Understanding Avian Plasmodium Distribution: the Role of Vector and Host
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Health Risk Assessment for the Introduction of Eastern Wild Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo Silvestris) Into Nova Scotia
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center Newsletters & Publications for April 2004 Health risk assessment for the introduction of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) into Nova Scotia A.S. Neimanis F.A. Leighton Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmccwhcnews Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Neimanis, A.S. and Leighton, F.A., "Health risk assessment for the introduction of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) into Nova Scotia" (2004). Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Newsletters & Publications. 48. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmccwhcnews/48 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Newsletters & Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Health risk assessment for the introduction of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) into Nova Scotia A.S. Neimanis and F.A. Leighton 30 April 2004 Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre Department of Veterinary Pathology Western College of Veterinary Medicine 52 Campus Dr. University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5B4 Tel: 306-966-7281 Fax: 306-966-7439 [email protected] [email protected] 1 SUMMARY This health risk assessment evaluates potential health risks associated with a proposed introduction of wild turkeys to the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia. The preferred source for the turkeys would be the Province of Ontario, but alternative sources include the northeastern United States from Minnesota eastward and Tennessee northward. -
Data-Driven Identification of Potential Zika Virus Vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad a Dallas1,3, Barbara a Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8
RESEARCH ARTICLE Data-driven identification of potential Zika virus vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad A Dallas1,3, Barbara A Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8 1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 2Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 3Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, Davis, United States; 4Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, United States; 5Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 6Center for Tropical Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 7Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 8River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States Abstract Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens. We suggest that empirical studies prioritize these species to confirm predictions of vector competence, enabling the correct identification of populations at risk for transmission within the United States. *For correspondence: mvevans@ DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22053.001 uga.edu Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist. -
Catalogo De Los Diptera De Nicaragua. 4. Culicidae (Nematocera)
Rev Rev. Nica. Ent., (1990) 14:19-39. CATALOGO DE LOS DIPTERA DE NICARAGUA. 4. CULICIDAE (NEMATOCERA). Por Jean-Michel Maes * & Pedro Rivera Mendoza.** Resumen. Este catálogo presenta las 40 especies de Culicidae (Diptera : Nematocera) reportadas de Nicaragua. Para cada especie se cita la sinonimia, la distribución geográfica, los hospederos, las enfermedades transmitidas y los enemigos naturales. La bibliografía conocida está agregada. Abstract. This catalogue presents the 40 species of Culicidae (Diptera : Nematocera) reported from Nicaragua. The geographical distribution, synonyms, hosts, diseases transmitted and natural enemies are given for each species. A bibliography of the Nicaraguayan species is included. * Museo Entomológico, A.P. 527, León, Nicaragua. ** Director del Departamento de Entomología Médica del Centro Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, Villa Ruben Darío M-254, Managua - 14, Nicaragua. file:///C|/My%20Documents/REVISTA/REV%2014A/14A%20Culicidae.htm (1 of 25) [20/12/2002 03:34:12 p.m.] Rev Introducción. Los Culicidae forman una familia numerosa de Diptera Nematocera. Las larvas son acuáticas, los adultos pueden ser identificados por la venacion alar presentando escamas y la proboscis larga. Son importantes a nivel medico por ser vectores de muchas enfermedades tropicales. Las larvas de zancudos se encuentran en muchos tipos de aguas, por ejemplo en charcos, huecos o recipientos artificiales, cada especie tiene un tipo de agua característico donde se reproduce. Los huevos son dejados en paquetes sobre la superficie del agua. Las larvas comen algas y materia vegetal en decomposición. Las larvas respiran principalmente a la superficie, ayudandose muchas veces de un sifón. La pupas son acuáticas y al contrario de los otros insectos, son bastante activas. -
Wing Variation in Culex Nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Urban Parks
