Table of Contents
Preface...... xxvii
Volume I
Section 1 Fundamental Concepts and Theories
Chapter 1 Computational Models of Visual Attention: A Survey...... 1 Rajarshi Pal, Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology, India
Chapter 2 Recent Advances in Feature Extraction and Description Algorithms: Hardware Designs and Algorithmic Derivatives...... 27 Ehab Najeh Salahat, Australian National University, Australia Murad Qasaimeh, Iowa State University, USA
Chapter 3 Illumination Invariant Face Recognition: A Survey...... 58 Chi Ho Chan, University of Surrey, UK Xuan Zou, University of Surrey, UK Norman Poh, University of Surrey, UK Josef Kittler, University of Surrey, UK
Chapter 4 Detecting Significant Changes in Image Sequences...... 80 Sergii Mashtalir, Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Ukraine Olena Mikhnova, Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, Ukraine
Chapter 5 An Introduction to Wavelet-Based Image Processing and Its Applications...... 110 Mahesh Kumar H. Kolekar, Indian Institute of Technology, India G. Lloyds Raja, Indian Institute of Technology, India Somnath Sengupta, Indian Institute of Technology, India
Chapter 6 Recent Survey on Medical Image Segmentation...... 129 Mohammed A.-M. Salem, Ain Shams University, Egypt Alaa Atef, Ain Shams University, Egypt Alaa Salah, Ain Shams University, Egypt Marwa Shams, Ain Shams University, Egypt
Chapter 7 Transform Domain Techniques for Image Steganography...... 170 Siddharth Singh, University of Allahabad, India Tanveer J. Siddiqui, University of Allahabad, India
Chapter 8 Introduction: MHR Method...... 187 Dariusz Jacek Jakóbczak, Technical University of Koszalin, Poland
Chapter 9 Overview of Texture Analysis...... 221 Izem Hamouchene, LRIA Laboratory, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria Saliha Aouat, LRIA Laboratory, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria
Section 2 Development and Design Methodologies
Chapter 10 Efficiency Analysis of Genetic Algorithm and Genetic Programming in Data Mining and Image Processing...... 246 Ayan Chatterjee, Sarboday Public Academy, India Mahendra Rong, Bangabasi Evening College, India
Chapter 11 FPGA-Based Re-Configurable Architecture for Window-Based Image Processing...... 273 Kamarujjaman Sk, Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology, India Manali Mukherjee, Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology, India Mausumi Maitra, Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology, India
Chapter 12 An Image De-Noising Method Based on Intensity Histogram Equalization Technique for Image Enhancement...... 311 Shantharajah S. P., VIT University, India Ramkumar T, VIT University, India Balakrishnan N, Sona College of Technology, India
Chapter 13 Recognition of Patterns With Fractal Structure in Time Series...... 324 Eva Volna, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic Martin Kotyrba, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
Chapter 14 Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Classification and Pattern Recognition...... 350 Robert Jarušek, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic Vaclav Kocian, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
Chapter 15 Bio-Inspired Techniques in Human-Computer Interface for Control of Assistive Devices: Bio- Inspired Techniques in Assistive Devices...... 377 P. Geethanjali, VIT University, India
Chapter 16 Feature Extraction Algorithms to Color Image...... 397 QingE Wu, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China Weidong Yang, Fudan University, China
Chapter 17 Bio-Inspired Polarization Vision Techniques for Robotics Applications...... 421 Abd El Rahman Shabayek, Suez Canal University, Egypt Olivier Morel, Université de Bourgogne, France David Fofi, Université de Bourgogne, France
Chapter 18 Biologically Inspired Components in Embedded Vision Systems...... 458 Li-Minn Ang, Charles Sturt University, Australia Kah Phooi Seng, Charles Sturt University, Australia Christopher Wing Hong Ngau, Intel, Malaysia
Chapter 19 A Hierarchical Target Recognition Method Based on Image Processing...... 494 QingE Wu, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China Weidong Yang, Fudan University, China
Chapter 20 Fuzzy Approaches and Analysis in Image Processing...... 511 Ezhilmaran D, VIT University, India Adhiyaman M, VIT University, India
