Earthquake Fault Zone Map – Attachment 12

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Earthquake Fault Zone Map – Attachment 12 Appendix H Geotechnical Engineering Evaluation July 1, 2013 Revised April 15, 2015 File No. 20099 Paramount Pictures 5555 Melrose Avenue Los Angeles, California 90038-3197 Attention: Sharon Keyser Subject: Geotechnical Engineering Evaluation For the Paramount Pictures Master Plan 5555 Melrose Avenue, Los Angeles, California Ladies and Gentlemen: This letter transmits the Geotechnical Engineering Evaluation for the Master Plan area prepared by Geotechnologies, Inc. This report provides generalized information intended to assist in planning for the site. The validity of the information presented herein is based on data developed by this firm as well as others. Should you have any questions please contact this office. Respectfully submitted, GEOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. EDWARD F. HILL G.E. 2126/E.G. 1403 EFH:km Distribution: Addressee www.geoteq.com TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1 SITE CONDITIONS ....................................................................................................................... 3 THRESHOLDS............................................................................................................................... 5 GEOLOGIC SETTING .................................................................................................................. 7 EARTH MATERIALS ............................................................................................................... 8 GROUNDWATER ..................................................................................................................... 8 REGIONAL FAULTING ............................................................................................................... 9 FAULT LOCATIONS ................................................................................................................ 9 Hollywood Fault ................................................................................................................... 10 Elysian Park Thrust and Puente Hills Thrust ........................................................................ 11 Newport-Inglewood Fault System ........................................................................................ 12 Malibu Coast-Santa Monica ................................................................................................. 13 Raymond Fault ...................................................................................................................... 14 Verdugo Fault ....................................................................................................................... 14 Sierra Madre Fault Zone ....................................................................................................... 15 Northridge (Pico) Thrust ....................................................................................................... 15 San Gabriel Fault System...................................................................................................... 16 Whittier (Elsinore) Fault ....................................................................................................... 17 San Andreas Fault System .................................................................................................... 17 GEOLOGIC HAZARDS AND MITIGATION............................................................................ 18 SEISMIC HAZARDS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .................................................. 18 Surface Rupture .................................................................................................................... 18 Seismic Hazard Zone Report Ground Motion Parameters ................................................... 19 Liquefaction .......................................................................................................................... 20 Dynamic Dry Settlement....................................................................................................... 20 Earthquake Induced Tsunamis, Seiches and Flooding ......................................................... 21 Landsliding ........................................................................................................................... 22 SEISMIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................... 22 EARTH MATERIALS ............................................................................................................. 23 EXPANSIVE SOILS ................................................................................................................ 23 GROUNDWATER ................................................................................................................... 24 SOIL CORROSION POTENTIAL........................................................................................... 25 OIL WELLS AND METHANE GAS ...................................................................................... 25 SUBSIDENCE .......................................................................................................................... 26 SEDIMENTATION & EROSION ........................................................................................... 26 LANDFORM ALTERATION .................................................................................................. 27 GEOLOGIC HAZARD MITIGATION ....................................................................................... 