de Carvalho et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:423 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2348-5 RESEARCH Open Access Wing variation in Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) in urban parks Gabriela Cristina de Carvalho1, Daniel Pagotto Vendrami2, Mauro Toledo Marrelli1,2 and André Barretto Bruno Wilke1* Abstract Background: Culex nigripalpus has a wide geographical distribution and is found in North and South America. Females are considered primary vectors for several arboviruses, including Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and Eastern equine encephalitis virus, as well as a potential vector of West Nile virus. In view of the epidemiological importance of this mosquito and its high abundance, this study sought to investigate wing variation in Cx. nigripalpus populations from urban parks in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Female mosquitoes were collected in seven urban parks in the city of São Paulo between 2011 and 2013. Eighteen landmark coordinates from the right wing of each female mosquito were digitized, and the dissimilarities between populations were assessed by canonical variate analysis and cross-validated reclassification and by constructing a Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree based on Mahalanobis distances. The centroid size was calculated to determine mean wing size in each population. Results: Canonical variate analysis based on fixed landmarks of the wing revealed a pattern of segregation between urban and sylvatic Cx. nigripalpus, a similar result to that revealed by the NJ tree topology, in which the population from Shangrilá Park segregated into a distinct branch separate from the other more urban populations. Conclusion: Environmental heterogeneity may be affecting the wing shape variation of Cx. -
A Classification System for Mosquito Life Cycles: Life Cycle Types for Mosquitoes of the Northeastern United States
June, 2004 Journal of Vector Ecology 1 Distinguished Achievement Award Presentation at the 2003 Society for Vector Ecology Meeting A classification system for mosquito life cycles: life cycle types for mosquitoes of the northeastern United States Wayne J. Crans Mosquito Research and Control, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A. Received 8 January 2004; Accepted 16 January 2004 ABSTRACT: A system for the classification of mosquito life cycle types is presented for mosquito species found in the northeastern United States. Primary subdivisions include Univoltine Aedine, Multivoltine Aedine, Multivoltine Culex/Anopheles, and Unique Life Cycle Types. A montotypic subdivision groups life cycle types restricted to single species. The classification system recognizes 11 shared life cycle types and three that are limited to single species. Criteria for assignments include: 1) where the eggs are laid, 2) typical larval habitat, 3) number of generations per year, and 4) stage of the life cycle that overwinters. The 14 types in the northeast have been named for common model species. A list of species for each life cycle type is provided to serve as a teaching aid for students of mosquito biology. Journal of Vector Ecology 29 (1): 1-10. 2004. Keyword Index: Mosquito biology, larval mosquito habitats, classification of mosquito life cycles. INTRODUCTION strategies that do not fit into any of the four basic temperate types that Bates described in his book. Two There are currently more than 3,000 mosquito of the mosquitoes he suggested as model species occur species in the world grouped in 39 genera and 135 only in Europe and one of his temperate life cycle types subgenera (Clements 1992, Reinert 2000, 2001). -
Presence of Dirofilaria Immitis in Mosquitoes in Southeastern Georgia
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern University Honors Program Theses 2019 Presence of Dirofilaria immitis in mosquitoes in Southeastern Georgia Angelica C. Tumminello Georgia Southern University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/honors-theses Part of the Laboratory and Basic Science Research Commons, Other Animal Sciences Commons, Parasitology Commons, Small or Companion Animal Medicine Commons, and the Veterinary Infectious Diseases Commons Recommended Citation Tumminello, Angelica C., "Presence of Dirofilaria immitis in mosquitoes in Southeastern Georgia" (2019). University Honors Program Theses. 495. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/honors-theses/495 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Program Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Presence of Dirofilaria immitis in mosquitoes in Southeastern Georgia An Honors Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Biology by Angelica C. Tumminello Under the mentorship of Dr. William Irby, PhD ABSTRACT Canine heartworm disease is caused by the filarial nematode Dirofilaria immitis, which is transmitted by at least 25 known species of mosquito vectors. This study sought to understand which species of mosquitoes are present in Bulloch County, Georgia, and which species are transmitting canine heartworm disease. This study also investigated whether particular canine demographics correlated with a greater risk of heartworm disease. Surveillance of mosquitoes was conducted in known heartworm-positive canine locations using traditional gravid trapping and vacuum sampling. Mosquito samples were frozen until deemed inactive, then identified by species and sex. -