Chapter 21 Total Variation Applications in Computer Vision...... 543 Vania Vieira Estrela, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil Hermes Aguiar Magalhães, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil Osamu Saotome, InstitutoTecnologico de Aeronautica, Brazil
Chapter 22 Feature Detectors and Descriptors Generations With Numerous Images and Video Applications: A Recap...... 571 Nilanjan Dey, Techno India College of Technology – Kolkata, India Amira S. Ashour, Tanta University, Egypt Aboul Ella Hassanien, Cairo University, Egypt
Volume II
Chapter 23 Analysis of Different Feature Description Algorithm in object Recognition...... 601 Sirshendu Hore, HETC, India Sankhadeep Chatterjee, University of Calcutta, India Shouvik Chakraborty, University of Kalyani, India Rahul Kumar Shaw, HETC, India
Chapter 24 Audiovisual Facial Action Unit Recognition Using Feature Level Fusion...... 636 Zibo Meng, University of South Carolina, USA Shizhong Han, University of South Carolina, USA Min Chen, University of Washington Bothell, USA Yan Tong, University of South Carolina, USA
Chapter 25 An Improved Arabic Handwritten Recognition System Using Deep Support Vector Machines...... 656 Mohamed Elleuch, University of Manouba, Tunisia Monji Kherallah, University of Sfax, Tunisia
Chapter 26 3D Face Recognition Using Spatial Relations...... 679 Stefano Berretti, University of Florence, Italy Alberto del Bimbo, University of Florence, Italy Pietro Pala, University of Florence, Italy
Chapter 27 A Metaheuristic Algorithm for OCR Baseline Detection of Arabic Languages...... 707 F. Daneshfar, University of Kurdistan, Iran W. Fathy, University of Kurdistan, Iran B. Alaqeband, University of Kurdistan, Iran
Chapter 28 Face Match for Family Reunification: Real-World Face Image Retrieval...... 735 Eugene Borovikov, U.S. National Library of Medicine, USA Szilard Vajda, Central Washington University, USA Michael Gill, U.S. National Library of Medicine, USA
Chapter 29 Context-Based Scene Understanding...... 754 Esfandiar Zolghadr, Florida Atlantic University, USA Borko Furht, Florida Atlantic University, USA
Chapter 30 Combining Block DCV and Support Vector Machine for Ear Recognition...... 774 Zhao Hailong, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Yi Junyan, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China
Chapter 31 Ontological Random Forests for Image Classification...... 784 Ning Xu, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Jiangping Wang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Guojun Qi, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Thomas Huang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Weiyao Lin, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Chapter 32 Multiple Object Tracking by Scale Space Representation of Objects, Method of Linear Assignment, and Kalman Filter...... 800 Kumar S. Ray, Indian Statistical Institute, India Soma Ghosh, Indian Statistical Institute, India Kingshuk Chatterjee, Indian Statistical Institute, India Debayan Ganguly, Indian Statistical Institute, India
Chapter 33 Evaluation of Image Detection and Description Algorithms for Application in Monocular SLAM...... 824 Claudio Urrea, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile Gabriel Solar, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
Chapter 34 Automatic Fish Segmentation and Recognition for Trawl-Based Cameras...... 847 Meng-Che Chuang, University of Washington, USA Jenq-Neng Hwang, University of Washington, USA Kresimir Williams, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA
Chapter 35 Machine-Learning-Based Approach for Face Recognition...... 875 Arvind Kumar Tiwari, DIT University, India
Chapter 36 A Proposed Grayscale Face Image Colorization System Using Particle Swarm Optimization...... 886 Abul Hasnat, Government College of Engineering and Textile Technology Berhampore, India Santanu Halder, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, India Debotosh Bhattacharjee, Jadavpur University, India Mita Nasipuri, Jadavpur University, India
Chapter 37 Human Health Diagnosis System Based on Iris Features...... 905 Poonguzhali N, Pondicherry Engineering College, India M. Ezhilarasan, Pondicherry Engineering College, India R. Hariharan, Pondicherry Engineering College, India N. Praveen Devaraajan, Pondicherry Engineering College, India
Section 3 Tools and Technologies
Chapter 38 A Study on Various Image Processing Techniques and Hardware Implementation Using Xilinx System Generator...... 930 Jyotsna Rani, National Institute of Technology Silchar, India Ram Kumar, National Institute of Technology Silchar, India Abahan Sarkar, National Institute of Technology Silchar, India Fazal A. Talukdar, National Institute of Technology Silchar, India