27 ATTACHMENTS References Boring Location Map – Attachment 1 Vicinity Map – Attachment 2 Geotechnologies, Inc. 439 Western Avenue, Glendale, California 91201-2837 Tel: 818.240.9600 Fax: 818.240.9675 www.geoteq.com TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE ATTACHMENTS - continued Historical Vicinity Map (USACE, 1921) – Attachment 3 Historical Vicinity Map (USGS, 1926) – Attachment 4 Local Geologic Map – Attachment 5 Historically Highest Groundwater Levels – Attachment 6 Southern California Fault Map – Attachment 7 Water Well Location Map – Attachment 8 Oil Well Location Map – Attachment 9 Seismic Source Summary Table – Attachment 10 Well Measurements (10 pages) – Attachment 11 Earthquake Fault Zone Map – Attachment 12 Geotechnologies, Inc. 439 Western Avenue, Glendale, California 91201-2837 Tel: 818.240.9600 Fax: 818.240.9675 www.geoteq.com GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING EVALUATION FOR THE PARAMOUNT PICTURES MASTER PLAN 5555 MELROSE AVENUE LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, 90038 INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of the geotechnical engineering evaluation performed for the proposed Paramount Pictures Master Plan (The “Project”) that consists of improvements to Paramount Studios (the “Project Site”) in the Hollywood community of The City of Los Angeles, California. The purpose of this evaluation was to research the nature of the earth materials and geologic conditions underlying the site and vicinity for master planning purposes. This evaluation included review of published geologic data, review of available geotechnical engineering information and the preparation of this report. Exploratory excavation locations encountered in the review of available documents are shown on the enclosed Boring Location Map included herein as Attachment 1. This report is intended to provide general geologic and geotechnical information on the site. It is recommended that a site-specific geotechnical report should be prepared for each unique building project in accordance with applicable City requirements and all applicable recommendations included in this master plan evaluation report as discussed further below. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The largest portion of the Project Site is the Main Lot which is bounded to the south by Melrose Avenue, to the west by Gower Street, to the east by Van Ness Avenue and to the north by a cemetery. Several ancillary properties are also included in the Project Site. These properties are Geotechnologies, Inc. 439 Western Avenue, Glendale, California 91201-2837 Tel: 818.240.9600 Fax: 818.240.9675 www.geoteq.com July 1, 2013 Revised April 15, 2015 File No. 20099 Page 2 the South Bronson Lot at the southwest corner of Melrose Avenue and Bronson Avenue; the Windsor Lot at the southwest corner of Melrose Avenue and Windsor Avenue; the Camerford Lot at the southwest corner of Camerford Avenue and Gower Street; the Waring Lot at the northwest corner of Gower Street and Waring Avenue; the Gregory Lot at the northwest corner of Gower Street and Gregory Avenue; and the Lemon Grove Lot at the northeast corner of Lemon Grove Avenue, and Van Ness Avenue. The soils underlying the Project Site consist of clays, silts, silty sands and sands. Artificial fill depths vary generally from 0 to 5 feet with local deposits reported as deep as 9 feet. The site soils are reported to vary from the very low to the very high expansion range. Most of the testing indicates that the soils fall within the moderate expansion range. Groundwater levels below the Project Site are highly variable. Groundwater has been encountered as shallow as approximately 8 feet and as deep as approximately 25 feet. It is most likely that the shallower occurrences of groundwater are perched conditions due to differences in permeability within the underlying soils. Monitoring well readings in the vicinity of the site indicate that groundwater is on the order of approximately
Recommended publications
  • Structure Preliminary Geotechnical Report
    I NITIAL S TUDY/MITIGATED N EGATIVE D ECLARATION Y ORBA L INDA B OULEVARD W IDENING I MPROVEMENTS P ROJECT S EPTEMBER 2020 Y ORBA L INDA, C ALIFORNIA APPENDIX F STRUCTURE PRELIMINARY GEOTECHNICAL REPORT P:\HNT1901.02 - Yorba Linda\Draft ISMND\Draft ISMND_Yorba Linda Blvd Widening Improvements Project_9.18.20.docx «09/18/20» Y ORBA L INDA B OULEVARD W IDENING I MPROVEMENTS P ROJECT I NITIAL S TUDY/MITIGATED N EGATIVE D ECLARATION Y ORBA L INDA, C ALIFORNIA S EPTEMBER 2020 This page intentionally left blank P:\HNT1901.02 - Yorba Linda\Draft ISMND\Draft ISMND_Yorba Linda Blvd Widening Improvements Project_9.18.20.docx «09/18/20» Earth Mechanics, Inc. Geotechnical & Earthquake Engineering November 13, 2019 EMI Project No. 19-143 HNTB 200 E. Sandpointe Avenue, Suite 200 Santa Ana, California 92707 Attention: Mr. Patrick Somerville Subject: Structure Preliminary Geotechnical Report Yorba Linda Blvd Bridge over Santa Ana River (Widen), Bridge No. 55C-0509 Yorba Linda Boulevard and Savi Ranch Parkway Widening Project City of Yorba Linda, California Dear Mr. Somerville: Attached is our Structure Preliminary Geotechnical Report (SPGR) for the proposed widening of the Yorba Linda Boulevard Bridge over the Santa Ana River (Bridge No. 55C-0509) in the City of Yorba Linda, California. The bridge widening is part of the Yorba Linda Boulevard and Savi Ranch Parkway Widening Project. This report was prepared to support the Project Approval and Environmental Document (PA-ED) phase of the project. The SPGR includes information required by the 2017 California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Foundation Reports for Bridges document.
