PEGGY’S FIELD, SOUTH OTTERINGTON,

NORTH YORKSHIRE

HERITAGE ASSESSMENT

JB Archaeology Ltd On behalf of

Lavingham Planning Consultants Ltd

July 2020 Peggy’s Field, South Otterington, North Yorkshire – Heritage Assessment ______

JB Archaeology Ltd Rosebank, Newby Wiske, Northallerton, North Yorkshire, DL7 9EX Tel: 01609 773764, Mobile: 07903 867160 Email: [email protected] Web: www.jbasarchaeology.co.uk

Company Number 10299372 VAT Registration Number 247354789

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Contents

Summary

1.0 Introduction 5

2.0 Background 5 Location Geology and Soils Topography and Land Use

3.0 Methodology and Information Sources 6

4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background 7 Prehistoric Iron Age/Romano-British Early Medieval Medieval Post-medieval

Historic Mapping 12 Historic Landscape Characterisation 14 Site Visit 15 Geophysical and Topographic Surveys 17

5.0 Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations 18

Acknowledgements 18 References 18

Illustrations Front Cover. 1842 Tithe map showing Peggy’s Field, Plot 130

Figures Figure 1. Site Location Figure 2. Detailed Site Location (Lavenham Planning) Figure 3. Historic and Archaeological features within the study area Figure 4. 1842 Tithe map (NYCRO) Figure 5. 1857 6” 1st edition OS (National Library of Scotland) Figure 6. 1930 6” edition OS (National Library of Scotland) Figure 7. 1893 25” 1st edition OS (National Library of Scotland) Figure 8. Greyscale image of topographic data (Lyall)

Plates Plate 1. General view of site, looking north-east Plate 2. General view of site, looking south Plate 3. Curved boundary with possible infilled ditch, looking west Plate 4. Field to south of irregular boundary, looking south-east

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PEGGY’S FIELD, SOUTH OTTERINGTON,

NORTH YORKSHIRE

HERITAGE ASSESSMENT

Summary

A heritage assessment was undertaken on an area of land known as Peggy’s Field in South Otterington, North Yorkshire (NGR SE37405 87404). The assessment recorded that the site lies to the south-west of the historic core of the medieval settlement with a number of features in the surrounding landscape showing the development of a medieval and post-medieval rural economy.

The site itself contains the well-preserved remains of ridge and furrow cultivation which forms the junction between three fields. Two of the fields can be seen to contain broad ridge cultivation with the third field having narrow ridge cultivation. The narrow ridge field to the west is separated by what appears to be the remains of a hollow-way that ran out from the village into the surrounding fields.

At the southern end of the potential hollow-way there is an area of generally level ground that could represent either the remains of platforms of unknown date or a more recent attempt at levelling of the ridge and furrow.

Due to the well-preserved nature of the ridge and furrow, it is recommended that, in agreement the Principal Archaeologist NYCC, a programme of evaluation by trial trenching be undertaken to establish the extent and degree of survival of the ridge and furrow and potential platforms. The results of this would then be used to inform a final mitigation strategy, again in agreement with the Principal Archaeologist NYCC, for any potential development.

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PEGGY’S FIELD, SOUTH OTTERINGTON

NORTH YORKSHIRE

HERITAGE ASSESSMENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 This document presents the results of a heritage assessment on Peggy’s Field in South Otterington, North Yorkshire. This report has been produced JB Archaeology Ltd. (JBA Ltd) on behalf of Lavingham Planning Consultants Ltd. The research was undertaken between 17th and 24th July 2020.