Chapter 39 Image Processing: A Practical Approach With Real World Applications Using Matlab...... 946 Singaraju Jyothi, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women’s University), India Dadala Mary Mamatha, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women’s University), India
Chapter 40 Using the Similarity Measure Between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets for the Application on Pattern Recognitions...... 972 Lixin Fan, Shaoxing University, China
Chapter 41 Fish Monitoring, Sizing, and Detection Using Stereovision, Laser Technology, and Computer Vision...... 986 Angel Jose Rico-Diaz, University of A Coruña, Spain Alvaro Rodriguez, University of Umeå, Sweden Jeronimo Puertas, University of A Coruña, Spain Maria Bermudez, University of A Coruña, Spain
Chapter 42 Real-Time Image and Video Processing Using High-Level Synthesis (HLS)...... 1004 Murad Qasaimeh, Iowa State University, USA Ehab Najeh Salahat, Australian National University, Australia
Chapter 43 Intelligent Control of Vehicles’ Number Plates on Toll Gates in Developing Nations...... 1023 Tawanda Mushiri, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Charles Mbohwa, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Simbarashe Sarupinda, CUT, Zimbabwe
Chapter 44 Visual Tracking Using Multimodal Particle Filter...... 1072 Tony Tung, Kyoto University, Japan Takashi Matsuyama, Kyoto University, Japan
Chapter 45 Efficient Image Denoising for Effective Digitization Using Image Processing Techniques and Neural Networks...... 1091 K.G. Srinivasa, CBP Government Engineering College, India B.J. Sowmya, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, India D. Pradeep Kumar, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, India Chetan Shetty, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, India
Chapter 46 Thermal Imaging in Medical Science...... 1109 Nilanjan Dey, Techno India College of Technology, India Amira S. Ashour, Tanta University, Egypt Afnan S. Althoupety, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
Chapter 47 Accelerating Sobel Edge Detection Using Compressor Cells Over FPGAs...... 1133 Ahmed Abouelfarag, AASTMT, Egypt Marwa Ali Elshenawy, AASTMT, Egypt Esraa Alaaeldin Khattab, AASTMT, Egypt
Chapter 48 New Neural Buildings Stereo Matching Method Applied to Very High Resolution Ikonos Images...... 1155 E. Zigh, National Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technologies and Communications of Oran, Algeria
Chapter 49 Measures of Image and Video Segmentation...... 1182 Pushpajit A. Khaire, SRCOEM, India Roshan R. Kotkondawar, GCOE, India
Chapter 50 Automated System for Crops Recognition and Classification...... 1208 Alaa M. AlShahrani, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Manal A. Al-Abadi, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Areej S. Al-Malki, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Amira S. Ashour, Taif University, Saudi Arabia & Tanta University, Egypt Nilanjan Dey, Techno India College of Technology, India
Volume III
Chapter 51 Bilateral Histogram Equalization for Contrast Enhancement...... 1224 Feroz Mahmud Amil, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Shanto Rahman, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Md. Mostafijur Rahman, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Emon Kumar Dey, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Chapter 52 Adaptive Edge Detection Method Towards Features Extraction From Diverse Medical Imaging Technologies...... 1245 Indra Kanta Maitra, B. P. Poddar Institute of Management Technology, India Samir Kumar Bandhyopadhyaay, University of Calcutta, India
Chapter 53 Ambiguity Reduction Through Optimal Set of Region Selection Using GA and BFO for Handwritten Bangla Character Recognition...... 1279 Nibaran Das, Jadavpur University, India Subhadip Basu, Jadavpur University, India Mahantapas Kundu, Jadavpur University, India Mita Nasipuri, Jadavpur University, India
Chapter 54 A Combination of Spatial Pyramid and Inverted Index for Large-Scale Image Retrieval...... 1307 Vinh-Tiep Nguyen, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Thanh Duc Ngo, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Minh-Triet Tran, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Duy-Dinh Le, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Duc Anh Duong, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Chapter 55 Blind Assessment of Wavelet-Compressed Images Based on Subband Statistics of Natural Scenes...... 1322 Yingchun Guo, Hebei University of Technology, China Gang Yan, Hebei University of Technology, China Cuihong Xue, Hebei University of Technology, China Yang Yu, Hebei University of Technology, China