    [Show full text]
  • Rockwell International Corporation 1049 Camino Dos Rios (P.O
    SC543.J6FR "Mads available under NASA sponsrislP in the interest of early and wide dis­ *ninatf of Earth Resources Survey Program information and without liaoility IDENTIFICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF jOr my ou mAOthereot." TECTONIC FEATURES FROM ERTS-1 IMAGERY Southwestern North America and The Red Sea Area may be purchased ftohu Oriinal photograPhY EROS D-aa Center Avenue 1thSioux ad Falls. OanOta So, 7 - ' ... +=,+. Monem Abdel-Gawad and Linda Tubbesing -l Science Center, Rockwell International Corporation 1049 Camino Dos Rios (P.O. Box 1085) Thousand Oaks, California 91360 U.S.A. N75-252 3 9 , (E75-10 2 9 1 ) IDENTIFICATION AND FROM INTERPRETATION OF TECTONIC FEATURES AMERICA ERTS-1 IMAGERY: SOUTHWESTERN NORTH Unclas THE RED SEA AREA Final Report, 30 May !AND1972 - 11 Feb. 1975 (Rockwell International G3/43 00291 _ May 5, 1975 , Type III Fihnal Report for Period: May 30, 1972 - February 11, 1975, . ­ Prepared for NASAIGODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Greenbelt, Maryland 20071 Pwdu. by NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE US Dopa.rm.nt or Commerco Snrnfaield, VA. 22151 N O T I C E THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE BEST COPY FURNISHED US BY THE SPONSORING AGENCY. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGN.IZED THAT CER- TAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS-BE'ING RE- LEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE. SC543.16FR IDENTIFICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF TECTONIC FEATURES FROM ERTS-1 IMAGERY Southwestern North America and The Red Sea Area Monem Abdel-Gawad and Linda Tubbesi'ng Science Center/Rockwell International Corporation 1049 Camino Dos Rios, P.O. Box 1085 Thousand Oaks, California 91360 U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • SUMMARIES of TECHNICAL REPORTS, VOLUME X Prepared by Participants in NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM June 1980
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Office of Earthquake Studies SUMMARIES OF TECHNICAL REPORTS, VOLUME X Prepared by participants in NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM June 1980 OPEN-FILE REPORT 80-842 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards and nomenclature Menlo Park, California 1980 CONTENTS Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program I. Earthquake Hazards Studies (H) Page Objective 1, Establish an accurate and reliable national earthquake data base.——————————————————• Objective 2. Delineate and evaluate earthquake hazards and risk in the United States on a national scale. ——————————————————————————• 66 Objective 3. Delineate and evaluate earthquake hazards and risk in earthquake-prone urbanized regions in the western United States.——————————————• 77 Objective 4, Delineate and evaluate earthquake hazards and risk in earthquake-prone regions in the eastern United States. ————— —————————— — ———— 139 Objective 5. Improve capability to evaluate earthquake potential and predict character of surface faulting.———————————————— ————————— 171 Objective 6. Improve capability to predict character of damaging ground shaking.———————————————— 245 Objective 7. Improve capability to predict incidence, nature and extent of earthquake-induced ground failures, particularly landsliding and liquefaction.--——— 293 Objective 8. Improve capability to predict earthquake losses.— 310 II. Earthquake Prediction Studies (P) Objective 1. Observe at a reconnaissance
    [Show full text]
  • 5.4 Geology and Soils
    BEACH BOULEVARD SPECIFIC PLAN DRAFT EIR CITY OF ANAHEIM 5. Environmental Analysis 5.4 GEOLOGY AND SOILS This section of the Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) evaluates the potential for implementation of the Beach Boulevard Specific Plan (Proposed Project) to impact geological and soil resources in the City of Anaheim. 5.4.1 Environmental Setting Regulatory Setting California Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act The Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act was signed into state law in 1972. Its primary purpose is to mitigate the hazard of fault rupture by prohibiting the location of structures for human occupancy across the trace of an active fault. The act delineates “Earthquake Fault Zones” along faults that are “sufficiently active” and “well defined.” The act also requires that cities and counties withhold development permits for sites within an earthquake fault zone until geologic investigations demonstrate that the sites are not threatened by surface displacement from future faulting. Pursuant to this act, structures for human occupancy are not allowed within 50 feet of the trace of an active fault. Seismic Hazard Mapping Act The Seismic Hazard Mapping Act (SHMA) was adopted by the state in 1990 to protect the public from the effects of nonsurface fault rupture earthquake hazards, including strong ground shaking, liquefaction, seismically induced landslides, or other ground failure caused by earthquakes. The goal of the act is to minimize loss of life and property by identifying and mitigating seismic hazards. The California Geological Survey (CGS) prepares and provides local governments with seismic hazard zone maps that identify areas susceptible to amplified shaking, liquefaction, earthquake-induced landslides, and other ground failures.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Fault Slip Rates, Distributed Deformation Rates, and Forecast Of
