paper presents a data-centric approach with for determining a broader spectrum of characteristics Natural Language Processing (NLP) to predict derived from a human being (Jung and Baynes, 1953)– personality types based on the MBTI (an through the use of machine learning and natural language introspective self-assessment questionnaire that processing. This topic is crucial in differential indicates different psychological preferences psychology and has been extensively worked on by Carl Jung (further details and correlated studies available no about how people perceive the world and make 1 decisions) through systematic enrichment of IAAP ) which allows us to ensure that the psychological text representation, based on the domain of the classification of different types of individuals is a area, under the generation of features based on promising step towards self-knowledge. three types of analysis: sentimental, grammatical and aspects. The experimentation Under Jung's proposal (Geyer, 2014), a dominant had a robust baseline of stacked models, with function, along with the dominant attitude, characterizes premature optimization of hyperparameters consciousness, while its opposite is repressed and through grid search, with gradual feedback, for characterizes the unconscious. This dualism is extremely each of the four classifiers (dichotomies) of valuable in understanding and, eventually, predicting MBTI. The results showed that attention to the personality types. Thus, this classification opened doors data iteration loop focused on quality, for further enrichment of his work.
    [Show full text]
  • War Against Terrorism: New Challenges to Military Personnel Selection
    War against Terrorism: New Challenges to Military Personnel Selection Sergey Lytaev*, Aleksandr Voronov**, Valeriy Nozdrachev**, Andrei Sinyukhin**, George Timoshinov**, Mikhail Savenkov*,** Institute for Informatics & Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences* “Jupiter Z” Research & Development Center** Saint Petersburg, Russia [email protected] Introduction The global war against terrorism increases drastically psycho–emotional stress on military personnel, demands tougher standards for their moral and psychological qualities, and raises the price of human errors [15-17]. In this situation it becomes more and more evident that development of principles and methods of personnel selection lags behind the quickly changing conditions of modern military service. In this paper a conceptual project for professional selection of military personnel is presented that is addressing a number of the most pressing problems of updating selection methods in accordance with the demands of the time. The project is being developed by “Jupiter–Z R&D” Center together with other institutes from Saint Petersburg (Russia). Professional selection yesterday & today In recent years professional psychological selection (PPS) has encountered the following challenges [5, 18, 19]: Deterioration of individual psychological characteristics of young people caused to a large extent by deterioration of the socio-economic situation; Toughening of requirements to individual psychological characteristics of military personnel; Increasing economic losses caused by attrition of military personnel due to professional unsuitability. Increasing cost of human errors, including those leading to life- and health- threatening accidents. The system for evaluation of professional suitability of military personnel (in place since 1985) uses four categories of professional suitability (with some variations for different types of military units): 1st — priority acceptance; 2nd — unconditional acceptance; 3rd — conditional acceptance; 4th — rejection.
    [Show full text]
  • Formation of Effective Leading Project Teams: a Multi- Objective Approach
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 441 6th International Conference on Social, economic, and academic leadership (ICSEAL-6-2019) Formation of Effective Leading Project Teams: A Multi- Objective Approach Dmitriy Pavlov* Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin” Kalinina str. 13, 350044 Krasnodar Russian Federation e-mail: [email protected] Irina Yahontova Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin” Kalinina str. 13, 350044 Krasnodar Russian Federation e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The formation of project executives is the most important task facing the project manager and a project leader. Indeed, it is possible to formulate goals correctly, set tasks correctly, choose appropriate management methods and mechanisms, but all this may be in vain if not enough attention is paid to personnel selection. The paper considers the existing approaches to the formation of project teams. The task of forming the team of project executives in the general case is to re-group them by project teams on the basis of the existing set of applicants with many different indicators so that the combined interaction between the members of each team would be as effective as possible. It is worth noting that this problem reduces to the NP-hard problem of combinatorial choice. However, along with the assessment of the professional suitability of employees and roles, it is necessary to consider several indicators: psychological compatibility between team members, the degree of interchangeability in the context of the work performed, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Socionic Analysis As a Tool for Optimizing Relationships in Small Social Groups
    Socionic analysis as a tool for optimizing relationships in small social groups Morushko Alexander Andreychuk Stanislaw Department SKID Department SR National University "Lviv Polytechnic" National University "Lviv Polytechnic" Lviv, Ukraine Lviv, Ukraine [email protected] [email protected] Society is a complex social system, the main small social group whose members share common component is a small social group. Determination of activity and are stable in direct personal contact, which integral social model of a small group permit to is the basis for the emergence of emotional optimize dealings between the members of group and relationships as well as special group values and norms consciously shape its staff under fulfilment specific of behavior. Its staff number may vary, but the best is 7 tasks. The most prevalent method today for + 2 [1]. determining social type of person is typology by Jung, The most common method today on the definition of and originated on its basis Socionics. Socionics allows human psycho typology of C.-G. Yung. According to it, to disseminate communicative experience, originated with the help of 4 pairs of dichotomous attributes it is a number of teams by the model of the pattern, which possible to define psycho basic of a person, all in all justified itself. It also further correct choice of the there are 16 of them. Yung doctrine received in the leader of a small social group. West the development called as the typology of Myers Bryhhs, and in post-Soviet countries - Socionics (author Keywords: small group, psychological type, of the concept - A. Auhustynavichyute). The difference socionic analysis, compatibility, leader.