Chapter 56 Color Acquisition, Management, Rendering, and Assessment in 3D Reality-Based Models Construction...... 1338 Marco Gaiani, Università di Bologna, Italy
Chapter 57 Support Vector Machines and Applications...... 1381 Vandana M. Ladwani, PESIT-BSC, India
Chapter 58 On the Implementation of a Digital Image Watermarking Framework Using Saliency and Phase Congruency...... 1391 Abhishek Basu, RCC Institute of Information Technology, India Susmita Talukdar, Infosys Ltd., India
Chapter 59 Background Subtraction and Object Tracking via Key Frame-Based Rotational Symmetry Dynamic Texture...... 1431 Jeyabharathi D, Anna University Regional Campus – Tirunelveli, India Dejey D, Anna University Regional Campus – Tirunelveli, India
Chapter 60 Memetic Algorithms and Their Applications in Computer Science...... 1461 B. K. Tripathy, VIT University, India Sooraj T. R., VIT University, India R. K. Mohanty, VIT University, India
Chapter 61 Egocentric Landmark-Based Indoor Guidance System for the Visually Impaired...... 1483 Zhuorui Yang, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA Aura Ganz, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
Chapter 62 Fish Counting and Measurement: A Modular Framework and Implementation...... 1500 Fredrik Anders Westling, UNSW, Australia Changming Sun, CSIRO, Australia Dadong Wang, CSIRO, Australia Fahim Irfan Alam, Griffith University, Australia
Section 4 Utilization and Applications
Chapter 63 Applications of Image Processing in Laparoscopic Surgeries: An Overview...... 1518 Toktam Khatibi, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Iran Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Iran Pejman Shadpour, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran Seyed Hessameddin Zegordi, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Iran
Chapter 64 Pattern Recognition and Robotics...... 1545 P. Geethanjali, VIT University, India
Chapter 65 Vegetation Index: Ideas, Methods, Influences, and Trends...... 1560 Suresh Kumar Nagarajan, VIT University, India Arun Kumar Sangaiah, VIT University, India
Chapter 66 Search Space Reduction in Biometric Databases: A Review...... 1600 Ilaiah Kavati, IDRBT, India & UOH, India Munaga V. N. K. Prasad, IDRBT, India Chakravarthy Bhagvati, University of Hyderabad, India
Chapter 67 Computer Vision Based Technique for Surface Defect Detection of Apples...... 1627 C. J. Prabhakar, Kuvempu University, India S. H. Mohana, Kuvempu University, India
Chapter 68 Unconstrained Face Recognition...... 1640 Stefanos Zafeiriou, Imperial College London, UK Irene Kotsia, Middlesex University London, UK & Imperial College London, UK Maja Pantic, Imperial College London, UK
Chapter 69 Applications of Visual Attention in Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Graphics...... 1662 Rajarshi Pal, Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) Hyderabad, India
Chapter 70 A Study on Different Edge Detection Techniques in Digital Image Processing...... 1686 Shouvik Chakraborty, University of Kalyani, India Mousomi Roy, University of Kalyani, India Sirshendu Hore, HETC, India
Chapter 71 Medical Video Processing: Concept and Applications...... 1709 Srijan Goswami, Institute of Genetic Engineering, India Urmimala Dey, JIS College of Engineering, India Payel Roy, St. Mary’s Technical Campus – Kolkata, India Amira S. Ashour, Tanta University, Egypt Nilanjan Dey, Techno India College of Technology – Kolkata, India
Chapter 72 Accurate Image Retrieval With Unsupervised 2-Stage k-NN Re-Ranking...... 1726 Dawei Li, Lehigh University, USA Mooi Choo Chuah, Lehigh University, USA
Chapter 73 Insect Recognition Using Sparse Coding and Decision Fusion...... 1746 An Lu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Xinwen Hou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Cheng-Lin Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Xiaolin Chen, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Chapter 74 Emotion Recognition Using Facial Expression...... 1768 Santosh Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India Shubam Jaiswal, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India Rahul Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India Sanjay Kumar Singh, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