Based upon Ordnance Survey data with permission of Her Majesty’s Controller of Stationary Office Crown Copyright. JB Archaeology Ltd., Rosebank, Newby Wiske DL7 9EX. Licence Number 100048796

Figure 1. Site Location

2.0 BACKGROUND

Location, Topography and Land-use 2.1 The area is part of the current draft housing site allocation for Hambleton District Council (HDC). The site is locally known as Peggy’s Field and lies in the southern half of the village on the western side of the A167. Peggy’s Field is surrounded by modern housing to the north, west and east with an open field to the south. The site has a public footpath running east-west along its southern boundary and is at a height of c.27m OD (NGR SE37405 87404) (Figures 1 & 2). The site is generally level but contains a series of pronounced earthworks and is currently used for grazing. The site is in South Otterington civil parish in the Hambleton District of North Yorkshire.

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Geology and Soils 2.2 The underlying solid geology of the site is of the Mercia Mudstone Group of the Triassic Period. Overlying this, the quaternary geology is the Breighton Sand Formation which is glacial in origin (http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html). The soil which has developed from these deposits is classified as the Escrick 2 association which is a deep, well drained, coarse loamy soil (Soil Survey of England and Wales, 1983).

Figure 2. Detailed Site Location (Drawing David Hill)

3.0 METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

3.1 The principal aims of the heritage assessment were to:  identify known archaeological and historic sites within the study area for the proposed development  identify areas with the potential to contain any unrecorded archaeological remains  propose management measures which could be implemented to avoid, reduce or remedy any potential adverse effects likely to occur during any works within the area of the proposed development (see accompanying Archaeological Assessment)

3.2 This report is based upon the review of readily available documentation relating to the site and its environs. A study area around the site extending to c.500m was used in order to gather the relevant data and to ascertain if there were any significant features/sites lying outside the site that may have an influence on any proposed development. The resulting sites identified within the study area are shown in Table 1 and Figure 3. To produce this report, research was undertaken at the North Yorkshire Historic Environment Record held by NYCC

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at Northallerton and the archives of the North Yorkshire County Record Office, Northallerton where historic maps were consulted. Further online research was undertaken to investigate the history of the area, including: the National Archives ‘Discovery’ online catalogue; the National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) and the National Heritage List for England (NHLE).

3.3 The following data sources were researched for the assessments:  North Yorkshire Historic Environment Record  North Yorkshire, York and the Lower Tees Valley Historic Landscape Characterisation  North Yorkshire County Record Office  published and unpublished historical and archaeological studies  cartographic sources (including historic Ordnance Survey maps)  National Heritage List for England  National Record of the Historic Environment

3.4 A walkover survey was undertaken on 20th July 2020 to determine the potential for unrecorded archaeological or historic sites within and adjacent to the area of the proposed development.

3.5 In addition, a combined geophysical and topographic survey was also undertaken on the 20th July 2020. A summary of the results of these surveys is discussed below and for details see Lyall, 2020.

3.6 All archaeological works were carried out in accordance with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments (2017).

4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

4.1 Archaeological and historic sites recorded within the study area are summarised in Table 1 below. The sites are identified by a site number, which is correlated with the North Yorkshire Historic Environment Record (HER) entries (MNY/ENY) where relevant. A central grid reference, suggested classification and a date are provided for each site, which are graded in archaeological significance as of 1 (national), 2 (regional) and 3 (local) importance and N as no significance. The level of significance has been assigned using a combination of the advice and guidance set out in Historic England’s Conservation Principles (2008), Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) (2012) National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and Historic England’s Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2 (2015) and in the light of professional experience. The location of the sites is shown on Figure 3.

4.2 A total of 22 archaeological and historic sites were recorded within the study area. Of these the Listed Buildings (Sites 7-9) should be considered to be of regional significance – although none of them are within the proposed development area. The remaining sites are of local significance.