    1 Long-term fault slip rates, distributed deformation rates, and forecast of seismicity 2 in the western United States from joint fitting of community geologic, geodetic, 3 and stress-direction datasets 4 Peter Bird 5 Department of Earth and Space Sciences 6 University of California 7 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 8 [email protected] 9 Second revision of 2009.07.08 for J. Geophys. Res. (Solid Earth) 10 ABSTRACT. The long-term-average velocity field of the western United States is computed 11 with a kinematic finite-element code. Community datasets include fault traces, geologic offset 12 rates, geodetic velocities, principal stress directions, and Euler poles. There is an irreducible 13 minimum amount of distributed permanent deformation, which accommodates 1/3 of Pacific- 14 North America relative motion in California. Much of this may be due to slip on faults not 15 included in the model. All datasets are fit at a common RMS level of 1.8 datum standard 16 deviations. Experiments with alternate weights, fault sets, and Euler poles define a suite of 17 acceptable community models. In pseudo-prospective tests, fault offset rates are compared to 18 126 additional published rates not used in the computation: 44% are consistent; another 48% 19 have discrepancies under 1 mm/a, and 8% have larger discrepancies. Updated models are then 20 computed. Novel predictions include: dextral slip at 2~3 mm/a in the Brothers fault zone, two 21 alternative solutions for the Mendocino triple junction, slower slip on some trains of the San 22 Andreas fault than in recent hazard models, and clockwise rotation of some domains in the 23 Eastern California shear zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Garlock Fault: an Intracontinental Transform Structure, Southern California
    GREGORY A. DAVIS Department of Geological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007 B. C. BURCHFIEL Department of Geology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77001 Garlock Fault: An Intracontinental Transform Structure, Southern California ABSTRACT Sierra Nevada. Westward shifting of the north- ern block of the Garlock has probably contrib- The northeast- to east-striking Garlock fault uted to the westward bending or deflection of of southern California is a major strike-slip the San Andreas fault where the two faults fault with a left-lateral displacement of at least meet. 48 to 64 km. It is also an important physio- Many earlier workers have considered that graphic boundary since it separates along its the left-lateral Garlock fault is conjugate to length the Tehachapi-Sierra Nevada and Basin the right-lateral San Andreas fault in a regional and Range provinces of pronounced topogra- strain pattern of north-south shortening and phy to the north from the Mojave Desert east-west extension, the latter expressed in part block of more subdued topography to the as an eastward displacement of the Mojave south. Previous authors have considered the block away from the junction of the San 260-km-long fault to be terminated at its Andreas and Garlock faults. In contrast, we western and eastern ends by the northwest- regard the origin of the Garlock fault as being striking San Andreas and Death Valley fault directly related to the extensional origin of the zones, respectively. Basin and Range province in areas north of the We interpret the Garlock fault as an intra- Garlock.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Geotechnical Investigation Proposed Improvements
    REPORT OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS PROPOSED RIO HONDO SATELLITE CAMPUS EL RANCHO ADULT SCHOOL 9515 HANEY STREET PICO RIVERA, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: RIO HONDO PROGRAM MANAGEMENT TEAM Whittier, California January 20, 2016 Project 4953-15-0302 January 20, 2016 Mr Luis Rojas Rio Hondo Program Management Team c/o Rio Hondo College 3600 Workman Mill Road Whittier, California 90601-1699 Subject: LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Report of Geotechnical Investigation Proposed Improvements Proposed Rio Hondo Satellite Campus El Rancho Adult School 9515 Haney Street Pico Rivera, California, 90660 Amec Foster Wheeler Project 4953-15-0302 Dear Mr. Rojas: We are pleased to submit the results of our geotechnical investigation for the proposed improvements as part of the proposed Rio Hondo Satellite Campus at the El Rancho Adult School in Pico Rivera, California. This investigation was performed in general accordance with our proposal dated November 24, 2015, which was authorized by e-mail on December 15, 2015. The scope of our services was planned with Mr. Manuel Jaramillo of DelTerra. We have been furnished with a site plan and a general description of the proposed improvements. The results of our investigation and design recommendations are presented in this report. Please note that you or your representative should submit copies of this report to the appropriate governmental agencies for their review and approval prior to obtaining a permit. Correspondence: Amec Foster Wheeler 6001 Rickenbacker Road Los Angeles, California 90040 USA
    [Show full text]
  • City of Monrovia General Plan General Plan Safety Element Safety
    City of Monrovia General Plan Safety Element Adopted June 12, 2002 Resolution No. 2002-40 Safety Element City of Monrovia Table of Contents I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 II. Seismic Activity ......................................................................................................................... 2 A. Background......................................................................................................................... 2 1. Geologic Setting............................................................................................................ 2 2. The Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone Act ............................................................. 2 Major Faults .................................................................................................................. 3 B. Goals, Objectives and Policies - Seismic Activity............................................................... 9 III. Flood Control........................................................................................................................... 11 A. Background....................................................................................................................... 11 1. Setting ......................................................................................................................... 11 2. Mud and Debris Flows ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Research Results Described in the Following Summaries Were Submitted by the Investigators on May 10, 1984 and Cover the 6-Mo