August 2019 in St
Monthly Report AUGUST 2019 From the Director: The late summer month of August is the time of the year when South Loui- sianans are most at risk of infection from an arthropod-borne virus (arbovi- rus). Every year thousands of residents are bitten by mosquitoes infected with Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE), and West Nile virus (WNV). All three endemic arboviruses in the region are primarily amplified by birds and transmitted by mosquitoes among birds, and incidentally to humans and other hosts. Fortunately, most of these infectious bites cause no or minor pathology and symptoms in humans. For the unfortunate minority, this trio of arboviral pathogens can be life-al- tering and life ending in some tragic cases. Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) Eastern equine encephalitis virus is the rarest and most dangerous of the three arboviruses. Nearly a third of people that develop neurological symp- toms from EEE die from the infection. Culiseta melanura mosquitoes, a freshwater swamp species that primarily feeds on birds, are the primary Kevin A. Caillouet, Ph.D., M.S.P.H. vectors of EEE. Culiseta melanura are difficult to find in nature, as they rear Director their larvae in cryptic habitats in forested swamps. Adult Cs. melanura do not readily enter mosquito traps. Though most mosquitoes infected with EEE are Cs. melanura, occasionally other species may bite an infected bird and pose a more significant risk to humans. A single pool (or group) of EEE-infected Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes was collected from Fairview Riverside State Park on August 28th. -
North American Wetlands and Mosquito Control
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 4537-4605; doi:10.3390/ijerph9124537 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article North American Wetlands and Mosquito Control Jorge R. Rey 1,*, William E. Walton 2, Roger J. Wolfe 3, C. Roxanne Connelly 1, Sheila M. O’Connell 1, Joe Berg 4, Gabrielle E. Sakolsky-Hoopes 5 and Aimlee D. Laderman 6 1 Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory and Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida-IFAS, Vero Beach, FL 342962, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (S.M.O.C.) 2 Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Franklin, CT 06254, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Biohabitats, Inc., 2081 Clipper Park Road, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 Cape Cod Mosquito Control Project, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-772-778-7200 (ext. 136). Received: 11 September 2012; in revised form: 21 November 2012 / Accepted: 22 November 2012 / Published: 10 December 2012 Abstract: Wetlands are valuable habitats that provide important social, economic, and ecological services such as flood control, water quality improvement, carbon sequestration, pollutant removal, and primary/secondary production export to terrestrial and aquatic food chains. There is disagreement about the need for mosquito control in wetlands and about the techniques utilized for mosquito abatement and their impacts upon wetlands ecosystems. -
Mosquito and Arbovirus Activity During 1997–2002 in a Wetland in Northeastern Mississippi
VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES,SURVEILLANCE,PREVENTION Mosquito and Arbovirus Activity During 1997–2002 in a Wetland in Northeastern Mississippi E. W. CUPP,1 K. J. TENNESSEN,2, 3 W. K. OLDLAND,2 H. K. HASSAN,4 G. E. HILL,5 6 4 C. R. KATHOLI, AND T. R. UNNASCH J. Med. Entomol. 41(3): 495Ð501 (2004) ABSTRACT The species composition and population dynamics of adult mosquitoes in a wetland near Iuka, MS, were analyzed over a 6-yr period (1997Ð2002)and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)detection rates of arboviruses determined during Þve of those years. Blood meals of three likely vector species were identiÞed using a PCR-based method that allows identiÞcation of the host to species. Culex erraticus (Dyar & Knab)composed 51.9% of the population during the 6-yr period with 295 females collected per trap night. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE)virus was detected in six genera of mosquitoes [Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker), Culex restuans Theobald, Culex salinarius Coquillett, Culex erraticus (Dyar & Knab), Anopheles crucians Wiedemann, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, Aedes vexans (Meigen), Ochlerotatus triseriatus Say, and Psorophora ferox Hum- boldt)with positive pools occurring in 1998, 1999, and 2002. Culiseta melanura Coquillett occurred at a low level (Ͻ1%)and was not infected. Saint Louis encephalitis virus was detected once in a single pool of Cx. erraticus in 1998. Neither West Nile virus nor LaCrosse virus was found. Minimum infection rates per 1000 females tested of competent vectors of EEE virus were variable and ranged from 0.14 for Cx. erraticus to 40.0 for Oc. triseriatus. Thirty-nine species of birds were identiÞed in the focus with blood-engorged mosquitoes found to contain meals (n ϭ 29)from eight avian species. -