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Table 1: Archaeological sites within the study area Site Ref No Grid Ref Description Period/ SignificanceSource ID (SE) Date /Grade 1 MNY 370 Area of ridge and furrow cultivation Medieval 3 NYCC 39046 877 HER 2 MNY 3709 Possible site of 17th century mansion. 17th 3 NYCC 20231 8764 Earlier described as ‘moat and century HER ditches of old mansion in a field close to the church, [they] are more pretentious than those of the Talbot mansion. In 1665 this mansion belonged to Thomas Fauconberge's cousin, John Brown’. The current description is ‘No moat or ditches now exist. In a pasture field immediately NW of the church are slight traces of an irregular mound. Although no masonry could be seen, the mound may possibly represent the site of Whellan's mansion’. 3 -- 3732 Site of a well, no obvious trace in 19th 3 1857 OS 8766 modern landscape century 4 -- 37333 Brickyard with later pond shown in ?18/19th 3 1842 87727 centre on 1893 OS, pasture field century tithe with depression representing pond (SE37328773) 5 -- 3751 Watermill and associated mill ponds ?18/19th 3 1842 8772 to north, mill building still extant, century tithe ponds now fields 6 -- 3756 Windmill, no obvious trace in ?18/19th 3 1842 8784 modern landscape century tithe 7 1204188 37010 South Otterington Bridge by John 1776 LBII NYCC 87530 Carr of York, stone built five arch HER structure. Parapet has an extensive collection of graffiti 8 1204177 37132 St Andrews parish church by 1847 LBII NYCC 87569 Anthony Salvin, rebuilt on site of HER Norman church 9 1150944 37122 Brick built rectory 1834 LBII NYCC 87529 HER 10 ENY 37189 Archaeological watching brief on Post-med 3 NYCC 6271 87576 construction of the school recorded HER late medieval pottery along with 18- 19th century pottery and building material 11 -- 3735 Site of smithy 19th 3 1893 OS 8760 century 12 MNY 37417 Area of earthworks containing ridge Medieval 3 NYCC 32115 87691 and furrow cultivation along with HER numerous dips, hollows and possible platforms 13 -- 3708 Site of well, possible earthwork 19th 3 1857 OS 8748 feature in edge of field survives century 14 MNY 372808 Area of earthworks, possible remains Medieval 3 NYCC 32115 7504 of larger settlement HER 15 -- 37385 Line of former road to South ?med/post 3 1842 87519 Otterington village green -med tithe

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Site Ref No Grid Ref Description Period/ SignificanceSource ID (SE) Date /Grade 16 MNY 37559 Emergency grass landing strip used WWI 3 NYCC 36255 87393 during Sept/Dec 1916 to Nov1918 HER 17 MNY 36944 Cropmarks of a field system ?Iron Age 3 NYCC 20248 87005 comprising ditched enclosures, field HER boundaries and ring ditches 18 MNY 3715 Originally described as ‘Visible on 16th 3 NYCC 20230 8733 the south-west of the enclosure of century HER banks and ditches enclosing the village is the platform of an Elizabethan house, built by the Talbots, with its gardens of six terraces leading down to the ornamental canal formed out of the outer moat. Thomas Talbot lived here in 1583’. Currently there is little visual evidence for the remains. 19 -- 3723 Village school built in 1856 19th 3 1857 OS 8730 currently the village hall century 20 MNY 37405 Area of well-preserved ridge and Medieval 3 NYCC 39151 87404 furrow HER 21 MNY 3801 Area of ridge and furrow cultivation Medieval 3 NYCC 20271 8726 HER 22 MNY 37387 Area of possible settlement Medieval 3 NYCC 32115 87234 earthworks and ridge and furrow HER

Based upon Ordnance Survey data with permission of Her Majesty’s Controller of Stationary Office Crown Copyright. JB 6 Archaeology Ltd, Rosebank, Newby Wiske DL7 9EX. Licence Number 100048796 5 1 4 2 3 12

11 The Avenue

7 8 10 9 14 16 13 21 15

20

18 17 19

22

Figure 3. Historic and Archaeological features within the study area

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4.3 Although the majority of the sites within the study area had been previously recorded on archaeological databases there are a number of features of heritage interest shown on historic mapping which have also been listed in Table 1.