Chapter 75 Using Pattern Recognition in Decoding Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) for Quality Assurance: The Case for a Start-Up Company...... 1788 Rahul Bhaskar, California State University Fullerton, USA Au Vo, Claremont Graduate University, USA
Chapter 76 Vision Enhancement in Bad Weather...... 1802 Md. Imtiyaz Anwar, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar NIT Jalandhar, India Arun Khosla, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar NIT Jalandhar, India
Chapter 77 Computer Vision-Based Non-Magnetic Object Detection on Moving Conveyors in Steel Industry Through Differential Techniques and Performance Evaluation...... 1820 K. C. Manjunatha, Prakash Steels and Power Private Limited, India H. S. Mohana, Malnad College of Engineering, India P. A. Vijaya, Malnad College of Engineering, India
Volume IV
Chapter 78 Thermal Human Face Recognition for Biometric Security System...... 1838 Ayan Seal, Jadavpur University, India Debotosh Bhattacharjee, Jadavpur University, India Mita Nasipuri, Jadavpur University, India Dipak Kumar Basu, Jadavpur University, India
Chapter 79 Application of Computer Vision Techniques for Exploiting New Video Coding Mechanisms...... 1864 Artur Miguel Arsenio, Nokia Siemens Networks SA, Portugal & Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Portugal
Chapter 80 Learning Computer Vision Through the Development of a Camera-Trackable Game Controller.... 1893 Andrea Albarelli, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Italy Filippo Bergamasco, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Italy Andrea Torsello, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Italy
Chapter 81 3D Plant Modelling Using Spectral Data From Visible to Near Infrared Range...... 1904 Ali Zia, Griffith University, Australia Jie Liang, Australian National University, Australia
Chapter 82 A Fast New Rotation Insensitive WP-Based Method for Image Indexing and Retrieval...... 1926 Saif alZahir, The University of North British Columbia, Canada
Chapter 83 Detection of Rarefaction of Capillaries and Avascular Region in Nailfold Capillary Images...... 1940 Suma K. V., M. S. Ramiah Institute of Technology, India Bheemsain Rao, PES University, India
Chapter 84 Categorization of Plant and Insect Species via Shape Analysis...... 1955 Haifeng Zhao, Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, China Jiangtao Wang, Huaibei Normal University, China Wankou Yang, Southeast University, China
Chapter 85 Enhanced Breast Cancer Diagnosis System Using Fuzzy Clustering Means Approach in Digital Mammography...... 1968 Mohammed A. Osman, Helwan University, Egypt Ashraf Darwish, Helwan University, Egypt Ayman E. Khedr, Helwan University, Egypt Atef Z. Ghalwash, Helwan University, Egypt Aboul Ella Hassanien, Cairo University, Egypt
Chapter 86 Machine Vision Application on Science and Industry: Real-Time Face Sensing and Recognition in Machine Vision – Trends and New Advances...... 1985 Oleg Starostenko, Universidad de las Americas Puebla, Mexico Claudia Cruz-Perez, Universidad de las Americas Puebla, Mexico Vicente Alarcon-Aquino, Universidad de las Americas Puebla, Mexico Viktor I. Melnik, Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture, Ukraine Vera Tyrsa, Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture, Ukraine
Section 5 Organizational and Social Implications
Chapter 87 Automatic Learning Improves Human-Robot Interaction in Productive Environments: A Review...... 2014 Mauricio Andres Zamora Hernandez, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica Eldon Caldwell Marin, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica Jose Garcia-Rodriguez, University of Alicante, Spain Jorge Azorin-Lopez, University of Alicante, Spain Miguel Cazorla, University of Alicante, Spain
Chapter 88 A Compilation of Methods and Datasets for Group and Crowd Action Recognition...... 2025 Luis Felipe Borja, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Ecuador Jorge Azorin-Lopez, University of Alicante, Spain Marcelo Saval-Calvo, University of Alicante, Spain
Chapter 89 Encoding Human Motion for Automated Activity Recognition in Surveillance Applications...... 2042 Ammar Ladjailia, University of Souk Ahras, Algeria Imed Bouchrika, University of Souk Ahras, Algeria Nouzha Harrati, University of Souk Ahras, Algeria Zohra Mahfouf, University of Souk Ahras, Algeria
