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Transnational Governance and South American Politics International Political Economy Series Transnational Governance and South American Politics The Political Economy of Norms Alejandro M. Peña International Political Economy Series Series Editor Timothy M. Shaw Visiting Professor University of Massachusetts, Boston , USA Emeritus Professor University of London, UK The global political economy is in fl ux as a series of cumulative crises impacts its organization and governance. The IPE series has tracked its development in both analysis and structure over the last three decades. It has always had a concentration on the global South. Now the South increas- ingly challenges the North as the centre of development, also refl ected in a growing number of submissions and publications on indebted Eurozone economies in Southern Europe. An indispensable resource for scholars and researchers, the series examines a variety of capitalisms and connec- tions by focusing on emerging economies, companies and sectors, debates and policies. It informs diverse policy communities as the established trans-Atlantic North declines and ‘the rest’, especially the BRICS, rise. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13996 Alejandro M. Peña Transnational Governance and South American Politics The Political Economy of Norms Alejandro M. Peña University of York United Kingdom International Political Economy Series ISBN 978-1-137-53862-8 ISBN 978-1-137-53863-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-53863-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956079 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identifi ed as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: © Rob Friedman/iStockphoto.com Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London To the dear many that are far. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As it is usually the case with any major endeavor, this book is far from an individual achievement. Rather, it is the cumulative synthesis of the con- tributions of a multitude of people that, in one way or another, and often without them being aware of it, assisted me in reaching this point and get- ting to write these words. It is also, for me at least, a major milestone, as it is both my fi rst book as well as the conclusion of a long (and unforeseen) personal, professional, and intellectual journey that took me from Buenos Aires to London and from engineering to political studies. Looking back, I am inclined to think that the main contributors to this project are those who helped me during the early phases of this voyage—old friends who came to visit during the diffi cult but exciting fi rst years abroad, far from the familiar sounds, sights, and tastes of my hometown; new friends, many of whom are now spread around the globe, that made new routines more enjoyable; interviewees that kindly opened their doors to me; mentors and colleagues, in particular Sophie Harman and Tom Davies, who granted me their patience, time, and advice and trained me as an academic, fl awed as I may be; Romina Savini, who held my back in those cloudy afternoons when frustration got the better of me. To all of them, to the ones I am not mentioning, and to others that I am surely forgetting, I am grateful. As my research advanced, I had the fortune of presenting fi ndings at numerous academic conferences and publishing a number of articles deal- ing with different sections of this book. In this process, numerous col- leagues, commentators, editors, and anonymous reviewers gave free and sound recommendations that not only enhanced the mentioned publica- tions but led me to new insights that were later incorporated when revising vii viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS this manuscript. In this regard, I want to acknowledge the use (with the appropriate permissions obtained, clearly) of material of my authorship published in the following journals: European Journal of International Relations, New Political Economy, Regulation & Governance, and Oxford Development Studies. I also thank the editorial team at Palgrave; Judith Allan, and Prof. Tim Shaw, the IPE Series Editor, for their support since this book was but a proposal; one anonymous reviewer for precise advice regarding the manuscript’s structure and content; and Angela Hall for the great job in preparing the index. All remaining fl aws and defi cits are entirely my responsibility. Finally, I dedicate this book to my family and to Polina Kovaleva. Their unwavering encouragement made this publication possible and all the hours behind it better. Always positive. Always forward. Since the start. Gracias por todo. LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABA Asociación de Bancos de la Argentina ABNT Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas ABONG Associação Brasileira de Organizações Não Governamentais ABRINQ Associação Brasileira dos Fabricantes de Brinquedos ACDE Asociacion Cristiana de Dirigentes de Empresa ADCE Associação de Dirigentes Cristãos de Empresa AFL American Federation of Labor AIP Apparel Industry Partnership AMCHAM American Chamber of Commerce ATTAC Association pour la Taxation des Transactions fi nancière et l’Aide aux Citoyen BCBA Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires BNDES Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento BRIC Brazil, Russia, India and China CADTM Committee for the Abolition of the Third World Debt CALPers California Public Employees’ Retirement System CASCO Conformity Assessment Committee CBJP Comissão Brasileira de Justiça e Paz CDES Conselho de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social CEADS Consejo Empresario Argentino para el Desarrollo Sostenible CECAM Centro de Calidad y Modernización CEDHA Centro de Derechos Humanos y Ambiente CERES Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies CGT Confederación General del Trabajo CIVES Associação Brasileira de Empresários Pela Cidadania CLACSO Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales CNBB Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil ix x LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CNI Confederação Nacional da Indústria CoCs Codes of Conduct CONSEA Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional COPOLCO Consumer Policy Committee CSA-TUCA Confederación Sindical de Trabajadores de las Américas CSN Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional CSO Civil Society Organisation CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CTA Central de Trabajadores Argentinos CUT Central Unica dos Trabalhadores DEVCO Developing Country Matters Committee DIEESE Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos ETI Ethical Trading Initiative ETUC European Trade Union Confederation FAM Federación Argentina de Municipios FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FARN Fundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales FGV Fundação Getulio Vargas FHC Fernando Henrique Cardoso FIDES Fundação Instituto de Desenvolvimento Empresarial e Social FIESP Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo FIRJAN Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro FLA Fair Labor Association FS Força Sindical FSC Forest Stewardship Council FTAA (ALCA) Free Trade Area of the Americas (Area de Libre Comercio de las Américas) FTV Federación de Tierra, Vivienda y Hábitat FUNDES Fundación para el Desarrollo Sostenible GAO Grupo de Articulação das ONGs brasileiras na ISO 26000 GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation GIFE Grupo de Institutos Fundações e Empresas GRI Global Reporting Initiative GUF Global Union Federation IAE Instituto de Altos Estudios Empresariales IALL International Association of Labour Legislation IAPG Instituto Argentino de Petróleo y Gas IARSE Instituto Argentino de Responsabilidad Social Empresaria IBASE Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas IBGC Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xi ICC International Chamber of Commerce ICCO Interchurch Organization for Development Cooperation ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions IDEC Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IFA International Framework Agreement IFC International Finance Corporation ILO International Labour Organisation INMETRO Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia INSPER Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa IIRC International Integrated Reporting Council IOE International Organisation of Employers IOS Instituto
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