Prehistoric 4.4 No prehistoric sites were recorded in the study area.

Iron Age/Romano-British (800BC-AD410) 4.5 The evidence relating to probable Iron Age or Romano-British activity in the area is limited to a series of cropmarks in the form of two ring ditches and an enclosure near Stackfield Buildings, to the west (Site 17). The cropmarks are located on the slightly higher ground, above the usual level of flooding from the nearby River Wiske. The ring ditch (SE 3698 8702) is a substantial feature and measures c.17 metres in diameter and is within, and almost completely fills, a square enclosure. To the north of these features there are the cropmark remains of what appear to be field boundaries extending as far as the grounds of Newby Wiske Hall. These cropmarks clearly show a period of activity along the river margin and it is possible that a similar level of activity may have occurred on the eastern side of the river in the vicinity of the proposed development.

Early Medieval (C5th-AD1066) 4.6 Although there is no direct evidence for early medieval activity, the fact that South Otterington is mention in the Domesday Book of 1086 suggests that there may well have been a settlement in existence already for it to be recorded.

Medieval (AD1066-1539) 4.7 As is often the case, the evidence for medieval and later activity is much greater due to the survival of both physical remains and written records. This is shown in the first recording of South Otterington in the Domesday Book of AD 1086 as Ostrinctune (for the detailed Domesday Book entry, see: http://opendomesday.org/place/SE3787/south-otterington/). The entry shows the settlement as being in the Allerton Hundred (a hundred is an administrative sub-division of a shire) with the manor divided between Egelfride and Haldor prior to the Norman invasion.

4.8 Soon after, in AD 1088, in the Liber Vitae of Durham, it is recorded as Sonotrinctune. The Liber Vitae is a confraternity book, a medieval memorial book which records the names of people who have entered into a state of brotherhood with a church in some way, often by visiting it in the capacity of a pilgrim. In a later Charter Roll of AD 1208, it is recorded as Otheringeton.

4.9 There is some discussion of the translation of this place-name in Smith (1969, 207-8). He suggests that in the early form Ostrinctune, the derivation is from an Old English personal name ‘Ohthere’, a name anglicised by King Alfred from the Old Norse name ‘Ottarr’. However, he puts forward ‘Oter’ as the Old English personal name which more probably lies behind the place-name, this being derived from ‘otor’, meaning otter. ‘Son’ in the second form of the name is probably from the Old West Scandinavian ‘sunnr’, meaning south (Smith 1969, 207-8). The Old English element ‘-ingtun’ refers to a settlement called after, or connected with …The translation of the place-name could, therefore,

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be either 'farm/settlement connected with Oter' or 'farm/settlement at Otering (= the otter place)' (KEPN 2018).

4.10 Documentary sources show that until AD 1242 part of the manor belonged to Robert Brus. Post AD 1242 the land was passed to Byland Abbey until Dissolution in the 16th century. Another part of the manor was granted to the Fossard family who held it until AD 1279 when it was passed to Richard Malbiche. By the mid-17th century, most of the lands around South Otterington were owned by the Talbot family of Thornton-le-Moor. These grants of land and ownership are probably related to the moated sites seen to the north (Site 2) and west (Site 18) of Peggy’s Field.

4.11 Although the broad outlines of the development of South Otterington can be gleaned from the documentary sources, there is currently little recognised in the way of physical remains. One known medieval structure was the earlier iteration of the parish church of St Andrew (Site 8). The current Grade II Listed church was rebuilt in 1846 on the site of the previous Norman one.

4.12 Other medieval remains can be seen in the widespread earthworks which survive around the settlement (Sites 1, 12, 14, 20-22). The majority of these earthworks are the remains of ridge and furrow cultivation which would typically be found in the area around a settlement. However, within the remains of the field systems there are the possible traces of building platforms that may have once been for buildings of some form (Sites 12, 14 and 22). This suggests that the settlement may once have been larger and has contracted over time.