Chapter 90 Bio-Inspired Techniques in Rehabilitation Engineering for Control of Assistive Devices...... 2065 Geethanjali Purushothaman, VIT University, India
Chapter 91 Recognizing Human Actions in Basketball Video Sequences on the Basis of Global and Local Pairwise Representation...... 2083 Masaki Takahashi, NHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories, Japan Masahide Naemura, NHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories, Japan Mahito Fujii, NHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories, Japan James J. Little, The University of British Columbia, Canada
Chapter 92 Human Face Region Detection Driving Activity Recognition in Video...... 2102 Anastasios Doulamis, Technical University of Crete, Greece Athanasios Voulodimos, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Theodora Varvarigou, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Chapter 93 Tradeoffs Between Forensics and Anti-Forensics of Digital Images...... 2124 Priya Makarand Shelke, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering, India & Savitribai Phule Pune University, India Rajesh Shardanand Prasad, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
Chapter 94 Early Recognition of Suspicious Activity for Crime Prevention...... 2139 M. Kalaiselvi Geetha, Annamalai University, India J. Arunnehru, Annamalai University, India A. Geetha, Annamalai University, India
Chapter 95 An Empirical Study for Human Behavior Analysis...... 2166 Jia Lu, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Jun Shen, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Wei Qi Yan, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Boris Bačić, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Chapter 96 Face Recognition in Adverse Conditions: A Look at Achieved Advancements...... 2184 Maria De Marsico, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Michele Nappi, University of Salerno, Italy
Chapter 97 Image Enhancement and Restoration Methods for Underwater Images...... 2211 C. J. Prabhakar, Kuvempu University, India P. U. Praveen Kumar, Kuvempu University, India
Section 6 Critical Issues and Challenges
Chapter 98 The Relationship Between Anthropometric Variables and Features of Electromyography Signal for Human–Computer Interface...... 2234 Angkoon Phinyomark, University Joseph Fourier, France & University of Grenoble, France Franck Quaine, University Joseph Fourier, France Yann Laurillau, University of Grenoble, France
Chapter 99 A Study of Vision Based Human Motion Recognition and Analysis...... 2269 Geetanjali Vinayak Kale, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India Varsha Hemant Patil, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
Chapter 100 Recognition of Humans and Their Activities for Video Surveillance...... 2290 Alok Kumar Singh Kushwaha, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), India Rajeev Srivastava, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), India
Chapter 101 Automatic Target Recognition From Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Images...... 2307 Hari Kishan Kondaveeti, Andhra University, India Valli Kumari Vatsavayi, Andhra University, India
Chapter 102 Theoretical Concepts and Technical Aspects on Image Segmentation...... 2333 Anju Pankaj, Mahatma Gandhi University, India Sonal Ayyappan, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, India
Section 7 Emerging Trends
Chapter 103 Image Processing Including Medical Liver Imaging: Medical Image Processing From Big Data Perspective, Ultrasound Liver Images, Challenges...... 2350 Suganya Ramamoorthy, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, India Rajaram Sivasubramaniam, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, India
Chapter 104 On Using Gait Biometrics for Re-Identification in Automated Visual Surveillance...... 2363 Imed Bouchrika, University of Souk Ahras, Algeria
Chapter 105 A Multi-Stage Framework for Classification of Unconstrained Image Data From Mobile Phones...... 2387 Shashank Mujumdar, IBM Research, Delhi, India Dror Porat, IBM Research, Haifa, Israel Nithya Rajamani, IBM Research, Delhi, India L.V. Subramaniam, IBM Research, Delhi, India
Chapter 106 The Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Fuzzy C-Means Technique: A Study...... 2402 Jyotsna Rani, NIT Silchar, India Ram Kumar, NIT Silchar, India Fazal A. Talukdar, NIT Silchar, India Nilanjan Dey, Techno India College of Engineering, India
Chapter 107 Radial Moments for Image Retrieval...... 2420 Pooja Sharma, DAV University, India
Index...... xxx