    [Show full text]
  • Socionics Upgrading Jungian Typology What Is Socionics?
    SOCIONICS UPGRADING JUNGIAN TYPOLOGY WHAT IS SOCIONICS? • A theory of 16 personality types • Created in the 1970’s by Lithuanian psychologist, Aušra Augustinavičiūtė a.k.a. Aushra Augusta • Adapted from Carl Jung’s Psychological Types • Incorporated Antoni Kępiński’s theory of Information Metabolism • Very popular in Eastern Europe, with centres in Moscow and Kiev • MBTI’s big, Russian cousin SOCIONICS ONLINE 2005 - the16types.info First online forum in English 2007 - Wikisocion.net First English online resource for all things Socionics. 2014 - World Socionics Society Largest Socionics-themed Facebook group. Also a YouTube channel and Blog. SOCIONICS ONLINE Richard DeLong - IEE / ENFp Birth: USA Current location: somewhere between Ukraine and Georgia Known for: First introducing Socionics to an English-speaking audience. Helping to found the16types.info and Wikisocion. Work: Runs multiple websites, including TryUkraine.com and a blog called the(ex)Socionist SOCIONICS ONLINE Dr. Peter Bartl - LIE / ENTj Birth: Brazil Current location: Hampshire, United Kingdom Known for: Working closely with Rick DeLong, running the16types and making contributions to Wikisocion. Now helps to run the World Socionics Society with me. Work: Chemical Engineer SOCIONICS ONLINE Jack Oliver Aaron - ILE / ENTp Birth: London, UK Current location: London, UK Known for: Setting up the World Socionics Society and a monthly meetup group in London. Helped get multiple other Socionics meetups running around the world. Work: Business Psychologist in Training SOCIONICS AROUND THE WORLD PROBLEM: SOCIONICS AN UPGRADE? Much harder to learn • Newer than predecessor • Has to improve on predecessor • New components are added • Existing components refined • Faulty components replaced • Result: More powerful and efficient SOCIONICS & MBTI - THE SIMILARITIES • Theories of Jungian psychological type • Law of psychological asymmetry • Rationality vs.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Socionic Characteristics of Males and Females for Improving the Reliability of Aptitude Screening of Aviation Specialists
    Original article Dependability, vol. 21 no. 1, 2021 https://doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2021-21-1-45-54 A study of the socionic characteristics of males and females for improving the reliability of aptitude screening of aviation specialists Olga V. Arinicheva1*, Alexey V. Malishevsky1 1Saint Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation *[email protected] Abstract. Aim. This article continues the series of studies aimed at improving the aptitude screening of commercial aviation personnel. The socionic characteristics of a human operator define his/her work with information flows, and their significance is the higher, the greater is the time shortage they have to deal with as part of their professional activities, therefore, in this paper, those characteristics were examined as professionally important qualities of both a pilot, and an air traffic controller. The task consisted in evaluating the socionic characteristics of male and female control room specialists, who have successfully completed aptitude screening in commercial aviation, identifying the presence or absence of differences between the obtained results. Additionally, for the sake of comparison, the research covered the socionic character- istics of males and females, whose professional activities have nothing to do with technology. In total, the study includes data of over 3116 tested persons. Methods. The 5-th modification Olga V. Arinicheva of the MM-1 socionic test developed by the Saint Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation was used as the psychodiagnostic method for estimating constituent socionic characteristics. The obtained samples were primarily compared using Pearson’s chi-squared test. The results were also processed using correlation analysis.
    [Show full text]