Post-Medieval (AD1540-present) 4.13 The development of the village in the post-medieval period can be seen in the records (both documentary and physical) for various structures around the settlement. One of the earliest documentary references is in 1610 to the decayed state of the bridge over the River Wiske (Site 7). Over the next 160 years the Quarter Session Records then record various repairs and rebuilds to the presumably timber bridge until the construction of the John Carr bridge in 1776 which still stands today, almost as it was originally built.

4.14 Historic mapping from the mid-19th century shows a village that, generally, changes very little with various features present that are typical of a rural settlement. These include two wells (Sites 3&13); a smithy (Site11); windmill (Site 6); vicarage (Site 9) and school (Site 19).

4.15 Less typical sites include a large watermill and associated mill pond (Site 5) and a brickyard (Site 4) recorded in the tithe apportionment. The brickyard on the northern side of the town is was probably the source of the clay for the bricks for many of buildings that survive in the village. To the east of the study area is the railway station which served South Otterington. It was opened 31st March 1841 and finally closed 10th August 1964.

4.16 Possibly the most noticeable change to the layout of the village was the creation of The Avenue from the cross-roads at South Otterington to run past the church and then down to the bridge. This road was built by William Rutson between

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1842 and 1857 to improve the ease of access to Newby Wiske Hall. This resulted in the access to the village green south of the church being changed from the east to the north. The old line of the road now lies under modern housing.

4.17 South Otterington is slightly unusual in that it has two foci. One is on the crossroads where there is a small cluster of buildings including the current (Otterington Shorthorn), and former (The Old Black Swan) pubs. This location is presumably to take advantage of the main north-south route from Northallerton. The second focus is the larger village green and church green to the west. Here, historically, there are a greater number of houses as well as the church (Site 8) and the site of an earlier manor (Site 18).

Historic Mapping 4.18 The earliest map showing South Otterington is the tithe map of 1842 (Figure 4). The site is shown as Plot 130 which is un-named in the apportionment but is listed as being under grass. The plot is given as being owned by Robert Fulton and occupied by John Lax Head.

Figure 4. 1842 Tithe map (NYCRO)

4.19 The site is then shown on the OS first edition of 1857 (Figure 5) and all subsequent OS mapping (Figures 6&7). The historic mapping shows no

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significant changes to the site and its boundaries and, with the exception of the creation of the new road mentioned above, no major changes to the settlement until the mid-20th century.

Figure 5. 1857 6” 1st edition OS (National Library of Scotland)

Figure 6. 1930 6” edition OS (National Library of Scotland)

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Figure 7. 1893 25” 1st edition OS (National Library of Scotland)

Historic Landscape Characterisation 4.20 The North Yorkshire, York and Lower Tees Valley Historic Landscape Characterisation project undertaken between 2005 and 2009, classified the study area as enclosed land. The summary database record description for the polygon encompassing the area around the site is:

Database record no. HNY 23532: HLC Character Type: Settlement “This is a village which as expanded greatly in the modern period and consists of low-density housing with private space defined by front and back gardens. The original village is very small, focussed on the cross roads and this area has partial legibility. The previous character for this area, due to South Otteringtons small size, is possible strip fields.” This is dated Medieval 1066 AD to 1539 AD.

The fields directly to the south of the site are described as:

Database record no. HNY 23538: HLC Character Type: Enclosed Land “This is a small area of unknown planned enclosure which consists of small regular fields defined by straight hedges. This area has fragmentary legibility due to the field pattern completely changed in the modern period, before which it was piecemeal.” This is dated Medieval 1066 AD to 1750 AD.