    The research results described in the following summaries were submitted by the investigators on May 10, 1984 and cover the 6-months period from October 1, 1983 through May 1, 1984. These reports include both work performed under contracts administered by the Geological Survey and work by members of the Geological Survey. The report summaries are grouped into the three major elements of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. Open File Report No. 84-628 This report has not been reviewed for conformity with USGS editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Parts of it were prepared under contract to the U.S. Geological Survey and the opinions and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the USGS. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. The data and interpretations in these progress reports may be reevaluated by the investigators upon completion of the research. Readers who wish to cite findings described herein should confirm their accuracy with the author. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SUMMARIES OF TECHNICAL REPORTS, VOLUME XVIII Prepared by Participants in NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM Compiled by Muriel L. Jacobson Thelraa R. Rodriguez CONTENTS Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Page I. Recent Tectonics and Earthquake Potential (T) Determine the tectonic framework and earthquake potential of U.S. seismogenic zones with significant hazard potential. Objective T-1. Regional seismic monitoring........................ 1 Objective T-2. Source zone characteristics Identify and map active crustal faults, using geophysical and geological data to interpret the structure and geometry of seismogenic zones.
    [Show full text]
  • Century City Area Fault Investigation Report Volume 1 of 2
    ` WESTSIDE SUBWAY EXTENSION PROJECT Contract No. PS-4350-2000 Century City Area Fault Investigation Report Volume 1 of 2 Prepared for: Prepared by: 777 South Figueroa Street Suite 1100 Los Angeles, California 90017 November 30, 2011 (Rev 1) October 14, 2011 Century City Area Fault Investigation Report Revision Log Revision Log Revision # Revision Date Revision 0 October 14, 2011 Original 1 November 30, 2011 References Page 32 – added reference Plate 3 Appendix B – Deleted Boring and Cone Penetrometer Test Locations not excavated. Appendix C-2 – Added Rotary Wash Boring and Cone Penetrometer Test Logs, See Appendix Cover WESTSIDE SUBWAY EXTENSION PROJECT November 30, 2011 (Rev 1) Page i Century City Area Fault Investigation Report Table of Contents Table of Contents Volume 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Supervisor Yaroslavsky’s Motion to Metro Board of Directors .......................................... 5 1.2 Status of Design and Environmental Documents ............................................................... 7 2.0 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Published Literature ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 City of Beverly Hills Urban Water Management Plan
    2010 City of Beverly Hills Urban Water Management Plan August, 2011 This Page Left Blank Intentionally 2010 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN City of Beverly Hills August 2011 Prepared by: CONSULTING ENGINEERS 1130 W. Huntington Drive Unit 12 Arcadia, CA 91007 (626) 821-3456 This Page Left Blank Intentionally CITY OF BEVERLY HILLS 2010 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1: Introduction Section Page 1.1 Purpose and Summary ....................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Coordination.....................................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Format of the Plan............................................................................................................1-2 1.4 Water System History ......................................................................................................1-3 1.5 Service Area.....................................................................................................................1-5 1.6 Climate .............................................................................................................................1-5 1.7 Population ........................................................................................................................1-6 1.8 Water System...................................................................................................................1-6 Section 2: Water Supply Resources Section Page 2.1 Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • Env-2020-6951-E
    PRELIMINARY GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION Proposed Hotel with Subgrade Parking 50415057 North Lankershim Boulevard 11121 Hesby Street North Hollywood, CA for Napa Industries, LLC 5330 Derry Avenue, Suite H Agoura Hills, California 91301 Project 5824 June 24, 2020 www.GeoConceptsInc.com 14428 Hamlin Street, #200, Van Nuys, CA 91401 + (818) 994-8895 Office + (818) 994-8599 Fax PRELIMINARY GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 SCOPE ......................................................................................................................................... 1 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................... 1 SITE DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................... 2 Location and Description .......................................................................................................... 2 Drainage ................................................................................................................................... 2 Groundwater ............................................................................................................................. 2 FIELD EXPLORATION ................................................................................................................. 2 SUMMARY
    [Show full text]