Guidelines for Arbovirus Surveillance Programs in the United States
GUIDELINES FOR ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES C.G. Moore, R.G. McLean, C.J. Mitchell, R.S. Nasci, T.F. Tsai, C.H. Calisher, A.A. Marfin, P.S. Moore, and D.J. Gubler Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Public Health Service U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Fort Collins, Colorado April, 1993 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 Purpose of The Guidelines ........................................................... 1 General Considerations ............................................................. 1 Seasonal Dynamics ................................................................ 2 Patch Dynamics and Landscape Ecology ................................................ 2 Meteorologic Data Monitoring ........................................................ 2 Vertebrate Host Surveillance ......................................................... 3 Domestic chickens .......................................................... 4 Free-ranging wild birds ...................................................... 5 Equines .................................................................. 5 Other domestic and wild mammals ............................................. 5 Mosquito Surveillance .............................................................. 6 Human Case Surveillance ........................................................... 6 Laboratory Methods to -
Clearing up Culex Confusion
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1185 Clearing up Culex Confusion A Basis for Virus Vector Discrimination in Europe JENNY C. HESSON ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-554-9044-7 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-232726 2014 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Zootissalen, Villavägen 9, 2 tr, Uppsala, Friday, 7 November 2014 at 10:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Laura D Kramer (Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, USA). Abstract Hesson, J. C. 2014. Clearing up Culex Confusion. A Basis for Virus Vector Discrimination in Europe. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1185. 56 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9044-7. Mosquito species of the Culex genus are the enzootic vectors for several bird-associated viruses that cause disease in humans. In Europe, these viruses include Sindbis (SINV), West Nile and Usutu viruses. The morphologically similar females of Cx. torrentium and Cx. pipiens are potential vectors of these viruses, but difficulties in correctly identifying the mosquito species have caused confusion regarding their respective distribution, abundance, ecology, and consequently their importance as vectors. Species-specific knowledge from correctly identified field material is however of crucial importance since previous research shows that the relatively unknown Cx. torrentium is a far more efficient SINV vector than the widely recognized Cx. pipiens. The latter is involved in the transmission of several other viruses, but its potential importance for SINV transmission is debated. -
Mosquitoes and the Diseases They Transmit J
B-6119 6-02 Mosquitoes and the Diseases they Transmit J. A. Jackman and J. K. Olson* osquitoes are among the most important The length of time that a mosquito takes to complete insect pests affecting the health of people its life cycle varies according to food availability, weath- er conditions and the species of mosquito. Under favor- and animals. Biting female mosquitoes not M able conditions, some mosquitoes can complete their only irritate people and animals, but they can also entire life cycle in only 8 to 10 days. transmit many disease-causing organisms. Egg Annoying populations of mosquitoes can occur any- where in Texas because there are habitats favorable for One way to identify mosquito species almost everywhere in the state. the breeding sites of mosquitoes is to find the To control mosquitoes effectively, it helps to under- eggs. Mosquito eggs may stand their life cycle, to be able to identify the various be laid in clusters called kinds of mosquitoes, and to know what steps work best rafts on the water sur- for the different species and specific locations. face. They may also be laid singly on the water Life history surface or in dry areas Adult mosquito laying eggs. Mosquitoes have four distinct stages during their life that are flooded periodi- cycle: egg, larva, pupa and adult. The adult stage is free- cally. flying; the other stages are aquatic. When first laid, mosquito eggs are white, but within a few hours they become dark brown to black. The shape and size of mosquito eggs vary, with most being football- shaped or boat-shaped and 0.02 to 0.04 inch long.