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Site Visit 4.21 The site visit was carried out on the 20th July 2020 with the aim of assessing the area of the proposed development for any unrecognised historic or archaeological sites. It would also assess the potential impact on any known archaeological sites. The visit quickly established that the site contained well preserved ridge and furrow cultivation in the form of upstanding earthworks (Plates 1-2). In addition to the cultivation earthworks a small, roughly circular depression cut into the ridge and furrow was noted in the western part of the site. This possible is the remains of a later dew pond for watering livestock prior to the installation of the piped water supply. Part of the site assessment was to undertake geophysical and topographic surveys (Lyall, 2020) and the results of these are discussed in detail below.

Plate 1. General view of site, looking north-east

Plate 2. General view of site, looking south

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4.22 In addition to the ridge and furrow earthworks the boundary along the south- western part of the site is unusual in that it is not more or less straight as is typical. Here the boundary forms a ‘loop’ which appears to potentially respect an earlier feature (Plate 3). The part of the boundary that forms the ‘loop’ appears to be an infilled ditch as there is a marked dip in the landscape. Interestingly the field to the south that this part of the boundary loops around also appears to contain earthworks (Plate 4).

Plate 3. Curved boundary with possible infilled ditch, looking west

Plate 4. Field to south of irregular boundary, looking south-east

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Geophysical and Topographic Surveys 4.23 The detailed results of these two surveys are given in the accompanying report (Lyall, 2020). Overall, these investigations show that there is the very good survival of well-preserved ridge and furrow cultivation. This can be seen to form part of would appear to be three fields with two of the fields separated by a hollow-way (Figure 8). Two of the fields are composed of noticeably broader ridges (Fields 2&3) with Field 1 to the west being narrower strips. The difference in the size of the strips may be due to a number of factors. These could include ploughing by oxen rather than horse or due to their development at different times when different regimes of cultivation were practiced.

Possible pond

Field 1

Field 2

Field 3

Possible platforms

Figure 8. Greyscale image of topographic data (Lyall)

4.24 The division between Fields 1&2 is not only very clear on the surveys but is also clearly visible on the ground running through the entire site. At its northern end it appears to lead what would have been the apex of a bend in the line of the former road running from the crossroads to the village green (Site 15).

4.25 In addition to the ridge and furrow on either side of the southern end of the hollow-way, there is an area of generally more level ground which does not seems to have been formed in to ridge and furrow cultivation. This area could represent the remains of some form of platform but could also equally well be the result of an attempt at levelling in more recent times.

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4.26 The whole of the field has also seen at least two phases of drainage - one of ceramic field drains and one of larger, broader gullies or ditches.

5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 As can be seen from the results described above although the site lies on the edge of the historic core of the medieval settlement, it does not appear to have been used for more than agriculture in the past. This can be seen in the extensive, well preserved ridge and furrow cultivation which forms the junction of three fields along with the remains of a hollow-way leading from the crossroads into the fields around the settlement.

5.2 The geophysical and topographic surveys recorded an area towards the south of the site which has the potential to be the remains of an earlier platform of uncertain date. However, this could equally be the remains of more recent levelling of the ridge and furrow.

5.3 Due to the well-preserved nature of the ridge and furrow cultivation, a programme of archaeological mitigation should be undertaken in agreement with the Principal Archaeologist NYCC. In the first instance it is recommended that a programme of evaluation by trial trenching be undertaken to establish the extent, and degree of survival, of the ridge and furrow and potential platforms (see accompanying Archaeological Assessment for details). Once this has been established and reported upon, a mitigation strategy for any potential development can then be agreed with the Principal Archaeologist NYCC.

Acknowledgements I would like to thank Andrew Cunningham of Lavingham Planning Ltd for inviting me to undertake the project. Gail Falkingham for undertaking the historic background research, staff of the North Yorkshire County Record Office, Northallerton, in particular Gwyneth Endersby; Leonora Goldsmith of the Heritage Section of NYCC for the HER data and James Lyall for undertaking the geophysical survey.

References Chartered Institute for Archaeologists 2017 Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning-policy-framework--2 Faull, ML & Stinson, M (eds) 1986 Domesday Book Yorkshire (Part Two). Phillimore, Chichester Historic England, 2008, Conservation Principles. Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment https://content.historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/conservation- principles-sustainable-management-historic- environment/conservationprinciplespoliciesguidanceapr08web.pdf Historic England, 2015, Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2

______JB Archaeology Ltd on behalf of Lavingham Planning Consultants Ltd 18 Peggy’s Field, South Otterington, North Yorkshire – Heritage Assessment ______http://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/gpa2-managing-significance- in-decision-taking/ Historic Landscape Characterisation https://maps.northyorks.gov.uk/connect/analyst/mobile/#/main?mapcfg=HLC Institute for Name Studies 2017 Key to English Place-Names. University of Kain, RJP & Oliver, RR, 1995 The Tithe Maps of England and Wales Cambridge University Press Key to English Place-Names website, University of Nottingham http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/ Lyall, J, 2020, Report on a fluxgate gradiometer and topographic surveys carried out at South Otterington, North Yorkshire. Mills AD 2011 Dictionary of English Place-names. Oxford University Press. Oxford. Morris, RW, 1982, Yorkshire through Place Names. David and Charles National Heritage List for England website (Historic England) North Yorkshire County Council 1986 Guide No. 6: North Yorkshire Gazetteer of Townships and Parishes, North Yorkshire County Record Office Publication No. 43 North Yorkshire County Council 1987 (Revised to August 2005) Guide No. 4: List of North Yorkshire, & North Riding Enclosure Awards and associated documents in the North Yorkshire County Record Office, North Yorkshire County Record Office Publication No. 41 North Yorkshire County Record Office 1988 (Revised to October 2008) Guide No. 2: Parish Registers, Census Returns, Land Tax Returns, Tithe Apportionments, Enclosure Awards in the North Yorkshire County Record Office, North Yorkshire County Record Office Publication No. 39 North Yorkshire County Record Office 1990 (Revised to January 2014) Guide No.3: List of North Yorkshire & North Riding Maps and Plans available for Consultation in the North Yorkshire County Record Office Open Domesday website https://opendomesday.org/ Smith, AH. 1969 The Place-Names of the North Riding of Yorkshire, English Place- Name Society Volume V, Cambridge University Press

1977 Geological Survey Ten Mile Map North Sheet Quaternary. British Geological Survey 1983 Soils of England and Wales. Sheet 1 Northern England. Soil Survey of England and Wales. Lawes Agricultural Trust, Harpenden 2001 Geological Survey 1:625,000 Map North Sheet Solid Geology. British Geological Survey

Historic OS mapping 6” Series 1857 Yorkshire 71 (includes: Borrowby; Cotcliffe; Crosby; Thornton Le Beans) Surveyed: 1854 1895 Yorkshire LXXI.SW (includes: South Otterington; Thornton Le Beans; Thornton Le Moor; Thornton Le Street) Surveyed: 1892 1915 Yorkshire LXXI.SW (includes: South Otterington; Thornton Le Beans; Thornton Le Moor; Thornton Le Street) Revised: 1911 1930 Yorkshire LXXI.SW (includes: South Otterington; Thornton Le Beans; Thornton Le Moor; Thornton Le Street) Revised: 1927

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25” Series 1893 Yorkshire LXXI.13 (Maunby; Newby Wiske; South Otterington; Thornton Le Moor) Surveyed: 1892 1913 Yorkshire LXXI.13 (Maunby; Newby Wiske; South Otterington; Thornton Le Moor) Revised: 1911 1928 Yorkshire LXXI.13 (Maunby; Newby Wiske; South Otterington; Thornton Le Moor) Revised: 1927

Historic Maps and Plans consulted in the NYCRO NYCRO MIC Ref NYCRO Ref Title Date MIC 1798 T Plan of the Parish of South Otterington in the North Riding of Yorkshire (Tithe Map) 1842

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